FRESHWATER
FISH LIST
an alphabetic scientific name list of the
world’s freshwater fishes and an overview
of the scientific names used in the
aquarium literature
Seventeenth edition
Dr. Richard van der Laan
2016
© 2016, Richard van der Laan, ALMERE,
The Netherlands
An alphabetic name list of freshwater fishes
Preface
During more than forty years my brother and I tried to keep up with the aquaristic literature and to stay
up to date with the scientific names of the freshwater fishes. Over the years we collected many scientific
and common names. With the publication of Bill Eschmeyer’s Catalog of Fishes we could check our list
and with the help of some recent regional freshwater fish checklists we could transfer our data to the
present list.
Apart from the historical overview of the freshwater fishes available to the aquarium hobby during the
last century (or at least the scientific names used by aquarists), it proved more and more intriguing to
try to identify the described fish in question (although it was not always possible). Also keeping track of
the numerous name changes (made necessary by scientific research) was a tremendous challenge.
To reach some kind of ordering, the classification of the fishes needed to be studied too. This part of
the zoological science is also rapidly changing.
With the alphabetical list one can locate the currently valid scientific name, the correct spelling of that
name and the position of the species in the zoological classification system. Also one can check if there
has been any confusion with the name. With the references one can see the occurrence of the scientific
names in the aquarium hobby during the last century.
Although the aquarium histories are different in the various countries (in 2006, the 200th anniversary of
Roßmäßler, German aquarists already celebrated 150 years of keeping aquaria and freshwater fishes!),
there was a somewhat simultaneous development through exchange of data and / or of aquarium
fishes. Because a lot of aquarium fish descriptions and figures were copied, it has not been possible to
track the occurrence of the aquarium fish species in certain countries.
I would like to thank my brother Paul van der Laan, who worked with me over such a long period of time
on the “fish name problem” and of course many loving kisses to my wife Hana for caring for us during
that work.
I am indebted to Harro Hieronimus for his correction of the German text and for making the publication
of this work possible.
For the 14th edition I added many names of newly described species and some new citations, corrected
many mistakes and updated the Dutch language bibliography. Special thanks to Herman Meeus for
helping me with the Flemish aquarium history.
With the excellent books of Ad Konings I could correct the cichlid names from Lake Malawi and Lake
Tanganyika. And, new in the 15th edition, I highlighted all the unknown species in red, to improve clarity.
Finally, for the 16th edition, I was able to cite the instalments of the famous work of Holly, Meinken and
Rachow with the publication dates recently researched by Axel Zarske and Heinz Berkenkamp.
This updated 17th edition will probably be the last edition of the Freshwater Fish List. Work on the CAS
Catalog of Fishes database is likely to consume all my spare time in the future.
I hope we have made a useful list for every-one who is trying to connect some aquaristic article or book
reference with a scientific fish name.
Richard van der Laan, ALMERE, The Netherlands, January 2016.
Dedication
We would like to dedicate this work to all those ichthyologists who have shared or who are sharing their
knowledge with the (name-struggling) aquarists.
1
Richard van der Laan: Freshwater Fish List 3-1-2016
J. R. Norman (1931), A History of Fishes, p.370:
2
Richard van der Laan: Freshwater Fish List 3-1-2016
SUMMARY
An alphabetic list with the scientific names of all known recent freshwater fish species is presented.
Also listed are the English and Dutch vernacular names in use for freshwater fishes and the various
English (common) names of the freshwater aquarium fishes.
The aim of this publication is six-fold:
to list the currently valid and correctly written scientific name of every recent freshwater fish species;
to stimulate the use of correctly written scientific names;
to list Dutch and some frequently used English vernacular names of freshwater aquarium fishes and
freshwater aquacultural fishes;
to list some scientific names wrongly used by aquarists;
to present some aquarium book citations;
to present an overview of the freshwater and brackish water fishes recorded during the last century
in various aquarium books.
Although many scientific names are likely to change with scientific progress, we nevertheless present
the list of currently valid scientific names now. This current list can already be used for finding the
currently valid names and the correct spelling of these names. Further it cites the use of the names in
the aquarium literature and the list also provides an overview of the known species of freshwater fish.
We hope the freshwater fish name list will stimulate the use of correctly written scientific names and
bring some stabilization in the use of common names.
Zusammenfassung
Eine alphabetische Liste mit den wissenschaftlichen Namen aller rezenten Süßwasserfische der Welt
ist zusammengestellt worden. Auch werden die vielfach verwendeten holländischen und englischen
Namen erwähnt.
Diese Veröffentlichung hat einen mehrfachen Zweck, nämlich:
das Erstellen einer Liste mit richtig geschriebenen Namen für jede rezente Süßwasserfischart;
den Gebrauch von richtig geschriebenen wissenschaftlichen Namen zu propagieren;
die Erwähnung vielfach verwendeter englischer und holländischer Namen von Süßwasserfischen
und wirtschaftlich genutzten Süßwasserfischen;
einige wissenschaftliche Namen, welche in der Fachliteratur falsch verwendet sind, zu erfassen;
einige Aquaristik-Fachbuchzitate aufzulisten;
die Präsentation einer Übersicht von Süßwasser- und Brackwasserfischarten, welche während des
letzten Jahrhunderts in vielen Aquarienbüchern genannt sind.
Obwohl viele wissenschaftlichen Namen noch möglicherweise geändert werden (durch ständige
Recherchen), ist es jedoch wichtig die Liste jetzt zu präsentieren. Mit dieser Liste kann man sich schon
die heute gültigen Namen und die richtige Rechtschreibung dieser Namen merken. Ebenso kann man
sich die Benutzung der Namen in der aquaristische Literatur ermitteln und gleichzeitig bekommt man
eine Übersicht über die heute anerkannten Süßwasserfischarten der Welt.
Wir hoffen dass diese Namenliste der Süßwasserfische die richtige Schreibung der wissenschaftlichen
Namen fördert und die Verwendung einigermaßen standarisierter holländischer und englischer Namen
der Aquarienfische unterstützt.
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Richard van der Laan: Freshwater Fish List 3-1-2016
Samenvatting
Een alfabetische lijst met de wetenschappelijke namen voor alle recente zoetwatervissoorten van de
wereld is opgesteld. Verder worden de veelgebruikte Nederlandse namen voor enige zoetwatervissen
vermeld, alsmede enige Engelse namen van veelvoorkomende zoetwateraquariumvissen en van de,
voor consumptie gekweekte, zoetwatervissen.
Het doel van deze lijst is zesvoudig:
het vermelden van de nu geldige en juist geschreven wetenschappelijke naam voor iedere recente
soort zoetwatervis;
het gebruik van correct gespelde wetenschappelijke namen te stimuleren;
het vermelden van Nederlandse namen en enige veelgebruikte Engelse namen voor
zoetwateraquariumvissen en voor consumptie gekweekte zoetwatervissen;
het vermelden van enige wetenschappelijke namen die door aquariumhouders verkeerd gebruikt
werden;
het vermelden van enige verwijzingen naar aquariumboeken;
het geven van een overzicht van de zoetwater- en brakwateraquariumvissen die in de laatste
honderd jaar vermeld werden in diverse aquariumboeken.
Hoewel vele wetenschappelijke namen nog gewijzigd zullen worden door voortschrijdend
wetenschappelijk onderzoek, lijkt het ons toch nuttig om een lijst met de nu geldige wetenschappelijke
namen te presenteren. Behalve de nu geldige namen en de juiste spelling van deze namen, kan de lijst
ook gebruikt worden om de gebruikte namen in de aquariumliteratuur te achterhalen. Verder geeft de
opsomming ook een overzicht van de al bekende soorten zoetwatervis.
We hopen dat de zoetwatervis-naamlijst zal bijdragen aan het juist schrijven van de wetenschappelijke
namen en het gebruik van enigszins gestandaardiseerde Nederlandse namen zal stimuleren.
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Richard van der Laan: Freshwater Fish List 3-1-2016
Table of contents
SUMMARY --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
SAMENVATTING --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7
1.1 SCIENTIFIC NAMES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
1.2 COMMON NAMES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15
1.3 EXAMPLES FROM THE LIST----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19
1.4 GENUS AND SPECIES VALIDITY------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------23
1.5 AQUARIUM HISTORY----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------35
1.5.1 AQUARIUM AND FISH BOOKS & SOME HISTORICALLY IMPORTANT ARTICLES ----------------------------------------------------------------37
1.5.2 AQUARIUM MAGAZINES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------63
CHAPTER TWO A CLASSIFICATION OF THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF THE WORLD ----------------------------------------------------67
INTRODUCTION ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------67
EINLEITUNG ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------68
INLEIDING -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------68
OUTLINE OF THE FRESHWATER FISH CLASSIFICATION-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------77
Petromyzontiformes -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------79
Myliobatiformes ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------79
Ceratodontiformes ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------80
Polypteriformes -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------80
Acipenseriformes -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------80
Lepisosteiformes ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------81
Amiiformes -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------81
Anguilliformes ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------81
Hiodontiformes --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------82
Osteoglossiformes ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------82
Clupeiformes -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------83
Gonorynchiformes ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------84
Cypriniformes ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------84
Gymnotiformes --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------91
Characiformes ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------92
Siluriformes -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------96
Lepidogalaxiiformes ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 102
Galaxiiformes -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 102
Salmoniformes ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 102
Osmeriformes -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 103
Percopsiformes ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 104
Gadiformes ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 104
Ophidiiformes -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 105
Batrachoidiformes -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 105
Gobiiformes ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 105
Syngnathiformes ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 108
Synbranchiformes -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 108
Anabantiformes ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 109
Pleuronectiformes -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 110
Cichliformes ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 111
Atheriniformes------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 114
Beloniformes --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 115
Cyprinodontiformes ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 115
Mugiliformes --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 117
Blenniiformes -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 118
5
Table of contents
Uranoscopiformes -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 120
Spariformes ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 120
Tetraodontiformes ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 120
Centrarchiformes --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 121
Perciformes ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 122
CHAPTER THREE REFERENCES IN THE FRESHWATER FISH LIST --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 123
CHAPTER FOUR FRESHWATER FISH NAMES---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 135
A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 135
B ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 227
C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 267
D------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 349
E ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 365
F ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 391
G------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 403
H------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 439
I -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 503
J-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 509
K ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 513
L ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 519
M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 563
N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 609
O ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 639
P ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 663
Q ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 763
R ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 765
S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 791
T ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 847
U------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 885
V ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 887
W ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 891
X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 893
Y ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 901
Z ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 903
APPENDIX: THE FRESHWATER AQUATIC HOBBY LITERATURE IN THE LOW COUNTRIES------------------------------------------- 907
In the Netherlands -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 907
In Flanders ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 917
The Dutch freshwater aquarium bibliography -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 921
INDEX --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 939
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Richard van der Laan: Freshwater Fish List 3-1-2016
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION
In this publication1 it is attempted to list alphabetically the scientific names of all the freshwater fish
species in the world. In this work a freshwater fish is a fish species that does not spend all of its life in
marine and occasionally brackish water.
The listed freshwater fishes include2:
primary freshwater fishes, groups which have evolved in freshwaters since the early teleosts
moved into them, are confined to them and cannot tolerate seawater (the strictly freshwater fishes;
for example of, Dipnoiformes, Polypteridae, Osteoglossiformes, the Otophysi excluding the
secondarily marine species, Esocidae, or Percopsiformes);
secondary freshwater fishes, groups now confined to freshwater but of estuarine / marine origin
and relatively tolerant of seawater for short periods (for example of, Potamotrygonidae, Cichlidae,
Cyprinodontiformes, Bedotiidae, Melanotaeniidae or Adrianichthyidae);
freshwater representatives of “marine families” (primary-like freshwater fishes, for example of,
Clupeidae, Engraulidae, Pristigasteridae, Pellonidae, Belonidae, Sciaenidae, Gobioidei or
Tetraodontidae);
fish species of “secondary freshwater fish families” living in a hyperhaline (waters with salinity >40
ppt) or highly alkaline environment (not marine; for example of, Cyprinodontidae, Mugilidae or
Cichlidae);
diadromous fishes making regular migrations from salt to freshwater or vice versa at different
stages of the life history3. For example: some anadromous species (breeding in freshwater and
growing up and maturing in the sea) of Petromyzontidae, Acipenseridae, Clupeidae, Salmonidae or
Osmeridae; some catadromous species (breeding in seawater and growing up and maturing in
freshwater) of Anguillidae, Mugilidae or Kuhliidae; some amphidromous species (breeding in
freshwater, the larvae feed and grow at sea followed by the returning of the juveniles to freshwater,
where they mature and spawn) of Galaxiidae, Prototroctinae, Syngnathidae, Eleotridae, Butidae,
Sicydiinae, Ambassidae or Cheimarrichthyidae;
some euryhaline members of marine families (the freshwater/seawater-tolerant fishes; for
example of, Atheriniformes, Mugilidae, Gerreidae, Haemulidae, Lutjanidae, Pomacentridae,
Sillaginidae, Sparidae, Gobioidei or Pleuronectoidei).
The names of freshwater sharks (Carcharhinidae) and freshwater sawfishes (Pristidae) have been
omitted.
In the case of the fishes occurring in brackish waters we have somewhat arbitrarily drawn a boundary
between listed “freshwater species” (= occurring in fresh and brackish waters or occurring in fresh,
brackish and marine waters) and excluded marine species which enter only very sporadically bays,
mangrove estuaries and tidal creeks and rivers (this decision may be somewhat biased by our aquaristic
1
This publication is disclaimed for purposes of Zoological Nomenclature in accordance with the International Code of
Zoological Nomenclature, Fourth Edition, Articles 8.3 and 8.4. No new names or nomenclatural changes are available from
statements in this publication.
2 See for a list of “freshwater fish families”: P. J. Darlington 1957, Zoogeography: the geographical distribution of animals,
Wiley, New York, US, p. 102-122; T. M. Berra 2001, Freshwater Fish Distribution, Academic Press, San Diego, US, 604
pp.
3
See for definitions: R. M. McDowall 1997, The evolution of diadromy in fishes (revisited) and its place in phylogenetic
analysis. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 7: 443-462; R. M. McDowall 2004, Ancestry and amphidromy in island
freshwater fish faunas. Fish and Fisheries, 5: 75-85; R. M. McDowall 2007, On amphidromy, a distinct form of diadromy in
aquatic organisms. Fish and Fisheries, 8: 1-13; L. R. Parenti 2008, Life history patterns and biogeography: an interpretation
of diadromy in fishes. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 95: 232-247; S. Watanabe et al. 2014, Tropical and temperate
freshwater amphidromy: a comparison between life history characteristics of Sicydiinae, ayu, sculpins and galaxiids. Reviews
in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 24 (1): 1-14.
7
Introduction
mind).
We list most species recorded in Eschmeyer’s online Catalog4 with the notation [Habitat: freshwater,
brackish, marine] and we list some species with the Catalog notation [Habitat: brackish, marine].
The estuarine species belonging to, Acanthuridae, Albulidae, Antennariidae, Arripidae, Balistidae,
Carangidae, Chaetodontidae, Chanidae, Congridae, Dactyloscopidae, Diodontidae, Drepanidae,
Elopidae, Ephippididae, Girellidae, Gymnuridae, Harpadontidae, Hexagrammidae, Hippocampinae,
Kyphosidae, Labridae, Labrisomidae, Leiognathidae, Leptobramidae, Leptoscopidae, Lobotidae,
Megalopidae, Mullidae, Muraenesocidae, Myliobatididae, Platycephalidae, Pseudochromidae,
Rhinopteridae, Scombridae, Scorpaenidae, Serranidae, Siganidae, Sphyraenidae, Synanceidae,
Synodontidae, Triacanthidae, Trichiuridae, Tripterygiidae and Urolophidae are understood by us as
marine, so their names do not appear in the list.
According to our somewhat broad definition of freshwater fishes about sixteen thousand living species
of freshwater fish are already described (we list more than 1.6·104 currently considered valid scientific
species names). In 1970 Cohen reported an estimate of 8,390 species5. Nelson (1976, p. 3) reported
6,851 freshwater species, in 1994 (p. 5) he reported the following numbers: 9,966 freshwater species
and 10,465 species using freshwater and in 2006 (p. 5) he stated 11,952 freshwater species and 12,457
species using freshwater.
Lévêque et al.6 report for the year 2005: 12,740 species in freshwater and 15,062 species in fresh and
brackish waters.
It is estimated that more than thousand species of freshwater fish still have to be described7,8.
The aquarium hobby has expanded tremendously over the past 60 years with millions of hobbyists
worldwide. This generates a large aquarium trade, over 1 billion ornamental fishes comprising more
than 4000 freshwater and 1400 marine species are traded internationally each year! And this trade also
generates an effect on natural populations9. Also the aquarium trade is one of the main vectors of nonnative species introduction in natural aquatic systems worldwide.
Although a lot of hobbyists do not care much about the names of their fishes (or give them nick-names),
a large and still growing group of serious hobbyists are giving great care to the scientific names they
use.
This is especially true for the aquarists who specialize in certain fish groups like catfishes, killifishes or
cichlids. Besides the scientific name they often add the locality name where the fishes came from, so
making it possible to keep the different strains of fishes pure.
Keeping strains of fishes pure is especially vital for those fishes who are extirpated in the wild and
maybe some day can be returned to a suitable habitat in the wild. See for example the International
Killifish Conservation Program http://ikcp.killi.org (or www.pupfish.net/dsac) or more examples in
Maceda-Veiga, A. et al. 20149.
For all those purposes it is very important to communicate with the correct (and the same!) names.
Maybe the list can also be of any use in defining fishes as ornamental or not10.
We hope our list is of some use to the serious aquarist.
4
Eschmeyer, W. N. and R. Fricke (eds), Catalog of Fishes, California Academy of Sciences, electronic version (3 Jan. 2016):
http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp
5
Cohen, D. M. 1970, How many Recent fishes are there? Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th series, 38
(17): 341-346.
6
Lévêque, C. et al. 2008, Global diversity of fish (Pisces) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia, 595: 545-567.
7 Lundberg, J. G. et al. 2000, So many fishes, so little time: An overview of recent ichthyological discovery in continental
waters. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 87 (1): 26-62.
8 Reis, R. E., S. O. Kullander & C. J. Ferraris, Jr. (organizers) 2003, Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central
America (CLOFFSCA), EDIPUCRS, Porto Alegre, BR, 729 pp.; Ready, J. S. et al. 2006, Colour forms of Amazonian cichlid
fish represent reproductively isolated species. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 19: 1139-1148.
9
Gerstner, C. L. et al. 2006, Effects of the freshwater aquarium trade on wild fish populations in differentially-fished areas
of the Peruvian Amazon. Journal of Fish Biology, 68: 862-875; Maceda-Veiga, A. et al. 2014, The aquarium hobby: can
sinners become saints in freshwater fish conservation? Fish and Fisheries, in press, doi: 10.1111/faf.12097.
10
Pelicice, F. M. & A. A. Agostinho 2005, Perspectives on ornamental fisheries in the upper Paraná River flooodplain, Brazil.
Fisheries Research, 72: 109-119.
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Richard van der Laan: Freshwater Fish List 3-1-2016
1.1 Scientific names
A scientific name is a name proposed in the context of zoological nomenclature for scientific purpose
and correctly described according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature as an
available name. Scientific names published after 1 January 2000 must adhere to the fourth edition of
this Code11 to be available. This zoological Code describes a number of rules to name an animal taxon,
in our case a fish species, fish genus or fish family. There are rules for the nomenclatural availability,
rules for the taxonomic allocation and rules for the nomenclatural validity of a particular taxon.
Nowadays everybody agrees that biology requires a precise, coherent and simple system for the
naming of organisms to be used internationally, dealing both with the nomenclatural terms and with the
scientific names that are applied to the individual taxonomic groups of organisms. To cover all kinds of
organisms, whether prokaryotic or eukaryotic (bacteria, fungi, plants or animals), fossil or non-fossil,
and of fossil traces of organism (ichnotaxa), a new draft for a BioCode12 was published in 2011. The
BioCode initiative represents a concerted effort, by biologists intimately involved in the operation of the
current system of separate codes13, to devise a unified approach to the future naming of organisms of
all kinds. This need has become pressing in view of common issues that the separate organismal codes
now have to address, consequent on the rapid changes taking place in global informatics, database
architecture, molecular systematics and ecology, and electronic publication.
Once accepted the code will give rules for the naming of all organisms.
A taxon is a grouping of organisms (a classificatory unit) under a given name. The taxon is the
classificatory concept (see further) and the name is the label, by which a taxon can be unambiguously
designated.
The scientific name serves as a tool for the storage and retrieval of the biological and non-biological
information attached to the taxon.
The scientific name of a species is a combination of two Latin or latinized names (a binomen). The first
name is called the generic name (a genus-group name) and the second the specific name (a speciesgroup name, also known as the species epithet). Both names must be written in italics. Generic names
must always begin with a capital letter; specific names must always begin with a lower-case letter. In
the latinized names no diacritic marks, apostrophes, dieresis or hyphens can be used (except if the first
element is a Latin letter used to denote descriptively a character of the taxon: y-ophorus and x-punctatus
as stated by article 32.5.2.4.3 of the Code11).
Some specific names commemorate people. These so called patronyms normally end in —ae if named
for a woman (i.e., Trewavas → trewavasae), end in —i if named for a man (i.e., Günther → guentheri)
or —ii in some old names formed from the latinized name of a man (i.e., Cuvier → cuvieri and Cuvierius
→ cuvierii), end in —orum if named for men (or woman and man) and end in —arum if named for
women. However, these special endings (suffixes) are just recommendations and language sensitive,
therefore they should never be emended. So the original spelling of a specific name based on a
personal name must not be changed14.
If the specific name is a Latin adjective or participle in the nominative singular, it must agree in gender
with the generic name (article 31.2 of the Code11). So an adjective can change with gender (and it can
have different terminations) and a noun can not. If the original describer did not indicate whether he or
she regarded the specific name as a noun or as an adjective and the evidence of usage is not decisive,
the name is to be treated as a noun in apposition to the genus name (article 31.2.2 of the Code11). Then
the spelling of the specific name is not changed if it is combined with a generic name of a different
gender. For instance if the gender is masculine the specific name would be maculatus, if feminine
maculata and if neuter maculatum (e.g., pulcher, pulchra and pulchrum; gracilis, gracilis and gracile;
11
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1999, International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 4th ed.,
International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, UK, 306 pp. [www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted-sites/iczn/code/]
12
http://www.mapress.com/bionomina/content/2011/f/bn00003p044.pdf
13
Besides the zoological code, there are codes for naming plants (the botanical code), cultivated plants (the cultivated
plants code), bacteria (the bacteriological code) and virusses (the virological code).
14
Dubois, A. 2007, Genitives of species and subspecies nomina derived from personal names should not be emended.
Zootaxa, 1550: 49-68.
9
Scientific names
—ensis, —ensis and —ense; —alis, —alis and —ale; —fer, —fera and —ferum). Changes in the
generic name are so reflected in the specific name, for instance Aphyosemion nigerianum (neuter) and
Fundulopanchax nigerianus (masculine). The gender of the genera can be found in Eschmeyer’s
Catalog of Fishes4.
Sometimes subspecies are distinguished and a subspecific name is added forming a trinomen, for
example Fundulopanchax mirabilis mirabilis (the nominotypical taxon, the oldest name) and
Fundulopanchax mirabilis moensis.
Some authors do not believe in subspecies. They think subspecies are just populations of a species
(geographical units, sometimes called races or strains) or, if judged different, separate species and do
not use a trinomen. Biological species concepts tend to emphasize continuity, favoring recognition of
geographic variation at the subspecific level, while more recent phylogenetic species concepts
emphasize divergence, favoring recognition of geographic variants as full species. So the adhered
species taxon concept15 leads to differences in species recognition.
A fish species is a segment of a population-level lineage that is separate from other such lineage
segments as indicated by one or more of various possible criteria (e.g., distinguishability, reproductive
isolation, monophyly, exclusivity, etc.). A lineage is a series of fishes that form a single unbroken and
unbranched sequence of ancestors and descendants.
Most ichthyologists agree more or less with the biological, the phylogenetic or the evolutionary species
taxon (= the unit used to describe biodiversity in nature).
A biological fish species is a group of actually or potentially interbreeding natural fish populations
which are genetically isolated from other such groups of fishes.
A phylogenetic fish species is the smallest recognizable organismal unit in a phylogenetic genealogy.
It is a diagnosable sample of (observed or inferred) life cycles, represented by exemplars, hypothesized
to attach to the same node in a cladogram, and which are not structured into other similarly diagnosable
clusters (so the fish species are exclusive).
A cladogram is a dichotomous phylogenetic tree that branches repeatedly, suggesting the
classification of fishes (or molecules) based on the time sequence in which evolutionary branches arise.
The endpoints of the branches represent specific species of fishes. It is used to illustrate phylogenetic
relationships and to show points at which various fish species have diverged from common ancestral
forms.
An evolutionary fish species is an entity composed of fishes that maintain its identity from other
entities through time and over space and that has its own independent evolutionary fate and historical
tendencies.
Some authors more or less combine the latter two and recognize as species: geographically bounded
sets of populations that are distinct in morphological traits or are reproductively isolated from congeners,
with or without corresponding molecular divergence.
In any case all share the fundamental idea that fish species are segments of lineages at the population
level of biological organization (the truly theoretical evolutionary species concept) and the fish species
is considered as a terminal in a phylogeny. A phylogeny is the history of the evolution of a given lineage
of fishes.
Furthermore the taxon concept must offer a method of recognizing and delimiting species taxa. See
Kottelat (1997), Turner16, Kullander17, de Pinna18, Seegers19 and Fish and Fisheries 3 issue 3 (September 2002) for further discussion.
15
Bock, W. J. 2004, Species: the concept, category and taxon. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research,
42: 178-190.
16
Turner, G. F. 1999, What is a fish species? Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 9: 281-297.
17
Kullander, S. O. 1999, Fish species – how and why. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 9: 325-352.
18
de Pinna, M. C. C. 1999, Species concepts and phylogenetics. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 9: 353-373.
19
Seegers, L. 2004, Die Evolution der Sodacichliden in Ostafrika 4: Der Artbegrif. Aquaristik Fachmagazin, 36 (2) Nr. 176:
55-60.
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Richard van der Laan: Freshwater Fish List 3-1-2016
Maybe a unified concept of species20 can bring more coherence in the future, or not21.
Because recognition of species taxa depends on many arbitrary decisions (especially when dealing
with broad geographical and temporal ranges) the taxa can be treated differently, so the scientific
names of the various freshwater fishes can vary according to different opinions.
Atypical species which may or may not be the same as the typical species are sometimes named with
the abbreviations cf. (conferre = looks like) or sp. aff. (species affinis = closely related species) between
the generic and the specific name, for example Crenicichla sp. aff. regani. These names are listed by
us under the typical names (Crenicichla regani).
The scientific name is sometimes followed by a name (or names) and date. These are the surname(s)
of the original author(s) (the describer(s)) and the year of publication of that species description. We
use a comma interposed between the name(s) and the date (as is still usual in ichthyology). We list up
to four describers, if more we list the first describer followed by et al. (= and others). If the original
description was published in an article or book with different authors, the name of the describer(s) can
be followed by the authors of the publication. For instance Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829. This
makes the retrieval of the original publication easier. The publication date given is the actual date of
the published description (as far as can be ascertained), which can be different from the date on the
publication. This makes retrieval of the original publication more difficult.
In the name list we only mention the actual describer(s) and the year of the publication (to safe space).
The citation of the original description of most fishes can nowadays easily be found in Eschmeyer’s
Catalog of Fishes4. We list Agassiz as the author of the new fish species names in Spix & Agassiz
1829/1831 (following Kottelat22, except the case of Cynodon Spix, 1829, see opinion 2012 of the ICZN)
and we use Bloch, 1801 or Schneider, 1801 (and three times Forster, 1801) conform Karrer et al.23 and
Kottelat (2013). We use Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1810 following Wheeler (1988) and Dubois (2008).24
If the species was described in a different genus, then the name(s) of the describer(s) and the year of
publication must be written between parentheses. No parentheses are used if the generic name was
not written correctly.
In the list the currently considered valid species names are highlighted in bold.
Sometimes a genus is split up in subgenera and the name of the subgenus is written after the genus
name between parentheses, for instance Austrolebias (Argolebias) and Austrolebias (Austrolebias).
Austrolebias Costa, 1998 is the oldest name (created by Costa in 1998; Argolebias by Costa in 2008)
and this taxon is then called the nominotypical subgenus, usually simply written as Austrolebias.
However, some workers prefer to separate a monophyletic group (= a taxon comprised of two or more
fish species that includes the ancestral fish species and all and only the descendants of that ancestral
fish species) as a genus and don’t use the subgenus notation.
If the genus in the list has been written between single quotation marks, for instance 'Hyphessobrycon'
(for the American tetras not belonging to the genus Hyphessobrycon sensu stricto), it means that the
genus is known to be polyphyletic and has to be split up in monophyletic genera, however this has not
yet been done. In the (near?) future the listed species will probably be assigned to other genera.
Genus-group names are singular in usage in a formal grammatical sense, for instance “Aphanius is
found in …” but “the species of Aphanius are found in …”. Family-group names are plural in usage in
a formal grammatical sense, for instance “Cyprinidae are found in ...” or “the species of the Poeciliidae
have been …”.
20
Queiroz, K. de 2005, A unified concept of species and its consequences for the future of taxonomy. Proceedings of the
California Academy of Sciences, 56 (Supplement I): 196-215; Naomi, S.-I. 2011, On the integrated frameworks of species
concepts: Mayden’s hierarchy of species concepts and de Queiroz’s unified concept of species. Journal of Zoological
Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 49 (3): 177-184.
21
Dubois, A. 2011, Species and “strange species” in zoology: Do we need a “unified concept of species”? Comptes Rendus
Palevol, 10: 77-94.
22
Kottelat, M. 1988, Authorship, dates of publication, status and types of Spix and Agassiz’s Brazilian fishes. Spixiana, 11
(1): 69-93.
23
Karrer, C., P. J. P. Whitehead & H.-J. Paepke 1994, Bloch & Schneider’s Systema Ichthyologiae, 1801: History and
Autorship of Fish Names. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 70 (1): 99-111.
24
a) Wheeler, A. C. 1988, An appraisal of the Zoology of C. S. Rafinesque. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 45 (1): 612; b) Dubois, A. 2008, Authors of zoological publications and nomina are signatures, not persons. Zootaxa, 1771: 63-68.
11
Scientific names
In the name list currently valid genera have been highlighted in bold, followed by a statement (written
between brackets) to which family and subfamily the genus has been assigned. It is wise to realize that
the classification of fishes is in a state of flux and many changes in the classification are expected in
the near future. Also a lot of species and genera remain to be described (Lundberg et al. 20007, Reis
et al. 20038). The biodiversity of aquatic habitats ranks among the most poorly known, especially in
tropical and subtropical regions. This lack of knowledge includes the basic systematics, taxonomy and
phylogenetic relationships of the fishes and their ecologies.
↔ behind a genus name in the list means a lot of shifting of species between the genera has occurred.
So if you are looking for a particular specific name it is wise to look under the other genus name(s) too.
A group of closely related species is sometimes called a species group or species complex (the taxon
supraspecies might be used for this category, see chapter 2). The oldest species name is commonly
used to designate such a group, for example the sexfasciatus species group of the genus Epiplatys.
Scientific names need to be changed as taxonomic insight changes. If a species is found to belong to
another genus, the first name changes. As we have already remarked, sometimes the ending of the
second name must be changed too to agree in gender.
If an older scientific name has been discovered (caused by synonymisation of two names or when an
older available name has been found) the second name changes (the older name is given priority).
Further the scientific name must be unique to the animal kingdom (so a newly created name must never
have been used before; the existence of a name can nowadays easily be checked on
uio.mbl.edu/NomenclatorZoologicus/ or www.organismnames.com). If there are two exactly the same
names, then one name must be changed.
See Kottelat (1997) for an explanation of the scientific naming of fishes.
Maybe it will be possible in the future to achieve more name-stability by making a list of available
names25 (article 79 of the Code11).
Man uses several categories (called taxa; the plural of taxon, a grouping of organisms) to express the
relationships of living organisms. A conception of all those relationships is called a classification. A
biological classification depicts the phylogenetic (genealogical) relationships between organisms.
The modern system of classification is the hierarchical system proposed in the eighteenth century by
Carl von Linné (also known by his Latin name Carolus Linnaeus). Species are classified in the Linnaean
system on the basis of an evaluation of their anatomical similarities and differences. These discrete
characters have to be homologous, independent and variable. Anatomically similar species are grouped
together in a common taxonomic category (a rank) and separated from those that are anatomically
different. Therefore, taxonomic relationship is based on degree of structural similarity.
Ranking is the placement of a taxon in the appropriate category in the hierarchy of categories. It is
important to understand that categorical ranks are kinds and not taxa. So when we refer to the family
Characidae, we are referring to a particular taxon (Charax and relatives) ranked as a family and not to
the categorical rank of family.
A taxonomic category can be assigned to a nomenclatural rank as regulated by the Code11 (the ranked
categories, for example: species, genus, family) or not (unranked categories, for example: species
group, sibling species, variety, morph, plesion).
The natural classification of a group is the classification supported by the greatest agreement of the
character state distributions. The goal of classification is the organization of knowledge. The function of
a classification is the same as that of names and nomenclature, namely a tool for information retrieval
and for safeguarding understanding of the relationships between organisms.
Systematics is the science of organic diversity. It is the study of the kinds and diversity of organisms
and of the relationships between them. In systematics the search of monophyletic units and of sister
group relationships is an important part of primary research. The derived hypotheses of the
interrelations between species are subject to falsification and to change.
In contrast, classifications are a secondary step, as they are derived from such hypotheses.
Classifications are sometimes based on different philosophies, which permit different solutions as to
25
Eschmeyer, W. N. 2003, Introduction to the series Annotated Checklists of Fishes, California Academy of Sciences
Annotated Checklists of Fishes No. 1, 5 pp.
12
Richard van der Laan: Freshwater Fish List 3-1-2016
how results in the fields of taxonomy (a specialized branch of biology which studies the rules and
procedures used in describing, naming and classifying species) and phylogenetics (the evolutionary
relationships between organisms) can be transposed into a taxonomic system.
Also the taxonomic system should display a kind of robustness, so that every new discovery or
hypothesis should not be liable to modify the whole system. Thus classifications can be different (note
that the generic classification is directly reflected in the scientific name!) and the classification is
constantly changing by ongoing research. Particularly the subtribe, tribe and subfamily allocations vary
a lot. See chapter two for the adopted classification of the various freshwater fishes.
A taxon above the species level (genus, subtribe, tribe, supertribe, subfamily, family, superfamily,
suborder, order) must consist of one word and must begin with a capital letter. A genus-group name (a
generic or subgeneric name) is written in italics, the names of the other ranks are normally written.
