Unit 10: Causes of the Civil War

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1 Unit 10: Causes of the Civil War

2 Bellwork: Tuesday 1/31/17 Use the Culture and Economics Handout to Copy and Answer the Questions Below: What is a synonym for tariffs as it is used in the text? List 3 differences between the North and South based on the text. How did economic differences between the North and South contribute to the Civil War?

3 Introduction to the Causes of the Civil War This goes on p. 4

4 Secession: to formally withdraw from a union
Civil War: a war between two groups of people in the same country

5 During the antebellum period, the US moved closer and closer to secession
Most of the tension in the nation centered around the issue of slavery

6 As a result of these tensions, the southern states began to consider seceding (leaving the United States) Eventually, when no real compromise could be reached, 13 southern states decided to secede from the US which began the American Civil War

7 Louisiana Purchase Map P. 5
Spanish Territory GA SC NY MD VT French Territory TN NC KY VA PA DE NJ CT MA NH

8 Map Activity Questions Copy the Questions and Answer them on p. 6
What area of the US is primarily slave states? Why does this area make up the majority of the slave states? What reason(s) would some states not allow slaves? How does this map show the impact/effects of the cotton gin? What divisions in the US are shown on this map?

9 Copy this diagram on p. 11

10 Bellwork: Wednesday 2/1/17
What was the cause of most of the tension in the United States during the Antebellum period?

11 Bellwork: Thursday 2/2/17 Why did the southern states fear the tariffs?

12 Tariffs and the Force Bill This goes on p. 7-10

13 US Congress passed “protective tariffs” in 1816, 1828 and 1832
Tariff: a tax on imported goods (any goods from foreign countries)

14

15 Seen as Good for the North…..
These tariffs were seen as good for the north- industry Why? Tariffs raised the prices of foreign competitors prices

16 Seen as Bad for the South…
Tariffs were seen as bad for the South – agriculture Why? The south has to buy nearly all their manufactured goods = higher prices for the south

17 John C. Calhoun was the most famous politician and statesman from SC.
Firm believer in “STATES RIGHTS” – the idea that the state’s rights out weigh the rights of the Federal government.

18 Calhoun: A Powerful Man
Secretary of State Secretary of War US House of Representatives Vice President (John Quincy Adams) Vice President (Andrew Jackson) US Senate

19 Trouble in the White House
John C. Calhoun – Vice President (from SC) Anonymously wrote South Carolina Exposition and Protest

20 What it said The SC Exposition and Protest basically said that the STATES had the RIGHT (or power) to nullify a US law if they found it unconstitutional Special State Convention

21 Why this was a problem This idea threatened the unity of the US and Supreme Court’s exclusive right to declare laws unconstitutional This became known as States Rights

22 The concept of States Rights was debated in Washington D. C
The concept of States Rights was debated in Washington D.C. and Columbia, SC…and in all of the other states too

23 SC split into two groups
The States Rights party-Nullifiers The Union Party-Unionists Nullifiers by far the most powerful and in control

24 More Tariffs? The US passed another tariff in 1832
SC called a meeting to nullify it John C. Calhoun resigned as Vice President-entered in the US Senate He became the leader for those against tariffs and for nullification

25 Oh no he didn’t Jackson, the President, called for a Force Bill
This would send US troops to SC to collect the tariffs

26 Dodged a Bullet The Force Bill never went into effect
A compromise was reached The US would lower the tariff and SC would repeal nullification

27 But SC is not done… Then, SC nullified the Force Bill
They did this to show everyone that they felt that the states could declare laws unconstitutional

28 States Rights States Rights are debated constantly for the next two decades Believers in States Rights said the states were held together by a compact or an agreement NOT a contract So….states had the right to nullify laws that they did not agree with

29 Even Bigger Problems Nullifiers also felt that if states were not allowed to nullify a law, then they had the legal right to secede

30 Bellwork: Friday 2/3/17 Do you think slavery should be expanded to the western states? Why or why not?

31 Missouri Compromise This goes on p. 13

32 Missouri Compromise As nation grew ( west mostly) had to decide if slavery would be allowed in the new territories.. 1820 = 36degrees/ 30 degree line Above = free states Below = slave states

33 Classwork Assignment….This goes on p. 14
Label all states and territories Create a map key Be sure to include the Line

34 Bellwork: Monday 2/6/17 Explain the purpose of the Missouri Compromise.

35 The Compromise of 1850 This goes on p. 16-18

36 Thars’ Gold in Them There Hills!
The Missouri Compromise seemed to have solved the question of slavery in the new territories. But the problem quickly arose again. The territory of Texas in Mexico had rebelled against Mexico and won their independence. Within a decade, Texas was admitted as a state in the US.

