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Osmo- und Ionenregulation

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Zusammenfassung

Es ist sehr wahrscheinlich, dass die Evolution erster Zellen in der Frühzeit der Erdgeschichte in einem Medium stattfand, das geringe Konzentrationen abiotisch gebildeter, kleiner organischer Moleküle enthielt und reich an Mineralstoffen war. Es ist daher nicht überraschend, dass die ionale Zusammensetzung der Körperflüssigkeiten heute lebender Tiere in vielen Fällen Ähnlichkeiten mit der ionalen Komposition des Meerwassers erkennen lässt. Allerdings sind die Körperflüssigkeiten von Tieren nie exakt mit den jeweiligen Außenmedien identisch. Vielmehr ist die Aufrechterhaltung von Konzentrationsunterschieden (Gradienten) zwischen Körperinnerem und Außenwelt sogar ein wesentliches Merkmal lebender Systeme.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    compatior (lat.) = Mitleid haben; kompatibel = verträglich

  2. 2.

    homoios (griech.) = gleich, gleichartig

  3. 3.

    eurys (griech.) = breit; halos (griech.) = Salz

  4. 4.

    stenos (griech.) = eng

  5. 5.

    isos (griech.) = gleich

  6. 6.

    poikilos (griech.) = verschieden, verschiedenartig

  7. 7.

    hyper- (griech.) = über

  8. 8.

    hypo- (griech.) = unter

  9. 9.

    plassein (griech.) = bilden, formen

  10. 10.

    ana- (griech.) = hinauf, aufwärts; dromos (griech.) = Lauf

  11. 11.

    kata (griech.) = hinab

  12. 12.

    smolt (engl.) = Junglachs oder junge Meerforelle auf dem Weg ins Meer

  13. 13.

    sub- (lat.) = unter, unterhalb; lingua (lat.) = Zunge

  14. 14.

    tonos (griech.) = Spannung, Anspannung

  15. 15.

    cavum (lat.) = Höhlung; forma (lat.) = Gestalt

  16. 16.

    konos (griech.) = Kegel

  17. 17.

    dipsa (griech.) = Durst, -genes (griech.) = -erzeugend, -herstellend

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Deutschland

    Jan-Peter Hildebrandt

  2. Bonn, Deutschland

    Horst Bleckmann

  3. Universität Marburg, Marburg, Deutschland

    Uwe Homberg

Authors
  1. Jan-Peter Hildebrandt
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  2. Horst Bleckmann
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  3. Uwe Homberg
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Correspondence to Jan-Peter Hildebrandt .

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Hildebrandt, JP., Bleckmann, H., Homberg, U. (2021). Osmo- und Ionenregulation. In: Penzlin - Lehrbuch der Tierphysiologie. Springer Spektrum, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-61595-9_7

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