A genus-group name has a type species and a family-group name (a name in the family-series:
superfamily, family, subfamily, supertribe, tribe or subtribe) has a type genus. The typified higher
taxon names are formed from the stem of the type genus name (the genitive without its case-ending)
plus a suffix (= a special ending). Subtribe: +ina, tribe: +ini, (supertribe: +idi, not regulated by the Code),
subfamily: +inae, family: +idae, superfamily: +oidea [and as usual in fishes: suborder: +oidei, order:
+iformes, but these suffixes are not regulated by article 29.2 of the code11].
Rules for the determination of the stem of the type genus are described in article 29.3 of the Code 11.
For example, Cyprinus → stem: Cyprin → Cyprinina, Cyprinini, Cyprinidi, Cyprininae, Cyprinidae,
Cyprinoidea, Cyprinoidei, Cypriniformes; Charax → stem: Charac → Characina, Characini, Characidi,
Characinae, Characidae, Characoidea, Characoidei, Characiformes; Petromyzon → stem:
Petromyzont → Petromyzontidae; Cynolebias → stem: Cynolebi → Cynolebiinae; Poecilia → stem:
Poecili → Poeciliidae; Rhoadsia → stem: Rhoadsi → Rhoadsiini.
Family-group names must also be formed according to the International Code of Zoological
Nomenclature (articles 11.7, 13 and 29)11. The name can be followed by the first author(s) who coined
that name and the year of publication. The tracking down of the first author of a certain family-group
name is a difficult job as one has to check a huge amount of literature and there are various opinions
on the subject. Beginning with 2000 the author of a new family-group name must give a citation of the
name of the type genus (according to article 16.2)11 and, to make retrieval easier, it is highly
recommended to mark the name as new. A family-group name first published after 1930 and before
1961, which has been rejected by an author with the help of article 13 of the former code (the third
edition; mostly if the name was not accompanied by a description) after 1960 and before 2000, is not
available. Furthermore the family-group name does not need to be the oldest synonym and the name
of the type genus does not have to be valid anymore (of course it must be based on an available name
and not a homonym, article 39)11.
Stability of family names is very important (family names are among the most widely used of all
technical names for fishes!), so a name in general acceptance and the prevailing spelling of that name
(articles 29.3.1.1 & 29.5)11 have to be kept in usage (so we use Eleotridae and not Eleotrididae),
although it is not always easy to retrieve which spelling is in prevailing usage (Schilbeidae / Schilbidae
or —chromidinae / —chrominae). Some workers prefer grammatically correct names (derived from the
correct stem of the Greek or Latin generic name art. 29.311); e.g., Myliobatidiformes in stead of
Myliobatiformes, Engraulididae in stead of Engraulidae, —glanidinae in stead of —glaninae,
Macrotrematinae in stead of Macrotreminae.
Sadly the term usage of names (or prevailing spelling) is a difficult concept in nomenclature26. It is
certainly not wise to change a widely used family name. According to article 29.411 the original spelling
of a family-group name should, from 1999 on, not be changed.
The history of family-group names (as we now use them) goes back to the early 19th century. See
the review of Cuvier on Collection Building27 for the family names used by early workers on fish
classification. Many scientific family names were published by Rafinesque-Schmaltz (1810) and
26
Dubois, A. 2005, Proposed rules for the incorporation of nomina of higher-ranked zoological taxa in the International Code
of Zoological Nomenclature. 1. Some general questions, concepts and terms of biological nomenclature. Zoosystema, 27 (2):
365-426.
27
Pietsch, T. (Ed.) 1995: Georges Cuvier 1828, Historical Portrait of the Progress of Ichthyology, from its Origins to Our
Own Time, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, US, 366 pp.
13
Scientific names
Rafinesque (1815), Risso (1827), Bonaparte (1831–1838), Bleeker (1859, 1862 and 1863) and Günther
(1868). In chapter two we will mention the various family-group name creators. See also the publication
of Gill28 for some notes on namers of families.
With the fourth edition of the Code11 some rules on the availability of family-group names from the
third edition of the Code were changed and formerly invalid usage became valid. As the family-group
name must be clearly used to denote a suprageneric taxon, before 1900 may be stated in a not latinized
form and before 1930 the name could be proposed without a differentiating definition, there is room for
different opinions on the authorship and date of the family-group names.
The principle of coordination of the Code (article 36)11 states the same authorship and date for every
rank of the family-group name. In the adopted classification (chapter two) the current family-group
names are listed with their authors and year of publication. A preliminary list by W. N. Eschmeyer can
be consulted on the web: http://research.calacademy.org/.
The names of the families are also listed in chapter 3, followed by their position in the classification, so
the unfamiliar reader can trace the place of the family in the classification or he / she can check the
index.
The other higher rank names (suborder, order, superorder and class, the upper uninominal groupnames) are not regulated by the zoological Code (at least not yet26,29). The new BioCode12 provides
some rules for the higher rank typified names. If the Biocode comes into force, we must use for a class
the ending –opsida, for a subclass the ending -zoidae, for an order the ending –ales and for a
suborder –ineae (the suffixes for typified fish order and suborder names now widely in use are –
iformes, resp. –oidei). The non-typified names, e.g. Vertebrata or Chondrichthyes, remain unaltered.
In the adopted classification (chapter two) the higher rank names are sometimes followed by the
surname(s) of (a) scientist(s) (and year of publication) who recently (re)defined the higher taxon and
arranged the families under the mentioned suborder or order.
A clade is a group of fish species comprising a common ancestor and all of its descendants (a
monophyletic group by definition). Unfortunately sometimes a clade (defined in a phylogenetic context)
cannot be equated with a formal taxonomic rank, so it cannot be named with the current rank-based
Code as mentioned above. A solution would be the use of the PhyloCode30 (a phylogenetic code of
biological nomenclature, see www.ohiou.edu/phylocode or www.phylonames.org).
Maybe it will be possible in the future with this code to name species and clades as biological entities
in a phylogenetic context. With this naming system the name of a fish species or of a fish clade would
never change. However, the phylocode is still heavily debated, see for instance Dubois26, Minelli31,
Kraus32, and references therein. Another solution could be a compromise, i.e., naming of the clades of
life with the phylocode and naming the species (and the other code-regulated ranks) with the ICZN
Code33.
28
Gill, T. N. 1889, On the classification of the mail-cheeked fishes. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 11
(no. 756): 567-592 [namers of families on p. 591-592].
29
Alonso-Zarazaga, M. A. 2005, Nomenclature of Higher Taxa: a new approach. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 62
(4): 189-199; Dubois, A. 2005, Proposals for the incorporation of nomina of higher-ranked zoological taxa into the Code.
Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 62 (4): 200-209; Dubois, A. 2006, Proposed Rules for the incorporation of nomina of
higher-ranked zoological taxa in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 2. The proposed Rules and their
rationale. Zoosystema, 28 (1): 165-258; Dubois, A. 2006, Incorporation of nomina of higher-ranked taxa into the International
Code of Zoological Nomenclature: some basic questions. Zootaxa, 1337: 1-37.
30
Pleijel, F. & G. W. Rouse 2003, Ceci n’est pas une pipe: names, clades and phylogenetic nomenclature. Journal of
Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 41 (3): 162-174; Laurin, M. & P. D. Cantino 2004, First International
Phylogenetic Nomenclature Meeting: a report. Zoologica Scripta, 33 (5): 475-479; Pleijel, F. & M. Härlin 2004, Phylogenetic
nomenclature is compatible with diverse philosophical perspectives. Zoologica Scripta, 33 (6): 587-591; Sereno, P. C. 2005,
The logical basis of Phylogenetic Taxonomy. Systematic Biology, 54 (4): 595-619; Laurin, M. et al. 2005, The Phylocode,
types, ranks and monophyly: a response to Pickett. Cladistics, 21: 605-607; Laurin, M. & P. D. Cantino 2007, Second Meeting
of the International Society for Phylogenetic Nomenclature: a Report. Zoologica Scripta, 36: 109-117.
31
Minelli, A. 2001, Zoological nomenclature – reflections on the recent past and ideas for our future agenda. Contributions
to Zoology, 70 (3): 185-190.
32
Kraus, O. 2004, Phylogeny, classification and nomenclature: a reply to F. Pleijel and G. W. Rouse. Journal of Zoological
Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 42 (2): 159-161.
33
Hillis, D. M. 2007, Constraints in naming parts of the Tree of Life. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 42: 331-338.
14
Richard van der Laan: Freshwater Fish List 3-1-2016
1.2 Common names
A vernacular name is a name proposed in a language and used for general purposes. It is a name
with a general meaning. These names are known as common names and many fish species have
several. Common names are not capitalized in text use except for those elements that are proper names
(for example: salmon or European salmon). A proposal to treat a common name as a proper noun and
to write it accordingly with capitals was made (Nelson 2006, p. 2). When capitalized the common name
would convey recognition as a distinct, individual biological entity and the capitals would emphasize the
name in a text. However, it is still common use to write the common names in lower case.
In some countries a committee on names of fishes has been installed who can select a certain name
as the preferred common name.
Names treated by us as preferred common names are the names defined in the following publications:
Robins, C. R. et al. 1991, World Fishes Important to North Americans exclusive of species from
the Continental Waters of the United States, Special Publication 21, American Fisheries Society,
Bethesda, Maryland, US, 243 pp.
Nelson, J. S. et al. 2004, Common and Scientific Names of Fishes from the United States,
Canada, and Mexico, 6th ed., American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda,
Maryland, US, 386 pp. (with corrections: Copeia 2006 (3): 559-562).
Standard Names of Australian Fishes, CSIRO Marine Research / Fisheries Research and
Development Corporation / Seafood Services Australia, 2005 (draft 18 November 2004)
Kottelat, M. & J. Freyhof 2007, Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes, Publications Kottelat,
Cornol, CH, 646 pp.
Fricke, R., M. Bilecenoglu & H. M. Sari 2007, Annotated checklist of fish and lamprey species
(Gnathostomata and Petromyzontomorphi) of Turkey, including a Red List of threatened and
declining species, Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie A (Biologie), Nr. 706: 1-169 (plus
additions in Çiçek, Birecikligil & Fricke 2015).
Leunda, P. M. et al. 2009, International Standardization of Common Names for Iberian Endemic
Freshwater Fishes, Limnetica, 28 (2): 189-202.
Matamoros, W. A., J. F. Schaefer & B. R. Kreiser 2009, Annotated checklist of the freshwater
fishes of continental and insular Honduras, Zootaxa, 2307: 1-38.
and some of the names used by Venkateswarlu 1984, Whitehead 1985 (FAO-names), Whitehead et al.
1988 (FAO-names), Allen 1991, Eccles 1992 (FAO-names), Rainboth 1996 (FAO-names), Seegers
1996, Reshetnikov et al. 1997, Bussing 1998, de Vos, Snoeks & Thys van den Audenaerde 2001,
Konurbaev & Timirkhanov 2003, Seegers et al. 2003, Taphorn 2003, Chen & Chang 2005, Ocock et al.
2006, Scott et al. 2006, Anna Mercy et al. (2007), Seegers 2008, Vidthayanon 2008, Hanel, Plíštil &
Novák 2009, Hensen, Ploeg & Fosså 201034, plus some frequently used FAO-names (= a name in use
by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations).
In the list the common names are written after the scientific name and placed between double
quotation marks ("). After the preferred common name and some English names used by aquarists, the
common names of Japanese freshwater fishes in Japanese (from Shiino 1972, Yuma et al. 1998 and
Sakai et al. 2001) and the preferred common names of Mexican freshwater fishes in Spanish (from
Nelson et al. 2004) are mentioned. At last we will mention the Dutch (or South African) name.
More common names can readily be found on the Internet, for instance at FishBase [Froese, R. & D.
Pauly (eds.) 2013, FishBase, World Wide Web electronic publication: www.fishbase.org/search.php].
This database contains more than 302,100 common names in over 100 languages and is still growing.
Some dictionaries and encyclopedias with fish names are mentioned in: G. H. Bell & D. B. Rhodes
1994, A Guide to the Zoological Literature, Libraries Unlimited, Englewood, Colorado, US, pp. 179.
Multilingual common names for European freshwater fishes can also be found in: M. Blanc, P.
34
Hensen, R. R, A. Ploeg & S. A. Fosså 2010, Standard names for freshwater fishes in the Ornamental Aquatic Industry,
Ornamental Fish International Educational Publication 5, OFI, Maarssen, The Netherlands, 145 pp. [it is a pity the authors
did not find time to standardize the common names too!]
15
Common names
Bănărescu, J.-L. Gaudet & J.-C. Hureau 1971, European Inland Water Fish (A multilingual catalogue),
Fishing News (Books) Ltd / FAO, London, 24+ pp. and in V. E. Sokolov 1989, Dictionary of animal
names in five languages: Latin, Russian, English, German and French, Volume Fishes, Russky Yazyk
Publ., Moscow, 733 pp.
English, French, German and Russian names can further be found in the “Freshwater Fishes of Europe”
serial work and in Ladiges & Vogt (1965). Seeley (1886) and Bauch (1963) also list a lot of common
names. Albanian names can be found in Rakaj & Flloko (1995); Croatian names in Zupančič (2008);
Czech names in Reiser (1996), Hanel & Novák (2000-2009), Hanel & Andreska (2011) and Plíštil
(2012); Dutch names in Nijssen & de Groot (1987); Finnish names in Koli (1994, 1998) and in Varjo,
Koli & Dahlström (2004); French names in Belloc (1899) and Keith & Allardi (2001); Greek names in
Economidis (1995); Hungarian names in Botta (1985) and Sevcsik & Erős (2008); Italian names in
Bruno (1987), Bianco (1995) and Zerunian (2004); Norwegian names in Pethon (1999); Portuguese
names in Amaça (1996), Costa Pereira (1995) and Leunda et al. (2009); Russian names in Nikolski
(1957); Slovenian names in Svetina & Verce (1969), Povž (1995), Povž et al. (1998) and Zupančič
(2008); Spanish names in Lozano (1964), Costa Pereira (1995), Elvira (1995) and Leunda et al. (2009);
Swedish names in Kullander (1999); Turkish names in Balik (1995) and Fricke, Bilecenoglu & Sari
(2007).
Variants in spelling of the English names (for example, rednose, red-nose, rednosed, red-nosed) are
not considered as separate names and have been excluded from the list. Furthermore simplicity in
names is favoured, as already outlined by the committee on names of fishes of the American Fisheries
Society / American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists (Nelson et al. 2004). Hyphens, suffixes
and apostrophes have been omitted except when they are orthographically essential (for example, blueeye, white-edge, fin-eater, silver-yellow) or join two fish names, neither of which represents the fish in
question, into a single name (eel-catfish, pike-characin, shark-catfish, shark-minnow, trout-cod or troutperch). Compounded modifying words have usually been treated as singular nouns in apposition with
a group name (as already stated we use no hyphens, for example, spottail shiner, redeye tetra). Plural
modifiers have usually been treated in adjectival form (for example, blackbanded sunfish, redstriped
eartheater) unless the plural nature is obvious (for example, twospot astyanax, threespot tilapia).
For instance the following reductions were made: blackfinned → blackfin, bluebellied → bluebelly,
bluetailed → bluetail, bluntheaded → blunthead, eightbanded → eightband, goldeneared → goldenear,
hognosed → hognose, longfinned → longfin, redtopped → redtop, shortnosed → shortnose, sixbarred
→ sixbar, tworayed → tworay, yellowcheeked → yellowcheek, etc..
As a pronunciation aid we use ~s’s in stead of ~s’, for example Myers’s Hatchetfish.
In general the order of the common names is: preferred name (English), aquaristic name(s) (English),
Japanese name (Japanese), Mexican name (Spanish), Brazilian name (Portuguese) and Dutch names
(Dutch). For example: "rainbow trout / Steelhead Trout / Redband Trout / Niji-masu / trucha arco iris /
Truta-arco-íris / Amerikaanse regenboogforel". Preferred names are written in lower case as explained
above (ram cichlid, Buenos Aires tetra). English names used by aquarists are written beginning with
capitals (Butterfly Cichlid, Redtail Tetra).
Dutch names of aquarium fishes always begin with a capital because there are no preferred Dutch
names (Antennebaarsje, Ruitenvlekzalm, Rode rio, Gele Kongozalm). For fishes of South Africa we
give the Dutch-like “Afrikaanse” name. The Dutch names given by Bleeker and contemporaries in the
nineteenth century are no longer in use and are not listed35.
Many aquarium fishes do not have a Dutch name, because in general aquarists in the Netherlands
use the scientific names. We tried to list all the Dutch common names in use, we disregard some curious
new names coined by translators (because these names are seldom adopted by aquarists).
To safe space only the frequently used English and Dutch names of the more general freshwater
aquarium fishes and of the freshwater fishes used in aquaculture are cross-referenced. With the pdfversion it does not matter, as one can simply find a name in the text with the help of the computer [Find].
German names of aquarium fishes are not given because they have already been listed in many
35
Jacques Pellegrin once complained that the aquarists did not use the old common names as proposed by La Cepède, Cuvier,
etc., but those early French names were also not adopted by aquarists.
16
Richard van der Laan: Freshwater Fish List 3-1-2016
publications (see for instance the books of Arnold & Ahl, Kramer & Weise, Krebs, Riehl & Baensch,
Stallknecht, Sterba and the various Aqualog reference fish of the world books).
Czech names of aquarium fishes can be found in Hanel & Novák (2001-2009) and on www.biolib.cz.
Danish names of aquarium fishes can be found in Laursen (1949) and in Schiøtz & Christensen (1968).
Finnish names of aquarium fishes can be found in Varjo (1982) and in Varjo, Koli & Dahlström (2004).
French names of aquarium fishes can be found in Angel (1946), Beck (1950), Copin (1960), LangelKretchmar (1972), Rousselet-Blanc (1975), Maitre-Allain (1992) and Allain et al. (2003).
Hungarian names of aquarium fishes can be found in Horn & Zsilinszky (1970, 1988).
Portuguese names of aquarium fishes can be found in de Oliveira (1977) and Santos (1987).
Russian names of aquarium fishes can be found in Machlin (1966).
Slovenian names of aquarium fishes can be found in Jerič (1984).
Spanish names of aquarium fishes can be found in Cánovas & Puigcerver (2002) (some native fish
names used in Argentina can be found in Lahille 1922 and Achenbach & Bonetto 1957).
Swedish names of aquarium fishes can be found in Aurell, Jacobsson & Lindgren (1953, 1968) and in
Fohrman (2004).
The big advantage of common names is that they can be stabilized. Hopefully the list will contribute to
that goal. A lot of aquarium fishes already have common names, so there is no real need to create more
names (which can lead to confusion).
We have selected a few aquarium and freshwater fish books that will allow the reader to look back
on more than hundred years of keeping and admiring freshwater aquarium fishes. We have selected
some important books on aquarium and freshwater fishes to cover more or less the last century, taking
in account their credibility and their general access (some books available to every-one by the Internet
http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; some books were published in various languages and then the other
language-editions can be consulted instead of the cited edition).
Unfortunately it was not possible to check if all the identifications are correct. When in doubt the
illustration was given a greater value than the description.
Sadly many illustrations were copied, so then we had to assume the used name was correct.
Regrettably many “waste-basket” names which are probably used for various fish species exist, for
instance: Potamotrygon motoro, Characidium fasciatum, Chilodus punctatus, Leporinus fasciatus,
Semaprochilodus taeniurus, Charax gibbosus, Creagrutus beni, Roeboides microlepis, Myleus
rubripinnis, Serrasalmus rhombeus, Hoplias malabaricus, Cobitis taenia, Megalechis thoracata,
Hypostomus commersoni, Hypostomus plecostomus, Hypostomus punctatus, Ancistrus dolichopterus,
Ancistrus hoplogenys, Farlowella acus, Otocinclus affinis, Rineloricaria parva, Bunocephalus
coracoideus, Malapterurus electricus, Chaca chaca, Pimelodella gracilis, Kryptopterus bicirrhis, Mystus
vittatus, Pimelodus clarias, Sorubim lima, Gymnotus carapo, Eigenmannia virescens, Poecilia
sphenops, Aequidens pulcher, Cichla ocellaris, Cichlasoma facetum, Crenicichla saxatilis, Geophagus
surinamensis, Hemichromis bimaculatus, Satanoperca jurupari, Mogurnda mogurnda, Brachygobius
nunus, Brachygobius xanthozonus.
With the citations the reader can at least notice the occurrence of some scientific names during a
century of keeping freshwater aquarium fishes. See for some more citations the Master Index of
Freshwater Fishes: www.webcityof.com/mifftitl.htm or check the vivarium-databases36 for many
German periodicals.
36
Seehaus, T. & J. Robel 2001, Die Datenbank der deutschsprachigen Periodika, cd-rom [see www.aqua-terranet.de/ATLI2/atli.htm]; Maleck, W. & D. Schuster 2004, VILAUS: Vivaristisches Literatur-Auskunftsystem, VDA, DE.
17
Common names
One of the pioneers of the aquarium hobby, Ph. H. Gosse (in 1853 / 1854), was also troubled by names
[by the way, the word aquarium was occasionally used for a water container in a green house or garden
(“an ornamental piece of water”) since at least 1808 and in some scientific studies as early as 1673]:
18
Richard van der Laan: Freshwater Fish List 3-1-2016
1.3 Examples from the list
The various entries in the list are explained in the following examples. Typical listings (between square
brackets) are as follows:
[Abbottina Jordan & Fowler, 1903 (CYPRINIDAE>Gobioninae)]
The genus Abbottina is now considered as valid and was described by Jordan & Fowler in 1903,
belongs to the family Cyprinidae and has been assigned to the subfamily Gobioninae.
[Abbottina rivularis (Basilewsky, 1855) (Aquarien Atlas Band 3 (1991):168) "Chinese false gudgeon
/ Tsuchifuki"]
The species Abbottina rivularis is currently regarded as valid and was described by Basilewsky in 1855,
but in a different genus so the name of the author (Basilewsky) and the year of publication (1855) must
be placed between parentheses. The fish has been mentioned by Riehl & Baensch in 1991 (see the list
of references in chapter 3 for the full reference) on page 168.
If the cited author(s) used a different scientific name for a species, their name is given at the beginning
of the citation. Spelling errors (e.g. gender mistakes, -us or -a or –um or –fer or -ferum) made in the
references are omitted, only a different scientific name is mentioned.
The English preferred common name (no capital letter F and G) and the Japanese vernacular name
are listed.
[Abbottina sinensis → Abbottina rivularis]
The species Abbottina sinensis is no longer considered valid, the holotype (or the lectotype or neotype)
is thought to belong to the species Abbottina rivularis. The available name Abbottina sinensis is
regarded as a synonym of the name Abbottina rivularis.
[Anacyrtus → Charax] means species of the genus Anacyrtus can be found under Charax. In most
cases (not always!) this means the former genus (Anacyrtus) has been accepted as a synonym of the
latter (Charax).
sp. means a species; ssp. means a subspecies; spp. means more than one species.
[Genus sp. Xxxx] means the species is still undescribed (so not formally named) or it is not known
which already published scientific name belongs to the mentioned fish.
Although we admit that it has little use of listing these names without a literature reference, we hope to
provide an identification in the future. These names are already in use by some workers and hopefully
the identification is in progress.
[Genus spp.] means any species of the genus.
We use the same notation as the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) to
categorize the freshwater fishes with a great risk of global extinction:
EW behind the scientific name in the list means the species is extirpated in the wild, but it still
exists as a captive population.
E behind the scientific name in the list (and sometimes behind a common name) means the
species (or local race) has been extirpated in the wild and the species is extinct.
E? means the species is believed to be extirpated in the wild.
Sadly many freshwater fishes are becoming more and more at risk of extinction37 (sometimes even
37
Harrison, I. J. & M. L. J. Stiassny 1999, The quiet crisis: a preliminary listing of the freshwater fishes of the world that are
extinct or ‘missing in action’, p. 271-331 in R. D. E. MacPhee (ed.), Extinctions in Near Time, Kluwer/Plenum press, New
York, US, 433 pp.; Duncan, J. R. & J. L. Lockwood 2001, Extinction in a field of bullets: a search for causes in the decline
of the world’s freshwater fishes. Biological Conservation, 102: 97-105; Collares-Pereira, M. J., I. G. Cowx & M. M. Coelho
(eds.) 2002, Conservation of freshwater fishes: Options for the future, Fishing News Books, Oxford, UK, 462 pp.; Dudgeon,
D. et al. 2005, Freshwater biodiversity: importance, threats, status and conservation challenges. Biological Reviews: 1-20;
Editorial 2010, Conservation of Fishes. Journal of Fish Biology, 76: 2003-2008; Alofs, K. M. et al. 2014, Mind the
19
Examples from the list
caused by “aquarists”!38). See for the courageous work of the International Union for Conservation of
Nature and Natural Resources about freshwater fish biodiversity: http://iucn.org.
Hybridization39 between two species is listed with the help of a hybrid formula (an expression
consisting of the names of two taxa separated by a multiplication sign, designating a fish of hybrid
origin), as: species 1 x species 2 with the parental species in alphabetical order; hybridization between
a hybrid and a species as: (species 1 x species 2) x species 3. We can not follow a convention of
naming the male or female first (species 1), because with most intercrossings (for instance in
Poeciliidae) the particular order of the hybridization(s) is not known.
If a ‘scientific looking’ name is not ictalized and written beginning with Capitals, then the identification
of the species was wrong. The used ‘Scientific Name’ in the aquarium literature was incorrect and the
species is mentioned under its valid scientific name.
For instance:
[Aphyosemion Beauforti → Fundulopanchax gularis
Aphyosemion beauforti → Aphyosemion cameronense]
This means aquarists used the name Aphyosemion Beauforti for a strain of Fundulopanchax gularis.
The name Aphyosemion beauforti (the ‘true’ beauforti) is a junior synonym of the (older) name
Aphyosemion cameronense. Both described species are now considered as one species, the names
are synonyms (the name Aphyosemion cameronense is called the senior synonym).
Wrongly used L-numbers are listed as [“Lxxx”].
In some rare cases the oldest name of a set of synonyms is not the valid name. The Code (1999)11
states that the principle of priority is to be used to promote stability and not upset long-accepted
names. Therefore, in accordance with that principle, the application of reversal of precedence of two
names and the continuation of the prevailing usage of a younger synonym is allowed when two
conditions are met (article 23.9)11: (1) a name has not been used as valid since 1899, and (2) the valid
name has been used as such in at least 25 works, published by at least 10 authors during the past 50
years, encompassing a span of not less than 10 years. If both conditions apply, then the older name is
invalid and qualified as a nomen oblitum (a forgotten name, not valid), whereas the younger synonym
is valid and qualified as a nomen protectum (a protected name, accepted as valid). As we have already
mentioned before, the procedure is somewhat tedious.
There can be a second reason why a ‘scientific looking’ name has not been ictalized and written
beginning with capitals. Namely if the species has not been correctly described according to the Code11
(then the name is called a nomen nudum and such a name is unavailable) or if the name has already
been used for another species (then the name is called a homonym and such a name is not valid). In
both cases the wrong name has to be replaced by a valid name.
[African knifefish → Xenomystus nigri
African Kuhli → Amphilius platychir ]
The name African knifefish is the preferred common name of the species Xenomystus nigri. The name
African Kuhli is the aquarist’s name of the species Amphilius platychir.
[Afrikaanse glasmeerval → Parailia pellucida
Afrikaanse karperzalmen → Alestidae]
(information) gap: the importance of exploration and discovery for assessing conservation priorities for freshwater fish.
Diversity and Distributions, 20 (1): 107-113.
38
McDowall, R. M. 2004, Shoot first, and then ask questions: a look at aquarium fish imports and invasiveness in New
Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 38: 503-510; Ishikawa, T. & K. Tachihara 2014,
Introduction history of non-native freshwater fish in Okinawa-jima Island: ornamental aquarium fish pose the greatest risk
for future invasions. Ichthyological Research, 61: 17-26.
39
See for a review: Scribner, K. T., K. S. Page & M. L. Bartron 2001, Hybridization in freshwater fishes: a review of case
studies and cytonuclear methods of biological inference. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 10: 293-323.
20
Richard van der Laan: Freshwater Fish List 3-1-2016
The name Afrikaanse glasmeerval is the Dutch name of the species Parailia pellucida. The name
Afrikaanse karperzalmen is the Dutch name of the family Alestidae.
The Dutch and English names of the more general freshwater aquarium fishes are cross-referenced as
well as the English names of the freshwater fishes used in aquaculture.
[Toxotidae (archerfishes / Schützenfische / schuttersvissen) (PLEURONECTIFORMES)]
The scientific family-names are recorded in the list (in blue print) with the English, German and Dutch
common names and its systematic placement in the classification.
The list can of course be used in connection with other books and magazines. The search is mostly
straightforward. Just look up the used scientific name in the list. The name can still be valid or you can
find a reference to the current name. Then proceed by identifying the species with the given references.
Computer assisted searches with the help of the Acrobat Find function [Ctrl + f] (and maybe followed
by [Enter] to find the next location) can locate all the words quickly. E.g., searching L 1 [Find L 1] leads
to the beginning of the L-words and searching L1 [Find L1 ] leads to Pterygoplichthys joselimaianus in
the text (of course [Find L1] locates L10 and L11 and L101 etc.).
With very old literature (before 1928) searching takes a bit longer, because to safe space we did not
list every possible combination of genus and species names.
For instance one is reading the “Sonderheft zum 25. Jahrgang” of the “Blätter für Aquarien- und
Terrarienkunde” published in 1915. On page 49 an interesting article by A. Landeck on the sexual
dimorphism of the then known aquarium fishes begins.
From page 52 of the Sonderheft onwards the aquarium fishes are arranged alphabetically. Most current
scientific names can easily be traced.
The used name “Acantophthalmus Kuhlii C. & V.” leads via Acanthophthalmus to Pangio semicincta
(Fraser-Brunner, 1940), notice some question marks so the identification is not certain! According to
the list the name Acanthophthalmus Kuhlii was used for this species from approximately 1925 until
1954. The species Pangio kuhlii (Valenciennes, 1846) (the ‘true’ Kuhlii) was probably in the hobby from
about 1935 onwards. Furthermore Pangio semicincta can even be a synonym of Pangio kuhlii. So then
we would have one species with the name Pangio kuhlii (Valenciennes, 1846).
The used name “Acara bimaculata Gthr.” leads to Cichlasoma bimaculatum (Linnaeus, 1758) (the name
was used from 1907 until 1914), but there are two question marks, so the identification of the species
is very uncertain.
On page 57 of the Sonderheft: “Fundulus gularis Boul. var. gelb” can be traced with some effort. Not in
Fundulus [there is: Fundulus gularis → Fundulopanchax gularis, but gelb/yellow?], so maybe in
Fundulopanchax or [↔] in the other genera? The name gulare can be found in Aphyosemion, which
also leads to Fundulopanchax or directly found as gularis in Fundulopanchax. Note the changing
spelling as gulare and gularis!
Finally one arrives at Fundulopanchax (Gularopanchax) gularis (Boulenger, 1902). According to the list
Fundulus gularis was used from 1907 until 1923.
“Fundulus gularis Boul. var. blau” can be found by reading the Fundulopanchax section and finding the
entree under Fundulopanchax sjostedti (Lönnberg, 1895). According to the list Fundulus Gularis Blau
was used from 1907 until 1925.
On page 58 of the Sonderheft:
“G. (Gasterosteus) spinachia L.” is treated by us as marine and not in the list.
“G. (Girardinus) januarius Hensel früher G. caudimaculatus Hensel, neuerdings als Phalloceros
caudomaculatus bestimmt” leads to Phalloceros caudimaculatus (Hensel, 1868). The combination
Girardinus januarius leads to: Girardinus Januarius → Phalloceros caudimaculatus and Girardinus
21
Examples from the list
januarius → Phalloptychus januarius, so there was made some error in the naming. The real
caudimaculatus species is listed by the names: Girardinus caudimaculatus from 1904 until 1917,
Glaridodon Januarius in 1910, Glaridichthys Januarius from 1911 until 1913 and Phalloptychus
Januarius in 1914. It is not the species Phalloptychus januarius! [In the next article of the same
Sonderheft the name Glaridichthys januarius was used, so an error was made in the generic name or
it was still judged as correct and the name lingered on in 1915, as it did in Innes 1917.]
On page 59 of the Sonderheft: Haplochilus spp. can with a little effort be found under Aphyosemion,
Epiplatys, Oryzias, Aplocheilus, Micropanchax and Aplocheilichthys (with a number of
misidentifications).
On page 61 of the Sonderheft: “L. (= Leporinus) Natleri” is not in the list, but a Leporinus nattereri is in
the list, mentioned in Bade (1925), so maybe that species was meant (it is uncertain if the species was
ever in the hobby).
On page 63 of the Sonderheft: “Parosphromenus Deissneri Blkr.” does not lead to the recent
misidentifications nor to the true Parosphromenus deissneri (there are no references in the early
twenties), but instead leads to Pseudosphromenus dayi (Engmann, 1909). It is mentioned under the
name Parosphromenus deißneri Blkr.? in Stansch (1914) on page 71.
In the book of Jäger 186840 (the man who founded one of the first public aquaria in Europe and wrote
one of the first German books on the maintenance of aquaria) the used German common names must
first be translated into English and then the scientific names can be found. On page 284 the author
mentions the “Goldfisch, der Karpfen, die Schleie, Karausche, Rothauge, Wetterfisch und Hecht” as
suitable for the freshwater aquarium. A dictionary (or a German book on freshwater fishes) leads to
goldfish, carp, tench, crucian carp, roach, weatherfish and pike. Consulting the list leads to the correct
scientific names: Carassius auratus, Cyprinus carpio, Tinca tinca, Carassius carassius, Rutilus rutilus,
Misgurnus fossilis and Esox lucius.
On page 370 the names “Stör (Acipenser sturio)” and “Hausen (Acipenser huso)” were used, consulting
the list leads to the same names Acipenser sturio and Acipenser huso.
On page 375 Jäger mentions the propagation in the aquarium of “Weißfische, Karpfen und Barsch”.
Apart from the first word the scientific names Cyprinus carpio and Perca fluviatilis can simply be found
by the already described method.
The same approach must be taken with the names used by Müller 1856 (Aquarium, Belehrung und
Anleitung). He finds the following fishes suitable for the aquarium: Goldfisch, Goldkarpfen, Elrits,
Barsch, Weißfisch, kleine Gründling, Kaulkopf, Flußkarpfen and Strömling.
Another example comes from A. Hellbach [about 1907?], Das Zimmer-Aquarium und seine Einrichtung,
Fiederer, Nürnberg, DE, 62 pp., or from the second edition [about 191?]: Das Zimmer-Aquarium und
seine Einrichtung, 2. Auflage, Offenstadt & Fiederer, Nürnberg, DE, 48 pp.
From page 35 (second edition page 24) on some typical ‘historic’ aquarium
fishes are described: die Karpfen (Cyprinus) [with the help of the list the
currently correct scientific name is: Cyprinus carpio], der Goldfisch (Carassius
auratus) [list: Carassius auratus], der Teleskopfisch (Carassius auratus var.
macrophthalmus) [list: Carassius auratus], der Schleierschwanz-Goldfisch
(Carassius auratus var. japonicus bicaudatus) [list: Carassius auratus], der
Großflosser (Macropodus viridi-auratus) [list: Macropodus opercularis], der
Gurami (Osphromenus olfax) [list: Osphronemus goramy], etc.
