Abstract
Confronted with progressively increasing demands for greater flexibility, organizations apply organizational and managerial practices that build on their employees’ self-organization and self-discipline, thereby increasing their employees’ control over achieving their everyday work tasks. Although these practices offer opportunities for personal growth and coordination of work and private life, the resultant demands for increasing autonomy and self-organization may overtax employees’ capacities, leading to stress. Furthermore, employees are increasingly reacting in ways that are self-exploitative and detrimental to their own health in response to large work-loads and strong demands for self-organization. This chapter introduces the concept of self-endangering work behavior; namely, behaviors that may be functional with regard to attaining work goals but dysfunctional with regard to health and long-term ability to work. We propose that self-endangering work behavior can be viewed as a form of coping reaction when workers are confronted with large work-loads and strong demands for self-organization. Based on the transactional stress model and regulation of behavior theory, we propose that self-endangering work behavior may mediate the effect of large work-loads and strong demands for self-organization on impaired well-being. We summarize empirical findings that confirm the detrimental role of self-endangering behaviors and their capacity to increase the detrimental effects of work demands. Finally, we discuss the benefit of assessing self-endangering behavior with the aim of taking preventive measures.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Allen TD, Johnson RC, Kiburz KM et al (2013) Work–family conflict and flexible work arrangements: deconstructing flexibility. Pers Psychol 66(2):345–376
Allvin M, Aronsson G, Hagström T et al (2011) Work without boundaries: psychological perspectives on the new working life. Wiley, Chichester
Aronsson G, Gustafsson K (2005) Sickness presenteeism: prevalence, attendance pressure factors, and an outline of a model for research. J Occup Environ Med 47(9):958–966
Aronsson G, Gustafsson K, Dallner M (2000) Sick but yet at work. An empirical study of sickness presenteeism. J Epidemiol Community Health 54(7):502–509
Badura B, Ducki A, Schröder H et al (2012) Fehlzeiten-Report 2012. Gesundheit in der flexiblen Arbeitswelt: Chancen nutzen—Risiken minimieren [Absenteeism report 2012. Health in the world of flexible work: making the most of chances, minimizing risks]. Springer, Berlin (in German)
Baeriswyl S (2014) Exploring the processes leading to emotional exhaustion—two extensions of the JD−R approach. Outline for Doctoral Thesis, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Olten
Baeriswyl S, Krause A, Kunz Heim D (2014) Arbeitsbelastungen, Selbstgefährdung und Gesundheit bei Lehrpersonen—eine Erweiterung des Job Demands−Resources Modells [Job demands, self-endangering behavior and occupational health of teachers]. Emp Päd 28(2):128–146 (in German)
Bakker AB, Demerouti E (2007) The job demands-resources model: state of the art. J Manage Psychol 22(3):309–328
Bamberg E, Busch C, Ducki A (2003) Betriebliches Stress- und Ressourcenmanagement. Strategien und Methoden für die neue Arbeitswelt [Managing organizational stress and resources: strategies and methods for the new world of work]. Huber, Bern (in German)
Bergström G, Bodin L, Hagberg J et al (2009) Does sickness presenteeism have an impact on future general health? Int Arch Occup Environ Health 82(10):1179–1190
Billings AG, Moos RH (1981) The role of coping responses and social resources in attenuating the stress of life events. J Behav Med 4(2):139–157
Böckerman P, Laukkanen E (2009) What makes you work while you are sick? Evidence from a survey of workers. Eur J Pub Health 20(1):43–46
Böckerman P, Laukkanen E (2010) Predictors of sickness absence and presenteeism: does the pattern differ by a respondent’s health? J Occup Environ Med 52(3):332–335
Carver CS, Connor-Smith J (2010) Personality and coping. Ann Rev Psychol 61:679–704