37 Mexico was not happy that the US had allowed Mexico to join the Union.
The US massed its army along the border of Mexico (basically daring Mexico to attack). Mexico attacked the US army and was quickly defeated. Now the US owned territory from ocean to ocean (Manifest Destiny)

38 It was not long before settlers moving to the new lands in California made an interesting discover……GOLD! The gold rush of 1849 was on!!!! Almost overnight, California had a large enough population to apply to become a state. Problem…..the Missouri Compromise did not extend through California. So would California be admitted as a free state or a slave state????

39 The argument was back on between the Northern and the Southern states.
Finally a compromise was reached.

40 The Compromise of 1850 5 main parts: 1. CA admitted as a free state.
2. Slavery allowed in the rest of the territory gained from Mexico.

41 3. Slave trade in Washington, DC outlawed.
4. Agreement from Congress that it could not stop the interstate trade of slaves.

42 5. A stricter fugitive slave law requiring all citizens to assist owners searching for runaway slaves.

43 Still not Happy The Compromise of 1850 did not satisfy either side completely. John C. Calhoun started to call for secession.(But died before he could present an official bill calling for secession) Real troubles are just beginning.

44 Compromise of 1850 Map…This goes on p. 19
Label all states and territories Create a map key and color according to the map key Be sure to include all the Missouri Compromise line

45 Copy the Questions and Answer on p. 20
Answer the Following Questions: What was the 36’ 30 Line? What factors contributed to California becoming a state so quickly? Why did California not want to become a slave state? Did the Missouri Compromise answer the question of what type of state California would be? Why or why not? List the 5 parts of the Compromise of 1850 What parts of the Compromise of 1850 benefited the south?

46 Bellwork: Tuesday 2/7/17 Use the Bellwork Reading for 2/7 to copy and answer the following questions: Why was the Compromise of 1850 necessary? Use the text to number the following events in chronological order: ____ U.S. Civil War Begins ____ Compromise of 1850 becomes law ____ U.S. wins Mexican-American War ____ Henry Clay introduces Compromise of 1850 ____ California joins U.S. as a free state

47 The Dred Scott Decision This goes on p. 21-23

48 From Slave to Free??? Dred Scott was moved with his owner from a slave state to a free state and then back to a slave state.

49 Abolitionists decided to use him as a way to end slavery.
Developed a legal case in which Dred sued for his freedom in a court of law.

50 The argued that since he had once been in a state in which slavery was illegal, he should be freed.

51 To the Supreme Court The case made it all the way to the US Supreme Court. Verdict = A surprising victory for supporters of slavery.

52 The court ruled on several issues…
1. Since Dred Scott was a slave, he was property and not a person, therefore, he could not even file a court case. 2. Since the US Constitution says that the government cannot take away a persons property without due process of law, Dred was still a slave.

53 The Biggest Blow 3. Third and most importantly, since the US Constitution says the government cannot take away a persons property without due process of law….the Missouri Compromise (36’ – 30’) was illegal.

54 This case was a huge victory for supporters of slavery and served to increase the tensions between North and South even more.

55 Bellwork: Thursday 2/9/17 Use the image on the left to copy and answer the questions below: What is the message of this poster? What can you infer about the person who created this poster?

56 Kansas-Nebraska Act This goes on p. 25-27

57 A plan introduced by Stephen Douglass to divide the remainder of the Louisiana Purchase into 2 states-Kansas and Nebraska.

58 In each state, the issue of whether or not to allow slavery would be decided by Popular Sovereignty.

59 Popular Sovereignty allow voters in the state to decide the issue of slavery.
Problem-Kansas had no residency clause. Did not have to live in Kansas to vote in Kansas.

60 Anti slavery and pro slavery groups scrambled to send people to Kansas to vote.

61 Soon, violence broke out.

62 The area became known as “Bleeding Kansas.”

63 Lots of violence-mostly night time raid by anonymous riders.

64 John Brown And His Raid On Harpers Ferry
John Brown is a radical abolitionist He believes he is on a mission from God. He believes he is Gods “Avenging Angel”

65 He leads a series of raids in Kansas
At Pottawatomie Creek in Kansas he massacre’s 19 people.

66 He comes up with a plan His plan = go to Virginia , take over the arsenal , get all weapons, create an army of slaves, and march across the south freeing all the slaves.