The first freshwater aquarium fish:
40
Jäger, G. 1868, Das Leben im Wasser und das Aquarium, Vereinsbuchhandlung, Hamburg, DE, 384 pp.
22
Richard van der Laan: Freshwater Fish List 3-1-2016
1.4 Genus and species validity
We have checked all the scientific names against Eschmeyer’s Catalog4 and we generally follow their
conclusions.
Also the citation of the original description and comments on the validity can be found there.
The freshwater fishes described up to January 2016 have been listed.
Genus and species validity and freshwater occurrence were further checked with the following literature:
Achenbach, G. M. & A. A. Bonetto 1957, Nota
acerca de los nombres vernaculos de peces en el
Parana Medio. Anales del Museo Provincial de
Ciencias Naturales “Florentino Ameghino”, No. 2
Zoologia: 3-11.
Allen, G. R. 1991, Field guide to the freshwater
fishes of New Guinea, Christensen Research
Institute Publication No. 9, Madang, PG, 268 pp.
Almaça, C. 1996, Peixes dos rios de Portugal,
Inapa, Lisboa, PT, 129 pp.
ANGFA Aquatic Survey Database 2009, World
Wide Web publication: http://db.angfa.org.au/
Armstrong, R. H. 1996, Alaska’s Fish, a guide to
selected species, Alaska Northwest Books,
Portland, US, 94 pp.
Artigas Azas, J. M. 2009, The cichlid room companion, World Wide Web publication:
www.cichlidae.com
Baigún C. & R. Ferriz 2003, Distribution patterns of
native freshwater fishes in Patagonia (Argentina).
Organic Diversity and Evolution, 3: 151-159.
Bailey, R. G. 1994, Guide to the fishes of the River
Nile in the Republic of the Sudan. Journal of Natural
History, 28: 937-970.
Bailey, R. M., W. C. Latta & G. R. Smith 2004, An
atlas of Michigan fishes. Miscellaneous Publications of the Museum of Zoology University of
Michigan, No. 192: 1-215.
Balik, S. 1995, Freshwater fish in Anatolia, Turkey.
Biological Conservation, 72: 213-223.
Baruš, V. & E. Wohlgemuth 1993, Checklist and
Biogeography of freshwater fishes of Eastern Cuba.
Folia Zoologica, 42 (2): 165-177.
Bernatchez, L. & M. Giroux 2012, Les poissons de
l’eau douce du Québec et leur repartition dans l’Est
du Canada, nouvelle édition, Broquet, SaintConstant, CA, 348 pp.
Bianco, P. G. 1995, Mediterranean endemic freshwater fishes of Italy. Biological Conservation, 72:
159-170.
Biota Colombiana, 7 (1) 2006, articles:
www.siac.net.co [freshwater fish checklists of the
rivers of Colombia]
Boeseman, M. 1960, The fresh-water fishes of the
island of Trinidad. Studies on the Fauna of Curaçao
and other Caribbean Islands, 10: 72-153.
Boeseman, M. 1964, The fresh-water fishes of the
island of Trinidad: addenda, errata et corrigenda.
Studies on the Fauna of Curaçao and other
Caribbean Islands, 20: 52-57.
Bogutskaya, N. G. 1997, Contribution to the knowledge of leuciscine fishes of Asia Minor. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen
Museum und Institut, 94: 161-186.
Bogutskaya, N. G. & A. M. Naseka 2002, Freshwater fishes of Russia (List of species of agnathans
and fishes), World Wide Web publication:
www.zin.ru/Animalia/Pisces
Bogutskaya, N. G. & A. M. Naseka 2004, Catalogue
of agnathans and fishes of fresh and brackish
waters of Russia with comments on nomenclature
and taxonomy, KMK Scientific Press, Moscow, RU,
389 pp. [in Russian]
Bogutskaya, N. G. et al. 2008, The fishes of the
Amur River: updated check-list and zoogeography.
Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 19 (4):
301-366.
Boschung, H. T. et al. 1998, Field guide to North
American Fishes, Whales & Dolphins, National
Audubon Society, Chanticleer Press, New York,
US, 847 pp.
Botta, I. 1985, A hazai halakról, Mezőgazdasági
Kiadó, Budapest, HU, 88 pp.
Britski, H. A., Y. Sato & A. B. S. Rosa 1986, Manual
de Identificação para os Peixes da Região de Três
Marias (com Chave de Identificação para os Peixes
da Bacia do São Francisco, 2nd ed., Camara dos
Deputados, Coordenação de Publicações Divisão
de Piscicultura e Pesca, Brasília, BR, 115 pp.
Britski, H. A., K. Z. S. Silimon & B. S. Lopes 1997,
Manual de Identificação de peixes do Pantanal
Matogrossense, Corumbá, EMBRAPA, Brasília,
BR, 62 pp.
Britski, H. A., K. S. Silimon & B. S. Lopes 1999,
Peixes do Pantanal: manual de identificação,
EMBRAPA, Brasília, BR, 184 pp.
Brunken, H. & Winkler, M. 2015, Fischfauna-online
2.0. Digitaler Fischartenatlas von Deutschland und
Österreich. Gesellschaft für Ichthyologie e.V. und
Hochschule Bremen. World Wide Web electronic
publication: www.fischfauna-online.de
Bruno, S. 1987, Pesci e crostacei d’acqua dolce
23
Genus and species validity
d’Italia, Giunti Barbèra, Firenze, IT, 286 pp.
Bruylants, B., A. Vandelannoote & R. F. Verheyen
1989, De vissen van onze Vlaamse beken en
rivieren: hun ecologie, verspreiding en bescherming, v. z. w. Wel, Antwerpen, BE, 272 pp.
Buckup, P. A., N. A. Menezes & M. S. Ghazzi (eds.)
2007, Catálogo das Espécies de Peixes de Água
Doce do Brasil, Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro,
BR, 195 pp.
Buen, de F. 1957, Preliminary list of chilean fishes
and their vernacular names. Proceedings of the
Eighth Pacific Science Congress of the Pacific
Science Association, 3: 266-279.
Bussing, W. A. 1998, Freshwater Fishes of Costa
Rica. Revista de Biología Tropical, 46 (Suppl. 2): 1468.
Cabré, M. E. A. & C. A. Lasso A. 2003, Los peces
del río Morichal Largo, estados Monagas y
Anzoátegui, cuenca del río Orinoco, Venezuela.
Memoria de la Fundación La Salla de Ciencias
Naturales, No. 156: 5-118.
Carpenter, K. E. (ed.) 2003, The living marine resources of the western central Atlantic, Volume 2
Bony fishes part 1, FAO Species identification guide
for fishery purposes and American Society of
Ichthyologists and Herpetologists Special Publication 5, FAO, Rome, IT, pp. 601-1373.
Carpenter, K. E. (ed.) 2003, The living marine
resources of the western central Atlantic, Volume 3
Bony fishes part 2, FAO Species identification guide
for fishery purposes and American Society of
Ichthyologists and Herpetologists Special Publication 5, FAO, Rome, IT, pp. 1374-1998.
Carpenter, K. E. & V. H. Niem (eds.) 1999, The
living marine resources of the western central
Pacific, Volume 3 Batoid fishes, chimaeras and
Bony Fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae),
FAO Species identification guide for fishery purposes, FAO, Rome, IT, pp. 1397-2068.
Carpenter, K. E. & V. H. Niem (eds.) 1999, The
living marine resources of the western central Pacific, Volume 4 Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to
Carangidae), FAO Species identification guide for
fishery purposes, FAO, Rome, IT, pp. 2069-2790.
Carpenter, K. E. & V. H. Niem (eds.) 2001, The
living marine resources of the western central
Pacific, Volume 5 Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to
Pomacentridae), FAO Species identification guide
for fishery purposes, FAO, Rome, IT, pp. 27913379.
Carpenter, K. E. & V. H. Niem (eds.) 2001, The
living marine resources of the western central Pacific, Volume 6 Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to
Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles, sea turtles, sea
snakes and marine mammals, FAO Species
identification guide for fishery purposes, FAO,
Rome, IT, pp. 3381-4067.
Catfishes: Siluriformes (taxonomic information on
catfishes), World Wide Web publication, Florida
24
Museum of Natural History:
http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/catfish/
Chen, X.-Y. 2013, Checklist of Fishes of Yunnan.
Zoological Research, 34 (4): 281-343.
Chen, Y. et al. 1998, Fauna Sinica Osteichthys
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32
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Richard van der Laan: Freshwater Fish List 3-1-2016
The freshwater fishes of some regions of the world are reasonably known, however for other regions
(some parts of Africa and Asia) it is difficult to find an accurate list of valid species. It would also be very
helpful if colour-illustrated freshwater fish guides were available for these regions.
Even family-group names have been
proposed in aquaristic publications, for
instance in a journal (Profundulidi
Hoedeman & Bronner June 1951 in Het
Aquarium, 22 (No. 1): 6-10):
and in an aquariumbook: Aquarien Atlas Band 3
(Chiloglanidinae Riehl & Baensch 1990, but unfortunately,
without a description of the new taxon):
33
Aquarium books
The naming process (names as well as classification) was always on the mind of the serious
hobbyists. For instance Christian Brüning (1911) in the Wochenschrift:
In Paris there were already a lot of fish selling
shops in 1861:
34
Richard van der Laan: Freshwater Fish List 3-1-2016
1.5 Aquarium history
The goldfish (Carassius auratus) was probably the first freshwater aquarium fish, kept in aquarium-like
vessels in China since at least 1548 (Balon 2006; Chen 1955; Hervey & Hems 1968; Matsui 1976). After
their introduction in Japan (1616 or maybe already in 1502, Matsui 1976) they were introduced in Europe
in the 17th century as ornamental pond fishes (they arrived in Portugal in 1691; maybe they reached
England in 1692), already bred in Holland in 1765 (the Oranda goldfish) and a little later in the 18th century
goldfish were already kept indoors. In 1872 one of the first varieties, the telescope goldfish (cyprin
télescope / poisson télescope / long-tsing-ya), already developed in China, was introduced in France
(Carbonnier 1872a).
From the beginning of the 19th century various inland fishes of Europe (loaches, minnows, sticklebacks,
etc.) were kept in glass or porcelain containers, which were later called aquaria (Warington 1854 & 1855;
Hibberd 1856; Lankester 1856; Noel Humphreys 1857; Roßmäßler 1857; Sowerby 1857; Butler 1858;
Edwards 1858; Prévost 1861; Wood 1868; Taylor 1876; Jacobs 1964; Atz 1971; Hamlin 1986). The
possession of an aquarium (or drawing-room fish-pond) became very fashionable in England, France and
Germany in the second half of the nineteenth century, about 1855 till 1880. There was even a slight
aquarium mania in England between 1855 and 1860 (Hibberd 1860), accompanied by a lot of shops selling
everything for the aquarium. See for instance the list of Lloyd 1858 for an overview of all the aquarium
related things that could be bought in that period.
Gradually the number of true aquarium-keepers grew and at the end of the 19th century the hobby, after a
slight decrease in popularity, definitively started to grow (Klee 2003; Brunner 2011; Hohl 2001; Hohl 2011)
and there came about a never ending stream of exotic fishes for the hobbyist.
Furthermore, the keeping of aquaria managed to do a lot of cultural work (Hamera, 2011).
At the very start some labyrinth fishes were imported [there was already an import of a “poisson
combattant” (= ? Betta smaragdina / Betta splendens) by Jäger from Saigon / Cochin-chine at the end of
1863 and again in January 1864, see Bulletin de la Société Imperiale Zoologique d’Acclimatation (2e série),
1864, 1: 145-146, but the fishes probably died due to the cold weather in Marseille, see Der Thiergarten
1864, 1(3): 62-63], the paradise fish Macropodus opercularis in 1869 (Poisson de Paradis / Macropode de
la Chine; Carbonnier 1869a & 1872b, Lefebvre 1877) [Schneider & Whitney 1957 called 1868 the “birthday
of the Tropical Fish Hobby”], Trichogaster lalius in 1873 (Colise de l’Inde / arc-en-ciel from Calcutta;
Carbonnier 1873, 1874b, 1876), then Anabas testudineus (Anabas from Calcutta; Carbonnier 1874a; and
also Parambassis sp.41), again “poissons combattants” in 1874? (= ? Betta smaragdina / Betta splendens;
from Cochin-chine / Saigon; Bordas 1875, Renard 1875) and soon followed by many other fishes from all
continents (Dürigen 1897, Bade 1898, Klee 2003; Hohl 2011).
In 1876 for instance, Macropodus opercularis42 and the telescope goldfish were kept in Germany
(Gilsenbach 1956); in 1887 supplemented by Osphronemus goramy, Hoplisoma paleatus (?, see below)
and the fringetail goldfish (Gilsenbach 1956).
In 1878 the following fishes were kept in France43: Osphronemus goramy, Macropodus opercularis,
Anabas testudineus, Parambassis sp. (“poissons dits transparents du Bengale” = ? Parambassis baculis),
some goldfish varieties, “Fundula cyprinodonta” imported from North-America in 1871 (Carbonnier 1875)
[ = Umbra pygmaea, Gill 1906b or = not an American species, Breder & Rosen 1966 pp. 136], “Doras from
Buenos-Ayres” (= ? Pterodoras granulosus) [already reproduced in France], Silurus glanis from the
Danube, Ameiurus catus (or ? Ameiurus nebulosus), “Callichthes from Brasil” = ? Callichthys callichthys
[the name “Callichthys fasciatus” as used later by Carbonnier 1880 and 1881 does not exist, perhaps there
was some confusion with a paper of Jobert44 published in that same year, which described the habits of
Anonymous 1876, Poissons de l’Inde [L’Ambasse ranga ou poisson transparent / L’Anabas ou poisson grimpeur]. Magasin
Pittoresque 44: 276-277.
42
Fernandez-Harburg, A. 1924, Das Aquarium, seine Entstehung, Geschichte und Bedeutung. Wochenschrift für Aquarien- und
Terrarienkunde, 21 (4): 64-65.
43
Raveret-Wattel, C. 1879, Rapport sur la Pisciculture a l’Exposition Universelle de 1878. Bulletin de la Société d’Acclimatation,
(3e série), 6: 137-146.
44
1878, Rapport sur un Mémoire de M. Jobert, relatif à la respiration aérienne de quelques Poissons du Brésil. Comptes rendus
hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des Sciences, 86: 935-938.
41
35
Aquarium books
Callichthys asper (= Callichthys callichthys) from Rio de Janeiro or was this a different fish species? Later
on, 1880-1881, there were reports of a fish called Callichthys fasciatus from La Plata (Carbonnier 1881,
1881a, 1881b), that could be Hoplisoma paleatus], Misgurnus fossilis, Cobitis taenia, Umbra krameri,
“Silver Bass from Canada” = Morone chrysops, Rock Bass = Ambloplites rupestris, “Salmonides de la
Plata”.
In 1880 the Cyprinodon of Spain (= ? Aphanius fasciatus or Aphanius iberus) was bred in the aquarium
(Carbonnier 1881b).
The names and the aquarium history of the freshwater fishes were researched with the listed references
in chapter three and further checked with the following literature (§ 1.5.1 and 1.5.2), together with the
Dutch language aquarium literature in the Appendix.
We also added to our literature list some important aquarium books, that we hope to see one day, to make
our overview of the early aquarium literature more complete.
Ida Mellen was also troubled by names in 1918:
36
Aquarium books & articles
1.5.1 Aquarium and fish books & some historically important articles
Abbott, C. C. 1870, Notes on Fresh-Water Fishes
of New Jersey. The American Naturalist, 4 (2): 99117.
Abbott, C. C. 1870, Mud-Loving Fishes. The
American Naturalist, 4 (7): 385-391.
Abbott, C. C. 1871, Further Notes on New Jersey
Fishes. The American Naturalist, 4 (12): 717-720.
Abbott, C. C. 1872, The banded sun-fish (Mesogonistius chaetodon, Gill.). Hardwicke’s ScienceGossip, 8: 29-30.
Abbott, C. C. 1872, The pirate (Aphredoderus
sayanus, Cuv.). Hardwicke’s Science-Gossip, 8:
151-152.
Abbott, C. C. 1874, The golden minnow (Hybognathus osmerinus, Cope.). Hardwicke’s ScienceGossip, 10: 9-10.
Abbott, C. C. 1875, Two mud-loving fishes (An
aquarial study of their color and certain habits).
Hardwicke’s Science-Gossip, 11: 104-107.
Abbott, C. C. 1877, Traces of a voice in fishes. The
American Naturalist, 11 (3): 147-156.
Abbott, C. C. 1883, On the habits of certain sunfish.
The American Naturalist, 17 (12): 1254-1257.
Abraham, N. 1901, On the Breeding-habits of
Chromis philander. Annals and Magazine of
Natural History (7th series), 8: 321-325.
Adams, J. 2001, How to care for your Aquarium,
Kingdom Books, UK, 34 pp.
Adler, H. E. 1975, Fish Behavior: why fishes do
what they do, T. F. H. Publications, Neptune City,
US, 271 pp.
Alappat, H. J. & A. Biju Kumar 1997, Aquarium
Fishes (a colourful profile), B. R. Publishing
Corporation, Delhi, IN, 106 pp.
Alderton, D. 1983, Looking after aquarium fish,
Ward Lock, London, UK, 112 pp.
Alderton, D. 1984, Tropical Fish Aquarium freshwater & marine, Ward Lock, London, UK, 159 pp.
Alderton, D. 2002, Starter aquarium, Interpet
Publishing, Dorking, UK, 144 pp.
Alderton, D. 2003, The aquarium owner's handbook, Cassell Illustrated, London, UK, 144 pp.
Alderton, D. 2003, Cichlids (Understanding Angelfish, Oscars, Discus, and others), BowTie Press,
Irvine, US 144 pp.
Alderton, D. 2004, Livebeares (Understanding
Guppies, Mollies, Swordtails, and others), BowTie
Press, Irvine, US 144 pp.
Alderton, D. 2005, Freshwater Aquariums (Basic
aquarium setup and maintenance), BowTie Press,
Irvine, US 144 pp.
Allain, G. et al. 2003, Poissons et Aquariums
(Installez et faites vivre votre aquarium), Larousse,
Paris, FR, 384 pp.
Altenau, B. 1960, Unser Aquarium, Wilhelm Andermann, München, DE, 127 pp.
Ames, F. 1971, The fish you care for, Signet, The
New American Library, New York, US, 126 pp.
André, J. 1958, Mes poissons rouges Aquariums et
bassins de jardin, La Maison Rustique, Paris, FR,
32 pp.
Andrews, C. [199?], The complete aquarist’s guide,
Tetra Information Centre, Leeds, UK, 27 pp.
Andrews, C., A. Exell & N. Carrington 1990,
Comment soigner vos poisons d’aquarium, Bordas,
Paris, FR, 208 pp.
Angel, F. 1948, Petit Atlas des Poissons III
Poissons des eaux douces espèces franҫaises,
nouvelle édition, Boubée & Cie, Paris, FR, 137 pp.
Angel, F. 1949, Atlas des Poissons IV, Poissons
des eaux douces, espèces exotiques & d'ornement
aquariophilie, 2e éd., Boubée, Paris, FR, 165 pp.
Angel, F. 1970, Atlas des Poissons Fascicule IV,
Poissons exotiques et d’Aquariums, 5e éd.,
Boubée, Paris, FR, 181 pp.
Anonymous 1854, The Aquarium. Fraser’s Magazine for Town and Country, 50: 190-203.
Anonymous [1858], Hints for the Formation of a
Fresh-water Aquarium, Society for promoting
Christian Knowledge, London, UK, 132 pp. [author
Shirley Hibberd or Rev. J. G. Wood or J. Bishop or
Rev. A. Taylor ?]
Arai, N. (ed.) 1997, [The Aquarium 2300 Atlas], Fair
Wind Co., Ojidai Sakura Chiba, JP, 433 pp. [in
Japanese]
Archiv für Naturgeschichte, Nicolaische VerlagsBuchhandlung R. Stricker, Berlin, DE, 1906-1911;
from 1912 Archiv für Naturgeschichte Abteilung B)
[from 72 (1906) on under the heading Pisces für
19xx many references to the early hobby
periodicals: Natur und Haus articles from Jahrgang
13 (1905), Wochenschrift für Aquarien- und
Terrarienkunde articles from Jahrgang 3 (1906),
Blätter für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde articles
from Jahrgang 17 (1906), Naturfreund (St.
Petersburg), articles (in Russian) from 1 (1906),
Akvarium Moskva articles (in Russian) from 1908]
Arnold, A. 1991, Kaltwasserfische (Fische des
Nordens für Aquarium und Gartenteich), Urania
Verlag, Leipzig, DE, 91 pp.
Atz, J. W. & D. Faulkner 1971, Aquarium Fishes:
Their Beauty, History, and Care, Viking Press, New
York, US, 112 pp.
Audeville, A. d’ 1896?, L’aquarium, Bureau de Bulletin de Pêche et de Pisciculture pratique, Paris,
FR, [not seen]
Aurell, G. 1955, Akvaario, Hämeen, Tampere, FI,
166 pp. [translation of the Swedish original:
Sötvattensakvariet]
Aurell, G., P. Jacobsson & N. Lindgren 1953, Norstedts Akvarietbok, andra upplagan, Norstedt &
Söners Förlag, Stockholm, SE, 448 pp.
37
Aquarium books
Axelrod, G. S. & B. M. Scott 2005, Encyclopedia of
Exotic Tropical Fishes, T. F. H. Publications,
Neptune City, US, 845 pp.
Axelrod, H. R. 1952, Tropical Fish as a Hobby (A
Guide to Selection, Care and Breeding), George
Allen & Unwin Limited, London, UK, 264 pp.
Axelrod, H. R. 1952, Tropical Fish Guide (an
instructive booklet for beginning aquarists), T. F. H.
Publications, Jersey City, US, 32 pp.
Axelrod, H. R. 1953, Tropical fish as pets, T. F. H.
Publications, Jersey City, US, 34 pp.
Axelrod, H. R. 1954, Gold Fish … as pets / Gold
Fish Book, T. F. H. Publications, Jersey City, US,
32 pp.
Axelrod, H. R. 1956, Mollies as pets, T. F. H.
Publications, Jersey City, US, 24 pp.
Axelrod, H. R. 1957, Catfishes, T. F. H. Publications, Jersey City, US, 16 pp.
Axelrod, H. R. 1957, How to decorate your
aquarium, T. F. H. Publications, Jersey City, US, 24
pp.
Axelrod, H. R. 1959, Goldfische .. als Haustiere, T.
F. H. Verlag, Frankfurt/Main Süd, DE, 32 pp.
Axelrod, H. R. 1959, Zierfische, T. F. H. Verlag,
Frankfurt/Main Süd, DE, 32 pp.
Axelrod, H. R. 1960, Le Poisson Tropical, T. F. H.
Publications, Jersey City, US, 32 pp.
Axelrod, H. R. 1960, Panzerwelse I, T. F. H. Publications, Jersey City, US, 16 pp.
Axelrod, H. R. 1960, Schöne Salmler, T. F. H.
Publications, Jersey City, US, 32 pp.
Axelrod, H. R. 1965, Axelrod’s Tropical Fish book,
Arco, New York, US, 112 pp.
Axelrod, H. R. 1967, Breeding Aquarium Fishes
Book I, T. F. H. Publications, Neptune City, US, 480
pp.
Axelrod, H. R. 1967, Guppies in color, T. F. H.
Publications, Hong Kong, 31 pp.
Axelrod, H. R. 1968, Mollies in color, T. F. H.
Publications, Hong Kong, 32 pp.
Axelrod, H. R. 1969, Breeding fishes … in color, T.
F. H. Publications, Hong Kong, 31 pp.
Axelrod, H. R. 1969, Fishes for your community
tank, T. F. H. Publications, Jersey City, US, 30 pp.
Axelrod, H. R. 1970, Tropical Fish Guide, T. F. H.
Publications, Jersey City, US, 31 pp.
Axelrod, H. R. 1971, Breeding Aquarium Fishes
Book 2, T. F. H. Publications, Jersey City, New
Jersey, US, 352 pp.
Axelrod, H. R. 1971, Photography for aquarists, T.
F. H. Publications, Jersey City, US, 64 pp.
Axelrod, H. R. 1972, Tropical Fish as a Hobby (A
Guide to Selection, Care and Breeding), George
Allen & Unwin Limited, London, UK, 300 pp.
Axelrod, H. R. 1974, African cichlids of lakes
Malawi and Tanganyika, 2nd ed., T. F. H. Publications, Neptune City, US, 256 pp.
Axelrod, H. R. 1974, Freshwater Fishes Book 1, T.
F. H. Publications, Neptune City, US, 320 pp.
38
Axelrod, H. R. 1974, Tropical Fish Guide, T. F. H.
Publications, Hong Kong, 32 pp.
Axelrod, H. R. 1976, Breeding Aquarium Fishes
Book 4, T. F. H. Publications, Hong Kong, 319 pp.
Axelrod, H. R. 1976, Setting up your first aquarium,
T. F. H. Publications, Neptune, US, 30 pp.
Axelrod, H. R. 1977, Goldfish as pets, T. F. H.
Publications, Hong Kong, 32 pp.
Axelrod, H. R. 1982, Fishes for your community
tank, T. F. H. Publications, Hong Kong, 32 pp.
Axelrod, H. R. 1986, A beginner’s Guide to Garden
Pools¸ T. F. H. Publications, Neptune City, US, 61
pp.
Axelrod, H. R. 1994, Aquariums for those who care,
T. F. H. Publications, Neptune City, US, 32 pp.
Axelrod, H. R. 1994, A basic book of aquariums
(look and learn), T. F. H. Publications, Neptune
City, US, 64 pp.
Axelrod, H. R. 1994, Tropical fishes for those who
care, T. F. H. Publications, Neptune City, US, 32
pp.
Axelrod, H. R. & C. W. Emmens [1967], Discus in
color, T. F. H. Publications, Jersey City, US, 34 pp.
Axelrod, H. R. et al. 1962, Exotic Tropical Fishes,
looseleaf edition, T. F. H. Publications, Jersey City,
Jersey City, US, 608 pp. + inserts from the
magazine Tropical Fish Hobbyist [insert No. 1
September 1963 – insert No. 141 June, 1970]
Axelrod, H. R. et al. 1974, Exotic Tropical Fishes,
looseleaf edition, 24th ed., T. F. H. Publications,
Neptune City, US, 608 pp. + inserts. [Supplement
Books 1 through 12]
Axelrod, H. R. et al. 1998, Aquarium fishes of the
world, T. F. H. Publications, Neptune City, US,
1019 pp.
Axelrod, H. R. & L. Burgess 1973, Breeding
Aquarium Fishes Book 3, T. F. H. Publications,
Neptune City, US, 320 pp.
Axelrod, H. R. & W. E. Burgess 1976, African
cichlids of lakes Malawi and Tanganyika, 4th ed., T.
F. H. Publications, Hong Kong, 320 pp.
Axelrod, H. R. & C. W. Emmens 1967, Discus … in
color, T. F. H. Publications, Jersey City, US, 30 pp.
Axelrod, H. R. & W. Vorderwinkler 1955, Color
guide to tropical fish, Sterling Publishing Co., New
York, US, 160 pp.
Axelrod, H. R. & W. Vorderwinkler 1956, Tropical
fish in your home, Sterling, New York, US, 128 pp.
Axelrod, H. R. & W. Vorderwinkler 1958, Goldfish
in your home, Sterling Publishing Co., New York,
US, 144 pp.
Axelrod, H. R. & W. Vorderwinkler 1970, Goldfish &
Koi in your home, T. F. H. Publications, Neptune
City, US, 208 pp.
Axelrod, H. R. & W. Vorderwinkler 1972, Tropical
fish in your home, 12th ed., Sterling, New York, US,
144 pp.
Axelrod, H. R. & W. Vorderwinkler 1974, Encyclopedia of Tropical Fishes, 22nd ed., T. F. H.
Richard van der Laan: Freshwater Fish List 3-1-2016
Publications, Hong Kong, 631 pp.
Axelrod, H. R. & W. Vorderwinkler 1980, Encyclopedia of Tropical Fishes, 26th ed., T. F. H.
Publications, Hong Kong, 631 pp.
Bade, E. 1895-96, Das Süßwasser-Aquarium (Geschichte, Flora und Fauna des SüsswasserAquariums, seine Anlage und Pflege), Pfenningstorff, Berlin, DE, 530 pp. [printed in eleven parts
1895-1896; not seen]
Bade, E. 1899, Praxis der Aquarienkunde, Creutz’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Magdeburg, DE, 192
pp.
Bade, E. 1911, Praxis der Aquarienkunde, 3. Auflage, Creutz’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Magdeburg, DE, 223 pp.
Bader, R. 1962, Das Schulaquarium, Franckh’sche
Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart, DE, 78 pp.
Baehr, W. 1963, Mein Aquarium – mein Hobby, 2.
Auflage, Falken Verlag, Wiesbaden, DE, 96 pp.
Baehr, W. & H. J. Mayland 1972, Das Süßwasser
Aquarium, Falken Verlag, Wiesbaden, DE, 132 pp.
Baensch, P. [1933?], Tiere hinter Glas, Delhagen &
Klasing, Bielefeld, DE, 70 pp.
Baensch, U. [1962], 100 schöne Fische 1000
schöne Stünden, Wasserfloh, Melle, DE, 64 pp.
Baensch, U. 1976, Kleine Zierfischkunde, Tetrawerke, Melle, DE, 84 pp.
Baensch, U. 1980, Bunte Zierfischkunde, 3. Auflage, Tetrawerke, Melle, DE, 84 pp.
Baensch, U. 1987, Bunte Zierfischwelt, Tetrawerke, Melle, DE, 207 pp.
Bailey, M. & N. Dakin 1998, The Aquarium Fish
handbook, New Holland Publishers, London, UK,
159 pp.
Bailey, M. & G. Sandford 1996, The New Guide to
Aquarium Fish, Ultimate Editions, London, UK, 128
p
Bailey, M. & G. Sandford 1999, The ultimate encyclopedia of Aquarium Fish & Fish care (A definitive
guide to identifying and keeping freshwater and
marine fishes), Lorenz Books, London, UK, 256 pp.
Balon, E. K. 2004, About the oldest domesticates
among fishes. Journal of Fish Biology, 65
(Supplement A): 1-27.
Balon, E. K. 2006, The oldest domesticated fishes,
and the consequences of an epigenetic dichotomy
in fish culture. Aqua International journal of
ichthyology, 11 (2): 47-86.
Banister, K. 1997, Aquarial fish, Frederick Muller,
London, UK, 32 pp. + 25 plates.
Barker, Ph. 1960, Life in the Aquarium, Bell and
Sons, London, UK, 162 pp.
Barraclough, K. & G. Holmes [197?], How to enjoy
being an aquarist, King British Aquarium Accessories, Bradford, UK, 22 pp.
Barrie, A. 1986, A beginner’s Guide to Goldfish¸ T.
F. H. Publications, Neptune City, US, 61 pp.
Bassleer, G. 1983, Bildatlas der Fischkrankheiten
in Süßwasseraquarium, Neumann-Neudamm, Mel
sungen, DE, 272 pp.
Bateman, G. C. 1890, Fresh-Water Aquaria (their
construction, arrangement, and management),
Upcott Gill, London, UK, 316 pp.
Bateman, G. C. [193?], Freshwater Aquaria: Their
construction, Arrangement, and Management, 4th
ed., The Bazaar, Exchange and Mart Limited,
London, UK, 352 pp.
Bateman, G. C. & R. A. R. Bennett [1891 / 1902],
Book of aquaria, being a practical guide to the
construction etc. of fresh-water and marine
aquaria, containing full information as to the plants,
weds, fish, how and where to obtain them and how
to keep them in health, London, UK, [Part 1
freshwater aquaria, not seen]
Bauch, G. 1963, Die einheimischen Süßwasserfische, 4. Auflage, Neumann, Radebeul, DE, 198
pp.
Bauchot, R. & M.-L. Bauchot 1954, Les poissons,
Presses Universitaires de France, Paris, FR, 127
pp.
Bauer, R. 1991, Erkrankungen der Aquarienfische,
Paul Parey, Berlin, DE, 216 pp.
Bauman, E. 1993, The essential Aquarium (a guide
to keeping 100 exciting freshwater species),
Merehurst Limited, London, UK, 144 pp.
Beavan, R. 1877, Handbook of the fresh water
fishes of India, Lovell Reeve & Co., London, UK,
247 pp.
Bech, R. 1976, Eierlegende Zahnkarpfen (AT
Ratgeber Reihe 5), Urania Verlag, Leipzig, DE, 48
pp.
Bech, R. 1984, Eierlegende Zahnkarpfen, Neumann Verlag, Leipzig, DE, 136 pp.
Bechstein, J. M. 1797, Naturgeschichte oder
Anleitung zur Kenntniß und Wartung der
Säugethiere, Amphibien, Fische, Insecten und
Würmer, welche man in der Stube halten kann,
Ettingersche Buchhandlung, Gotha, DE, not seen.
Bechtel, H. 1973, Beliebte Aquarienfische, Landbuch Verlag, Hannover, DE, 136 pp.
Beck, P. 1944, Animaux d’Aquarium et de Terrarium, Imprimerie Tarbaise, Tarbe, FR, 125 pp.
Beck, P. 1965, Animaux d’Aquarium et de Terrarium, Éditions du Scarabée, Paris, FR, 159 pp.
Beck, P. [198?], Ratgeber für Aquarien-Freunde, H.
von Gimborn, Emmerich, DE, 102 pp.
Behyna, M. 1938, Az Akvárium élővilága,
berendezése és gondozása, Természettudományi
Társulat, Budapest, HU, 211 pp.
Belloc, É. 1899, Noms scientifiques et vulgaires
des principaux Poissons & Crustacés d'eau douce
suivis d’un Index Bibliographíque, Masson et Cie,
Paris, FR, 199 pp.
Berg, L. 1948, Freshwater Fishes of the U.S.S.R.
and adjacent countries, Vol. 1, 2 and 3, Israel Program for Scientific Studies, Jerusalem, IL, 504, 496
and 510 pp.
Bernard, S. 1953, Mes poissons d’aquarium, La
39
Aquarium books
Maison Rustique, Paris, FR, 32 pp.
Berndl, R. 1902, Das Schulaquarium. Pädagogische Monatshefte / Pedagogical Monthly, 3 (5):
165-168.
Bertrand, M. Ed. 1961, L’aquarium, Bibliothèque de
Travail (Institut Coopératif de l'école moderne,
Cannes), no. 505: 1-24.
Betts, L. C. [1939], The Goldfish (Water Life Series
No. 8), Marshall Press, London, UK, 30 pp.
Bianchi, I. & M. Mariani 1993, L'abc dell'acquario
d'acqua dolce, new edition, Giovanni De Vecchi
Editore, Milano, IT, 151 pp.