Carver CS, Scheier MF (1998) On the self-regulation of behavior. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Carver CS, Scheier MF, Weintraub JK (1989) Assessing coping strategies: a theoretically based approach. J Pers Soc Psychol 56(2):267–283
Caverley N, Cunningham JB, MacGregor JN (2007) Sickness presenteeism, sickness absenteeism, and health following restructuring in a public organization. J Manage Stud 44(2):304–319
Claes R (2011) Employee correlates of sickness presence: a study across four European countries. Work Stress 25(3):224–242
Conway PM, Hogh A, Rugulies R et al (2014) Is sickness presenteeism a risk factor for depression? A Danish 2-year follow-up study. J Occup Environ Med 56(6):595–603
Deci N, Dettmers J, Krause A, Berset M (under review) Coping in flexible working conditions—engagement, disengagement and self-endangering strategies
Deery S, Walsh J, Zatzick CD (2014) A moderated mediation analysis of job demands, presenteeism, and absenteeism. J Occup Organ Psychol 87:352–369
de Menezes LM, Kelliher C (2011) Flexible working and performance: a systematic review of the evidence for a business case. Int J Manage Rev 13:452–474
Demerouti E, Le Blanc PM, Bakke AB et al (2009) Present but sick: a three-wave study on job demands, presenteeism and burnout. Career Dev Int 14:50–68
Dettmers J (2014) Selbstgefährdendes Bewältigungsverhalten und die Wirkung von Challenge-Stressoren [Self-endangering coping behavior and the effect of challenge stressors]. In: Abstracts of the 49th Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie, University of Ruhr, Bochum, 21–25 Sept 2014 (in German)
Dettmers J, Bamberg E (2013) Rufbereitschaft als erweiterte Verfügbarkeit für die Erwerbsarbeit [On-call as extended availability for gainful employment]. In: Dettmers J, Fietze S, Friedrich N, Keller M (eds) Rufbereitschaft. Hampp, Mering (in German)
Dettmers J, Deci N (2014) Coping with time pressure—The mediating role of different coping strategies. In: Abstracts of the international conference healthy at work, Leuphana University Lüneburg, 16–17 May 2014
Docherty P, Forslin J, Shani AB (2002) Creating sustainable work systems: emerging perspectives and practice. Psychology, New York
Ducki A (2009) Arbeitsbedingte Mobilität und Gesundheit—Überall dabei—nirgendwo daheim [Work-related mobility and health: always working; never at home]. In: Badura B, Schröder H, Klose J, Macco K (eds) Fehlzeiten-Report 2009. Arbeit und Psyche: Belastungen reduzieren—Wohlbefinden fördern. Springer, Berlin, pp 61–70 (in German)
Eurofound (2012) Fifth European working conditions survey. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg
Evans GD, Bryant NE, Owens JS et al (2004) Ethnic differences in burnout, coping, and intervention acceptability among childcare professionals. Child Youth Care Forum 33(5):349–371
Felstead A, Jewson N (1999) Global trends in flexible labour. Macmillan, London
Gajendran RS, Harrison DA (2007) The good, the bad, and the unknown about telecommuting: meta-analysis of psychological mediators and individual consequences. J Appl Psychol 92:1524–1541
Garhammer M (2002) Pace of life and enjoyment of life. J Happiness Stud 3(3):217–256
Graf A (2012) Selbstmanagement-Kompetenz in Unternehmen nachhaltig sichern. Leistung, Wohlbefinden und Balance als Herausforderung [Sustaining self-management competence in companies: the challenge of achievement, well-being, and balance]. Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden (in German)
Grebner S, Berlowitz I, Alvarado V et al (2010) Stress bei Schweizer Erwerbstätigen. Zusammenhänge zwischen Arbeitsbedingungen, Personenmerkmalen, Befinden und Gesundheit [Stress in Swiss workers: relations between working conditions, personality characteristics, well-being, and health]. Staatssekretariat für Wirtschaft SECO, Bern (in German)
Green F (2004) Why has work effort become more intense? Ind Relat 43:709–741
Greif S, Bamberg E, Semmer N (1991) Psychischer Streß am Arbeitsplatz. Hogrefe, Göttingen, pp 91–119 (in German)
