Zusammenfassung
Mesenchymale und neuronale Tumoren geben sich klinisch häufig nur schwer zu erkennen. Farbe, Lage und Tastbefund der Läsion sind zur differenzialdiagnostischen Abwägung hilfreich. Entsprechend der anatomischen Lokalisation mesenchymaler Strukturen wird zwischen Neoplasien des Bindegewebes und Fettgewebes, der glatten und quer gestreiften Muskulatur, des Knorpelgewebes und Knochengewebes sowie peripheren Nervensystems unterschieden. Für die präzise Einordnung dieser Läsionen ist eine repräsentative Gewebeentnahme mit dermatohistopathologischer Untersuchung häufig unerlässlich. Hierbei haben sich zahlreiche immunhistochemische Marker bewährt. Mit Einführung der Molekularbiologie sind bei einigen Entitäten Fluoreszenz-in-situ-Hybridisierung und Reverse-Transkriptase-Polymerase-Kettenreaktion zusätzlich diagnostisch hilfreich geworden. Darüber hinaus haben bei einigen malignen Neoplasien chromosomale Aberrationen prognostische und therapeutische Relevanz.
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Wilk, M., Zelger, B. (2018). Mesenchymale und neuronale Tumoren. In: Plewig, G., Ruzicka, T., Kaufmann, R., Hertl, M. (eds) Braun-Falco’s Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie. Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49544-5_106
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