Bibliographia Zoologica, Concilium Bibliographicum, Zürich, CH: 15 (1907): 225-267, 17
(1909): 293-326, 19 (1910): 113-141, 20 (1911):
411-445, 22 (1911): 247-283, 24 (1913): 163-201,
26 (1914): 296-346, 28 (1915): 300-325 [From
1896-1912 published as a supplement to
Zoologischer Anzeiger and in continuation of the
"Litteratur" section in its earlier volumes. Under the
heading Pisces many references from the early
hobby periodicals (1906-1915): Wochenschrift für
Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde, Blätter für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde, Praktische Zierfischzüchter and Natur und Haus. Also some early
aquaristic books and booklets are listed.]
Bishop, J. 1858, Handbook of plain instructions for
the construction and management of Fresh-Water
Aquaria, for gold fish, etc., and proper treatment of
the plants, fish, molluscs, beetles, etc., kept
therein, or in glass globes, Dean and Son, London,
UK, 74 pp. [not seen]
Blasiola, G. C. 1995, Koi, Barron's Educational
Series, Hauppauge, US, 95 pp.
Blough, G. O. 1961, An aquarium (The basic
science series), Wheaton, Exeter, UK, 36 pp.
Boarder, A. 1967, Garden Ponds, Foyle, London,
UK, 93 pp.
Bodie, S. 1977, Confessions of a fish doctor,
Workman Publishing Company, New York, US, 306
pp.
Bollow, H. 1951, Mein Aquarium (Orionbücher 31),
Sebastian Lux, Murnau, GE, 63 pp.
Bordas 1875, “poissons combattants”, Bulletin de
la Société d’Acclimatation, 3e série 2: LXII.
Boruchowitz, D. E. [199?], The Guide to Owning
Koi, T. F. H. Publications, Neptune City, US, 64 pp.
Boruchowitz, D. E. 2006, Aquarium Care of Bettas,
T. F. H. Publications, Neptune City, US, 111 pp.
Boruchowitz, D. E. 2006, Freshwater Aquarium
Problem Solver, T. F. H. Publications, Neptune
City, US, 111 pp.
Boruchowitz, D. E. 2006, Freshwater Aquariums, T.
F. H. Publications, Neptune City, US, 111 pp.
Boruchowitz, D. E. 2008, Aquarium Care of
Goldfish, T. F. H. Publications, Neptune City, US,
111 pp.
Boucher, G. 1952, Poissons d’aquarium, Impremerie Raymond Weill, Paris, FR, 125 pp.
40
Boucher, M. 1967, L’Aquarium équilibré, 5e édition,
Aquarium Boucher, Paris, FR, 104 pp.
Boulart, R. A. 1872, Du Macropode de la Chine.
Journal de Zoologie, 1: 243-254.
Boulenger, E. G. 1913, Notes on the breeding of
the “millions” fish (Girardinus poeciloides). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, [1912]
(3/4): 906-908.
Boulenger, E. G. 1925, The Aquarium Book,
Duckworth, London, UK, 208 pp.
Boulenger, E. G. 1931, Queer Fish, 2nd ed.,
Partridge, London, UK, 189 pp.
Boulenger, E. G. 1939, Keep an Aquarium, Ward,
Lock & Co., London, UK, 80 pp.
Boulenger, G. A. 1909, 1911, 1915 and 1916, Catalogue of the Fresh-water Fishes of Africa in the
British Museum (Natural History), Vol. I, II, III and
IV, British Museum (Natural History), London, UK,
373, 529, 526 and 391 pp.
Boulenger, G. A. 1913, Mr. G. A. Boulenger F.R.S.,
F.Z.S., exhibited a specimen, 155 mm. long, of the
African Cichlid Perch (Hemichromis bimaculatus
Gill), … Proceedings of the Zoological Society of
London, [1913] (1): 2.
Bourgeois, M. 1957, Poissons décoratifs d'aquarium (Collection Rustica), Éditions de Montsouris,
Paris, FR, 132 pp.
Bourgeois, M. 1966, Poissons d’ornement d’eau
chaude, Bornemann, Paris, FR, 104 pp.
Bourgeois, M. 1976, Poissons rouges, Bornemann,
Paris, FR, 32 pp.
Bourreau, P. 1961, Les poissons d’eau douce de
France et de Belgique, Éditions Ch. De Wyngaert,
Bruxelles, BE, unpaginated
Bout [de Charlemont], H. 1886, L’Histoire des
Aquariums. Bulletin de la Société nationale d’Acclimatation de France (4e série), 3: 30-44. [also
separate: Bout de Charlemont H. 1886, Notes pour
servir à l'histoire des aquariums, Société nationale
d’Acclimatation de France, Paris, FR, 15 pp.]
Braemer, H. & I. Scheurmann 1990, Das Aquarium,
8. Auflage, Gräfe und Unzer, München, DE, 72 pp.
Braum, E. & K. Paysan 1972, Aquarienfische,
Belser, Stuttgart, DE, 232 pp.
Breder, C. M. & D. E. Rosen 1966, Modes of reproduction in fishes, T. F. H. Publications, Neptune
City, US, 941 pp.
Brembach, M. 1979, Lebendgebärende Fische im
Aquarium, Franckh’sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart, DE, 63 pp.
Bremer, H. 1985, Futter für Aquarienfische (Vivaristik Ratgeber 12), Neumann Verlag, Leipzig, DE,
70 pp.
Brichard, P. 1978, Fishes of Lake Tanganyika, T.
F. H. Publications, Hong Kong, 448 pp.
Bridges, W. 1970, The New York Aquarium book of
the Water World, American Heritage Press, New
York, US, 287 pp.
Brigham, C. B. 1869, The Fresh-Water Aquarium.
Richard van der Laan: Freshwater Fish List 3-1-2016
The American Naturalist, 3 (3): 131-136; 3 (4): 207212; 3 (7): 373-377; 3 (9): 486-490; 1870 4 (1): 2327.
Brind, W. L. 1919, The practical fish-fancier, a
popular guide book of useful information on the
study and culture of fresh water aquarium fish,
Brind, New York, US, 21 pp.
Brocher, F. 1913, L’Aquarium de Chambre, 4e ed.,
Payot, Paris, FR, 451 pp.
Broekel, R. 1983, Tropical Fish, 2nd ed., Childrens
Press, Chicago, US, 44 pp.
Brown, T. 1946, A simple pond for the amateur,
Buckley Press Ltd., The Butts, Brentford, Middlesex, UK, 15 pp.
Brühlmeyer, A. 1980, Buntbarsche aus dem
Malawi-See (AT Ratgeber Reihe 11), Urania
Verlag, Leipzig, DE, 48 pp.
Brühlmeyer, A. 1981, Buntbarsche aus dem
Tanganjika-See (Vivaristik Ratgeber 3), Neumann
Verlag, Leipzig, DE, 55 pp.
Brühlmeyer, A. 1984, Buntbarsche aus dem
Malawi-See (Vivaristik-Ratgeber in Farbe), Urania
Verlag, Leipzig, DE, 71 pp.
Brüning, C. 1910/1911, Ichthyologisches Handlexikon, Wenzel & Sohn, Braunschweig, DE, 287
pp.
Brüning, C. 1921, Bilderatlas der wichtigsten
Aquarienfische, Wilhelm Eimeke, Hamburg, DE,
191 pp.
Brunner, B. 2011, The Ocean at Home (An
illustrated history of the aquarium), 2nd edition,
Reaktion Books, London, UK, 168 pp.
Buckland, F. 1880, Natural history of British Fishes,
Society for promoting Christian knowledge,
London, UK, 420 pp.
Bulving, C. 1899, Visschen voor het aquarium. De
Levende Natuur, 4 (4/5): 124.
Bungartz, J. [1895/1897], Aquarienfische und ihre
Pflege, Lechenich, DE, 16 pp. [not seen; 2nd ed.,
Leipzig, 1901/1903, 16 pp. also not seen]
Burton, J. 1978, Aquarium fishes, Colour Library
International, New Malden, UK, 63 pp.
Burton, M. & R. Burton 1975, Encyclopedia of Fish,
Octopus Books Limited, London, UK, 253 pp.
Caperns 1963, Aquarium and Pond Handbook, 3rd
ed., Caperns (Spillers Limited), London, UK, 72 pp.
Carbonnier, P. 1864, Guide pratique du pisciculteur, Librairie Scientifique, Industrielle et Agricole,
Paris, FR, 200 pp. [p. 185-198, Annexe: Aquarium
d’appartement]
Carbonnier, P. 1869a, Sur l’accouplement d’une
espèce de poisson de Chine. Bulletin de la Société
Imperiale Zoologique d’Acclimatation (2e série), 6:
408-414.
Carbonnier, P. 1869b, Sur le mode de reproduction
d’une espèce de poissons de la Chine. Comptes
rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie
des Sciences, 69: 489-491. [see also Eyrich, L.
1870, Der Zoologische Garten, 11: 66-67]
Carbonnier, P. 1870, Nouvelle note sur un poisson
de Chine. Bulletin de la Société Imperiale Zoologique d’Acclimatation (2e série), 7: 26-32.
Carbonnier, P. 1872a, Sur la reproduction et le
développement du poisson télescope, originaire de
la Chine. Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des
séances de l’Académie des Sciences, 75: 11271130. [also in Bulletin de la Société d’Acclimatation
(2e série), 9: 789-790]
Carbonnier, P. 1872b, Le macropode de Chine.
Bulletin de la Société d’Acclimatation, 2e série, 9: 714.
Carbonnier, P. 1873, “poissons arc-en-ciel“. Bulletin de la Société d’Acclimatation, 2e série, 10: 910.
Carbonnier, P. 1874a, écrit à M. le Président….
Bulletin de la Société d’Acclimatation, 3e série, 1:
526-529.
Carbonnier, P. 1874b, Sur le mode de respiration
de diverses espèces de Poissons à pharyngiens
labyrinthiformes. Comptes rendus hebdomadaires
des séances de l’Académie des Sciences, 78: 501502.
Carbonnier, P. 1875, “Fundula cyprinodonta“,
Bulletin de la Société d’Acclimatation, 3e série, 2:
LVIII.
Carbonnier, P. 1876, Nidification du poisson arcen-ciel de l’Inde. Bulletin de la Société d’Acclimatation, 3e série, 3: 11-22.
Carbonnier, P. 1876, Nidification of the Indian
Rainbow-Fish. Annals and Magazine of Natural
History, 4th series, 17: 172-174.
Carbonnier, P. 1876, Le Gourami et son nid.
Journal de Zoologie, 5: 442-445.
Carbonnier, P. 1880, Moers d’un Poisson de la
famille des Silures, le Callichthys fasciatus, Cuvier.
Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de
l’Académie des Sciences, 91: 940-942.
Carbonnier, P. 1881, Sur le Callichthys fasciatus
Cuvier. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de
France, [1880]: 288-290.
Carbonnier, P. 1881a, Habits of a fish of the Family
Siluridae (Callichthys fasciatus, Cuv.). Annals and
Magazine of Natural History, 5th series, 7: 73-74.
Carbonnier, P. 1881b, Reproductions de poissons
exotiques. Bulletin de la Société d’Acclimatation, 3e
série, 8: 103-112.
Carey, R. 2009, Tetras and Barbs (A complete
guide to the successful care and breeding of two of
the most popular groups of aquarium fish), T. F. H.
Publications, Neptune City, US, 127 pp.
Characin Study Group 1976, A guide to characins,
National Booklet No.8, Federation of British Aquatic
Societies, UK, 24 pp.
Chard, R. Y. 1976, Votre aquarium et les poissons,
De Vecchi, Paris, FR, 79 pp.
Chaumeton, H. 1981, Les poissons d’aquarium et
d’eau douce, Solar, Paris, FR, 63 pp.
Chaumeton, H. 1981, Les poissons de lac et
d’étang, Solar, Paris, FR, 61 pp.
41
Aquarium books
Chaumeton, H. 1981, Les poissons de rivière,
Solar, Paris, FR, 61 pp.
Chaumeton, H. 1982, Poissons (Documentation
scolaire), Éditions Arnaud, Le Plessis-Bouchard,
FR, 61 pp.
Chaumeton, H. 2001, Poissons d’Aquarium,
Proxima, FR, 383 pp.
Chen, C.-H. 1955, Die Geschichte vom Goldfisch,
Aquarien und Terrarien, 2. Jahrgang (4): 97-99.
Chevallier, F. 1933, Les poissons exotiques
d’Ornement, Bornemann, Paris, FR, 62 pp.
Chevoleau, Ph. 2008, Les colisas (Les Guides
Aquamag), Animalia Éditions, Maurens, FR, 60 pp.
Christian, W. J. 1952, The aquarist’s guide, The
Aquarist's Journal, Nottingham, UK, 118 pp.
Christie, J. 1962, Tropical aquaria for beginners,
Arco Publications, London, UK, 136 pp.
Chute, W. H. 1934, Tropical Toy Fishes. The National Geographic Magazine, 62 (1): 93-109.
Chute, W. H. 1935, Guide to the John G. Shedd
Aquarium, 2nd ed., Shedd Aquarium Society,
Chicago, US, 220 pp.
Chute, W. H. 1953, Guide to the John G. Shedd
Aquarium, 7th ed., Shedd Aquarium Society,
Chicago, US, 236 pp.
Ciardi, R. 1982, I primi pesci, Editoriale Olimpia,
Firenze, IT, 206 pp.
Clay, W. M. 1962, A field manual of Kentucky
Fishes, Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife
Resources, Frankfort, US, 147 pp.
Coates, C. W. 1933, Tropical Fishes For a Private
Aquarium, Liveright, New York, US, 226 pp.
Coborn, J. 1978, Goldfish Their care and Breeding,
K & R Books, Leicester, UK, 89 pp.
Coborn, J. 1987, Beginner’s guide to Livebearers,
Paradise Press, Southport, Queensland, AU, 44
pp.
Coffey, D. J. 1977, The Encyclopedia of Aquarium
Fish, Pelham Books Limited, London, UK, 224 pp.
Cohen, S. [196?], Enjoy your aquarium, The Pet
Library Ltd., New York, US, 32 pp. [Freude am
Aquarium, 32 pp.]
Cohen, S. [196?], Enjoy your goldfish, The Pet
Library Ltd., New York, US, 32 pp. [Freude am
Goldfisch, 30 pp.]
Cohen, S. [196?], Prevention and care Tropical
Fish Diseases, The Pet Library Ltd., New York, US,
32 pp. [Verhütung und Behandlung von Krankheiten bei Aquarienfischen, 32 pp.]
Coletti, T. D. 2008, Aquarium care of livebearers,
T. F. H. Publications, Neptune City, US, 111 pp.
Collier, J. H. & J. Hooper 1866, The American
parlor aquarium or fluvial aqua vivarium, New York,
US, 143 pp. [not seen]
Costantino, M. 2012, Your freshwater aquarium,
King Books / Parkham Books, Tenbury Wells, UK,
224 pp.
[Cooke, M. C.] 1867, Sticklebacks’ nests. Hardwicke’s Science-Gossip, 2: 5-6. [see also Aquaria,
42
Hardwicke’s Science-Gossip, 2: 45]
Copin, L. 1946, Poissons Exotiques d’Aquarium,
Vaillant-Carmanne, Liège, BE, 86 pp.
Cotič, D. & D. Vrščaj 1988, Sladkovodni akvarij,
ČZP Kmečki glas, Ljubljana, SI, 321 pp.
Cotton, W. Harold 1935, Aquaria and Garden
Ponds, Black, London, UK, 90 pp.
Couch, J. 1865, A history of the Fishes of the British
Islands, Groombridge and Sons, London, UK, 439
pp.
Crossman, E. J. 1976, Quetico Fishes, Royal
Ontario Museum / The Quetico Foundation,
Toronto, CA, 86 pp.
Cust, G. 1976, A guide to Tropical Aquarium
Fishes, Hamlyn, London, UK, 96 pp.
Cust, G. & P. Bird 1970, Tropical Freshwater
Aquaria, Hamlyn, London, UK, 159 pp.
Cust, G. & G. Cox 1972, Tropical Aquarium Fishes
(freshwater & marine), Hamlyn, London, UK, 144
pp.
Dagry, M. [1935/8?], Les aquariums (les plantes,
les poissons), les maladies des poissons
d’aquarium, les poissons exotiques vivipares,
Dagry Etablissements de pisciculture, Paris, FR, 58
pp. [partly published as: L’art d’élever les poissons
d’aquarium in Bulletin Français de la Pisciculture,
No. 72, 73, 74, 78, 79, 82, 84 (1934 – 1935)]
Darmangeat, P. 1989, Aquariums, Chamalières et
Éditions J’ai lu, Paris, FR, 143 pp.
Datskewitsj, V. 1975, Multi-coloured Fins, Progress, Moscow, SU, 32 pp.
Dauner, H. 1989, L'aquarium (Choix, décoration,
entretien, alimentation et soins des poisons),
Éditions De Vecchi S.A., Paris, FR, 63 pp.
Davies, C. et al. 2004, Freshwater Fishes in Britain,
The Species and Their Distribution, Harley Books,
Colchester, UK, 176 pp.
Dawes, J. A. 1983, A guide to the care of
Freshwater Tropical Fish, Aquarian Advisory
Service, Halifax, UK, 19 pp.
Dawes, J. A. 1984, The freshwater aquarium,
questions and answers, Robert Royce, London,
UK, 126 pp.
Dawes, J. A. 1987, A practical guide to keeping
Freshwater Aquarium Fishes, Hamlyn, Twickenham, UK, 156 pp.
Dawes, J. A. 1999, The concise encyclopedia of
Popular Freshwater Tropical Fish, Parragon, Bath,
UK, 256 pp.
Dawson, J. W. 1859, On a new species of
stickleback (Gasterosteus gymnetes). The Canadian Naturalist and Geologist, 4 (5): 321-324.
Day, F. 1875-1878, The fishes of India; being a
natural history of the fishes known to inhabit the
seas and fresh waters of India, Burma, and Ceylon.
London, UK, part 1 (1875): 1-168, part 2 (1876):
169-368, part 3 (1877): 369-552, Part 4 (1878):
553-779.
Day, F. 1887, British and Irish Salmonidae,
Richard van der Laan: Freshwater Fish List 3-1-2016
Williams and Norgate, London, UK, 298 pp.
DCG 1995, Cichliden, Deutsche CichlidenGesellschaft, Frankfurt, DE, 256 pp.
Dean, B. 1916 (1917 & 1923), A bibliography of
fishes I (Authors’ Titles A-K), II (Authors’ Titles L-Z)
& III (including indices, general bibliographies,
periodicals relating to fishes, early works, voyages
and expeditions, addenda, and errata of volumes I
and II), American Museum of Natural History, New
York, US, 718, 702 & 707 pp. [very useful as an
index of old journals with articles about aquarium
fishes (for example, Akvarium Moskva, Aquarium
(US), The Aquarium in Australia (Aquarium Society
of New South Wales), Aquatic Life (US), Blätter für
Aquarien- und Terrarienfreunde, Blätter für
Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde, Bulletin de la
Société Imperiale Zoologique d’Acclimatation de
France, Bulletin de la Société d’Acclimatation de
France, Bulletin de la Société Nationale
d’Acclimatation de France, Bulletin of the Brooklyn
Aquarium Society, Deutsche Fischerei-Korrespondenz, Deutsche Fischerei Zeitung, Forest &
Stream (US), Kosmos (Stuttgart), Natur und Haus,
Naturfreund St. Petersburg, Nerthus (Altona),
Praktische Zierfischzüchter, Revue des Sciences
Naturelles Appliquées, Wochenschrift, Zoologische
Garten, Zurn. Obsc. Liub. Komn. Rast. St.
Petersburg (= ? Žurnal Obščestva Ljubov’ Komn. i
Rast., Sankt-Peterburg, in French: Journal de la
Société des Amateurs de plantes et d'aquariums,
St.-Pétersbourg); authors’ names A-K upto 1914
and authors’ names L-Z upto 1915 / 1916 / 1917;
see also the entries under the heading “aquarium
fishes” in III: 373-379 and “pond culture” in III: 560571]
Degen, B. [197?], Aquarien-ABC für gehobene
Ansprüche, Hanseatic-Verlag, Bremen, DE, 32 pp.
Degen, B. [197?], Farbenprächtige Exoten,
Hanseatic-Verlag, Bremen, DE, 32 pp.
Degen, B. [199?], Das neue Diskusbuch, 2.
Auflage, Bernd Degen, Kollnburg, DE, 64 pp.
Degen, B. & J. Schmidt 2011, 8000 Aquarienfische,
Ulmer, Stuttgart, DE, 1056 pp.
Delaval, A. 1899, Élevage de Poissons Télescopes
de la Chine et du Japon à Saint-Max-Lez-Nancy.
Bulletin de la Société nationale d’Acclimatation de
France, 46: 345-358.
Delaval, A. 1902, Un poisson telescope à trois
queues. Bulletin de la Société nationale d’Acclimatation de France, 49: 7-9.
Denlinger, M. G. 1953, The complete book of
Tropical Fish, Denlinger’s, Richmond, US, 158 pp.
Depp, N. de 1897, L'aquarium serre d'un amateur
de pisciculture, en Russie. Bulletin de la Société
nationale d’Acclimatation de France, 44: 439-446.
Deraniyagala, P. E. P. 1952, A colored atlas of
some vertebrates from Ceylon Volume One Fishes,
Ceylon National Museums Publication. The Ceylon
Government Press, Colombo, LK, 147 pp.
Diagram Group 1982, Caring for your fish,
Frederick Warne, London, UK, 47 pp.
Dickinson, C. 2007, Aquarium Care of Cichlids, T.
F. H. Publications, Neptune City, US, 111 pp.
Ditchfield, F. (publisher) [195?], Cold Water Aquarium (Ditchfield's little wonder books No. 13), Frank
Ditchfield Pet Book Publisher, Edinburgh, UK, 32 p.
Ditchfield, F. (publisher) [195?], Goldfish, care of
goldfish kept in bowls or small aquariums (Ditchfield's little wonder books No. 15), Frank Ditchfield,
London, UK, 32 p.
Ditchfield, F. (publisher) [195?], Tropical Aquarium
(Ditchfield's little wonder books No. 24), Frank
Ditchfield Pet Book Publisher, Edinburgh, UK, 32 p.
Ditchfield, F. (publisher) [195?], Tropical Fish
Keeping (Ditchfield's little wonder books No. 27),
Frank Ditchfield Pet Book Publisher, Edinburgh,
UK, 32 p.
Ditchfield, F. (publisher) [196?], Goldfish, kept in
bowl or aquarium (Ditchfield's little wonder books
No. 15), Ditchfield’s British Books, Chorley, UK, 32
p.
Dorsman Cz, L. 1908, Alvertjes. De Levende
Natuur, 13 (4/5): 72-73.
Dottrens, É. 1951, Les Poissons d'eau douce I Des
Lamproies aux Salmonidés, Delachaux & Niestlé,
Neuchâtel, CH, 186 pp.
Dottrens, É. 1952, Les Poissons d'eau douce II Des
Siluridés aux Cyprinidés, Delachaux & Niestlé,
Neuchâtel, CH, 227 pp.
Dow, G. S. 1976, Your aquarium / your vacation /
your relocation, T. F. H. Publications, Hong Kong,
64 pp.
Drew, W. et al. 1974, The Nature of Fish (The
illustrated Natural History of Canada), Natural
Science of Canada Ltd., Toronto, CA, 160 pp.
Duijn, C. van 1967, Diseases of Fishes, 2nd ed.,
Iliffe Books, London, UK, 309 pp.
Dulin, M. 1983, Fish Diseases, 2nd ed., T. F. H.
Publications, Neptune City, US, 93 pp.
Dutta, R. 1951, The right way to Keep Pet Fish, 2nd
ed., Elliot, Kingswood, UK, 156 pp.
Dutta, R. 1965, Tropical Fish and Fish Tanks,
Collins, London, UK, 128 pp.
Dutta, R. 1969, Pelham manual for Fish Tank
Owners, Pelham Books, London, UK, 154 pp.
Dutta, R. 1971, Beginner’s guide to Tropical Fish
and Fish Tanks, Pelham Books, London, UK, 124
pp.
Dutta, R. 1972, Tropical Fish (Setting up and
maintaining Freshwater and Marine Aquaria),
Octopus Books, London, UK, 176 pp.
Dutta, R. 1973, Beginners guide to Tropical Fish
and Fish Tanks, 2nd ed., Sphere Books, London,
UK, 159 pp.
Dutta, R. 1973, The right way to Keep Pet Fish, 7th
ed., Elliot, Kingswood, UK, 127 pp.
Dutta, R. 1975, Beginner’s guide to tropical fish,
Pelham Books, London, UK, 179 pp.
43
Aquarium books
Dzwillo, M. 1961, Lebengebärende Zahnkarpfen
(Kleine DATZ-Bücher Nr. 12), Alfred Kernen
Verlag, Stuttgart, DE, 48 pp.
Eddy, S. 1969, How to know The Freshwater
Fishes, 2nd ed., Brown Company Publishers,
Dubuque, US, 286 pp.
Eddy, S. & J. C. Underhill 1974, Northern Fishes,
3rd ed., University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis,
US, 414 pp.
Elson, G. & O. Lucanus 2002, The Barbs Aquarium,
Barron's Educational Series, Hauppauge, US, 94
pp.
Elwin, M. G. [1946], First steps in aquarium keeping
(Water Life Series No. 1), 3rd ed., Poultry World,
London, UK, 32 pp.
Elwin, M. G. [1960], Tropical Fishes, 6th ed., Cage
Birds and Fishkeeping, London, UK, 64 pp. [edition
1 (An introduction to Tropical Fish) 1939 upto
edition 5: Water Life Series No. 9]
Emmens, C. W. 1974, How to keep and breed
Tropical Fish, 7th ed., T. F. H. Publications, Neptune
City, US, 250 pp.
Emmens, C. W. & H. R. Axelrod 1967, Gouramis in
color, T. F. H. Publications, Jersey City, US, 31 pp.
Emmens, C. W. & H. R. Axelrod 1968, Catfish, T.
F. H. Publications, Jersey City, US, 96 pp.
Emmens, C. W. & H. R. Axelrod 1969, Angel fish ...
in color, T. F. H. Publications, Hong Kong, 31 pp.
Engelhardt, H. 1952, Aquariumfreund gib acht!
(Perlen-Reihe Band 104), 2. Auflage, Pechan,
Wien, AT, 128 pp.
Engelhardt, H. 1977, Alles für den Zierfischfreund
und seine bunte Aquarienwelt (Perlen-Reihe Band
104), 9. Auflage, Pechans Perlen-Reihe, Wien, AT,
168 pp.
Engmann, P. [1909], Nordamerikanische Sonnenfische (Centrarchidae) (Bibliothek für Aquarienund Terrarienkunde Heft 17), Gustav Wenzel &
Sohn, Braunschweig, DE, 52 pp. [not seen]
Engmann, P. [1911], Die Cichliden II. Cichliden der
alten Welt (Bibliothek für Aquarien- und
Terrarienkunde Heft 22), Gustav Wenzel & Sohn,
Braunschweig, DE, 34 pp. [not seen]
Engmann, P. 1911, Die Cichliden III. Cichliden der
neuen Welt (Bibliothek für Aquarien- und
Terrarienkunde Heft 26), Gustav Wenzel & Sohn,
Braunschweig, DE, 41 pp. [not seen]
Engmann, P. 1920, Der Chanchito, Die Cichliden I.
Teil (Bibliothek für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde
Heft 12), 3. Auflage, Gustav Wenzel & Sohn,
Braunschweig, DE, 38 pp.
Engmann, P. 1920, Der Scheibenbarsch und
Ambassis lala (Bibliothek für Aquarien- und
Terrarienkunde Heft 17), 3. Auflage, Gustav
Wenzel & Sohn, Braunschweig, DE, 30 pp.
Engmann, P. [1922], Der Makropode oder
Großflosser (Bibliothek für Aquarien- und
Terrarienkunde Heft 2), 8. Auflage, Gustav Wenzel
& Sohn, Braunschweig, DE, 50 pp.
44
Engmann, P. [1923], Der Chanchito, Die Cichliden
I. Teil (Bibliothek für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde
Heft 12), 4. Auflage, Gustav Wenzel & Sohn,
Braunschweig, DE, 38 pp.
Engmann, P. [192?], Nordamerikanische Sonnenfische (Centrarchidae) (Bibliothek für Aquarienund Terrarienkunde Heft 25), 4. Auflage, Gustav
Wenzel & Sohn, Braunschweig, DE, 39 pp.
Engmann, P. [192?], Die Cichliden IV. Teil
Cichliden der neuen Welt (Bibliothek für Aquarienund Terrarienkunde Heft 46), Gustav Wenzel &
Sohn, Braunschweig, DE, 35 pp.
Engmann, P. [192?], Die Cichliden V. Teil Cichliden
der neuen Welt (Bibliothek für Aquarien- und
Terrarienkunde Heft 47), Gustav Wenzel & Sohn,
Braunschweig, DE, 40 pp.
Engmann, P. & M. Günter [>1927], Pterophyllum
scalare Cuv. et Val. (Bibliothek für Aquarien- und
Terrarienkunde Heft 42), 2. Auflage, Gustav
Wenzel & Sohn, Braunschweig, DE, 50 pp.
Engmann, P. & J. P. Arnold [1934], Nordamerikanische Sonnenfische (Centrarchidae) (Bibliothek
für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde Heft 17/25), 5.
Auflage, Gustav Wenzel & Sohn, Braunschweig,
DE, 54 pp.
Ennema, M. C. 1923, Interessante aquariumbewoners. De Levende Natuur, 27 (11): 343-345.
Ennema, M. C. 1928, Het tropisch gezelschapsaquarium. De Levende Natuur, 33 (8): 253-257.
Ervin, M. [196?], Enjoy your mollies, The Pet
Library Ltd., New York, New Jersey, US, 32 pp.
[Freude an Mollies]
Evans, A. 1951, Aquariums, Foyle, London, UK,
113 pp.
Evans, A. 1973, Goldfish, rev. ed., Foyle, London,
UK, 96 pp.
Evans, A. 1976, Aquariums, rev. ed., Foyle,
London, UK, 119 pp.
Evans, M. 1993, How to look after your pet Fish,
Dorling Kindersley, London, UK, 45 pp.
Fabichak, D. & W. Fabichak 1977, Peixes de
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Fabre-Domergue, P. 1923, L’aquarium tropical
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Fauwe, W. H. de 1910, Het open aquarium. De
Levende Natuur, 14 (9): 175-177.
Fauwe, W. H. de 1910, Het open aquarium. De
Levende Natuur, 14 (10): 193-195.
Favré, H. 1989, Le guide Marabout de l’Aquarium
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pp.
Favré, H. & C. Vast 2002, Le guide de l’aquarium
d’eau douce, Marabout, Paris, FR, 160 pp.
F.B.A.S 1964, Cultivated tropical fish (national
show standards), Booklet No.1, Federation of
British Aquatic Societies, UK, 24 pp.
F.B.A.S 1969, National show fish guides, Booklet
No.2, Federation of British Aquatic Societies, UK,
24 pp.
Richard van der Laan: Freshwater Fish List 3-1-2016
F.B.A.S 1972, National show fish guides, Booklet
No.3, Federation of British Aquatic Societies, UK,
24 pp.
F.B.A.S 1974, National Goldfish standards, National Booklet No.4, Federation of British Aquatic
Societies, UK, 19 pp.
F.B.A.S 1975, National show fish sizes, Booklet
No.6, Federation of British Aquatic Societies, UK,
24 pp.
F.B.A.S 1976, A dictionary of proper and common
names of freshwater fishes, National Booklet No.9,
Federation of British Aquatic Societies, UK, 109 pp.
F.B.A.S 2001, National showfish sizes and
technical information, Federation of British Aquatic
Societies, UK.
Fedra, K. 1969, Das Schulaquarium, Verein
“Freunde des Maroltinger Gymnasiums”, Wien, AT,
94 pp.
Fehse, F. 1973, Das Freiland-Aquarium, 2.
Auflage, Kosmos, Franckh’sche Verlagshandlung,
Stuttgart, DE, 64 pp.
Fels, J. 1978, Les Nothobranchius et leur maintenance en aquarium (Supplément du Killi Revue),
KCF, FR, 61 pp.
Ferraris, Jr. C. 1991, Catfish in the aquarium, Tetra
Press, Morris Plains, New Jersey, US, 199 pp.
Fève, P. 1964, 24 Poissons des eaux douces de
France, Bibliothèque de Travail (Institut Coopératif
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Finley, L. 2009, Catfishes (The complete guide to
the successful care and breeding of more than 100
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Flauaus, G. 1978, Der Goldfisch, Franckh’sche
Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart, DE, 66 pp.
Floericke, K. 1913, Einheimische Fische, Franckh’sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart, DE, 104 pp.
F.N.Z.A.S 2001, National showfish sizes and
technical information, Federation of New Zealand
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Fohrman, K. 2004, Akvarieguide (Back to Nature),
Fohrman Aquaristik AB / Simontorp Säteri AB,
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Forbes, H. O. (ed.) 1897, Malapterurus electricus,
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Fox, K. M. 1992, The Tropical Fishkeeper’s Handbook, Argus Books, Hemel Hempstead, UK, 205
pp.
Frankenberg, G. von 1939, Aquarienpflege für
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Fraser-Brunner, A. 1947, The Guppy, Buckley
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pp.
Fraser-Brunner, A. 1948, Aquarium Techniques for
the beginner, Buckley Press Ltd., The Butts,
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Fraser-Brunner, A. 1950, Cussons book of Tropical
Fishes, Cussons Sons and Co., London, UK, 40 pp.
Fraser-Brunner, A. 1964, The home aquarium,
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Frankenberg, G. von 1952, Das Heimataquarium,
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Frauenfeld, G. 1857, Herr G. Frauenfeld theilt
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Frauenfeld, G. 1861, Schliesslich besprach Herr
von Frauenfeld den eben eröffneten AquarienSalon folgendermassen: …, Verhandlungen der
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Frey, H. 1956, Das Süßwasser Aquarium, 2. Auflage, Neumann Verlag, Radebeul, DE, 227 pp.
Frey, H. 1961, Aquarienpraxis kurz gefaßt, Neumann Verlag, Radebeul, DE, 120 pp.
Frey, H. 1966, Bunte Welt im Glase, 3. Auflage,
Neumann Verlag, Leipzig, DE, 324 pp.
Frey, H. 1976, Das große Lexikon der Aquaristik,
Neumann Verlag, Leipzig, DE, 859 pp.
Frey, H. 1983, Das Süßwasser-Aquarium, 25. Auflage, Neumann Verlag, Leipzig, DE, 313 pp.
Frey, H. 1988, Aquarienpraxis kurz gefaßt, 19. Auflage, Neumann Verlag, Leipzig, DE, 143 pp.
Frey, V. 1992, Lexikon der Aquaristik Band 1 A-D,
Neumann Verlag, Radebeul, DE, 244 pp.