Gutiérrez Doña EB (2002) Coping with stress at work: a longitudinal study on health outcomes and quality of life. Doctoral dissertation, Free University of Berlin. Available from http://edocs.fu-berlin.de/diss/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/FUDISS_derivate_000000000898/00_Gutierrez.pdf. Accessed 10 Mar 2015
Hackman J, Oldham G (1976) Motivation through the design of work: test of a theory. Organ Behav Hum Perform 16(2):250–279
Hägerbäumer M (2011) Ursachen und Folgen des Arbeitens trotz Krankheit—Implikationen des Präsentismus für das betriebliche Fehlzeiten- und Gesundheitsmanagement [Causes and consequences of working when sick: implications of presenteeism for absence and health management in companies]. Doctoral dissertation, University of Osnabrück. Available from https://repositorium.uni-osnabrueck.de/bitstream/urn:nbn:de:gbv:700-201112158616/1/thesis_haegerbaeumer.pdf. Accessed 10 Mar 2015 (in German)
Hansen CD, Andersen JH (2008) Going ill to work—what personal circumstances, attitudes and work-related factors are associated with sickness presenteeism? Soc Sci Med 67:956–964
Heponiemi T, Elovainio M, Pentti J et al (2010) Association of contractual and subjective job insecurity with sickness presenteeism among public sector employees. J Occup Environ Med 52:830–835
Hockey GRJ (1997) Compensatory control in the regulation of human performance under stress and high workload: a cognitive-energetical framework. Biol Psychol 45:73–93
Höge T (2011) Perceived flexibility requirements at work and the entreployee-work-orientation: concept and measurement. Psychol Everyday Act 4:3–21
Höge T, Hornung S (2013) Perceived flexibility requirements: exploring mediating mechanisms in positive and negative effects on worker well-being. Econ Ind Democr 0:1–24
Horner RD, Matthews G, Yi MS (2012) A conceptual model of physician work intensity: guidance for evaluating policies and practices to improve health care delivery. Med Care 50:654–661
Janssen D, Nachreiner F (2004) Flexible Arbeitszeiten [Flexible working hours]. Schriftenreihe der Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin. Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, Dortmund (in German)
Janssens H, Clays E, De Clerq B et al (2013) The relation between presenteeism and different types of future sickness absence. J Occup Health 55:132–141
Johns G (2011) Attendance dynamics at work: the antecedents and correlates of presenteeism, absenteeism, and productivity loss. J Occup Health Psychol 16:483–500
Joksimovic L, Siegrist J, Meyer-Hammer M et al (1999) Overcommitment predicts restenosis after coronary angioplasty in cardiac patients. Int J Behav Med 6:356–369
Joyce K, Pabayo R, Critchley JA et al (2010) Flexible working conditions and their effects on employee health and wellbeing. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008009.pub2
Karasek RA (1979) Job demands, job decision latitude, and mental strain: implications for job redesign. Adm Sci Q 24(2):285–308
Kaur S, Kremer M, Mullainathan S (2010) Self-control and the development of work arrangements. Am Econ Rev 100:624–628
Kieschke U, Schaarschmidt U (2008) Professional commitment and health among teachers in Germany: a typological approach. Learn Instr 18:429–437
Kivimäki M, Head J, Ferrie JE et al (2005) Working while ill as a risk factor for serious coronary events: the Whitehall II Study. Am J Public Health 95:98–102
Korunka C, Kubicek B (2013) Beschleunigung im Arbeitsleben—neue Anforderungen und deren Folgen [Speeding up working life: new demands and their consequences]. In: Junghanns G, Morschhäuser M (eds) Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin. Immer schneller, immer mehr. Springer, Wiesbaden, pp 17–39 (in German)
Kowalski H (2013) Gehirndoping am Arbeitsplatz [Neuro-Enhancement]. In: Badura B, Ducki A, Schröder H, Klose J, Meyer M (eds) Fehlzeiten-Report 2013. Verdammt zum Erfolg—Die süchtige Arbeitsgesellschaft? Springer, Berlin, pp 27–34 (in German)
