This 18th-century Peruvian oil painting depicts James Matamoros, the former Patron Saint of Spain, holding a sword and cross while riding a white horse.

From 1532, Cusco, Peru, became a Spanish colony and the church sought to convert the indigenous population - with art a vital component. Hence, Cusco School works are quite fascinating as they blend traditional iconography with local Peruvian beliefs. The result is a varied array of unusual portrayals depicting an amalgamation of ideologies.

By the 18th century, the popularity of the Cusco School painters reached such an extent that various workshops were established on an industrial scale. Hundreds of works were produced during this period and sold in various cities. This particular piece was probably sold in Peru around 1750 and it’s a fascinating survivor.

Medium: Oil on canvas
Overall size: 35” x 43” / 89cm x 109cm
Year of creation: c. 1750
Condition: Canvas relined. Age-related darkening. Restoration.