Frickhinger, K. A. 1974, Gesund wie der Fisch im
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Friswold, C. [196?], Enjoy your fancy guppies, The
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Friswold, C. [196?], Enjoy your guppies, The Pet
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Fuller, I. A. M. 2001, Breeding Corydoradine
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Funnell, B. 1947, Livebearers, Buckley Press Ltd.,
The Butts, Brentford, Middlesex, UK, 39 pp. [not
seen]
Ganiel, S. 1985, Vous et vos Poissons d’aquarium,
Les Éditions de l’Homme, Montréal, CA, 149 pp.
Gannon, R. 1974, Starting right with Tropical Fish,
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Garthe 1863, Einiges Berichtigende und
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Der Zoologische Garten, 4: 149-152.
Gärtner, G. 1981, Zahnkarpfen (Die Lebendgebärenden im Aquarium), Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart,
DE, 152 pp.
Gauckler, Ph. 1881, Les poissons d’eau douce et
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Gebhardt, H. & A. Ness 1998, Fische, 4. Auflage,
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Gehlhar, W. [195?], Zierfische für das Aquarium
Teil II: Kaltwasser-Fische (Lehrmeister-Bücherei
Nr. 136), Albrecht Philler Verlag, Minden, DE, 47
45
Aquarium books
pp.
Gehlhar, W. [196?], Aquarien-Fischzucht (Lehrmeister-Bücherei Nr. 1029), Albrecht Philler Verlag,
Minden, DE, 64 pp.
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DE, 62 pp.
Gehlhar, W. [196?], Zierfische für das Aquarium
Teil I: Warmwasser-Fische (Lehrmeister-Bücherei
Nr. 70), Albrecht Philler Verlag, Minden, DE, 64 pp.
Gehlhar, W. [197?], Zierfische für das Aquarium
Teil I: Warmwasser-Fische (Lehrmeister-Bücherei
Nr. 70), Neubearbeitete Auflage, Albrecht Philler
Verlag, Minden, DE, 64 pp.
Gehlhar, W. [197?], Zierfische für das Aquarium
Teil II: Kaltwasser-Fische (Lehrmeister-Bücherei
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Geiler, H. 1951, Fische in Bach und Teich,
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100 pp.
Geis, R. [2000], The Guide to Owning Catfish, T. F.
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Geisler, R. 1963, Aquarium fish diseases, T. F. H.
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Geisler, R. 1963. Aquarium water chemistry, T. F.
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Gerlach, R. 1950, Die Fische, Claasens, Hamburg,
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Gerlach, R. 1964, Die Fische, Büchergilde Gutenberg, Frankfurt am Main, DE, 311 pp.
Geyer, H. 1910, Das Aquarium (Lehrmeister-Bibliothek Nr. 49), Hachmeister & Thal, Leipzig, DE, 48
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Geyer, H. 1927, Zierfische ihre Pflege und Zucht
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Geyer, H. & H. Brüning 1928, Das Aquarium (Lehrmeister-Bücherei Nr. 49), Hachmeister & Thal,
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Giovanetti, T. A. & O. Lucanus 2005, Discus Fish,
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Glade, H. 1966, Das Rätsel der blauen Scalare,
46
Der Morgen, Berlin, DE, 224 pp.
Glaser, L. 1864, Manches Thier ist ein … Der
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Glaser, L. 1866, Der Bestand meines Aquariums ist
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Glaser, L. 1866, Ueber Einrichtung und Behandlung eines Zimmer-Aquariums. Der Zoologische
Garten, 7: 437-444.
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Glass, S. [199?], The Guide to Owning Tetras, T.
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Gohm, D. 1952, Tropical Fish in the home, Arthur
Pearson, London, UK, 144 pp.
Gohm, D. 1970, Tropical Fish, Hamlyn, London,
UK, 143 pp.
Goldstein, R. J. 1971, Anabantoids (Gouramis and
related fishes), T. F. H. Publications, Jersey City,
US, 160 pp.
Goldstein, R. J. 1971, Diseases of aquarium fishes,
T. F. H. Publications, Jersey City, US, 126 pp.
Goldstein, R. J. 1973, Cichlids of the world, T. F. H.
Publications, Neptune City, US, 382 pp.
Goldstein, R. J. 1987, A complete introduction to
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Goode, G. B. 1888, American Fishes (A popular
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Goodwin, D. 2004, The handbook of tropical fish,
D&S Books, Bideford, UK, 256 pp.
Goodwin, D. 2011, The aquarium fish handbook,
Parkham Books, Tenbury Wells, UK, 256 pp.
Gordon, M. 1955, Guppies ... as pets, T. F. H.
Publications, New Jersey, US, 32 pp.
Gordon, M. 1956, Siamese fighting fish, T. F. H.
Publications, New Jersey, US, 32 pp.
Gordon, M. 1956?, Swordtails, T. F. H. Publications, New Jersey, US, 24 pp.
Gordon, M. 1960, Spiegelkärpflinge, T. F. H.
Publications, New Jersey, US, 32 pp.
Gorka, S. 1916, A hazai édesvizi kagylók kopoltyújának és szájvitorlájának szerepe a táplálkozásban, Stephaneum, Budapest, HU, 318 pp. [not
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Gossot, P. 1946, Ce qu’il faut savoir de Poissons
des Eaux Douces de France, Paul Lechevalier,
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Graeffe, E. 1861, Das Süsswasser-Aquarium
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Aquarien und Instandhaltung derselben, sowie
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also not seen]
Grant, L. J. 1969, Wondrous world of Fishes,
enlarged edition, National Geographic Society,
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Grobe, J. 1955, So oder so? (Kleine DATZ-Bücher
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Richard van der Laan: Freshwater Fish List 3-1-2016
Groot, J. C. D. 1915, Over het verplegen en
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Guarini, O. [1931], L’aquarium, Guarini, Bruxelles,
BE, 32 pp.
Guarini, O. [1933], L’Aquarium de Poissons Exotiques (culture et entretien), Imprimerie Havaux,
Nivelles, BE, 78 + 32 pp.
Gunkel, E. 1974, Quellennachweis (aus den Fachzeitschriften der Vivaristik von 1948 – 1973), Verlag
H. Langmack, Müssen, DE, 473 pp. [+ 1. Nachtrag
aus den Fachzeitschriften der Vivaristik 1974 –
1975 128 pp.]
Gutjahr, A. 2003, Knaurs Lexikon der Aquarienfische, Knaur, München, DE, 368 pp.
Gutjahr, A. 2008, Fische für den Gartenteich, 2.
Auflage, Gräfe und Unzer, München, DE, 62 pp.
György, L. 1966, Korszerű akvarisztika, Gondolat
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Haas, R. [196?], Enjoy breeding egg-layers, The
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Haas, R. [196?], Enjoy breeding livebearers, The
Pet Library Ltd., New York, US, 32 pp. [Freude an
der Aufzucht von Lebendgebärenden, 32 pp.]
Haas, R. [196?], Know your aquarium, The Pet
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Hagemann, E. [196?], Teichwirtschaft (Lehrmeister-Bücherei Nr. 76), Albrecht Philler Verlag,
Minden, DE, 160 pp.
Hagenbüchli, F. 1956, Das schöne Aquarium, 2.
Auflage, Nordwestdeutsche Verlagsanstalt, Hannover, DE, 188 pp.
Hall, C. B. 1949, Ponds and fish culture, for
pleasure or profit, Faber and Faber, London, UK,
244 pp.
Halstead, B. W. & B. L. Landa 1975, Tropical Fish,
Golden Press, New York, US, 160 pp.
Hamera, J. 2011, Parlor Ponds (The Cultural Work
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Hamlin, C. 1986, Robert Warington and the Moral
Economy of the Aquarium. Journal of the History of
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Hancock, A. 1852, Observations on the Nidification
of Gasterosteus aculeatus and Gasterosteus
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Hargrove, M., Hargrove, M. & Brown, D. 2000, The
Discus, Howell Book House, Forster City, US, 125
pp.
Harman, I. 1950, Fishponds and Aquariums,
Sidgwick & Jackson Limited, London, UK, 128 pp.
Harman, I. 1951, Tropical Aquariums, 3rd ed.,
Sidgwick & Jackson Limited, London, UK, 168 pp.
Harper, D. 1986, Love your goldfish and fancy
coldwater fish, Foulsham & Co, London, 64 pp.
Harper, D. 1986, Love your tropical fish, Foulsham
& Co, London, 64 pp.
Harper, D. 2007, Aquarium Fish, Collins, London,
192 pp.
Harrison, C. 1982, Popular Tropical Fish for your
aquarium, Foulsham & Co, Slough, UK, 104 pp.
Harrison, C. J. 1976, Tropical Fish, John
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Harrison, C. J. 1984, Choosing Tropical Fish,
Hamlyn, London, UK, 32 pp.
Harrison, C. J. 1984, Goldfish, Hamlyn, London,
UK, 32 pp.
Harrison, C. J. 1984, Keeping Tropical Fish,
Hamlyn, London, UK, 32 pp.
Heckel, J. & R. Kner 1858, Die Süsswasserfische
der Östreichischen Monarchie (mit Rücksicht auf
die angräzenden Länder), Wilhelm Engelmann,
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Heidmann, J. 1974, L'aquarium familial (comment
installer un aquarium), Fécomme et Cie, VilleParisis, FR, 55 pp.
Heidmann, J. & P. Rousselet-Blanc 1977, Pour
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Heimans, E. 1897, Het aquarium (Inrichting en
beplanting). De Levende Natuur, 2 (7): 158-161.
Heimans, E. 1899, Bittervoorn en Schildersmossel.
De Levende Natuur, 3 (12): 221-227.
Heimans, E. 1899, De modderkruiper. De Levende
Natuur, 4 (4/5): 124-127.
Heimans, E. 1901, Een kweekerij voor Siervisschen in Nederland. De Levende Natuur, 6 (9):
202-203.
Heimans, E. 1902, Paradijs-Vischjes. De Levende
Natuur, 7 (2): 32-34.
Heimans, E. 1902, Paradijs-Vischjes. De Levende
Natuur, 7 (3): 51-52.
Heimans, E. 1903, Aquarium en terrarium. De
Levende Natuur, 8 (5): 92-96.
Heimans, E. 1903, Aquarium en terrarium. De
Levende Natuur, 8 (6): 106-109.
Heimans, E. 1906, Het winter-aquarium. De
Levende Natuur, 10 (10): 189-191.
Heimans, E. 1906, Aquarium en terrarium. De
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Hellbach, A. [1907/8], Das Zimmer-Aquarium: eine
Abhandlung über Beschaffung und Einrichtung
desselben auf möglichst billigem Wege und mit
besonderer Berücksichtigung der Fischkrankheiten, Max Fiederer, Nürnberg, DE, 62 pp.
Heller, C. 1913, Das Süßwasser-Aquarium: ein
Stück Natur im Hause (Naturwissenschaftliche
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Heller, C. [1924], Das Süßwasser-Aquarium: ein
Stück Natur im Hause (Naturwissenschaftliche
Bibliothek für Jugend und Volk), 3. Auflage, Quelle
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47
Aquarium books
Hemdal, J. F. 2008, Mini-Aquariums (Basic aquarium setup and maintenance), BowTie Press,
Laguna Hills, US 144 pp.
Hemdal, J. F. 2014, Your first aquarium, T. F. H.
Publications, Neptune City, US, 111 pp.
Hems, J. 1952, Exotic egg-laying fishes, 2nd ed.,
Buckley Press, Brentford, UK, 39 pp.
Hems, J. [1972], Your aquarium, Photo Precision,
Huntingdon, UK, 32 pp.
Hems, J. [1975], Your goldfish, Colourmaster,
Huntingdon, UK, 32 pp.
Hems, J. [1976?], Your angel fish, Colourmaster,
Huntingdon, UK, 32 pp.
Hems, J. 1982, The aquarium (Colourguide 8),
South Group, Leicester, UK, 32 pp.
Hems, J. 1982, Angel fishes (Colourguide 15),
South Group, Leicester, UK, 32 pp.
Hems, J. 1982, Garden ponds (Colourguide 10),
South Group, Leicester, UK, 32 pp.
Hems, J. 1982, Goldfishes (Colourguide 9), South
Group, Leicester, UK, 32 pp.
[? J. Hems 198?], Deine Diskusfische, Alfred
Kapust, Bremen, DE, 31 pp.
[? J. Hems 198?], Deine Goldfische, Alfred Kapust,
Bremen, DE, 29 pp.
Hems, J. & G. F. Hervey 1947, The History of the
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Henkel, F., H. Baum & K. Stansch 1907, Die
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seine Anlage, Pflege und Unterhaltung, Darmstadt,
74 pp. [not seen]
Henrie, F. 1980, Fish (Junior Petkeeper’s Library),
Franklin Watts, London, UK, 32 pp.
Hérissé, J. 1963, L’aquarium de poissons exotiques, Bibliothèque de Travail (Institut Coopératif
de l'école moderne, Cannes), no. 570/571: 1-35.
Herrmann, H.-J. 1996, Aqualex catalog Tanganjikasee Cichliden / Cichlids from Tanganyika,
Dähne Verlag, Ettlingen, DE, 15+ pp.
Hervey, G. F. & J. Hems 1958, The book of the
Garden Pond, The Garden Book Club, London, UK,
192 pp.
Hervey, G. F. & J. Hems 1970, The book of the
Garden Pond, 2nd ed., Faber and Faber, London,
UK, 211 pp.
Hervey, G. F. & J. Hems 1973, A guide to
freshwater aquarium fishes, Hamlyn, London, UK,
176 pp.
Heß, W. 1886, Das Süßwasseraquarium und seine
Bewohner (Ein Leitfaden für die Anlage und Pflege
von Süßwasseraquarien), Ferdinand Ente,
Stuttgart, DE, 255 pp. [not seen]
Hibberd, S. 1857, Rustic Adornments for homes of
taste, 2nd ed., Groombridge & Sons, London, UK,
508 pp.
Hibberd, S. 1860, Management of aquaria.
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Hieronimus, H. 1989, Welse: Biologie und Haltung
48
in der aquaristischen Praxis, Verlag Eugen Ulmer,
Stuttgart, DE, 256 pp.
Hieronimus, H. 1991, Guppy, Platy, Molly und
andere Lebendgebärende, Gräfe und Unzer,
München, DE, 72 pp.
Hiscock, P. 2000, Creating a natural aquarium,
Interpet Publishing, Dorking, UK, 141 pp.
Hiscock, P. 2007, Today's essential guide to
keeping Community Fishes, Interpet Publishing,
Dorking, UK, 96 pp.
Hodge, A. E. 1927, Peeps at the “Zoo” aquarium,
Black, London, UK, 84 pp.
Hodge, C. F. 1902, Nature Study and Life: Chapter
XXIV Aquaria, Ginn & Company, Boston, US, pp.
393-404 of 497 pp.
Hodgson, N. B. [1945], Freshwater Fishes of the
British Isles, John Crowther, Bognor Regis, UK, 64
pp.
Hoedeman, J. J. & J. C. M. de Jong (eds.) 1949 –
1957 (+ ?), Encyclopedia of Water Life, De Regenboog, Amsterdam, NL, looseleaf edition, [seen until
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Hofer, R. [1986], Süßwasserfische Kompaß, Gräfe
und Unzer, München, DE, 79 pp.
Hoffmann P. L. [1968?], Kleine Aquarienkunde,
Urania Verlag, Leipzig, DE, 96 pp.
Hohl, D. (ed.) 2001, Festschrift zum 90jährigen
Jubiläum, Verband Deutscher Vereine für
Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde e. V., DE, 432 pp.
Hohl, D. 2011, 100 Jahre VDA, Verband Deutscher
Vereine für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde e. V.,
DE, 252 pp.
Hohl, G. & D. Hohl 1989, Aquarien und Kinder, 3.
Auflage, Urania Verlag, Leipzig, DE, 120 pp.
Højgaard, M. & G. Mandahl-Barth 1942, Fra
Fiskenes Verden, Gyldendalske Boghandel Nordisk Forlag, København, DK, 243 pp.
Hoke, J. 1978, Aquariums, Franklin Watts, London,
UK, 71 pp.
Holčík, J. & J. Mihálik 1968, Freshwater Fishes,
Spring Books, London, UK, 128 pp.
Hollander, J. von 1972, Das Heyne Aquariumbuch,
Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, München, DE, 156 pp.
Honders, J. (ed.) 1975, The World of Fish, Peebles
Press, New York, US, 160 pp.
Horn, P. & S. Zsilinszky 1970, Akvarisztika
gyakorlati díszhaltenyésztés, Natura, Budapest,
HU, 283 pp.
Horn, P. & S. Zsilinszky 1988, Akvarisztika
gyakorlati díszhaltenyésztés, 2nd ed., Natura,
Budapest, HU, 319 pp.
Houghton, W. 1879, British Fresh-water Fishes,
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pp.
Houte de Lange, W. G. ten 1908, Uit ons Indië. De
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Hubbs, C. L. & K. F. Lagler 1947, Fishes of the
Great Lakes region, Cranbrook Institute of Science,
Bloomfield Mills, US, 186 pp.
Richard van der Laan: Freshwater Fish List 3-1-2016
Innes, W. T. 1935, Exotic Aquarium Fishes, 2nd ed.,
Innes Publishing Company, Philadelphia, US, 471
pp.
Innes, W. T. [1936], The complete Aquariumbook,
Blue Ribbon Books, London, UK, 317 pp.
Innes, W. T. 1949, The modern aquarium, 18th ed.,
Innes Publishing Company, Philadelphia, US, 63
pp.
Innes, W. T. 1952, Aquarium Highlights consisting
of Reprints of the Most Popular Articles from the
monthly magazine “The Aquarium” since 1932, 2nd
ed., Innes Publishing Company, Philadelphia, US,
519 pp.
Innes, W. T. 1960, The modern aquarium, 19th ed.,
The Aquarium Publishing Company, Norristown,
US, 63 pp.
Jackson, P. B. N. & T. Ribbink 1975, Mbuna (Rockdwelling cichlids of Lake Malawi, Africa), T. F. H.
Publications, Hong Kong, 128 pp.
Jacob, S. 1886, Student’s Aquarium (marine and
fresh water), how to make and manage, Newport,
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Jacobs, K. 1964, Im Jahre 1797 begann die
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Jäger, G. 1868, Das Leben im Wasser und das
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384 pp.
Jahn, J. 1973, Der kleine Gartenteich (LehrmeisterBücherei Nr. 115), Albrecht Philler Verlag, Minden,
DE, 64 pp.
Jarrett, V. H. C. 1936, The origin of small home
aquaria. The Hong Kong Naturalist, 7: 15-19.
Jauch, D. 1993, Goldfische und Kois in Aquarium
und Gartenteich, 5. Auflage, Gräfe und Unzer,
München, DE, 56 pp.
Jenkins, J. T. 1925, The Fishes of the British Isles,
Frederick Warne & Co, London, UK, 376 pp.
Jepson, L. 2011, Aquarium, Magnet & Steel,
Llandow, UK, 128 pp.
Jerič, R. 1977, Svet akvaristike, ČZP Kmečki glas,
Ljubljana, SI, 114 pp.
Jerič, R. 1982, Svet akvaristike, 2nd ed., ČZP
Kmečki glas, Ljubljana, SI, 124 pp.
Jerič, R. 1984, Spoznavajmo akvarijske ribe, ČZP
Kmečki glas, Ljubljana, SI, 231 pp.
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Johnson, S. C. & W. B. Johnson [1921], Freshwater
Fishes, Epworth Press, London, UK, 64 pp.
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Fishes, Gowans & Gray, London, UK, 69 pp.
Joly, N. 1873, Études sur les moeurs, le développement et les métamorphoses d'un petit poisson
chinois (1) du genre Macropode (Macropodus
Paradisi, Nobis) (2). Mémoires de l'Académie
royale des sciences, inscriptions et belles-lettres de
Toulouse, Septième Série, 5: 312-340.
Jordan, D. S. 1904, A Loach from Nanaimo.
Science, New Series, 19 (485): 634-635.
Jordan, D. S. & H. E. Copeland 1876, Johnny
Darters. The American Naturalist, 10 (6): 335-341.
Jordan, D. S. & H. E. Copeland 1877, The Sand
Darter. The American Naturalist, 11 (2): 86-88.
Julian, T. W. 1974, The Concise Encyclopedia of
Tropical Fish, Octopus Books, London, UK, 189 pp.
Kafka, J. 1885, Akvarium, jeho živočišstvo a
rostlinstvo (Návod ku zřizování, oživování a
ošetřování akvarií a terrarií), Reinwart, Prague, CZ,
58 pp. [not seen]
Kahl, B. 1978, Salmler (Lehrmeister-Bücherei Nr.
79), Albrecht Philler Verlag, Minden, DE, 94 pp.
Kahl, B. 1988, Aquarienfische, Gräfe und Unzer,
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Katterns, L. B. 1967, Keeping tropical fish, rev. ed.,
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Katterns, L. B. 1971, Tropical Fish and Aquaria,
Cassell, London, UK, 101 pp.
Katterns, L. B. 1972, Garden Ponds and Indoor
Water Gardens, Cassell, London, UK, 86 pp.
Kelly, J. 1984, Illustrated teach yourself Aquaria,
Treasure Press, London, UK, 94 pp.
Kirstein, G. & F. Quelle 1953, Mein Aquarium,
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Klee, A. J. [196?], Know how to breed livebearers,
The Pet Library Ltd., New York, New Jersey, US,
64 pp.
Klee, A. J. 2003, The Toy Fish (A History of the
Aquarium Hobby in America – The First OneHundred Years), Revised Edition, Finley Aquatic
Books, Pascoag, US, 204 pp. [with a fine
enumeration of all the early American aquarium
literature]
Klingbeil, K. 1964, Das bunte Aquarien-Buch,
Bertelsmann, Gütersloh, DE, 191 pp.
Klunzinger, C. B. 1909, Belehrender Begleiter für
Aquarien- und Terrarienfreunde (bei Ausflügen und
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89 pp. [not seen]
Knaack, K. 1978, Killifische (Lehrmeister-Bücherei
Nr. 77), Albrecht Philler Verlag, Minden, DE, 79 pp.
Knauer, F. 1905, Die Tierwelt unserer SüßwasserAquarien, Manz, Regensburg, DE, 192 pp. [not
seen]
49
Aquarium books
Knowles, F. G. W. 1953, Freshwater and Salt-water
Aquaria, Harrap & Co, London, UK, 174 pp.
Kobayagawa, M. 1992, Faszination Welse, 2. Aufl.,
Bede Verlag, Kollnburg, DE, 157 pp.
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Konings, A. 1990, Konings’s book of Cichlids and
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Kopczynska, M & M. J. Gorazdowski 2000, Moje
pierwsze akwarium, Agencja Wydawnicza "Egros",
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Koslowski, I. 1985, Die Buntbarsche der Neuen
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192 pp.
Kramer, K. & H. Weise 1952, Aquarienkunde, 2.
Auflage, Gustav Wenzel & Sohn, Braunschweig,
DE, 356 pp.
Krantz, C. 1891, Le silure du Volga en aquarium.
Revue des Sciences Naturelles Appliquées, 38:
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Krebs, I. 1956, Kleines Lexikon für Aquarienfreunde und Sportfischer (Perlen-Reihe Band 124),
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La Corte, R. S. [196?], Enjoy the barbs, The Pet
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[Freude an Barben]
La Corte, R. S. [196?], Enjoy your cichlids, The Pet
Library Ltd., New York, New Jersey, US, 32 pp.
[Freude an Cichliden, 32 pp.]
La Corte, R. S. [196?], Enjoy the tetras, The Pet
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[Freude an Tetras, 32 pp.]
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Lachapelle, S. & H. Mistry 2014, From the Waters
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Ladiges, W. 1934, Tropische Zierfische, Aquarium
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Ladiges, W. 1949, Zierfisch Bilderbuch, Wenzel &
Sohn, Braunschweig, DE, 180 pp.
Ladiges, W. 1951, Der Fisch in der Landschaft, 2.
Auflage, Wenzel & Sohn, Braunschweig, DE, 182
pp.
50
Ladiges, W. 1951, Durch Dschungel und Urwald,
Wenzel & Sohn, Braunschweig, DE, 158 pp.
Ladiges, W. 1953, Neonfische, Sebastian Lux,
Murnau, DE, 56 pp.
Ladiges, W. 1962, Barben (Kleine DATZ-Bücher
Nr. 13), Alfred Kernen Verlag, Stuttgart, DE, 48 pp.
Ladiges, W. 1963, Bärblinge und ihre Verwandten
(Kleine DATZ-Bücher Nr. 17), Alfred Kernen
Verlag, Stuttgart, DE, 48 pp.
Ladiges, W. 1976, Kaltwasserfische in Haus und
Garten, TetraWerke, Melle, DE, 78 pp.
Ladiges, W. & D. Vogt 1965, Die Süßwasserfische
Europas, Paul Parey, Hamburg, DE, 250 pp.
Lagler, K. F., J. E. Bardach & R. R. Miller 1962,
Ichthyology, John Wiley & Sons, New York, US,
545 pp.
Lagler, K. F., J. E. Bardach, R. R. Miller & D. R. May
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Sons, New York, US, 506 pp.
Laita, H. & G. Aparicio 2005, 100 Peces Argentinos, Editorial Albatros, Buenos Aires, AR, 160 pp.
Lake, J. S. 1971, Freshwater Fishes of Australia,
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Lambert, D. J. [2000], The Guide to Owning
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64 pp.
Lambert, D. J. 1997, Identifying Freshwater Aquarium Fish (The new compact study guide and
identifier), Chartwell Books, Edison, US, 80 pp.
Lambourne, D. 1995, Corydoras Catfish, Blandford, London, UK, 127 pp.
Lampert, K. 1925, Das Leben der Binnengewässer,
3. Auflage, Chr. Herm. Tauchnitz, Leipzig, DE, 892
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Langer, E. 1877, Das Aquarium und seine Bewohner als Zimmer- und Gartenschmuck (Eine
Anleitung zur Herstellung und Pflege desselben,
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seen]
Larsen, B. B. & F. Ingemann Hansen 1986, Maller,
Clausen Boger, København, DK, 60 pp.
Lass, D. A. 2008, Angelfish, understanding and
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144 pp.
Latimer-Sayer, D. 1954, Teach yourself Indoor
Aquaria, English Universities Press, London, UK,
185 pp.
Laué, G. 2008, Les discus genre Symphysodon
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Laurence, E. & S. Harniess [199?], Peixes de
aquário, Plátano Ediҫões Técnicas, Lisboa, PT,
124 pp.
Richard van der Laan: Freshwater Fish List 3-1-2016
Lauro, O. di 1984, Guida all’acquario in casa,
Roberto Napoleone, Rome, IT, 125 pp.
Laursen, K. K. 1970, Akvariebog for begyndere, 5th
ed., Clausens Forlag, København, DK, 112 pp.
Laursen, K. K. 1972, Nybörjarens akvariebok,
Natur och Kultur, Stockholm, SE, 122 pp. [original
title 1970 Akvariebog for begyndere, Clausens
Forlag, DK]
Lawrence, E. & S. Harniess 1997, Aquarium Fish,
Brockhampton Press, London, UK, 124 pp.
Lee, C. 1975, Fish for australian freshwater
Aquariums, Paul Hamlyn Pty., Dee Why West, New
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Lefebvre, A. 1877, Quelques mots sur le
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Leonhardt, E. E. 1913, Der Fisch (Sein Körper und
sein Leben), Verlag von Strecker & Schröder,
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Levine, J. S. 1991, The complete fishkeeper (Everything aquarium fishes need to stay happy,
healthy, and alive), William Morrow and Company,
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Lewis, R. (ed.) 1974, An introductory guide to
cichlids, American Cichlid Association, Phoenix,
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Linde, P. 1959, Fischkrankheiten, Urania Verlag,
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Linke, H. 1980, Farbe im Aquarium Labyrinthfische,
TetraWerke, Melle, DE, 123 pp.
Linke, H. & W. Staeck 1981, Afrikanische Cichliden
I Buntbarsche aus Westafrika, Tetra Verlag, Melle,
DE, 142 pp.
Linke, H. & W. Staeck 1984, Amerikanische
Cichliden I Kleine Buntbarsche, Tetra Verlag,
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Lloyd, W. A. 1865, Aquarian difficulties. Hardwicke’s Science-Gossip, 1: 154.
Lloyd, W. A. 1866, Aquarium history. Hardwicke’s
Science-Gossip, 2: 74-77.
Lloyd, W. A. 1876, Aquaria: Their Past, Present,
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Lodewijks, J. M. 1967, Tropical fish in the
aquarium, 2nd ed., Blandford Press, London, UK,
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Loiselle, P. V. 1985, The Cichlid Aquarium, TetraPress, Tetra Werke, Melle, GE, 287 pp.
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Losange 1999, Faune de France Poissons d’eau
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Losange 1999, Poissons d’aquarium d’eau douce,
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Lucas, G. A. 1972, Know your bettas, The Pet
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Machlin, M. D. 1966, Zanimatel’nyj Akvarium,
Izdatel’stvo Piscevaja Promyslennost’, Moscow,
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Madsen, J. M. 1975, Aquarium Fishes in Color,
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Mager, N. H. & S. K. Mager (eds.) 1960, A guide to
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Magri MacMahon, A. F. 1946, Fishlore, Penguin
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Magri MacMahon, A. F. [1960], Album for
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Makino, S. 1972, Home Aquarium (Aquatic gems –
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Mandahl-Barth, G. [1959], Poissons d’Aquarium,
Fernand Nathan, Paris, FR, 100 pp.
Mariani, M. 1992, Abc de l'aquarium tropical d'eau
douce, Éditions De Vecchi, Paris, FR, 172 pp.
Marin, M. 1981, Le guide pratique de l’aquariophilie
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Markis, A. C. & R. W. Langton 1974, The American
Killifish Association’s Beginner’s Guide, rev. ed.,
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Marshall, T. H. 1953, Exotic fishkeeping: Breeding
the egg-layers, The Saturn Press, Mitcham, Surrey,
UK, 40 pp.
Marshall, T. H. 1953, Exotic fishkeeping: Breeding
the labyrinths, The Saturn Press, Mitcham, Surrey,
UK, 40 pp.
Marshall, T. H. 1954, Exotic fishkeeping: Breeding
51
Aquarium books
the livebearers, The Saturn Press, Mitcham,
Surrey, UK, 39 pp.
Marshall, T. H. 1955, Exotic fishkeeping: Breeding
the cichlids, The Saturn Press, Mitcham, Surrey,
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Marston, R. L. & S. Spencer [1934], An album of
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Matsubara, S. 1908, Goldfish and their culture in
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Maxwell, H. 1904, British fresh-water fishes, Hutchinson and Co, London, UK, 320 p.
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Mayland, H. J. [1970?], Kaltwasserfische (Lehrmeister-Bücherei Nr. 136), Albrecht Philler Verlag,
Minden, DE, 79 pp.
Mayland, H. J. [1972], Das Aquarium (LehrmeisterBücherei Nr. 48), Albrecht Philler Verlag, Minden,
DE, 88 pp.
Mayland, H. J. [1972], Warmwasser-Fische (Lehrmeister-Bücherei Nr. 70), Albrecht Philler Verlag,
Minden, DE, 152 pp.
Mayland, H. J. 1973, Diskusfische (LehrmeisterBücherei Nr. 73), Albrecht Philler Verlag, Minden,
DE, 103 pp.
Mayland, H. J. [1974?], Aquarienfischzucht (Lehrmeister-Bücherei Nr. 1029), Albrecht Philler Verlag,
Minden, DE, 95 pp.
Mayland, H. J. 1975, Das Aquarium, FalkenVerlag, Wiesbaden, DE, 334 pp.
Mayland, H. J. 1975, Die Buntbarsche Amerikas
(Lehrmeister-Bücherei Nr. 74), Albrecht Philler
Verlag, Minden, DE, 135 pp.
Mayland, H. J. 1976, Die Buntbarsche Afrikas
(Lehrmeister-Bücherei Nr. 75), Albrecht Philler
Verlag, Minden, DE, 232 pp.
Mayland, H. J. 1976, Mein Aquarium – mein Hobby,
Humboldt-Taschenbuchverlag, München, DE, 160
pp.
Mayland, H. J. 1977, Große Aquarienpraxis I:
Aquarium – Pflanzen – Fische, Landbuch-Verlag,
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Mayland, H. J. 1978, Große Aquarienpraxis III:
Cichliden und Fischzucht, Landbuch-Verlag,
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Mayland, H. J. 1978, Tropical Freshwater
Aquarium Fishes, Ward Lock Limited, London, UK,
96 pp.
Mayland, H. J. 1979, Große Aquarienpraxis II: Tropische Aquarienfische, Landbuch-Verlag, Hannover, DE, 404 pp.
Mayland, H. J. 1980, Labyrinthfische (LehrmeisterBücherei Nr. 82), Albrecht Philler Verlag, Minden,
DE, 158 pp.
Mayland, H. J. 1981, Regenbogenfische (Lehrmeister-Bücherei Nr. 83), Albrecht Philler Verlag,
52
Minden, DE, 135 pp.
Mayland, H. J. 1982, Buntbarsche des MalawiSees (Lehrmeister-Bücherei Nr. 86), Albrecht
Philler Verlag, Minden, DE, 144 pp.
Mayland, H. J. 1982, Buntbarsche Ost- und Westafrikas (Lehrmeister-Bücherei Nr. 84), Albrecht
Philler Verlag, Minden, DE, 167 pp.
Mayland, H. J. 1982, Buntbarsche des TanganjikaSees (Lehrmeister-Bücherei Nr. 85), Albrecht
Philler Verlag, Minden, DE, 159 pp.
Mayland, H. J. 1982, Der Malawi-See und seine
Fische, Landbuch-Verlag, Hannover, DE, 336 pp.
Mayland, H. J. 1984, Mittelamerika: Cichliden und
Lebendgebärende, Landbuch-Verlag, Hannover,
DE, 304 pp.
Mayland, H. J. 1984, Moderne Aquarien-Praxis
(Alles über Fische, Pflanzen, Pflege), Buch und
Zeit, Köln, DE, 320 pp.
Mayland, H. J. [1985], Das grosse Aquarienbuch,
Falken-Verlag, Wiesbaden, DE, 333 pp.
Mayland, H. J. 1987, Welse aus aller Welt (Lehrmeister-Bücherei Nr. 89), Albrecht Philler Verlag,
Minden, DE, 152 pp.
Mayland, H. J. 2003, Süßwasser Aquarium (Einrichtung, Pflege, Fische, Pflanzen), Bassermann
Verlag, München, DE, 144 pp.
McAllister, D. E. & B. W. Coad 1974, Fishes of
Canada’s National Capitol Region, National
Museum of Natural Sciences, Ottawa, CA, 199 pp.
McClane, A.J. (Editor) 1978, McClane's Field
Guide to Freshwater Fishes of North America,
Henry Holt and Company, New York, US, 212 pp.
McDowall, R. M. (ed.) 1980, Freshwater Fishes of
South-Eastern Australia, Reed, Sydney, AU, 208
pp.
McInerny, D. 1971, Tropical Fish, John Gifford,
London, UK, 80 pp.
McInerny, D. 1975, Tropical Fish, rev. ed., Foyle,
London, UK, 98 pp.