Krause A, Dorsemagen C, Stadlinger J et al (2012) Indirekte Steuerung und interessierte Selbstgefährdung: Ergebnisse aus Befragungen und Fallstudien. Konsequenzen für das Betriebliche Gesundheitsmanagement [Indirect control and self-endangering behavior]. In: Badura B, Ducki A, Schröder H, Klose J, Meyer M (eds) Fehlzeiten-Report 2012. Gesundheit in der flexiblen Arbeitswelt: Chancen nutzen—Risiken minimieren. Springer, Berlin, pp 191–202 (in German)
Krause A, Baeriswyl S, Berset M et al (2014) Selbstgefährdung als Indikator für Mängel bei der Gestaltung mobil-flexibler Arbeit: Zur Entwicklung eines Erhebungsinstruments [Self-endangering behavior as an indicator for shortcomings in the design of mobile and flexible work]. Wirt Psych 4(14):49–59 (in German)
Krieger R, Pekruh U, Lehmann M et al (2012) Fünfte Europäische Erhebung über die Arbeitsbedingungen 2010. Ausgewählte Ergebnisse aus Schweizer Perspektive. Staatssekretariat für Wirtschaft SECO, Bern (in German)
Lazarus RS, Folkman S (1984) Stress, appraisal and coping. Springer, New York
Leitner K, Greiner B, Oesterreich R et al (1987) Analyse psychischer Belastung in der Arbeit: das RHIA-Verfahren; Handbuch. Verlag TÜV Rheinland, Köln (in German)
Locke EA, Latham GP (2002) Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation: a 35-year odyssey. Am Psychol 57(9):705
Lohmann-Haislah A (2012) Stressreport Deutschland 2012. Psychische Anforderungen, Ressourcen und Befinden [Stress report Germany 2012: psychological demands, resources, and well-being]. Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, Dortmund (in German)
Lu L, Cooper CL, Lin HY (2013a) A cross-cultural examination of presenteeism and supervisory support. Career Dev Int 18:440–456
Lu L, Lin HY, Cooper CL (2013b) Unhealthy and present: motives and consequences of the act of presenteeism among Taiwanese employees. J Occup Health Psychol 18:406–416
Mearns J, Cain JE (2003) Relationship between teachers’ occupational stress and their burnout and distress: roles of coping and negative mood regulation expectancies. Anxiety Stress Coping 16(1):71–82
Mearns K, Hope L (2005) Health and well-being in the offshore environment: the management of personal health (No. 305). HSE Research Report 376
Moldaschl M, Voss GG (2003) Subjektivierung von Arbeit [Subjectivizing work]. Rainer Hampp, München (in German)
Näswall K, Hellgren J, Sverke M (2008) The individual in the changing working life. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Nielsen MB, Knardahl S (2014) Coping strategies: a prospective study of patterns, stability, and relationships with psychological distress. Scand J Psychol 55(2):142–150
Oldham GR, Hackman JR (2010) Not what it was and not what it will be: the future of job design research. JOB 479:463–479
Pangert B, Schüpbach H (2013) Die Auswirkungen arbeitsbezogener erweiterter Erreichbarkeit auf Life-Domain-Balance und Gesundheit [The effects of work-related extended availability on life-domain-balance and health]. Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin BAuA, Dortmund (in German)
Peters K (2011) Indirekte Steuerung und interessierte Selbstgefährdung: Eine 180-Grad-Wende bei der betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung [Indirect control and an interest in self-threatening behavior: an about turn in company health promotion]. In: Kratzer N, Dunkel W, Becker K, Hinrichs S (eds) Arbeit und Gesundheit im Konflikt: Analysen und Ansätze für ein partizipatives Gesundheitsmanagement. Ed. Sigma, Berlin, pp 105–122 (in German)
Pfeiffer S (2012) Technologische Grundlagen der Entgrenzung: Chancen und Risiken [Technological foundations of exclusion: chances and risks]. In: Badura B, Ducki A, Schröder H, Klose J, Meyer M (eds) Fehlzeiten-Report 2012. Gesundheit in der flexiblen Arbeitswelt: Chancen nutzen—Risiken minimieren. Springer, Berlin, pp 15–21 (in German)
Posthuma RA, Campion MC, Masimova M et al (2013) A high performance work practices taxonomy. Integrating the literature and directing future research. J Manage 39:1184–1220
