Zusammenfassung
Schon sehr zeitig nach der Entstehung der Erdkruste erscheint bereits im frühen Archaikum Leben auf dem Planeten. Was ist Leben, wie ist es entstanden und wie funktioniert die biologische Evolution? Das Präkambrium war das Zeitalter der Mikroben; die ersten Prokaryoten finden sich im frühesten Präkambrium, im mittleren folgen die Eukaryoten, und die ersten Mehrzeller treten kurz vor Ende des Präkambriums auf. Vor 2,45 bis 2,33 Ga bewirkte eine verstärkte biogene Photosynthese die dramatische Zunahme von freiem Sauerstoff in der Atmosphäre (great oxidation event, GOE-I); mit einem zweiten massiven Anstieg (Neoproterozoic oxidation event, GOE-II) wurden vor ca. 660 Ma dann ähnliche Sauerstoffgehalte in der Erdatmosphäre erreicht wie heute. Durch Eisen oxidierende Bakterien entstanden Bändererze (banded iron formation, BIF) – die größten Fe-Lagerstätten weltweit. Das Proterozoikum war von drei globalen Vereisungen (snowball Earth) geprägt.
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Elicki, O., Breitkreuz, C. (2023). Präkambrium II. In: Die Entwicklung des Systems Erde. Springer Spektrum, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65764-5_3
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