Meinken, H. [193?], Die Danio- und Brachydanioarten, Esomus und Rasbora (Bibliothek für
Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde Heft 38), 5. Auflage,
Gustav Wenzel & Sohn, Braunschweig, DE, 48 pp.
Mélançon, C. 1958, Les poissons de nos eaux, 3me
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Mellen, I. 1931, Tropical Toy Fishes. The National
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Mener, A. 1928, Brehms Tierleben, Band 24
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Metz, A. J. G. 1899, De bittervoorn. De Levende
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Meulengracht-Madsen, J. 1975, Aquarienpflege biologisch richtig, Kosmos, Stuttgart, DE, 167 pp.
[Akvariet i fokus, Clausens Forlag, DK. 1971;
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Meulengracht-Madsen, J. [1975], Aquarienfische in
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Richard van der Laan: Freshwater Fish List 3-1-2016
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Meyer, W. 195?, L’Aquarium, Payot, Lausanne,
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Mills, D. 1980, Aquarium Fishes, Kingfisher Books,
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Mills, D. 1981, Illustrated Guide to Aquarium
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Mills, D. 1984, A fishkeeper’s guide to The tropical
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pp.
Mills, D. 1985, Keeping Goldfish, Blandford Press,
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Mills, D. 1992, Tropical Aquarium Fishes, Chancellor Press, London, UK, 128 pp.
Mills, D. 2000, The encyclopedia of Aquarium
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Mills, D. 2000, Understanding coldwater fish
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UK, 140 pp.
Mills, D. 2001, An interpet Guide to the Tropical
Aquarium, Interpet Publishing, Dorking, UK, 116
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320 pp.
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Beschreibung der vorzüglichsten Thiere, Pflanzen
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30 pp.
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Nachstedt, J. & H. Tusche 1953, Züchterkniffe II
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Nachstedt, J. & H. Tusche 1953, Züchterkniffe III
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Nieuwenhuizen, A. van den 1961, Labyrinthfische
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Nieuwenhuizen, A. van den 1964, Zwergbuntbarsche (Kleine DATZ-Bücher Nr. 20), Alfred
Kernen Verlag, Stuttgart, DE, 48 pp.
Nieuwenhuizen, A. van den 1967, Exoten im
Aquarium, 2. Auflage, Landbuch Verlag, Hannover,
DE, 226 pp.
Nitsche, H. & W. Hein 1909, Die Süsswasserfische
Deutschlands, 4. Auflage, Verlag des Deutschen
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Norman, J. R. 1931, A history of fishes, Ernest
53
Aquarium books
Benn, London, UK, 463 pp.
Norman, J. R. 1936, A history of fishes, 2nd ed.,
Ernest Benn, London, UK, 463 pp.
Norman, J. R. 1943, Fishes of Britain’s rivers and
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Norman, J. R. 1947, A history of fishes, 3rd ed.,
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Norman, J. R. & P. H. Greenwood 1963, A history
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Olsson, R. 1969, Alles über das Aquarium, Alfred
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Osburn, R. C. 1914, The Care of Home Aquaria
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Ostermöller, W. 1976, Labyrinthfische im Aquarium, Franckh’sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart,
DE, 66 pp.
Ostermöller, W. 1980, Die Aquarienfibel, 6. Auflage, Franckh’sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart,
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Ott, G. 1988, Schmerlen (Lehrmeister-Bücherei Nr.
90), Albrecht Philler Verlag, Minden, DE, 111 pp.
Paepke, H.-J. 1985, Das Tümpelaquarium (Vivaristik Ratgeber 11), Neumann Verlag, Leipzig, DE,
88 pp.
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Paul, G. & F. Walter 1988, Faszinierende Welt
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Paulo, J. 1976, Malawi-Buntbarsche (Kleine DATZBücher Nr. 26), Alfred Kernen Verlag, Stuttgart, DE,
48 pp.
Paysan, K. 1967, Freude an Fischen, Deutsche
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Paysan, K. 1971, Zierfische – mein Hobby, Humboldt-Taschenbuchverlag, Stuttgart, DE, 127 pp.
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54
300-303.
Pellegrin, J. 1906, L'incubation buccale chez les
poissons. Bulletin de la Société nationale d’Acclimatation de France, 53: 62-71.
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pour l’Avancement des Sciences, 39me session:
147-152.
Pellegrin, J. 1913, Un poisson d’aquarium amphibie, Le Périophthalme. Revue générale des Sciences pures et appliquées, 24: 3-4.
Pellegrin, J. 1943, Petit Atlas des Poissons III
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Perkins, L. 1975, Aquarium Fish, Orbis Publishing,
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Perry, F. 1958, The small aquarium, Collingridge,
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Petrovický, I. 1982, Aquarienfische, Werner Dausien, Hanau, DE, 224 pp.
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Levende Natuur, 4 (7): 164-166.
Pieters, F. 1900, Paradijsvischjes. De Levende
Natuur, 5 (7): 139-141.
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Pinter, H. 1981, Cichliden (Buntbarsche im Aquarium), Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, DE, 184 pp.
Pitcher, F. W. 1977, Identification guide to Freshwater Tropical Aquarium Fish, Arco Publishing
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Player, J. & Sons [1932], Aquarium Studies (Player’s Cigarettes, No. 1 – 25), Imperial Tabacco
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Plöger-Brembach, K. 1982, Lebendgebärende,
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Treiben der Makropoden. Naturwissenschaftliche
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bei Berlin; already 32 fish species imported]
Prescott, J. H. 1976, Aquarium Fishes of the World,
Bantam Books, New York, US, 159 pp.
Preuss, O. 1897, Das Zimmer-Aquarium (Ein Mittel
zur Unterhaltung und Belehrung: Kurze Abhandlung über Einrichtung und Pflege des Aquariums
nach den neuesten Erfahrungen), 2. Auflage,
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Pronek, N. 1967, Aquariums in color, T. F. H. Publications, Jersey City, US, 32 pp.
Pronek, N. 1973, Aquariums in color, T. F. H.
Publications, Hong Kong, 31 pp.
Richard van der Laan: Freshwater Fish List 3-1-2016
Pronek, N. 1996, Tropical Fish, T. F. H. Publications, Neptune City, US, 65 pp.
Pronek, N. & B. M. Scott 2006, Aquarium Care of
Oscars, T. F. H. Publications, Neptune City, US,
111 pp.
Prószyński, K. 1908, Akwarjum pokojowe, krótkie
wskazówki dla miłośników, Wydawnictwo M. Arcta,
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Quinn, J. R. 1994, The Fascinating Freshwater Fish
Book, Wiley, New York, US, 122 pp.
Rabache, A. 1975, L’Aquarium en 10 leçons,
Hachette Littérature, Paris, FR, 191 pp.
Rabache, A. 1977, Freude am Aquarium, Ullstein,
Frankfurt, DE, 170 pp.
Rachow, A. [1922], Die Characiniden I. Teil
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Erythrininae und “Tetragonopterusartige” (Bibliothek für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde Heft 21),
Gustav Wenzel & Sohn, Braunschweig, DE, 30 pp.
Rachow, A. [1922], Die Characiniden II. Teil Die
Characidae (Fortsetzung): “Tetragonopterusartige”
(Bibliothek für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde Heft
44), Gustav Wenzel & Sohn, Braunschweig, DE, 31
pp.
Rachow, A. [1922], Die Characiniden III. Teil Die
Characidae (Schluß): Pyrrhulininae; die Hemiodontidae und die Anostomatidae (Bibliothek für
Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde Heft 45), Gustav
Wenzel & Sohn, Braunschweig, DE, 47 pp.
Rachow, A. [1933/1934], Die Zahnkarpfen oder
Kärpflinge Dritter Teil Die Familie Cyprinodontidae
2. Die Unterfamilie Fundulinae (Schluß) (Bibliothek
für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde Heft 53), Gustav
Wenzel & Sohn, Braunschweig, DE, 44 pp.
Rachow, A. 1933, Die Zahnkarpfen oder Kärpflinge
Vierter Teil Die Familie Poeciliidae 1. Unterfamilie
Gambusiinae (Bibliothek für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde Heft 54), Gustav Wenzel & Sohn,
Braunschweig, DE, 36 pp.
Rachow, A. 1933, Die Zahnkarpfen oder Kärpflinge
Fünfter Teil Die Familie Poeciliidae 2. Die
Unterfamilie Poeciliopsinae 3. Die Unterfamilie
Poeciliinae (Bibliothek für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde Heft 55), Gustav Wenzel & Sohn,
Braunschweig, DE, 40 pp.
Rachow, A. 1933, Die Zahnkarpfen oder Kärpflinge
Sechster Teil Die Familie Poeciliidae 3. Die
Unterfamilie Poeciliinae (Schluß) Die Familie
Fitzroyiidae (Bibliothek für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde Heft 56), Gustav Wenzel & Sohn,
Braunschweig, DE, 35 pp.
Radda, A. C. 1979, The Cyprinodontids of Cameroon, American Killifish Association, US, 106 pp.
Radda, A. C. & E. Pürzl 1981, Killifische aus aller
Welt Band 1: Feldführer der Cyprinodontiformes
der Länder der Regenwaldlücke Westafrikas
(Togo, Benin, SW-Nigeria), Hofmann Verlag, Wien,
AT, 48 pp.
Radda, A. C. & E. Pürzl 1982, Killifische aus aller
Welt Band 2: Feldführer der Cyprinodontiformes
der Länder der Bucht von Biafra (SO-Nigeria, WestKamerun), Hofmann Verlag, Wien, AT, 72 pp.
Radda, A. C. & E. Pürzl 1983, Killifische aus aller
Welt Band 3: Feldführer der Cyprinodontiformes
der Küstenländer Zentralafrikas I. Ost-Kamerun,
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Radda, A. C. & E. Pürzl 1985, Killifische aus aller
Welt Band 4: Feldführer der Cyprinodontiformes
der Küstenländer Zentralafrikas II. Gabun, Hofmann Verlag, Wien, AT, 96 pp.
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Rassi, P. 1993, Ripsi-ja imumonnit, Karprint Ky,
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Rataj, K. & R. Zukal 1971, Aquarium fishes and
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Rauther, M. 1907, Das Tierreich IV Fische,
Göschen’sche Verlagshandlung, Leipzig, DE, 154
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Rauther, M. 1921, Das Tierreich IV Fische, 2.
Auflage, Vereinigung wissenschaftlicher Verleger,
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Redaktion Aquarienmagazin 1977, Kosmos-Handbuch Aquarienkunde (Das Süßwasseraquarium),
Kosmos-Verlag, Stuttgart, DE, 736 pp.
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Reichenbach-Klinke, H.-H. 1968, Krankheiten der
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[Richardson, M. & D. Mills] 2005, Care for your
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Richter, H.-J. 1979, Das Buch der Labyrinthfische,
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Richter, H.-J. 1980, Fische züchten ein Problem?,
55
Aquarium books
Landbuch Verlag, Hannover, DE, 242 pp.
Richter, H.-J. 1984, Aquarienfische im Blickpunkt,
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Riols, J. de 1882, Nouvelle édition, revue, corrigée
et augmentée d'un Traité complet de l’établissement, de l’aménagemant et de la population de
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la ligne, Le Bailly, Paris, 126 pp. [first edition 1858:
L. B. Renauld (pseudonym of Louis Camille
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Ritchie, A. S. 1870, Aquaria Studies (Part I). The
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Roberts, M. F. 1957, Fancy guppies, T. F. H. Publications, Jersey City, US, 32 pp.
Roberts, M. F. 1960, Beginning the aquarium, T. F.
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Roberts Jr., J. B. & P. A. Fontaine 1962, Beginner’s
Handbook of Gold and Tropical Fish, All-Pets
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Roe, C. D. & A. Evans 1969, Koi, Petfish Publications, London, UK, 56 pp.
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Roßmäßler, E. A. 1880, Das Süßwasser-Aquarium
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Roszak, K.-H. [1951-195?], Die tropischen
Zierfische (ein Sammelwerk für den Aquarienfreund), Hermann Haase Verlag, Berlin, DE,
looseleaf edition. [seen: Sammelmappe II {Serie IV
(Merkblatt 25-32), V (33-40), VI (41-48)}; Sammelmappe IV {Serie X (Merkblatt 73-80), XI (81-88), XII
(89-96)}; and Sammelmappe V {Serie XIII (Merkblatt 97-104), XIV (105-112), XV (113-120)}]
Roth, W. 1913, Die Krankheiten der Aquarienfische, Franckh’sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart,
DE, 88 pp.
Roule, L. 1925, Les Poissons des eaux douces de
la France, Presses Universitaires de France, Paris,
FR, 228 pp.
Roule, L. 1930, La structure et la biologie des
poissons, Les Éditions Rieder, Paris, FR, 80 pp.
Roule, L. 1946, La Vie des Poissons dans leur milieu, 2e ed., Librairie Delagrave, Paris, FR, 262 pp.
Rousseau, E. 1915, Les poissons d’eau douce
indigènes et acclimatés de la Belgique, Imprimerie
Scientifique Charles Bulens, Bruxelles, BE, 200 pp.
56
Rousselet-Blanc, P. (ed.) 1975, Larousse des Poissons d’Aquarium, Librairie Larousse, Paris, FR,
120 pp.
Rovière, J. & P. Auguste 1973, Choisissez, élevez
et soignez vous-même vos poissons d’aquarium, 2e
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12. Auflage, Franckh’sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart, DE, 95 pp.
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d’eau douce, Ouest-France, Rennes, FR, 32 pp.
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Sánchez, H. et al. 2006, Peru’s Ornamental Fish
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Sandford, G. 2000, Understanding tropical fish
(Interpet Handbooks), Interpet Publishing, Dorking,
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98 pp.
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Richard van der Laan: Freshwater Fish List 3-1-2016
on collecting for and the management of the microaquarium, 4th impression, The Religious Tract
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Watson, L. 1996, Your first Goldfish, Kingdom
Books, T. F. H. Publications, UK,33 pp.
Weiss, W. 1973, Fische fürs Gesellschaftsbecken
(60 Arten in Farbfotos), Franckh’sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart, DE, 70 pp.
Weiss, W. 1974, Bunte Welt der Tropenfische (120
Zierfische in Farbe), 3. Auflage, Franckh’sche
Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart, DE, 71 pp.
Weiss, W. 1979, Welse im Aquarium, Franckh’sche
Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart, DE, 64 pp.
Wells, A. L. 1936, Aquariums and fish ponds,
Frederick Warne & Co., London, UK, 64 pp.
Wells, A. L. 1949, Garden ponds, fish and
fountains, rev. ed., Frederick Warne & Co., London,
UK, 157 pp.
Wells, A. L. [1954], Tropical Aquariums, Plants &
Fishes, rev. ed., Frederick Warne & Co., London,
UK, 230 pp.
Wells, A. L. [1955], The Observer’s book of Freshwater Fishes, reprint, Frederick Warne & Co.,
London, UK, 153 pp.
Westell, W. P. [1923], British Reptiles, Amphibians,
and Fresh-water Fishes, Chapman & Dodd,
London, UK, 113 pp.
Weston, J. 1883, The fresh-water aquarium,
Orange Judd, New York, US, 43 pp. [no scientific
fish names]
Wheeler, A. 1992, The pocket guide to Freshwater
Fishes of Britain and Europe, Dragon’s World,
Limpsfield, UK, 144 pp.
Whitehead, P. 1975, How Fishes Live, Elsevier
Phaidon, London, UK, 160 pp.
Whitern, W. L. 1962, Beautiful Bettas, T. F. H.
Publications, Jersey City, US, 32 pp.
Whitern, W. L. 1962, Beautiful Goldfish, T. F. H.
Publications, Jersey City, US, 32 pp.
Whitern, W. L. 1962, Colorful egglayers, T. F. H.
Publications, Jersey City, US, 32 pp.
Whitern, W. L. 1962, Colorful livebearers, T. F. H.
Publications, Jersey City, US, 32 pp.
Whitern, W. L. 1962, Colorful swordtails, T. F. H.
Publications, Jersey City, US, 32 pp.
Whitern, W. L. 1962, Platies and moons, T. F. H.
Publications, Jersey City, US, 32 pp.
Whitern, W. L. 1962, Tropical fish primer for
beginners, T. F. H. Publications, Jersey City, US,
32 pp.
Whitern, W. L. 1967, The Tiny Tetras, T. F. H.
Publications, Jersey City, US, 32 pp.
Whitern, W. L. 1969, Bettas … in color, T. F. H.
Publications, Hong Kong, 31 pp.
Whitney, L. F. & P. Hähnel [196?], Alles über Guppys, Alfred Kernen Verlag, Stuttgart, DE, 118 pp.
Wilkie, D. 1986, Aquarium Fish, Pelham Books,
London, UK, 214 pp.
Windsor, S. 2000, All about Tropical Fishkeeping,
Ringpress Books, Lydney, UK, 31 pp.
Windsteig, G. 1880, Das Süßwasser-Aquarium und
seine Bewohner, Verlag der OesterreichischUngarische Fischerei-Zeitung, 92 pp. [not seen]
Windt J.zoon, J. 1902, Aquariumvisschen. De
Levende Natuur, 6 (11): 244-247.
Wolfsheimer, G. [196?], Enjoy the fighting fish from
Siam, The Pet Library Ltd., New York, US, 32 pp.
[Freude an Siamesischen Kampffischen, 32 pp.]
Wolfsheimer, G. [196?], Enjoy your angelfish, The
Pet Library Ltd., New York, US, 32 pp. [Freude an
Skalaren, 32 pp.]
Wolfsheimer, G. [196?], Enjoy your gouramis and
other anabantids, The Pet Library Ltd., New York,
US, 32 pp. [Freude an Gouramis, 32 pp.]
Wolfsheimer, G. 1986, A beginner’s guide to
Angelfish, T. F. H. Publications, Neptune City, US,
61 pp.
Wolfsheimer, G. & L. Borgeson 1959, The new
Tropical Fish Book, Arco Publishing Company,
New York, US, 144 pp.
Zedtwitz, F. G. 1938, Aquarium, Terrarium und
Vogelbauer, Verlag der Grünen Post, Berlin, DE,
61
Aquarium books
116 pp.
Žener, B. 1964, Akvarij, Cankarjeva Založba,
Ljubljana, SI, 378 pp.
Zernecke, E. 1897, Leitfaden für Aquarien- und
Terrarienfreunde, Gustav Schmidt, Berlin, DE, ?
pp. [not seen]
Žežula, B. 1912, Akvarium, jeho zařízení a
udržování, Akvaristického Obzoru, Moravské
Ostravě, CZ, 87 pp. [not seen]
Zimmermann, A. 1967, Das Aquarium, Hallwag,
Bern, CH, 64 pp.
Zimmermann, A. [1967?], L’aquarium, Payot,
Lausanne, CH, 64 pp.
Zolotnitsky, N. F. 1885, L’aquarium d’un amateur,
Moscow, RU [not seen; many editions in Russian,
also translated in German]
Zolotnitsky, N. F. 1886, Poisson rouge et ses
variétés, Moscow, RU [= ? 1887 Le Cyprin doré et
ses variétés, not seen]
Zolotnitsky, N. F. 1890, Les aquariums à Moscou.
Revue des Sciences Naturelles Appliquées, 37:
999-1001.
Zolotnitsky, N. F. 1900, Le Poisson combattant de
Siam (Betta pugnax) et sa reproduction en
aquarium. Bulletin de la Société nationale d’Acclimatation de France, 47: 134-144. [author name
also seen as Solotnitsky]
Zukal, R. & S. Frank 1979, Geslechtsunterschiede
der Aquarienfische, Landbuch-Verlag, Hannover,
DE, 113 pp.
Zurlo, G. & D.M. Schleser 2002, Cichlids (Everything About Purchase, Care, Nutrition, Reproduction, and Behavior), 2nd ed., Barron's Educational
Series, Hauppauge, US, 95 pp.
62
Richard van der Laan: Freshwater Fish List 3-1-2016
1.5.2 Aquarium magazines
We used the following aquarium magazines for tracking down fish species and names (the consulted
volumes / issues are written between square brackets [], titles and volumes are highlighted in bold).
All the volumes of
In Dutch: ‘Aqua-Terra (NL)’ [1936 – 1946], ‘Het Aquarium (NBAT, NL)’ [1930 – 2016-01-03], ‘Ons
Aquarium (NL)’ [1934 – 1939], ‘Aquarium & Terrarium Hobbyist (NL)’ [1994 – 1996], ‘Barbus
(Antwerpen, BE)’ [1 (1946-1947)]’, ‘Cichlidae (BCV, BE)’ [1975 – 1981], ‘Natuurgenot in Huis (Floralia,
Assen, NL)’ [1 (1913) – 2 nr. 2 (1914)], ‘N. V. C. Periodiek / Cichlidae (NVC, NL)’ [1975 – 2016-01-03],
‘Ons Eigen Blad (Floralia, Assen, NL)’ [1 (1909) – 4 (1912)], ‘Tijdschrift voor Aquarium- en
Terrariumkunde (NL)’ [1922 – 1934].
In English: ‘Aqualog News (Rodgau, DE)’ [1996 – 2016-01-03].
In French: ‘Aquarium, revue pour favoriser le développement de l’aquariophilie (Paris, FR)’ [1 (Jan.
1934) – 3 (1936) no. 31/32], ‘Notre Aquarium, revue mensuelle pour la vulgarisation de
l’aquariophilie (Liège, BE / Paris, FR)’ [1 (1951) – 3 (1953) no. 10], ‘L’aquarium et les Poissons (Société
Métropolitaine d’Éditions Artistiques, Paris, FR)’ [1 (1951) – 7 No.11 (1957)], ‘La pisciculture française
section Aquariophilie-Aquariologie (Paris, FR)’ [1966 – 1973; réédition 1974 Centre de Documentation
du Cercle aquariophile de Nancy]
In German: ‘Amazonas (Natur und Tier, DE)’ [2005 – 2016-01-03]. ‘Aqua Aktuell (Müssen, DE)’ [1977 –
1979], ‘Aqua Terra / Aquaterra (VSAT, CH; united with Das Aquarium)’ [1 (1964) – 10 (1973) Nr. 3],
‘Aquarien Magazin (Kosmos, DE)’ [1967 – March 1988], ‘Aquarien Terrarien (DDR)’ [1954 – 1989], ‘Die
Aquarien und Terrarien Zeitschrift (DATZ, DE)’ [1948 – 2016-01-03], ‘Der Aquarienfreund
(Wilhelmshaven, DE)’ [1972 – 1977], ‘Aquaristik Aktuell / Aquaristik (Ettlingen, DE)’ [1994 – 2016-0103], ‘Das Aquarium, die Fachzeitschrift des Naturfreundes (Berlin, DE)’ [1 (1927) – 18 no. 2 (1944)],
‘Das Aquarium (DE; united with Amazonas)’ [1967 – Nr. 438 (dec. 2005)], ‘Aquarium Heute
(Aquadocumenta, DE; united with Aquaristik)’ [1983 – 2001], ‘Tetra Informationen aus der Aquaristik
(1968 – Nr. 13 (1971)) / Tatsachen und Informationen aus der Aquaristik (Nr. 14 (1971) – Nr. 62 (1983))
/ TI international (Nr. 63 (1983) – Nr. 142 (1998)) / Aquaristik Fachmagazin (Nr. 143 (1998) – Nr. 161
(2001)) / Aquaristik Fachmagazin mit Aquarium Heute (Nr. 162 (2001) – now) (DE)’ [1968 – 2016-0103], ‘Tropische Fische (Tropische Fische, Essen, DE; 1961 – 1964)’ [1 (1961) – 4 (1964).
We further checked some volumes / issues of the following magazines (volumes / Banden are highlighted
in bold).
In Czech: ‘Akvárium a Terárium / Akvárium Terárium (1958 – 2009)’ [1 (1958) – 17 (1974), some
issues], ‘Akvaristické Listy (1921 – 1951)’ [18 (1946/’47) – 23 (1951)].
In Danish: ‘Dansk Akvarietblad (DK; 1945 – 1971)’ [1947 – 1967].
In Dutch: ‘Aquariumwereld (BBAT, BE; 1949 – now)’ [1 (1948/’49) – 51 (1998)], ‘Aquaterra (Bandoeng,
Nederlandsch-Indië; 1933 – ?)’ [1933 – 1935], ‘Killi-Kontakt / Killi Kontakt (BKV, BE; 1972 – 1979 and
1991 – now)’ [3 (1975) – 7 (1979), 19 (1991) – 43 (2015)], ‘Killi Nieuws (KFN, NL; 1972 – now)’ [1972 –
2011], ‘OVB-Bericht (OVB, NL; 1978 – 2005)’ [8 (1986) – 2005], ‘T I’H (Feiten en informaties uit de
aquariumwereld) (NL; 1975 – 198?)' [1 no. 1 (1975) – 9 no. 35 (1983)], ‘Waterweelde (NL; 1951 – 1962)’
[1 (1951/’52) – 11 (1961/’62)].
In English:
‘The World Aquarist (World Federation of Aquarists; 1955 – 1957)’ [1 (4) Dec. 1955 – 2 (3) July 1957].
Australia: ‘Finchat (Aquarium Society of Victoria, AU; 1956 – 2009)’ [19 (1971) no. 6], ‘Fishes of Sahul
(ANGFA, AU; 1983 – now)’ [13 (1999) – 2016-01-03].
Canada: ‘Canadian Fish Fanciers (Toronto, CA; 1974 – 198?)’ [1 (1974) – 5 (1978)].
New-Zealand: ‘The Dominion Aquarist and Pondkeeper (NZ; 1942 – 1953)’ [6 (1947) – 11 (1953)].
63
Aquarium magazines
Great-Britain: ‘The Amateur Aquarist (I (1) May 1924 – I (3) July 1924) / Amateur Aquarist & Reptilian
Review (I (4) August 1924 – II (8) winter 1927) / The Aquarist & Pond-keeper / The Aquarist &
Pondkeeper (III (1) spring 1928 – 2000) / Today’s Fishkeeper (2001 – Aug. 2005) (UK)’ [1 (1924) – 48
(1983) and various issues], ‘Aquarium Digest International (Tetra, UK/DE; 1972 – 19?)’ [1 no. 1 (1972)
– 6 no. 19 (1978)], ‘Cichlidae (BCA, UK; 1975 – now)’ [1 (1975) – 5 (1981)], ‘Killi-News (BKA, UK; 1967
– now)’ [no. 97 (1973) – no. 180 (1980)], ‘PetFish monthly (the practical fishkeeping magazine) (UK;
1966 – 1978) / Practical Fishkeeping (EMAP, UK; Dec. 1978 – now)’ [1 (1966) – Dec. 1980, and 1990 –
2016-01-03], ‘Popular Fish Keeping (Kelsey, UK; July/Aug. 2013 – now)’ [some issues], ‘Water Life (A
weekly paper devoted to the study of every thing which lives in or near the water) (UK; June 9, 1936
– 1939)’ [1 (1936), 3 (1937) and 4 (1938)], ‘Water Life and Aquaria World (UK; 1946 – 1957)’ [new series
1 (1946) – 12 no. 5 (Oct. 1957); ‘Fishkeeping and Water Life (UK; 1957 – 1958)’ [new issue 13 no. 1
(Nov. 1957) – 13 no. 14 (Dec. 1958)].
USA: ‘American Currents (NANFA; 1973 – now)’ [1 (1973) – 7 (1980)], ‘The Aquarium (Mulertt,
Cincinnati / New York; 1878 – 1881 Cincinnati, 1892 – 1897 New york)’ [III (1892) no. 25 – IV (1895) no.
37; IV (1896) no. 39 – IV (1897) no. 43], ‘The Aquarium (Philadelphia; 1912 – 1914)’ [I (1912) – II jan.
(1914) no. 8], ‘The Aquarium (Innes, Philadelphia; 1932 – 1966)’ [15 (1946) – 18 (Jan. 1949), ‘The
Aquarium series II (Pet Books Inc., Farmingdale, New York; Nov. 1967 – 1972?)’ [1 (1968) no. 9], ‘The
Aquarium Bulletin (Brooklyn Aquarium Society, New York)’ [(1917)], ‘Aquarium Fish Magazine (Oct.
1988 – 2007) / Aquarium Fish International (California; 2007 – 24 no. 10 (Oct. 2012)’ [7 (1995) – 11
(1999)], ‘The Aquarium / Aquarium Journal (San Francisco Aquarium Society; 1928 – 1965)’ [21 (1950)
– 36 (1965)], ‘Aquarium News (Rochester Aquarium Society, New York; 1934 – 1938)’ [some issues],
‘Aquarium Notes & News / Aquarium News and Views (Philadelphia; 1914 – 1918)’ [I (1914) no. 3, 4,
6, 7, 9 & II (1915) no. 2, 6, 8], ‘Aquatic Life (Philadelphia; 1915 – 1942)’ [2 (1916) – 5 (1920)], ‘The new
Aquatic Life and the aquatic world (May 1951 – 1968?)’ [some issues], ‘Buntbarsche Bulletin (ACA;
1966 – now)’ [no. 29 (1971) – no. 86 (1981)], ‘Cichlid News (Aquatic promotions; 1992 – now)’ [20 no. 3
(2011) – 2016/03/01], ‘The Fish Culturist (Pennsylvania Fish Culturist’ Association; 1920 - 1963)’ [8
(1928) – 30 (1950)], ‘Freshwater and Marine Aquarium (FAMA, California; Jan. 1978 – June 2010, united
with Aquarium Fish International)’ [1 (1978) – 22 (1999)], ‘The Home Aquarium Bulletin (Newark
Aquarium Society; March 1931 – 1938)’ [some issues], ‘Journal of the American Killifish Association
(AKA; 1967 – now)’ [4 (1971) – 16 (1983)], ‘Tropical Fish Hobbyist (TFH; 1952 – now)’ [8 (1959/60) – 50
(2002)], ‘Tropical Fish World (New Jersey; 1969 – 19?)’ [1 (1969) – 3 no. 1 (1971)], ‘Tropicals in
Chicago / Tropicals (the aquarist magazine for hobbyists and dealers) (Chicago; Sept 1955 – 1965?)’
[some issues], ‘Zoological Society Bulletin (New York; 1901 – 19?; no. 1 – no. 5 were titled News
Bulletin of the Zoological Society)’ [the aquarium numbers: no. 9 (1903), no. 13 (1904), no. 17 (1905),
no. 21 (1906), no. 25 (1907), no. 29 (1908), no. 38 (1910), no. 50 (1912, The Balanced Aquarium with an
early aquatic hobby bibliography!), 17 no. 2 (1914), 17 no. 6 (1914), 17 no. 2 (1914), 18 no. 2 (1915), 18
no. 6 (1915), 21 no. 2 (1918), 21 no. 6 (1918), 22 no. 2 (1919), 22 no. 6 (1919), 23 no. 6 (1920), 24 no. 3
(1921), 24 no. 4 (1921)].
In Finnish: ‘Akvaario Maailma (Huhmari, FI; 19? – now)’ [some issues], ‘Akvaristi (Hietanen, FI; 2003 –
2009)’ [some issues].
In French: ‘Aqua Plaisir (Villamblard, FR; 1997 – 2008)’ [some issues; last issue ? no. 124 (2007)], ‘Aqua
Pratique (Cophimag, FR; 1999 – 200?)’ [some issues], ‘Aquafauna (Cardinal Club / Interclub
d’Aquariophilie et d’Ichtyologie Francophone, Fédération Francophone Belge, Liège, BE; 1970? – now)’
[numerous issues], ‘Aquamag (Animalia Éditions, Maurens, FR; 2008 – now) [some issues], ‘Aquarama
(Strasbourg, FR; 1967 – 1998)’ [5 (1971) – 31 no. 158 (décembre 1997 / janvier 1998)], ‘L’aquariophile
Franco-Belge (AFB, Brussels, BE; 1972 – 19?)’ [some issues], ‘Aquarium Magazine (Strasbourg, FR;
1986 – 2006)’ [numerous issues, last issue No. 227 (Juin/Juillet 2006)], ‘L’aquarium à la Maison (LR
Presse SARL, FR; May 1999 – now)’ [numerous issues], ‘Bulletin Français de Pisciculture (Paris, FR;
1928 – 1984) / Bulletin Français de la Pêche et de la Pisciculture (Paris, FR; 1985 – 2007)’ /
Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems (Paris, FR; 2008 – now)’ [1928 – 2008], ‘Bulletin
de la Société Impériale zoologique d’Acclimatation (Paris, FR; 1854 – 1870)’ [2 (1855) – 2e serie 7
(1870)] / ‘Bulletin de la Société d’Acclimatation (Paris, FR; 1871 – 1881)’ [2e serie 8 (1871) – 3e serie
8 (1881)] / ‘Bulletin de la Société nationale d’Acclimatation de France’ (Paris, FR; 1882 – 1888)’ [3e
serie 9 (1882) – 4e serie 3 (1886)] / ‘Revue des Sciences Naturelles Appliquées (Paris, FR; 1889 –
1895)’ [39 (1892) – 40 (1893)] / ‘Bulletin de la Société nationale d’Acclimatation de France (Paris, FR;
1896 – 194?)’ [43 (1896) – 69 (1922); 79 (1932) – 83 (1936)], ‘Killi-Contact (AKFB, BE)’ [3 (1975) – 7
(1979)], ‘Killi Revue (KCF, FR; 1974 – now)’ [1 (1974) – 9 (1983)], ‘Optim'aqua (JEH Productions, FR;
64
Richard van der Laan: Freshwater Fish List 3-1-2016
1998 – 200?)’ [numerous issues], ‘Revue des aquariophiles de France (Paris, FR; 1934 – 193?)’ [1
(1934) – no. 5 (1934)], ‘Revue française d’aquariologie herpétologie (Nancy, FR; 1973 – 1988)’ [2
(1974) – 15 (1988)], ‘Revue d’Histoire Naturelle Appliquée (FR; 1920 – 19?)’ [1 (1920) – 10 (1930)] Le
Zoo chez Soi: revue mensuelle de la décoration vivante (Brussels, BE; 1934 – 19?)’ [1 (1934) – no.
11 (nov. 1934].