Rau R (2012) Erholung als Indikator für gesundheitsförderlich gestaltete Arbeit [Recuperation as an indicator for health-promoting work design]. In: Badura B, Ducki A, Schröder H, Klose J, Meyer M (eds) Fehlzeiten-Report 2012. Gesundheit in der flexiblen Arbeitswelt: Chancen nutzen—Risiken minimieren. Springer, Berlin, pp 181–190 (in German)
Rothmann S, Jorgensen LI, Hill C (2011) Coping and work engagement in selected South African organisations. SA J Ind Psychol 37(1):1–11
Rousseau DM (1997) Organizational behavior in the new organizational era. Annu Rev Psychol 48:515–546
Schaufeli WB, Salanova M, González-Romá V et al (2002) The measurement of engagement and burnout: a two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. J Happiness Stud 3(1):71–92
Schaufeli WB, Taris TW, Van Rhenen W (2008) Workaholism, burnout, and work engagement: three of a kind or three different kinds of employee well‐being? Appl Psychol 57(2):173–203
Schönpflug W (1987) Beanspruchung und Belastung bei der Arbeit—Konzepte und Theorien [Strain and stress at work: concepts and theories]. In: Kleinbeck U, Rutenfranz J (eds) Enzyklopädie der Psychologie: Themenbereich D Praxisgebiete, Serie III Wirt-schafts-, Organisations- und Arbeitspsychologie, Band I Arbeitspsychologie. Hogrefe, Göttingen, pp 130–184 (in German)
Semmer NK, Meier LL (2009) Individual differences, work stress and health. In: Cooper CL, Quick JC, Schabracq M (eds) International Handbook of Work and Health Psychology, 3rd edn. Wiley, Chichester, pp 99–121
Semmer NK, Grebner S, Elfering A (2010) “Psychische Kosten” von Arbeit: Beanspruchung und Erholung, Leistung und Gesundheit [Psychological costs of work]. In: Kleinbeck U, Schmidt K-H (eds) Enzyklopädie der Psychologie: Themenbereich D Praxisgebiete, Serie III Wirtschafts-, Organisations- und Arbeitspsychologie, Band 1 Arbeitspsychologie. Hogrefe, Göttingen, pp 325–370 (in German)
Siegrist J, Starke D, Chandola T, Godin I, Marmot M, Niedhammer I, Peter R (2004) The measurement of effort–reward imbalance at work: European comparisons. Soc Sci Med 58(8):1483–1499
Voss GG, Pongratz HJ (1998) Der Arbeitskraftunternehmer. Eine neue Grundform der ‘Ware Arbeitskraft’? [The entreployee: a new form of labor power]. Kölner Z Soziol Soz 50:131–158 (in German)
Wallace SL, Lee J, Lee SM (2010) Job stress, coping strategies, and burnout among abuse-specific counselors. J Employ Couns 47:111–122
Welbourne JL, Eggerth D, Hartley TA et al (2007) Coping strategies in the workplace: relationships with attributional style and job satisfaction. J Vocat Behav 70(2):312–325
Welsh DT, Ordóñez L (2014) The dark side of consecutive high performance goals: linking goal setting, depletion, and unethical behavior. Organ Behav Hum Decis Process 123:79–89
Widmer PS, Semmer NK, Kälin W et al (2012) The ambivalence of challenge stressors: time pressure associated with both negative and positive well-being. J Vocat Behav 80:422–433
Wirtz A (2010) Gesundheitliche und soziale Auswirkungen langer Arbeitszeiten [Effects of long working hours on health and social life]. Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin BAuA, Dortmund (in German)
Zapf D, Semmer NK (2004) Stress und Gesundheit in Organisationen [Stress and health in organizations]. Enzyklopädie der Psychologie, Themenbereich D, Serie III 3:1007–1112 (in German)
Zok K, Dammasch H (2012) Flexible Arbeitswelt: Ergebnisse einer Beschäftigtenbefragung [Flexible working world: results of an employee survey]. In: Badura B, Ducki A, Schröder H, Klose J, Meyer M (eds) Fehlzeiten-Report 2012: Gesundheit in der flexiblen Arbeitswelt. Springer, Berlin, pp 39–52 (in German)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Dettmers, J., Deci, N., Baeriswyl, S., Berset, M., Krause, A. (2016). Self-Endangering Work Behavior. In: Wiencke, M., Cacace, M., Fischer, S. (eds) Healthy at Work . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32331-2_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32331-2_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-32329-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-32331-2
eBook Packages: Business and ManagementBusiness and Management (R0)