Abstract
Pesticide resistance, cross-resistance, and limitation of potential biopesticide on Helopeltis theivora Waterhouse [Commonly known as tea mosquito bug (TMB)] have strongly triggered notable economic losses in tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] industries across African and some selected Asian countries like India and Bangladesh. Repellent agents like essential oils (EOs) could be quite promising to reduce the adverse and numerous side effects of synthetic pesticides; however, scientific study on chemoreception through olfaction, as a sensory modality on this pest, is yet to be done. In this study, therefore, spatial olfactory response of few selected essential oils (N=7) has been highlighted in a modified vertical Y-tube olfactometer (VYTO), which is based on the negative geotaxis crawling movement (NGCM) of the pest within the confined environment of the olfactometer. The NGCM distance covered by the TMBs was 80 cm in 16.02 ± 1.47 (Mean ± SD) min with a speed of 8×10-3 m/s. This study is also first to report the spatial repellency, as spatial activity index (SAI), of transfluthrin as a positive control (0.88%) against TMBs [SAI of 0.849 ± 0.042 (Mean ± SD)]. Based on EOs yield, natural abundance, and growth, wild Agerartum conyzoides (L.) was found to be a potential spatial repellent agent [SAI of 0.925 ± 0.036 (Mean ± SD)] against adult female TMBs. GC-MS analysis of A. conyzoides detected precocene I and precocene II, as the most probable metabolites within the highest peak area (%). This study will definitely help in the behavioral study on TMBs in the future; especially, in the elucidation of spatial bio-insecticidal properties of the abundant volatile aromatic compounds in the natural environment.
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The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgement
The author is grateful to departed soul Dr. Tapas Medhi, Asst. Professor, Dept. of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University. The author is also grateful to the Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India and Dept. of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University for providing all the necessary facilities to complete this work. For GC-MS analysis and fabrication of VYTO, author is indebted to Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Centre, Tezpur University. The author also conveys his special thanks to the small tea growers (Sewak tea plantation, Tezpur, Assam) for allowing him to collect young tea leaves and H. theivora during the entire period of this work.
Funding
This work was supported by the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) and University Grant Commission (UGC), Govt. of India (Grant no: F1-17.1/2014-15/RGNF-2014-15-SC-ASS-67703 /(SAIII/Website).
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Highlights
• Negative geotaxis crawling movement (NGCM) of adult female H. theivora, within an artificial chambered condition, covers a distance of 80 cm in 16.02 ± 1.47 (Mean ± SD) min with a speed of 8×10-3 (m/s).
• This study has evaluated the spatial activity index (SAI) of hydrodistillate essential oils (EOs) using a fabricated vertical Y-tube olfactometer (VYTO) against adult female H. theivora.
• Transfluthrin (0.88%) is quite promising with an SAI value of 89.55 ± 4.36 (Mean ± SD) and knockdown % of 5 in 8 replicates (N=40).
• EO of Agerartum conyzoides (L.) is a potential spatial repellent with a SAI value of 0.849 ± 0.223 (Mean ± SD), where precocene I and precocene II are present in the higher peak areas (%) of the GC –MS chromatogram.
• The significance of this study relies on the application of the VYTO and NGCM for the future assessment of spatial activity of different EOs against this tea pest.
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Das, P.P. Fabrication of a vertical Y-tube olfactometer for the assessment of spatial repellency of essential oils against Helopeltis theivora waterhouse. Int J Trop Insect Sci 42, 835–844 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-021-00607-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-021-00607-3