In German: ‘Aquaria-Nachrichten: Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Vivaristik (1954 – 1958) / Aquaria:
Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Vivaristik (1959 – 1965) / Aquaria, also with the subtitle
Österreichische Zeitschrift für Vivaristik (St. Gallen, CH; 1966 – 1994)’ [6 (1959) – 30 (1983)], ‘Der
Aquarienfisch- und naturfreund (Aquarienfisch Im. und Export Company, DE; 1930 – ?1932)’ [not seen],
‘Aquarium Live (DE; 1997 – 2009, united with Aquaristik)’ [some issues], ‘Aqua Terra Austria
(Österreichischer Verband für Vivaristik und Ökologie, AT; 2006 – now)’ [2009 – 2016-01-03], ‘Blätter für
Aquarien- und Terrarien-Freunde (from 1902: Blätter für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde) (DE; 1890
– 1938, united Jan. 1939 with Wochenschrift)’ [1 (1890) – 46 (1935)], ‘BSSW Report (DE; 1989 – now)’
[13 (2001) – 2016-01-03], ‘Deutsche Cichliden Gesellschaft Informationen (DCG, DE; 1970 – now)’ [4
(1975) – 2016-01-03], ‘Journal der Deutsche Killifisch Gemeinschaft (DKG, DE; 1969 – now)’ [6 (1974)
– 2016-01-03], ‘Der Makropode (IGL, CH; 1979 – now)’ [some issues], ‘Mitteilungs-Blatt des Verbandes
Saarländischer Aquarien- und Terrarienvereine (1953 – April 1954) / Mitteilungs-Blatt für Aktuelle
Vivaristik (Mai 1954 - Februar 1955) / Mitteilungs-Blatt der Conföderation Europäischer Vivarianer
(März 1955- August 1956) / Zeitschrift für Vivaristik (September 1956 – Heft 1 bis 3 1960) (CEV, DE)’
[3 (or 1) (1955) – 4 (1958) Heft 9-12], ‘Nerthus (Wochenschrift für Pflanzen- und Blumenfreunde,
Aquarien-, Terrarien- und Vogelliebhaber) (Hamburg-Altona; 2 April 1899 – 1905 (Illustrierte Zeitschrift
für volkstümliche Naturkunde)’ [1 (1899) – 7 No. 18 (1905)], ‘VDA Aktuell (Verband Deutscher Vereine
für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde, DE; 1997 – now)’ [2002 – 2010], ‘Die Wasserfloh-Post (Tetra, DE;
1961 – 1967)’ [Nr. 4 (1963) – Nr. 11 (1966)], ‘Wochenschrift für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde (DE;
1904 – 1950, united with DATZ)’ [3 (1906) – 44 (1950)], ‘Zeitschrift für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde,
Organ des Verbandes Schweizerischer Aquarien- und Terrarienvereine / Aquarium, Monatsschrift
des Verbandes Schweizerischer Aquarien- und Terrarienvereine (VSAT, Zürich, CH; 1 (1946) – 5 (1)
(1950), united with DATZ)’ [1 (1946) – 4 (1949)], ‘Zeitschrift für Aquarien- und Terrarien-Vereine
(Verband Schweizerischer Aquarien- und Terrarienvereine / Das Aquarium, Berlin, DE; 1937 – 1944)’ [Nr.
1 (1939) – Nr. 23/24 (1941)].
In Hungarian: ‘Az Akvárium (Budapesti Akvárium es Terrarium Egyesület, HU; 193? – ?)’ [some issues]
‘Akvárium Magazin (Budapest, HU; 1992 – now)’ [some issues].
In Italian: ‘Aquarium (Rozzano, IT; 1984 – now; united with ‘Acquari & Natura, (1973 – 19?)’)’ [some
issues], ‘Il mio Acquario (Roma, IT; 1998 – now)’ [some issues].
In Polish: ‘Akwarium (Warszawa, PO, 1938 – ?)’ [1 (no. 2-3)], ‘Magazyn Akwarium (PO, 2001 – now)’
[some issues], ‘Nasze Akwarium (Poznań, PO; 1999 – 2010; 124 issues)’ [some issues].
In Portugese: ‘Acqua life (Maia, PT; 1991 – 19?)’ [some issues], ‘Aquarista junior (Pró-Aquarismo, Sao
Paulo, BR; 1986 – 2009)’ [Ano IV no.20 (1991) – Ano V no. 26 (1992)], ‘Boletim Killifishes Brasil /
killifish Brasil (Comunidade Brasileira de Killifilia, BR)’ [Ano I no.1 (2003) – no. 11 (2007)].
In Slovenian: ‘Akvarij (Društvo morskih akvaristov, SI)’ [some issues].
In Spanish: ‘Acuario practico (Valencia, ES; 1996 – now)’ [some issues], ‘Boletin Asociation
Acuariofila Argentina (AR)’ [some issues], ‘Mundo acuariofilo (Boletin de la Asociacion Española de
Acuariofilos, Madrid, ES; 1979 – 19?)’ [some issues].
In Swedish: ‘Akvariet (SE; 1927 – 19?)’ [23 (1949) – number 539 (1959)].
Some serial works were also checked:
In Dutch: ‘Het Cichliden jaarboek (NVC / Cichlid Press; 1991-1996)’ [1991, 1993-1996].
65
Aquarium magazines
In German: ‘Aquarien und Terrarien Jahrbuch (DDR; 1953 – 1956)’ [1953 – 1956], ‘Buntbarsch Jahrbuch (Bede Verlag, Ruhmannsfelden, DE)’ [1994], ‘Deutscher Almanach für Aquarien- und
Terrarienfreunde (Das Aquarium, Berlin, DE; 1933 – 1939)’ [Ausgabe 1933, 1939], ‘Diskus Jahrbuch
(Bede Verlag, Kollnburg, DE)’ [1993], ‘Jahrbuch für Aquarien- und Terrarien-Freunde (Sproesser &
Nägele, Stuttgart, DE; 1905 – 1912)’ [1 (1905) – 8 (1912)], ‘Jahrbuch für Aquarien- und Terrarienfreunde (Hermann Haase, Berlin; 1947)’ [1947], ‘Taschenkalender für Aquarienfreunde (1908-192?) /
Taschenkalender für Aquarien- und Terrarienfreunde (Gustav Wenzel & Sohn, Braunschweig, DE;
192?-1954)’ [12 (1920), 15 (1923), 21 (1929), 25 (1933) – 38 (1954)], ‘Wels Jahrbuch (Bede Verlag,
Kollnburg, DE; 1993-1994)’ [1993, 1994]
The periodical Zeitschrift für aquaristische Literatur (Verlag Natur & Wissenschaft, DE) [1 (1998) –
2016-01-03] was used for the dating of some aquaristic literature.
We hope the name list will stimulate the use of correctly written scientific names, present an overview of
the (still) existing freshwater fishes, record their citation in the aquarium literature and bring some
stabilization in the use of common names.
We did our best to present all the correct names, but of course the big problem remains, namely the correct
identification of the animals.
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Richard van der Laan: Freshwater Fish List 3-1-2016
CHAPTER TWO A CLASSIFICATION OF THE FRESHWATER
FISHES OF THE WORLD
Introduction
A classification of the living freshwater fishes is presented (40 orders, 205 families and 2,264 valid genera
according to our definition of freshwater fishes), with a listing of the valid genera in the lowest rank and
common names for some higher taxa (the order of the common names is Dutch / German / English).
The author of a family-group name is listed at one rank only (mostly at the family or subfamily rank) to
avoid repetitions as the author is according to the Code of Zoological Nomenclature 11 also the author of
the other family-group ranks (superfamily ending: –oidea, family ending: –idae, subfamily ending: –inae,
tribe ending: –ini, subtribe ending: –ina).
See Berra (2001) for a description and the geographical distribution of the families and for the
pronunciation of the scientific family names.
{Ma} (= million years = million years before present) behind a rank name represents the estimate minimum
age of that rank by the oldest fossils, although this could be somewhat ambiguous45.
Dating according to the International Stratigraphic Chart (International Commission on Stratigraphy:
www.stratigraphy.org).
Most fossil data from Benton (1993). For example known from the Pliocene {>5 Ma}; Miocene {>23 Ma};
Oligocene {Chattian >28 Ma, Rupelian >34 Ma}; Eocene {Priabonian >38 Ma, Bartonian >40 Ma, Lutetian
>49 Ma, Ypresian >56 Ma}; Paleocene {Thanetian >59 Ma, Selandian >62, Danian >66 Ma}; Cretaceous
{Upper Cretaceous: Maastrichtian >71 Ma, Campanian >84 Ma, Santonian >86 Ma, Coniacian >89 Ma,
Turonian >94 Ma, Cenomanian >100 Ma; Lower Cretaceous: Albian >112 Ma, Aptian >125 Ma,
Barremian >130 Ma, Hauterivian >136 Ma, Valanginian >140 Ma, Berriasian >146 Ma}; Jurassic {>200
Ma}; Triassic {>251 Ma}; Permian {>299 Ma}; Carboniferous {>359 Ma}; Devonian {>416 Ma}.
{age} behind a family-group name means an approximate age calculated by DNA research with the help
of the mitochondrial genome molecular clock of bony fishes with a value of about 7.10-4–3.10-2 substitutions
/ {(site)·(million years)} or 0.4–2.6% divergence / million years depending on the gene studied; or
calculated by multiple calibration with the help of the fossil record45. For examples of such a calibration
see Genner et al. 2007, Nakatani et al. 2011 or Saitoh et al. 2011. Beware, there is a substantial error in
the estimates!46. Or the age is based upon the well established sister group (both of the same age). For
the sake of simplicity we give the mean age and neglect the credibility ranges.
The classification of fishes is a very active field of research and many changes in the classification are
expected in the near future.
45
Benton, M. J. & F. J. Ayala, Dating the tree of life. Science, 300: 1698-1700; Zaragüeta Bagils, R., H. Lelièvre & P. Tassy
2004, Temporal paralogy, cladograms, and the quality of the fossil record. Geodiversitas, 26 (3): 381-389; Near, T. J., D. I.
Bolnick & P. C. Wainwright 2004, Investigating phylogenetic relationships of sunfishes and black basses (Actinopterygii:
Centrarchidae) using DNA sequences from mitochondrial and nuclear genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 32 (1):
344-357; Heads, M. 2005, Dating nodes on molecular phylogenies: a critique of molecular biogeography. Cladistics, 21: 62-68;
Hurley, I. A. et al. 2007, A new time-scale for ray-finned fish evolution. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 274: 489-498;
Azuma, Y. et al. 2008, Mitogenomic evaluation of the historical biogeography of cichlids toward reliable dating of teleostean
divergences. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 8: 215 www.biomedcentral.com; Avise, J. C. & J. Liu 2011, On the temporal
inconsistencies of Linnean taxonomic ranks. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 102: 707-714; Near, T. J. et al. 2012,
Resolution of ray-finned fish phylogeny and timing of diversification. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America, 109 (34): 13698-13703.
46
Pulquério, M. J. F. & R. A. Nichols 2007, Dates from the molecular clock: how wrong can we be? Trends in Ecology and
Evolution, 22: 180-184.
67
Freshwater fish classification
Einleitung
Es folgt eine systematische Gliederung der rezenten Süßwasserfische (die von uns berücksichtigten
Süßwasserfische werden in insgesamt 40 Ordnungen, 205 Familien und 2264 gültige Gattungen)
eingeteilt. Die heute gültig anerkannten Gattungen werden bei der niedrigsten Rangordnung aufgelistet,
meistens Familie (Endung: -idae), Unterfamilie (Endung: -inae), Gattungsgruppe (Sippe oder Tribus,
Endung: -ini) oder Subtribus (Endung: -ina). Auch werden die holländischen, deutschen und englischen
Namen der verschiedene Gruppen erwähnt.
Der Autor eines Familiengruppennamens wird nur einmal erwäht (meistens hinter dem Familien- oder
Unterfamiliennamen). Dieser Autor ist nach dem Internationalen Code für Zoologische Nomenklatur11
zugleich Autor der übrige Ränge des Familiengruppennamens (Überfamilie, Familie, Unterfamilie und
Gattungsgruppe).
Berra (2001) beschreibt die Familien, erwähnt die angelsächsische Aussprache der wissenschaftlichen
Familiennamen und beschreibt die natürliche Verbreitung der Familien auf der Erde.
{Ma} hinter einem Familiengruppennamen ist eine Schätzung in Millionen Jahre Alter mittels der ältesten
Fossilien. Die meisten Angaben stammen von Benton (1993).
{age} hinter einem Familiengruppennamen ist das Durchschnittsalter berechnet mit Hilfe der DNAForschung oder das Alter basiert auf der ausreichend überprüften Schwestergruppe (beide das gleiche
Alter).
Die systematische Gliederung der Fische ist ein sehr lebhaftes Forschungsgebiet und es wird noch viele
Änderungen geben.
Inleiding
Hierna volgt een systematische indeling naar verwantschap (classificatie) van de recente zoetwatervissen
(40 orden, 205 families en 2264 geldige geslachten volgens onze definitie van zoetwatervissen). Bij deze
indeling naar verwantschap worden de geldige geslachten vermeld in de laagste categorie, meestal familie
(uitgang: –idae), onderfamilie (uitgang: –inae), geslachtsgroep (uitgang: –ini) of ondergeslachtsgroep
(uitgang –ina).
De auteur van een familiegroepsnaam wordt slechts vermeld achter één familienaam (meestal achter de
familie- of onderfamilieaanduiding). Deze auteur is volgens de Code voor Zoölogische Nomenclatuur11
tegelijkertijd de auteur van alle rangen van de familiegroepsnaam (superfamilie-, familie-, onderfamilie- en
geslachtsgroepnaam). Achter de wetenschappelijke groepsnaam worden tussen haakjes de Nederlandse,
Duitse en Engelse naam gegeven.
Zie Berra (2001) voor een beschrijving en de geografische verspreiding van de families en voor de
Angelsaksische uitspraak van de wetenschappelijke familienamen.
{Ma} achter een groepsnaam is de schatting van de ouderdom in miljoenen jaren met behulp van de
oudste fossielen. De meeste gegevens komen uit Benton (1993).
{age} achter een groepsnaam is de gemiddelde leeftijd berekend met behulp van DNA-onderzoek of het
betekent een schatting van de leeftijd met behulp van de goed vastgestelde zustergroep (beide even oud).
De classificatie van de vissen is een zeer actief onderzoeksveld en er zullen nog vele veranderingen
volgen.
68
Richard van der Laan: Freshwater Fish List 3-1-2016
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Particularly the cichlids of the Great Lakes of Africa are a prime target of evolutionary research:
76
Freshwater fish classification
Outline of the freshwater fish classification
SUPERKINGDOM: EUKARYOTA (EUKARYOTEN) ► KINGDOM: ANIMALIA (meercellige dieren /
Vielzellige Tiere / Metazoa) {>550 Ma} ► SUBKINGDOM: BILATERIA ► INFRAKINGDOM:
DEUTEROSTOMIA (NIEUWMONDIGEN / NEUMÜNDERN) {>515 Ma} ► Phylum: CHORDATA
(ANIMALS WITH A NOTOCHORD) {>514 Ma Early Cambrian} ► 1
1 Subphylum Vertebrata / Craniata (gewervelde dieren / Wirbeltiere / animals with backbones / animals
with arcualia) {>457 Ma}
1a Infraphylum AGNATHA: Petromyzontiformes
2 Infraphylum GNATHOSTOMATA (kaakdieren / animals with jaws)
2a Petaclass CHONDRICHTHYES: Myliobatiformes
3 Megaclass OSTEICHTHYES (beenvissen / bony fishes)
3a Teraclass SARCOPTERYGII: Dipnoiformes
4a Class CLADISTEI: Polypteriformes
4 Class ACTINOPTERI: Acipenseriformes, Lepisosteiformes, Amiiformes
5 Infraclass TELEOSTEI
5a Cohort ELOPOMORPHA: Anguilliformes
5b Cohort OSTEOGLOSSOMORPHA: Hiodontiformes, Osteoglossiformes
5c Cohort OTOMORPHA: Clupeiformes, Gonorynchiformes, Cypriniformes, Gymnotiformes,
Characiformes, Siluriformes
6 Cohort EUTELEOSTEOMORPHA
6a Division PROTACANTHOPTERYGII: Lepidogalaxiiformes, Galaxiiformes, Salmoniformes,
Osmeriformes
7 Subsection ACANTHOMORPHATA
7a Division PARACANTHOMORPHACEAE: Percopsiformes, Gadiformes
8 Subdivision PERCOMORPHACEAE: Ophidiiformes, Batrachoidiformes, Gobiiformes, Syngnathiformes, Synbranchiformes, Anabantiformes,
Pleuronectiformes,
Cichliformes,
Atheriniformes,
Beloniformes, Cyprinodontiformes, Mugiliformes,
Blenniiformes, Uranoscopiformes, Spariformes, Tetraodontiformes, Centrarchiformes, Perciformes.
A fish assigned to the order Myliobatiformes is also a part of 1 Vertebrata, 2 Gnathostomata and 2a
Chondrichthyes. It is not a part of 1a Petromyzontomorphi.
A fish assigned to the order Cypriniformes is also a part of 1 Vertebrata, 2 Gnathostomata, 3 Osteichthyes,
4 Actinopteri, 5 Teleostei and 5c Otomorpha. It is not a part of 1a Petromyzontomorphi, nor of 2a
Chondrichthyes, nor of 3a Sarcopterygii, nor a part of 5a and 5b.
In zoology the following descending Linnaean hierarchy of categories (primary ranks) can be used to
classify animals: regnum > phylum > classis > cohort > section > division > series > ordo > familia > tribus
> genus > species.
Modifying these ranks with super (above) and sub (below) and sometimes infra (between) leads to the
following descending hierarchy, as used by most ichthyologists to describe the result of more than 500
million years of evolution (the vernacular names of the frequently used ranks in the order: Dutch / German
/ English): regnum (rijk / Reich / kingdom) > subregnum (onderrijk / Unterreich / subkingdom) >
superphylum (superstam / Überstamm / superphylum) > phylum (stam / Stamm / phylum) > infraphylum
(tussenstam / Infrastamm / infraphylum) > superclassis (superklasse / Überklasse / superclass) > classis
(klasse / Klasse / class) > subclassis (onderklasse / Unterklasse / subclass) > infraclassis (infraklasse /
Infraklasse / infraclass) > megacohort > supercohort > cohort > subcohort > infracohort > section >
77
Freshwater fish classification
subsection > division > subdivision > series > subseries > superordo (superorde / Überordnung /
superorder) > ordo (orde / Ordnung / order) > subordo (onderorde / Unterordnung / suborder) >
superfamilia (superfamilie / Überfamilie / superfamily) > familia (familie / Familie / family) > subfamilia
(onderfamilie / Unterfamilie / subfamily) > supertribus (supergeslachtsgroep / Übersippe / supertribe) >
tribus (geslachtsgroep / Sippe / tribe) > subtribus (ondergeslachtsgroep / Untersippe / subtribe) >
supergenus (supergeslacht / Übergattung / supergenus) > genus (geslacht / Gattung / genus) > subgenus
(ondergeslacht / Untergattung / subgenus) > supraspecies [supra to avoid confusion with the evolutionary
category superspecies] (supersoort / Überart / supraspecies) > SPECIES (SOORT / ART / SPECIES) >
subspecies (ondersoort / Unterart / subspecies).
The bold highlighted ranks are used by us in the freshwater fish classification. After the scientific higher
taxon names we list the common names used in the literature (in the order: Dutch / German / English).
Because of rank uncertainties in the Class series we sometimes use the unranked term clade to designate
some of these higher categories. See Nelson (2006) for more class-series names and Wiley & Johnson
(in Nelson, Schultze & Wilson 2010) and Betancur-R, Wiley, Bailly, Miya, Lecointre & Ortí (2014)
(http://www.deepfin.org/Classification_v3.htm) for a modern systematic treatment of the teleosts.
We list the currently considered valid genera in the lowest rank (mostly subfamily, tribe or subtribe).
The SPECIES CATEGORY is the fundamental level in the Linnaean hierarchy used to describe the diversity
of biological organisms (see § 1.1). Species (and sister taxa) are the only taxa directly comparable in a
biological manner. So a family in Cyprinoidei has nothing to do with a family in Characoidei, nor has
Cyprinoidei some direct relation with Characoidei. Also remember that the classification in tribes,
subfamilies, etc. is a quite arbitrarily decision and very vulnerable to change.
The currently used valid scientific names of the freshwater fish species are listed in chapter 4.
All the scientific names can, if one wish, be transferred to English vernacular names as follows:
Tribes (-ini): change the ending to singular in or plural ins, for example Characini to characin fishes
or characins;
Subfamilies (-inae): change the ending to singular ine or plural ines, for example Characinae to
characine fishes or characines;
Families (-idae): change the ending to singular id or plural ids, for example Characidae to characid
fishes or characids;
Superfamilies (-oidea): change the ending to singular ide or plural ides, for example Characoidea
to characide fishes or characides;
and the following taxon name endings not yet regulated by the Code11 (see also Wiley & Johnson in Nelson,
Schultze & Wilson 2010, p. 124):
Suborders (-oidei): change the ending to singular oid or plural oids, for example Characoidei leads
to characoid fishes or characoids; [in a new proposal a suborder would be ending in iformi, but the
vernacular ending could still be oid or oids]
Orders (-iformes): change the ending to singular iform or plural iforms, for example Characiformes
leads to characiform fishes or characiforms;
Superorders (maybe -zoidae or -omorpha {or -iphysae or -omorphae or –imorphae or –ae}):
change the ending to singular zoid or morph or plural zoids or morphs;
Classes (maybe -opsida or -omorphes or -ii): change the ending to singular opsid or omorph or
plural opsids or omorphs;
Superclasses (maybe -omorphi): change the ending to singular omorphi or change the plural to
omorphis.
Again we must emphasize that many changes in the classification of the fishes are expected in the near
future and that there are different opinions on the subject.
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Richard van der Laan: Freshwater Fish List 3-1-2016
1a
infraphylum: Agnatha {>359 Ma Famennian / Carboniferous; age 450 Ma}
class: Cephalaspidomorphi (PRIKKEN / RUNDMÄULER / LAMPREYS) {>359 Ma Carboniferous}
Petromyzontiformes (PRIKACHTIGEN / RONDBEKKEN / NEUNAUGENARTIGE / RUNDMÄULER /
LAMPREYS / PETROMYZONTIFORM FISHES) sensu
Berg, 1940 {>280 Ma Permian; age 390–470 Ma}
Mordaciidae Gill, 1893 (zuidelijke topoogprikken / zuidelijke prikken / Südliche Neunaugen / southern
topeyed lampreys / southern hemisphere lampreys): Mordacia Gray, 1851.
Geotriidae Gill, 1893 (buidelprikken / zuidelijke gestreepte prikken / Australische Neunaugen / southern
striped lampreys / pouched lampreys) {age 220–280 Ma}: Geotria Gray, 1851.
Petromyzontidae Bonaparte, 1831 (prikken / Neunaugen / Northern Hemisphere lampreys) {age 220–
280 Ma}
Petromyzontinae: Caspiomyzon Berg, 1906; Ichthyomyzon Girard, 1858; Petromyzon Linnaeus,
1758.
Lampetrinae Fowler, 1958
Entosphenini Vladykov, 1972 (Noordamerikaanse prikken / Nordamerikanische Neunaugen /
North American lampreys): Entosphenus Gill, 1862; Tetrapleurodon Creaser & Hubbs, 1922.
Lampetrini (Euraziatische prikken / Eurasische Neunaugen / Eurasian lampreys): Eudontomyzon
Regan, 1911; Lampetra Bonnaterre, 1788; Lethenteron Creaser & Hubbs, 1922.
2 infraphylum: GNATHOSTOMATA (vertebraten met kaken / kaakmondigen /
Quermäuler / Kiefermäuler / jawed vertebrates) {>421 Ma Ordovician; age
500–515 Ma}
Superclass 2a: CHONDRICHTHYES Huxley, 1880 (KRAAKBEENVISSEN / KRAAKBEENVINNIGEN
/ KNORPELFISCHE / CARTILAGINOUS FISHES) {>416 Ma Devonian; age 462 Ma}
class: ELASMOBRANCHII Bonaparte, 1838 (haaien en roggen / plaatkieuwigen / Plattenkiemer /
sharks and rays / elasmobranchs) {>334 Ma Carboniferous}
superorder: BATOIDEA Bridge, 1910 (rogachtigen / Rochen / rays) {>125 Ma Aptian; age 200–
230 Ma}
Myliobatiformes (VLEERMUISROGACHTIGEN / STEKELROGACHTIGEN / ADELAARSROGACHTIGEN /
VLEUGELROGACHTIGEN / ADLERROCHENARTIGE / STACHELROCHENARTIGE / STINGRAYS / EAGLE RAYS /
MYLIOBATIFORM FISHES) sensu Carvalho, Maisey & Grande, 2004 {>86 Ma Santonian}
MYLIOBATOIDEI (VLEERMUISROGVERWANTEN / PIJLSTAARTROGVERWANTEN / ADLERROCHENVERWANDTE /
MYLIOBATOID FISHES) sensu Nishida, 1990
Dasyatoidea (pijlstaartrogverwanten / Stachelrochenverwandte / bentic rays / dasyatides) {>86 Ma
Upper Cretaceous}
Dasyatidae Jordan & Gilbert, 1879 (stekelroggen / pijlstaartroggen / Stechrochen / Stachelrochen /
whiptail stingrays) {>50 Ma Early Eocene}
Dasyatinae [this subfamily includes not listed marine genera]: Dasyatis Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1810;
Himantura Müller & Henle, 1837; Urogymnus Müller & Henle, 1837.
Pastinachinae Roberts, 2007 (flagtailed stingrays): Makararaja Roberts, 2007; Pastinachus Rüppell,
1828.
Potamotrygonidae Garman, 1877 (rivierstekelroggen / zoetwaterroggen / Süßwasserrochen /
freshwater stingrays / river stingrays) {>41 Ma Middle Eocene; age 19 Ma}: Heliotrygon Carvalho &
Lovejoy, 2011; Paratrygon Duméril, 1865; Plesiotrygon Rosa, Castello & Thorson, 1987; Potamotrygon
Garman, 1877.
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Freshwater fish classification
3 Megaclass: OSTEICHTHYES (beenvissen / Knochenfische / Beinfische /
bony fishes) Bonaparte, 1838 {>419 Ma Devonian; age 528 Ma}
3a teraclass:
SARCOPTERYGII (KWASTVINNIGEN / SPIERVINNIGEN / MUSKELFLOSSER /
LOBE-FINNED FISHES / FLESHY-FINNED FISHES) Romer, 1955 {>421 Ma Early
Devonian; age 425–436 Ma}
class: DIPNOTETRAPODOMORPHA (longvissen en viervoetigen / salamandervissen en
viervoetigen / Lungfische und Vierfüßler / lungfishes and tetrapods) {>408 Ma Devonian;
age 420 Ma}
superorder: CERATODONTIMORPHA (longvissen / dubbelademers / Doppelatmer / Lurchfische /
lungfishes) sensu Cloutier & Ahlberg, 1996 {>408 Ma Devonian; age 390 Ma }
Ceratodontiformes (LONGVISACHTIGEN / LUNGENFISCHARTIGE / LUNGFISHES / DIPNOIFORM FISHES /
CERATODONTIFORM FISHES) sensu Cloutier,
CERATODONTOIDEI [many extinct families]
1990 {>359 Ma Carboniferous} [numerous extinct families]
Neoceratodontidae Schultz, 1948 (Australische longvissen / Australische Lungenfische / Australian
lungfishes) {>251 Ma Early Triassic}: Neoceratodus Castelnau, 1876.
LEPIDOSIRENOIDEI {>100 Ma Middle Cretaceous}
Lepidosirenidae Bonaparte, 1841 (longvissen / salamandervissen / slijkvissen / Lungenfische /
Molchfische / lungfishes / mud sirens) {>84 Ma Campanian; age 103 Ma}: Lepidosiren Fitzinger, 1837;
Protopterus Owen, 1839.
4 teraclass:
ACTINOPTERYGII (STRAALVINNIGEN / STRAHLENFLOSSER / RAY-FINNED
FISHES) Cope, 1871 {>421 Ma Early Devonian; age 395 Ma}
class: CLADISTEI {>390 Ma Devonian; age 383 Ma}
Polypteriformes (VEELVINNIGEN / KWASTVINSNOEKACHTIGEN / FLÖSSELHECHTARTIGE / FLÖSSLER /
POLYPTERIFORM FISHES)
sensu McAllister, 1968 {>390 Ma Devonian; age 380 Ma}
Polypteridae Bonaparte, 1835 (kwastvinsnoeken / wimpelalen / Flösselhechte / bichirs) {>100 Ma
Cenomanian; age 19 Ma}: Erpetoichthys Smith, 1865; Polypterus La Cepède, 1803.
class: ACTINOPTERI {>378 Ma Givetian; age 383 Ma}
4-1 subclass: CHONDROSTEI (kraakbeensteuren / chondrosteans) {>121 Ma Lower Yixian; age
350–377 Ma}
Acipenseriformes (STEURACHTIGEN / STÖRARTIGE / KNORPELSCHMELZSCHUPPER / ACIPENSERIFORM
FISHES) sensu Berg, 1940 {>200 Ma Early Jurassic}
ACIPENSEROIDEI (STEURVERWANTEN / STÖRVERWANDTE / ACIPENSEROID FISHES)
sensu Grande & Bemis,
1991
Polyodontidae Bonaparte, 1835 (veeltandigen / Löffelstöre / Vielzähner / paddlefishes) {>121 Ma Lower
Yixian; age 192 Ma}
Polyodontinae (lepelsteuren / peddelvissen / Schaufelrüssler)
Polyodontini (Amerikaanse lepelsteuren / Amerikanische Schaufelrüssler / American
paddlefishes) {age 68 Ma}: Polyodon La Cepède, 1797.
Psephurini Grande & Bemis, 1991 (Aziatische lepelsteuren / Asiatische Schaufelrüssler / Asian
paddlefishes) {age 68 Ma}: Psephurus Günther, 1873.
Acipenseridae Bonaparte, 1831 (steuren / Echte Störe / Rüsselstöre / sturgeons) {>121 Ma Lower
Yixian; age 192 Ma}: Acipenser Linnaeus, 1758; Scaphirhynchus Heckel, 1836.
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Richard van der Laan: Freshwater Fish List 3-1-2016
4-2 subclass: NEOPTERYGII (nieuwvinnigen / Neuflosser) sensu Regan, 1923 {>318 Ma
Mississippian; age 365 Ma}
infraclass: HOLOSTEI {>250 Ma Induan / Lower Triassic; age 323 Ma}
Lepisosteiformes (GLANSSCHUBBIGEN / BEENGANOIDEN / KNOCHENHECHTARTIGE / LEPISOSTEIFORM
FISHES / SEMIONOTIFORM FISHES)
sensu Gayet, Meunier & Werner, 2002 {>245 Ma Middle Anisian; age
320 Ma} [order also known as Semionotiformes]
LEPISOSTEOIDEI (BEENSNOEKVERWANTEN / KNOCHENHECHTVERWANDTE / RAUTENSCHMELZSCHUPPER /
LEPISOSTEOID FISHES) sensu Gosline, 1952
Lepisosteidae Agassiz, 1832 (beensnoeken / kaaimansnoeken / Knochenhechte / Kaimanfische / gars)
{>94 Ma Cretaceous}: Atractosteus Rafinesque, 1820; Lepisosteus La Cepède, 1803.
Amiiformes (MODDERSNOEKACHTIGEN / KAHLHECHTARTIGE / RUNDSCHMELZSCHUPPER / AMIIFORM
FISHES) sensu Grande & Bemis, 1998 {>284 Ma Sakmarian; age 320 Ma}
AMIOIDEI (MODDERSNOEKVERWANTEN / KAHLHECHTVERWANDTE / AMIOID FISHES)
{>151 Ma late Jurassic}
Amiidae Bonaparte, 1831 (moddersnoeken / Kahlhechte / Schlammfische / bowfins) {>146 Ma
Berriasian}
Amiinae (real bowfins) {>100 Ma Cenomanian}: Amia Linnaeus, 1766.
5 infraclass: TELEOSTEI (echte beenvissen / Höhere Knochenfische / Echte Knochenfische / NeuKnochenfische / modern bonyfishes / teleosts) sensu Wiley & Johnson, 2010 {>250 Ma
Induan / Lower Triassic; age 310–323 Ma}
5a cohort: ELOPOMORPHA (TARPONACHTIGEN / TARPUNÄHNLICHE / TARPONLIKE FISHES) sensu
Chen et al., 2013 {>151 Ma Kimmeridgian; age 283 Ma}
Anguilliformes (BUIKVINLOZEN / AALACHTIGEN / PALINGACHTIGEN / AALARTIGE / EELS / ANGUILLIFORM
FISHES)
sensu Chen et al., 2013 {>112 Ma Albian; age 116 Ma} [suborders tentative]
MURAENOIDEI (MOERAALVERWANTEN / MURÄNVERWANDTE / MURAENOID FISHES) sensu Chen et al., 2013
{age 76 Ma}
Muraenidae Rafinesque, 1815 (murenen / moeralen / Muränen / morays / moray eels) {>56 Ma
Ypresian; age 60 Ma} [this family includes a not listed marine subfamily]
Muraeninae {age 56 Ma} [this subfamily includes not listed marine genera]: Gymnothorax Bloch,
1795; Strophidon McClelland, 1844.
ANGUILLOIDEI (AALVERWANTEN / AALVERWANDTE / ANGUILLOID FISHES)
sensu Chen et al., 2013 {>56 Ma
Ypresian; age 81 Ma}
Moringuidae Gill, 1885 (spaghetti-alen / wormpalingen / Spaghetti-aale / Wurmaale / spaghetti eels)
[this family includes a not listed marine genus]: Moringua Gray, 1831.
Anguillidae Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1810 (alen / palingen / Echte Aale / Flussaale / freshwater eels) {>48
Ma Lutetian / Eocene; age 17 Ma}: Anguilla Garsault, 1764.
CONGROIDEI (ZEEPALINGVERWANTEN / MEERAALVERWANDTE / CONGROID EELS)
sensu Chen et al., 2013
{age 86 Ma}
Ophichthidae Günther, 1870 (wormalen / slangalen / Schlangenaale / snake & worm eels / shrimp eels /
sand eels) {>71 Ma Maastrichtian; age 57 Ma} [this family includes a not listed marine subfamily]
Ophichthinae (staartvinloze slangalen / Schlangenaale ohne Schwanzflosse / snake eels) [this
subfamily includes not listed marine genera]: Dalophis Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1810; Lamnostoma
Kaup, 1856; Ophichthus Thunberg, 1789; Pisodonophis Kaup, 1856; Stictorhinus Böhlke &
McCosker, 1975; Yirrkala Whitley, 1940.
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Freshwater fish classification
5b cohort: OSTEOGLOSSOMORPHA (BEENTONGACHTIGEN / KNOCHENZÜNGLERÄHNLICHE /
BONYTONGUE-LIKE FISHES)
sensu Wiley & Johnson, 2010 {>151 Ma Kimmeridgian; age
274 Ma}
Hiodontiformes (MAANOOGACHTIGEN / MONDAUGENARTIGE / HIODONTIFORM FISHES) sensu Hilton,
2003 {>130 Ma Barremian; age 225 Ma}
Hiodontidae Valenciennes, 1847 (maanogen / tandharingen / Mondaugen / Zahnheringe / mooneyes)
{>56 Ma Eocene}: Hiodon Lesueur, 1818.
Osteoglossiformes (BEENTONGACHTIGEN / KNOCHENZÜNGLERARTIGE / OSTEOGLOSSIFORM FISHES /
BONYTONGUES) sensu
Wilson & Murray, 2008 {>146 Ma Early Cretaceous; age 225 Ma}
OSTEOGLOSSOIDEI (BEENTONGVERWANTEN / KNOCHENZÜNGLERVERWANDTE / OSTEOGLOSSOID FISHES)
{>100 Ma Cenomanian or ? Early Cretaceous; age 200 Ma}
Pantodontoidea (African butterfly fishes)
Pantodontidae Peters, 1876 (vlindervissen / Schmetterlingsfische / freshwater butterfly fishes) {>100
Ma Cenomanian; age 182 Ma}: Pantodon Peters, 1876.
