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Kompendium Internistische Onkologie

Zusammenfassung

Zur Beurteilung eines Therapieeffekts einer onkologischen Therapie kann die diagnostische Bildgebung durch die Bestimmung der volumetrischen Tumorlast dienen. Gängige Verfahren sind hierbei allem voran die CT, aber auch Ultraschall und MRT. Bei den daraus entstandenen standardisierten Regelwerken für die Response-Bestimmung, wie den RECIST, handelt es sich meist um vereinfachte Messungen. Für die individuelle Beurteilung eines Therapieeffekts bedarf es jedoch einer genaueren Erfassung des Tumorverhaltens im Verlauf. Weiterführende nichtinvasive Bestimmung von Veränderungen der Tumorgewebsbeschaffenheit und dessen funktionelle Eigenschaften können über eine Größenänderung hinaus der Therapieerfolgsbewertung dienen. Gängige bildgebende Verfahren sind die intravenös kontrastmittelgestützte Darstellung, aber auch die diffusionsgewichtete MRT sowie die PET. Vereinfachte und standardisierte Auswertungen der Tumorbeschaffenheit sind sowohl für die morphologischen Bildgebungsverfahren (z. B. mRECIST, EASL-Kriterien, CHOI) als auch für die funktionelle Bildgebung in Form der FDG-PET (PERCIST, EORTC-PET-Response-Kriterien) etabliert. Mit der zunehmenden Anwendung immuntherapeutischer Behandlungsverfahren und insbesondere mit der Anwendung von Immun-Checkpoint-Inhibitoren in der neoadjuvanten Behandlungssituation kommt der Beurteilung der Response auch in diesem Bereich eine wichtige zukünftige Rolle zu. Molekulare Marker sowie die Durchflusszytometrie werden bei verschiedenen Erkrankungen zunehmend zur Beurteilung der Remissionstiefe im Sinne einer Bestimmung der minimalen Resterkrankung oder der messbaren Resterkrankung (MRD) eingesetzt.

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Gebauer, B. et al. (2021). Remissionsparameter. In: Schmoll, HJ. (eds) Kompendium Internistische Onkologie . Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46764-0_1-1

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