67 He attacks the arsenal in Harpers Ferry and takes over.
He waits for the slaves to arrive. The slaves never arrive…. Instead , the United States marine corps arrives. John Brown is captured and taken to trial.

68 He is sentenced to death & hanged.
On his way to the gallows , He makes a prophetic statement… “ I see now that the sins that stain this great nation will only be washed clean with the blood of thousands.” He is basically predicting war.

69 A madman into a martyr Martyr= a person who dies for their cause , death does more for their cause than they ever could in life. In the North John Brown is praised as a hero. In the South he is thought of as “ The devil”

70

71 This event greatly increases tension between north and south.

72 Bellwork: Friday 2/10/17 List the three ways that Congress tried to solve the expansion of slavery question. Did they work?

73 Bellwork: Monday 2/13/17 What is another word for secession?

74 Secession This goes on p. 29-32

75

76 The South is ready to leave!!
Before the election was even held, SC had promised that if Abraham Lincoln was elected President, they would secede. After the election, they quickly acted on their promise. We Gone!!!!

77 The Election of 1860 Republicans nominate Abraham Lincoln as their candidate for President….he was a little known senator who did not seem to have much of a chance to win.

78 Sectionalism effects the Presidential election
The Democrats could not agree on a candidate. The Democrats in the South nominated John C. Breckinridge – A Pro-Slavery candidate. The Northern Democrats nominated Stephen Douglas – a anti- slavery candidate. Others formed a third party called the Constitutional Union Party and nominated John Bell.

79 That’s just fancy talk for “lets get rid of slavery!”
The South believed if Lincoln was elected, the days of slavery (and life as they knew it) were over.

80 The election is held Surprise!!!

81 South Splits their vote….and the winner is Lincoln!!!
Because the Democrats split their vote, the Republicans and Abraham Lincoln ended up winning the election.

82 Election of 1860 Map…. Label all states and territories
Create a map key and color accordingly

83 The South is ready to leave!!
Before the election was even held, SC had promised that if Abraham Lincoln was elected President, they would secede. After the election, they quickly acted on their promise. We Definitely Gone

84 Three Groups at the Convention
Unionist – Wanted to remain in the Union. Cooperationists – Wanted to secede, but only if other States agreed to go with SC. Secessionists – (Fire – Eaters) – Wanted to secede right away no matter what.

85 Unionist Unionist were few in # at the convention. They felt that secession would lead to the end democracy in both the North and South.

86 Cooperationist Wanted to secede, but saw the danger of “going it alone”. They were also more willing to try to work out a compromise with Lincoln and the Republicans….if the compromise did not work, they were willing to secede with other Southern States.

87 Secessionists Called “Fire-Eaters” because of their fiery talk.
They dominated the convention.

88 Secessionist Win The meeting was held in Columbia, but moved to Charleston because of a smallpox epidemic. The secessionist rushed to have the meeting before Lincoln was even inaugurated because they did not want any sort of compromise to be reached. They bullied the other groups at the convention and the vote was unanimous to secede. SC was no longer a part of the USA.

89 Classwork Assignment.. Create a newspaper article announcing SC’s decision to secede from the US Items to include: Header Date of Secessionist Groups at the Convention Where the convention was held Results of the Vote Reason for Secession

90 State Date of Secession South Carolina December 20, 1860 Mississippi January 9, 1861 Florida January 10, 1861 Alabama January 11, 1861 Georgia January 19, 1861 Louisiana January 26, 1861 Texas February 1, 1861 Virginia April 17, 1861 Arkansas May 6, 1861 North Carolina May 20, 1861 Tennessee June 8, 1861

91 The election of Abraham Lincoln in was the final straw for many southerners. In all 11 states seceded from the Union. Four of these (Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Tennessee) did not secede until after the Battle of Fort Sumter that occurred on April 12, Five additional states were Border Slave States that did not secede from the Union: Missouri, Kentucky, West Virginia, Maryland and Delaware.

92 Divided We Stand!

93 Fort Sumter

94 Fort Sumter On April 12, 1861, General P.G.T. Beauregard, in command of the Confederate forces around Charleston Harbor, opened fire on the Union garrison holding Fort Sumter. At 2:30pm on April 13 Major Robert Anderson, garrison commander, surrendered the fort and was evacuated the next day.

95 Not sure how to fight brother vs. brother
580 total troops (US 80; CS est. 500) The bombardment of Fort Sumter was the opening engagement of the American Civil War. Although there were no casualties during the bombardment, one Union artillerist was killed and three wounded (one mortally) when a cannon exploded prematurely while firing a salute during the evacuation on April 14.