Osteoglossoidea (beentongvissen) {age 182 Ma}
Osteoglossidae Bonaparte, 1845 (beentongen / Knochenzüngler / bonytongues / arowanas /
osteoglossids) {>112 Ma Albian; age 180 Ma}: Osteoglossum Cuvier, 1829; Scleropagus Günther, 1864.
Arapaimidae Bonaparte, 1846 (arapaimas / Arapaimas / heterotidids / arapaimids) {>125 Ma Aptian;
age 180 Ma}: Arapaima Müller, 1843; Heterotis Rüppell, 1828.
Mormyroidea (nijlsnoekachtigen / radarvissen / Nilhechtähnliche / mormyroids) {age 160 Ma}
Gymnarchidae Bleeker, 1859 (nijlsnoeken / Großnilhechte / Nilaale / aba’s / gymnarchids) {>5 Ma late
Miocene; age 150 Ma}: Gymnarchus Cuvier, 1829.
Mormyridae Bonaparte, 1831 (olifantsvissen / Nilhechte / elephantfishes / mormyrids / snout fishes) {>5
Ma late Miocene; age 150 Ma}
Petrocephalinae Gill, 1862 (walvis-olifantsvissen / Boxernilhechte / whale elephantfishes /
petrocephalines): Petrocephalus Marcusen, 1854.
Mormyrinae (tapirvissen / Nasennilhechte / mormyrines): Boulengeromyrus Taverne & Géry, 1968;
Brevimyrus Taverne, 1971; Brienomyrus Taverne, 1971; Campylomormyrus Bleeker, 1874;
Cyphomyrus Myers, 1960; Genyomyrus Boulenger, 1898; Gnathonemus Gill, 1863; Heteromormyrus
Steindachner 1866; Hippopotamyrus Pappenheim, 1906; Hyperopisus Gill, 1862; Isichthys Gill, 1863;
Ivindomyrus Taverne & Géry, 1975; Marcusenius Gill, 1862; Mormyrops Müller, 1843; Mormyrus
Linnaeus, 1758; Myomyrus Boulenger, 1898; Paramormyrops Taverne, Thys van den Audenaerde &
Heymer 1977; Pollimyrus Taverne, 1971; Stomatorhinus Boulenger, 1898.
Notopteroidea (mesvissen van de oude wereld / Alte Welt Messerfische / Old World knifefishes) {age
160 Ma}
Notopteridae Bleeker, 1851 (mesvissen van de oude wereld / Eigentliche Messerfische / Alte Welt
Messerfische / featherfin knifefishes / featherbacks / Old World knifefishes) {>100 Ma Cenomanian /
Middle Cretaceous; age 160 Ma}
Notopterinae (Aziatische mesvissen / chitala’s / Asiatische Messerfische / asiatic featherbacks) {>73
Ma Upper Cretaceous; age 133 Ma}: Chitala Fowler, 1934; Notopterus La Cepède, 1800.
Xenomystinae Greenwood, 1963 (Afrikaanse mesvissen / Afrikanische Messerfische / african
featherbacks) {age 133 Ma}: Papyrocranus Greenwood, 1963; Xenomystus Günther, 1868.
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Richard van der Laan: Freshwater Fish List 3-1-2016
5c cohort: OTOMORPHA sensu Wiley & Johnson, 2010 {>151 Ma Tithonian; age 251–265 Ma}
subcohort: CLUPEI sensu Wiley & Johnson, 2010 {>151 Ma Tithonian; age 265 Ma}
Clupeiformes (HARINGACHTIGEN / HERINGSARTIGE / HERINGSFISCHE / CLUPEIFORM FISHES /
HERRINGLIKE FISHES)
sensu Lavoué et al., 2007 {>125 Ma Barremian / Early Cretaceous; age 226 Ma}
DENTICIPITOIDEI (KOPTANDIGEN / STACHELHERINGSVERWANDTE / DENTICIPITOID FISHES) sensu
Greenwood,
1960 {age 225 Ma}
Denticipitidae Clausen, 1959 (koptandharingen / stekelharingen / Stachelheringe / Süßwasserheringe /
denticle herrings) {>38 Ma Oligocene; age 140 Ma}: Denticeps Clausen, 1959.
CLUPEOIDEI (HARINGVERWANTEN / HERINGSVERWANDTE / CLUPEOID FISHES) sensu
Grande, 1985 {>100 Ma
Cenomanian; age 150 Ma}
Clupeoidea (clupeides) {>112 Ma Albian-Aptian; age 110 Ma}
Pristigasteridae Bleeker, 1872 (zaagbuikharingen / Sägebauchheringe / longfin herrings /
pristigasterids) {>71 Ma late Cretaceous} [this family includes not listed marine genera]: Odontognathus
La Cepède, 1800; Pristigaster Cuvier, 1816; Raconda Gray, 1831.
Pellonidae Gill, 1861 (pellona’s / pellonas) [this family includes not listed marine genera]: Euplatygaster
Fowler, 1934; Ilisha Richardson, 1846; Neosteus Norman, 1923; Pellona Valenciennes, 1847.
Clupeidae Cuvier, 1816 (haringen / Heringe / herrings & shads) [this family includes a not listed marine
subfamily; some subfamilies tentative]
Clupeinae {>74 Ma Campanian / Maastrichtian; age 95 Ma} [this subfamily includes not listed marine
genera]
Clupeini (echte haringen / Eigentliche Heringe / herrings) {age 70 Ma} [this tribe includes not listed
marine genera]: Herklotsichthys Whitley, 1951.
Hyperlophini Ogilby, 1897 (zandsprotten / Sandsprotten / double-armoured freshwater herrings)
{age 50 Ma}: Hyperlophus Ogilby, 1892; Potamalosa Ogilby, 1897.
Dorosomatinae Gill, 1861 (zoetwaterharingen / Süßwasserheringe / freshwater herrings) {>62 Ma
Middle Paleocene; age 95 Ma} [this subfamily includes not listed marine genera]
Ehiravini Deraniyagala, 1929 (Indische zoetwaterharingen / Indische Sandsprotten / Indian
freshwater herrings) {age 95 Ma}: Clupeichthys Bleeker, 1855; Clupeoides Bleeker, 1851;
Clupeonella Kessler, 1877; Corica Hamilton, 1822; Dayella Talwar & Whitehead, 1971; Ehirava
Deraniyagala, 1929; Gilchristella Fowler, 1935; Minyclupeoides Roberts, 2008; Sauvagella Bertin,
1940; Spratellomorpha Bertin, 1946, Sundasalanx Roberts, 1981.
Alosini Svetovidov, 1952 (elften / Finten / shads) {age 25 Ma}: Alosa Garsault, 1764.
Congothrissini Poll, 1964: Congothrissa Poll, 1964.
Pellonulini Svetovidov, 1952 (Afrikaanse zoetwaterharingen / Afrikanische Süßwasserheringe /
African freshwater herrings) {age 55 Ma}: Cynothrissa Regan, 1917; Ethmalosa Regan, 1917;
Laeviscutella Poll, Whitehead & Hopson, 1965; Limnothrissa Regan, 1917; Microthrissa
Boulenger, 1902; Nannothrissa Poll, 1965; Odaxothrissa Boulenger, 1899; Pellonula Günther,
1868; Potamothrissa Regan, 1917; Sierrathrissa Thys van den Audenaerde, 1969; Stolothrissa
Regan, 1917; Thrattidion Roberts, 1972.
Anodontostomatini Herre, 1933 {age 50 Ma}: Anodontostoma Bleeker, 1849; Clupanodon La
Cepède, 1803; Gonialosa Regan, 1917; Gudusia Fowler, 1911; Konosirus Jordan & Snyder, 1900;
Nematalosa Regan, 1917; Tenualosa Fowler, 1934.
“South American dorosomatins” {age 30 Ma}: Platanichthys Whitehead, 1968; Ramnogaster
Whitehead, 1965; Rhinosardinia Eigenmann, 1912.
Dorosomatini Gill, 1861 (spiermaagharingen / gizzard shads) {age 30 Ma}: Dorosoma
Rafinesque, 1820, Sardinella Valenciennes, 1847.
Engraulioidea (engraulides) {>50 Ma Ypresian; age 110 Ma}
Engraulidae Gill, 1861 (ansjovissen / Sardellen / anchovies / engraulids) {>50 Ma Ypresian; age 70 Ma}
Engraulinae (Nieuwe Wereld ansjovissen / engraulines) {>23 Ma Miocene / Burdigalian; age 60 Ma}
[this subfamily includes not listed marine genera]: Amazonsprattus Roberts, 1984; Anchoa Jordan &
Evermann, 1927; Anchovia Jordan & Evermann, 1895; Anchoviella Fowler, 1911; Cetengraulis
83
Freshwater fish classification
Günther, 1868; Jurengraulis Whitehead, 1988; Lycengraulis Günther, 1868; Pterengraulis Günther,
1868; Stolephorus La Cepède, 1803.
Coiliinae Bleeker, 1872 (Oude Wereld ansjovissen / old world engraulines) {age 60 Ma} [this
subfamily includes a not listed marine genus]: Coilia Gray, 1830; Lycothrissa Günther, 1868;
Setipinna Swainson, 1839; Thrissina Jordan & Seale, 1925.
subcohort: OSTARIOPHYSI sensu Wiley & Johnson, 2010 {>151 Ma Tithonian; age 207 Ma}
section: ANOTOPHYSA {>126 Ma Barremian; age 205 Ma}
Gonorynchiformes (ZANDVISACHTIGEN / SANDFISCHARTIGE / GONORYNCHIFORM FISHES / MILKFISHES)
sensu Grande & Poyato-Ariza, 1999 {>126 Ma Aptian / Early Cretaceous; age 220 Ma}
GONORYNCHOIDEI (MELKVISVERWANTEN / RÜSSELSALMVERWANDTE / MILCHFISCHVERWANDTE /
GONORYNCHOID FISHES) sensu Grande & Poyato-Ariza, 1999 {>71 Ma Maastrichtian; age 183
Ma}
Kneriidae Günther, 1868 (oor- en moddervissen / Schlankfische / kneriids / African freshwater
gonorynchiforms) {>46 Ma Lutetian / Middle Eocene; age 122 Ma}
Phractolaeminae Boulenger, 1901 (moddervissen / Afrikanische Schlammfische / snake mudheads /
phractolaemines) {age 121 Ma}: Phractolaemus Boulenger, 1901.
Kneriinae (oorvissen / Ohrenfische / shellears / earfishes) {>46 Ma Lutetian; age 37 Ma}
Kneriini {>46 Ma Lutetian; age 24 Ma}: Kneria Steindachner, 1866.
Cromeriini Boulenger, 1904 (larfvissen / Larvenfische / cromeriins / miniaturized earfishes) {age
24 Ma}: Cromeria Boulenger, 1901; Grasseichthys Géry, 1964; Parakneria Poll, 1965.
section:
OTOPHYSA (VISSEN MET HET ORGAAN VAN WEBER / FISCHE MIT WEBERSCHEN
APPARAT / EAR-BLADDER FISHES / W EBERIAN APPARATUS FISHES) {>126 Ma Barremian;
age 153–214 Ma}
superorder:
CYPRINIPHYSAE
Cypriniformes (KARPERACHTIGEN / KARPFENFISCHARTIGE / CARPS / CYPRINIFORM FISHES) {>62 Ma
Ypresian / Early Paleocene; age 118–159 Ma}
CYPRINOIDEI (KARPERVERWANTEN / KARPFENFISCHVERWANDTE / CYPRINOID FISHES)
{>66 Ma Danian; age
156 Ma}
Cyprinoidea
Psilorhynchidae Hora, 1926 (bergkarpers / Himalaya algeneters / spoelgrondels / Zitterschmerlen /
Himalaja Bärblinge / Gonzo-Bärblinge / mountain carps / torrent fishes / stone carps) {age 46 Ma}:
Psilorhynchus McClelland, 1838.
Cyprinidae Rafinesque, 1815 (karperfamilie / Karpfenfische / Weißfische / minnows & carps / cyprinids)
{>56 Ma Ypresian / Early Eocene; [subfamilies and tribes tentative]
Probarbinae Yang et al., 2015 (primitive cyprinids): Catlocarpio Boulenger, 1898; Probarbus
Sauvage, 1880.
Labeoninae Bleeker, 1859 (lipkarpers / Lippenbarben / labeonines) {>14 Ma Middle Miocene; age 82
Ma} [tribes tentative]:
Parapsilorhynchini Babu Rao & Yazdani, 1978: Diplocheilichthys Bleeker, 1859; Longanalus Li,
2006; Neorohita Fowler, 1937; Parapsilorhynchus Hora, 1921; Protolabeo Zhang, Zhao & An,
2010; Sinilabeo Rendahl, 1932.
Labeonini (lipkarpers / Lippenbarben / labeonins): Bangana Hamilton, 1822; Cirrhinus Oken,
1817; Gymnostomus Heckel, 1843; Incisilabeo Fowler, 1937; Labeo Cuvier, 1816;
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Schismatorhynchos Bleeker, 1855.
Garrini Bleeker, 1863 (raspelbarbelen / zuiglipkarpers / Saugbarben / suckerbarbs): Garra
Hamilton, 1822; Gonorhynchus McClelland, 1839; Paracrossochilus Popta, 1904.
“Osteochilus clade”: Barbichthys Bleeker, 1860; Crossocheilus Kuhl & van Hasselt, 1823;
Epalzeorhynchos Bleeker, 1855; Henicorhynchus Smith, 1945; Labiobarbus van Hasselt, 1823;
Lobocheilos Bleeker, 1853; Osteochilus Günther, 1868; Thynnichthys Bleeker, 1860.
“Semilabeo clade” (Chinese lipkarpers / Chinesische Saugbarben / Chinese suckerbarbs):
Ageneiogarra Garman, 1912; Cophecheilus Zhu, Zhang, Zhang & Han, 2011; Discogobio Lin,
1931; Hongshuia Zhang, Qiang & Lan, 2008; Linichthys Zhang & Fang, 2005; Mekongina Fowler,
1937; Paraqianlabeo Zhao et al., 2014; Parasinilabeo Wu, 1939; Placocheilus Wu, 1977;
Pseudocrossocheilus Zhang & Chen, 1997; Pseudogyrinocheilus Fang, 1933; Ptychidio Myers,
1930; Qianlabeo Zhang & Chen, 2004; Rectoris Lin, 1935; Semilabeo Peters, 1881; Sinigarra
Zhang & Zhou, 2012; Sinocrossocheilus Wu, 1977; Stenorynchoacrum Huang, Yang & Chen,
2014; Vinagarra Nguyen & Bui, 2009.
Torinae Karaman, 1971: Arabibarbus Borkenhagen, 2014; Barbopsis Di Caporiacco, 1926;
Carasobarbus Karaman, 1971; Hypselobarbus Bleeker, 1860; Labeobarbus Rüppell, 1835;
Lepidopygopsis Raj, 1941; Mesopotamichthys Karaman, 1971; Naziritor Mirza & Javed, 1985;
Neolissochilus Rainboth, 1985; Osteochilichthys Hora, 1942; Pterocapoeta Günther, 1902; Sanagia
Holly, 1926; Tor Gray, 1834; Varicorhinus Rüppell, 1835.
Smiliogastrinae Bleeker, 1863 (barbeeltjes / barbs / systomins) {age 58 Ma}: Barbodes Bleeker,
1859; Barboides Brüning, 1929; Caecobarbus Boulenger, 1921; Chagunius Smith, 1938;
Clypeobarbus Fowler, 1936; Coptostomabarbus David & Poll, 1937; Dawkinsia Pethiyagoda,
Meegaskumbura & Maduwage, 2012; Desmopuntius Kottelat, 2013; Eechathalakenda Menon, 1999;
Enteromius Cope 1867; Haludaria Pethiyagoda, 2013; Hampala Kuhl & van Hasselt, 1823; Oliotius
Kottelat, 2013; Oreichthys Smith, 1933; Osteobrama Heckel, 1843; Pethia Pethiyagoda,
Meegaskumbura & Maduwage, 2012; Prolabeo Norman, 1932; Prolabeops Schultz, 1941;
Pseudobarbus Smith, 1841; Puntigrus Kottelat, 2013; Puntius Hamilton, 1822; Rohtee Sykes, 1839;
Sahyadria Raghaven et al., 2013; Striuntius Kottelat, 2013; Systomus McClelland, 1838; Xenobarbus
Norman, 1923.
Cyprininae (karpers en barbelen / Barbenähnliche / Kärpflinge / barbines / cyprinines) {>55 Ma
Eocene; age 82 Ma}
Rohteichthyini Günther, 1868 (Aziatische barbelen / Asiatische Barben / asiatic barbs) {age 68
Ma}: Albulichthys Bleeker, 1859; Amblyrhynchichthys Bleeker, 1859; Anematichthys Bleeker,
1859; Balantiocheilos Bleeker, 1859; Barbodes Bleeker, 1859; Barbonymus Kottelat, 1999;
Cosmochilus Sauvage, 1878; Cyclocheilichthys Bleeker, 1859; Cyclocheilos Bleeker, 1859;
Discherodontus Rainboth, 1989; Eirmotus Schultz, 1959; Hypsibarbus Rainboth, 1996;
Kalimantania Bănărescu, 1980; Laocypris Kottelat, 2000; Mystacoleucus Günther, 1868;
Parasikukia Doi, 2000; Poropuntius Smith, 1931; Puntioplites Smith, 1929; Rohteichthys Bleeker,
1860; Sawbwa Annandale, 1918; Scaphognathops Smith, 1945; Sikukia Smith, 1931;
Troglocyclocheilus Kottelat & Bréhier, 1999.
Cyprinini (karpers / cyprins) {>23 Ma Miocene; age 68 Ma}: Aaptosyax Rainboth, 1991;
Carassioides Oshima, 1926; Carassius Jarocki, 1822; Cyprinus Linnaeus, 1758; Luciocyprinus
Vaillant, 1904; Paraspinibarbus Chu & Kottelat, 1989; Parator Wu, Yang, Yue & Huang, 1964;
Procypris Lin, 1933; Sinibarbus Sauvage, 1874; Sinocyclocheilus Fang, 1936; Typhlobarbus Chu
& Chen, 1982.
Acrossocheilini Yang et al., 2015: Acrossocheilus Oshima, 1919; Folifer Wu, 1977;
Onychostoma Günther, 1896.
Spinibarbini Yang et al., 2015: Spinibarbichthys Oshima, 1926; Spinibarbus Oshima, 1919.
Schizothoracini McClelland, 1842 (schneeuwbarbelen / Schneebarben / snow barbels / snow
carps / snow trouts / primitive schizothoracins / oreinins / coldwater barbs) {>23 Ma Miocene; age
11 Ma}: Aspiorhynchus Kessler, 1879; Percocypris Chu, 1935; Schizopyge Heckel, 1848;
Schizothorax Heckel, 1838.
Barbini Bleeker, 1859 (barbelen / Barben / barbels / barbins) {>23 Ma Miocene; age 60 Ma}:
Aulopyge Heckel, 1841; Barbus Cuvier & Cloquet, 1816; Caecocypris Banister & Bunni, 1980;
Capoeta Valenciennes, 1842; Cyprinion Heckel, 1843; Kantaka Hora, 1942; Luciobarbus Heckel,
1843; Scaphiodonichthys Vinciguerra, 1890; Schizocypris Regan, 1914; Semiplotus Bleeker, 1860.
Schizopygopsini Mirza, 1991 (spleetbarbelen / Schlitzkarpfen / mountain barbels / specialized
schizothoracins): Chuanchia Herzenstein, 1891; Diptychus Steindachner, 1866; Gymnocypris
Günther, 1868; Gymnodiptychus Herzenstein, 1892; Oreinus McClelland, 1838; Oxygymnocypris
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Freshwater fish classification
Tsao, 1964; Platypharodon Herzenstein, 1891; Ptychobarbus Steindachner, 1866; Schizopygopsis
Steindachner, 1866.
Leuciscidae Bonaparte, 1835 (voorns / Eigentliche Weißfische / leuciscids) {>34 Ma Rupelian; age 8390 Ma}
Danioninae Bleeker, 1863 (danio’s / Bärblinge / danionines / rasborine fishes) {>55 Ma Eocene; age
30-50 Ma}
Chedrini Bleeker, 1863 (Afro-aziatische forelbarbelen / Forellebärblinge / troutbarbs / bariliines):
Barilius Hamilton, 1822; Bengala Gray, 1834; Cabdio Hamilton, 1822; Chelaethiops Boulenger,
1899; Engraulicypris Günther, 1894; Esomus Swainson, 1839; Leptocypris Boulenger, 1900;
Luciosoma Bleeker, 1855; Malayochela Bănărescu, 1968; Mesobola Howes, 1984; Nematabramis
Boulenger, 1894; Neobola Vinciguerra, 1895; Opsaridium Peters, 1854; Opsarius McClelland,
1839; Raiamas Jordan, 1919; Rastrineobola Fowler, 1936; Salmostoma Swainson, 1839;
Securicula Günther, 1868; Thryssocypris Roberts & Kottelat, 1984.
Danionini (danio’s / Danios / chelins / danionins) {age 32 Ma}: Betadevario Pramod et al., 2010;
Brachydanio Weber & de Beaufort, 1916; Celestichthys Roberts, 2007; Chela Hamilton, 1822;
Danio Hamilton, 1822; Danionella Roberts, 1986; Devario Heckel, 1843; Inlecypris Howes, 1980;
Laubuka Bleeker, 1859; Microdevario Fang et al., 2009; Microrasbora Annandale, 1918;
Paedocypris Kottelat, Britz, Tan & Witte, 2005.
Sundadanionini Mayden & Chen, 2010: Fangfangia Britz, Kottelat & Tan, 2012; Sundadanio
Kottelat & Witte, 1999.
Rasborini Günther, 1868 (rasbora’s / Rasboras / rasborins): Amblypharyngodon Bleeker, 1860;
Boraras Kottelat & Vidthayanon, 1993; Brevibora Liao, Kullander & Fang, 2010; Horadandia
Deraniyagala, 1943; Kottelatia Liao, Kullander & Fang, 2010; Pectenocypris Kottelat, 1982;
Rasbora Bleeker, 1859; Rasboroides Brittan, 1954; Rasbosoma Liao, Kullander & Fang, 2010;
Trigonopoma Liao, Kullander & Fang, 2010; Trigonostigma Kottelat & Witte, 1999.
Leptobarbinae Bleeker, 1864: Leptobarbus Bleeker, 1859.
Xenocypridinae Günther, 1868 (Chinese voorns / Oostaziatische voorns / zwartbuiksnepen /
Schwarzbauchnasen / xenocypridines / xenocyprinines / East Asian cyprinins / cultrines) {>38 Ma
Oligocene; age 102 Ma} [tribes uncertain]
Opsariichthyini Rendahl, 1928 (Oostaziatische danio’s) {age 79 Ma}: Candidia Jordan &
Richardson, 1909; Nipponocypris Chen, Wu & Hsu, 2008; Opsariichthys Bleeker, 1863; Parazacco
Chen, 1982; Xenocyprioides Chen 1982.
Oxygastrini Fowler, 1951 (Aziatische kielvoorns) {age 79 Ma}: Aphyocypris Günther, 1868;
Araiocypris Conway & Kottelat, 2008; Gymnodanio Chen & He, 1992; Hemigrammocypris Fowler,
1910; Macrochirichthys Bleeker, 1860; Metzia Jordan & Thompson, 1914; Oxygaster van Hasselt,
1823; Parachela Steindachner, 1881; Paralaubuca Bleeker, 1864; Rasborichthys Bleeker, 1859.
Hypophthalmichthyini Günther, 1868 (Chinese graskarpers / Chinese snoekvoorns / bighead
carps / elopichthyins / Chinese grass carps / ctenopharyngodons) {>14 Ma middle Miocene; age 8
Ma }: Atrilinea Chu, 1935; Ctenopharyngodon Steindachner, 1866; Elopichthys Bleeker, 1860;
Hypophthalmichthys Bleeker, 1860; Luciobrama Bleeker, 1870; Mylopharyngodon Peters, 1881;
Ochetobius Günther, 1868.
Squaliobarbini Rainboth, 1991 (squaliobarbins) {>14 Ma middle Miocene}: Squaliobarbus
Günther, 1868.
Xenocypridini (Chinese kielvoorns / Kielweißfische / true xenocyprins / xenocyprinins) {age 9 Ma}:
Distoechodon Peters, 1881; Plagiognathops Berg 1907; Pseudobrama Bleeker, 1870; Xenocypris
Günther, 1868.
Cultrina Kryzanowsky, 1947 (Chinese brasems / kielvoorns / Kielkarpfenfische / Chinesische
Brachsen / cultrins) {>23 Ma Early Miocene}: Anabarilius Cockerell, 1923; Ancherythroculter Yih
& Wu, 1964; Chanodichthys Bleeker, 1860; Culter Basilewsky, 1855; Ischikauia Jordan & Snyder,
1900; Longiculter Fowler, 1937; Megalobrama Dybowski, 1872; Parabramis Bleeker, 1864;
Pogobrama Luo, 1995; Sinibrama Wu, 1939.
“Hemiculter clade” [sensu Dai & Yang, 2003] (slanke Chinese kielvoorns / Langgestreckte
Kielweißfische / hemicultrins / elongate cultrins): Hainania Koller, 1927; Hemiculter Bleeker,
1860; Hemiculterella Warpachowski, 1887; Pseudohemiculter Nichols & Pope, 1927;
Pseudolaubuca Bleeker, 1864; Toxabramis Günther, 1873.
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Tanichthyini Mayden & Chen, 2010 (Chinese danio’s / Kardinalfische / mountain minnows):
Tanichthys Lin, 1932.
Acheilognathinae Bleeker, 1863 (bittervoorns / Bitterlinge / bitterlings) {>23 Ma Early Miocene; age
20 Ma}: Acheilognathus Bleeker, 1859; Paratanakia Chang, Chen & Mayden, 2014; Pseudorhodeus
Chang, Chen & Mayden, 2014; Rhodeus Agassiz, 1832; Tanakia Jordan & Thompson, 1914.
Tincinae Jordan, 1878 (zeelten / Schleien / tenches) {>30 Ma Early Oligocene / Rupelian; age 83
Ma}: Tinca Garsault, 1764.
Gobioninae Bleeker, 1863 (karpergrondels / Gründlinge / gobionines) {>50 Ma Eocene; age 64 Ma}
[tribes uncertain]
“Hemibarbus-Squalidus clade” [sensu Tang et al. 2011] (hemibarbins) {age 58 Ma}: Belligobio
Jordan & Hubbs, 1925; Hemibarbus Bleeker, 1860; Squalidus Dybowski, 1872.
Sarcocheilichthyini Kryzanowsky, 1947 {>32 Ma Early Oligocene; age 57 Ma}: Coreius Jordan &
Starks, 1905; Coreoleuciscus Mori, 1935; Gnathopogon Bleeker, 1860; Gobiocypris Ye & Fu,
1983; Ladislavia Dybowski, 1869; Paracanthobrama Bleeker, 1865; Paraleucogobio Berg, 1907;
Pseudopungtungia Mori, 1935; Pseudorasbora Bleeker, 1860; Pungtungia Herzenstein, 1892;
Rhinogobio Bleeker, 1870; Sarcocheilichthys Bleeker, 1860.
Gobionini (riviergrondels / geuvels / Flußgründlinge / Schmerlengründlinge / bottom-dwelling
gobionins / gobionins) {age 54 Ma}
Gobiobotiina Mori, 1933: Gobiobotia Kreyenberg, 1911; Xenophysogobio Chen & Cao, 1977.
Gobionina: Gobio Cuvier, 1816; Mesogobio Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1973; Romanogobio
Bănărescu, 1961.
Armatogobionina Kryzanowsky, 1947 (Oost-aziatische riviergrondels / Ostasiatische
Schmerlengründlinge / East-asian gobionins / pseudogobiins / pseudogobionids): Abbottina
Jordan & Fowler, 1903; Biwia Jordan & Fowler, 1903; Huigobio Fang, 1938; Microphysogobio
Mori, 1934; Platysmacheilus Lo, Yao & Chen, 1977; Pseudogobio Bleeker, 1860; Saurogobio
Bleeker, 1870.
Leuciscinae (voorns / witvissen / Eigentliche Weißfische / leuciscines) {>34 Ma Rupelian; age 83 Ma}
[tribes uncertain]
Phoxinini Bleeker, 1863 (elritsen / Elritzen / chubs & minnows / phoxinines) {>23 Ma Miocene;
age 63 Ma}: Oreoleuciscus Warpachowski, 1889; Phoxinus Rafinesque, 1820; Pseudaspius
Dybowski, 1869.
Leuciscini (witvissen / Weißfische / daces) {>30 Ma Rupelian; age 65 Ma}
“Pachychilon clade” {age 33 Ma}: Pachychilon Steindachner, 1882.
“primitive leuciscins clade” {> 19 Ma Early Miocene; age 29-37 Ma}: Delminichthys Freyhof et al.,
2006; Leucalburnus Berg, 1916; Notemigonus Rafinesque, 1819; Pelasgus Kottelat & Freyhof,
2007.
Leuciscina (snoekwitvissen / Hechtweißfische / eurasiatic daces) {> 19 Ma Early Miocene; age
28 Ma}: Aspiolucius Berg, 1907; Leuciscus Cuvier, 1816; Pelecus Agassiz, 1835.
“Alburnoides clade” {age 27 Ma}: Alburnoides Jeitteles, 1861.
Abramina Dybowski, 1862 (brasems / Brachsen / breams) {age 26 Ma}: Abramis Cuvier, 1816;
Acanthobrama Heckel, 1843; Capoetobrama Berg, 1916; Mirogrex Goren, Fishelson & Trewavas,
1973; Vimba Fitzinger, 1873.
Chondrostomina Agassiz, 1855 (kraakbeenlipkarpers / alvers / chondrostomine fishes) {> 19 Ma
Early Miocene; age 25 Ma}: Achondrostoma Robalo et al., 2006; Alburnus Rafinesque, 1820;
Anaecypris Collares-Pereira, 1983; Chondrostoma Agassiz, 1832; Iberochondrostoma Robalo et
al., 2006; Leucaspius Heckel & Kner, 1858; Leucos Heckel, 1843; Parachondrostoma Robalo et
al., 2006; Petroleuciscus Bogutskaya, 2002; Phoxinellus Heckel, 1843; Protochondrostoma
Robalo et al., 2006; Pseudochondrostoma Robalo et al., 2006; Pseudophoxinus Bleeker, 1860;
Rutilus Rafinesque, 1820; Sarmarutilus Bianco & Ketmaier, 2014; Scardinius Bonaparte, 1837;
Squalius Bonaparte, 1837; Telestes Bonaparte, 1837; Tropidophoxinellus Stephanidis, 1974.
Laviniini Bleeker, 1863 (western chubs) {age 52 Ma}
Chrosomina Jordan, 1878: Chrosomus Rafinesque, 1820.
Laviniina {> 12 Ma Middle Miocene}: Eremichthys Hubbs & Miller, 1948; Gila Baird & Girard,
1853; Hesperoleucus Snyder, 1913; Klamathella Miller, 1945; Lavinia Girard, 1854;
Mylopharodon Ayres, 1855; Orthodon Girard, 1856; Ptychocheilus Agassiz, 1855; Relictus Hubbs
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Freshwater fish classification
& Miller, 1972; Siphateles Cope, 1883.
Plagopterini Cope, 1874 (creek chubs / CC-Plagopterin clade) {age 52 Ma}: Couesius Jordan,
1878; Hemitremia Cope, 1870; Lepidomeda Cope, 1874; Margariscus Cockerell, 1909; Meda
Girard, 1856; Plagopterus Cope, 1874; Rhynchocypris Günther, 1889; Semotilus Rafinesque,
1820; Stypodon Garman, 1881.
Pogonichthyini Girard, 1858 (North American minnows & shiners / OPM clade)
Pogonichthyina (Mylocheilus clade) {> 7 Ma late Miocene; age 44 Ma}: Clinostomus Girard,
1856; Iotichthys Jordan & Evermann, 1896; Mylocheilus Agassiz, 1855; Pogonichthys Girard,
1854; Richardsonius Girard, 1856;
Exoglossina Jordan, 1877: Exoglossum Rafinesque, 1818; Oregonichthys Hubbs, 1929;
Pararhinichthys Stauffer, Hocutt & Mayden, 1997; Rhinichthys Agassiz, 1849; Tiaroga Girard,
1856.
Campostomina Jordan, 1877: Campostoma Agassiz, 1855; Nocomis Girard, 1856.
Hybognathina Jordan, 1878 (shiners / Platygobio-shiner clade) {age 44 Ma} [Graodontinae
Jordan 1877 forgotten name]: Agosia Girard, 1856; Alburnops Girard, 1856; Algansea Girard,
1856; Codoma Girard, 1856; Cyprinella Girard, 1856; Dionda Girard, 1856; Erimonax Jordan,
1924; Erimystax Jordan, 1882; Evarra Woolman, 1894; Graodus Günther, 1868; Hudsonius
Girard, 1856; Hybognathus Agassiz, 1855; Hybopsis Agassiz, 1854; Luxilus Rafinesque, 1820;
Lythrurus Jordan, 1876; Macrhybopsis Cockerell & Allison, 1909; Miniellus Jordan, 1888;
Notropis Rafinesque, 1818; Opsopoeodus Hay, 1881; Phenacobius Cope, 1867; Pimephales
Rafinesque, 1820; Platygobio Gill, 1863; Pteronotropis Fowler, 1935; Stypodon Garman, 1881;
Tampichthys Schönhuth et al., 2008.
COBITOIDEI (MODDERKRUIPERVERWANTEN / SCHMERLENVERWANDTE / COBITOID FISHES)
{>66 Ma Danian;
age 156 Ma}
Catostomidae Agassiz, 1850 (karperzuigers / zuigkarpers / Sauger / Saugkarpfen / suckers / catostomid
fishes) {>66 Ma Danian / Early Paleocene; age 145 Ma}
Myxocyprininae Fowler, 1958 (Aziatische karperzuigers / Asiatische Sauger / Asian suckers) {age 76
Ma}: Myxocyprinus Gill, 1878.
Ictiobinae Bleeker, 1863 (buffelzuigers / Büffelsauger / ictiobine suckers / buffalo fishes) {>56 Ma
Ypresian; age 68 Ma}: Carpiodes Rafinesque, 1820; Ictiobus Rafinesque, 1820.
Cycleptinae Gill, 1861 (cycleptine suckers) {>56 Ma Ypresian; age 68 Ma}: Cycleptus Rafinesque,
1819.
Catostominae (kamtand-karpers / catostomine suckers) {>23 Ma Middle Miocene}
Erimyzontini Hubbs, 1930: Erimyzon Jordan, 1876; Minytrema Jordan, 1878.
Catostomini (western American suckers) {>10 Ma late Miocene; age 54 Ma}: Catostomus
Lesueur 1817; Chasmistes Jordan, 1878; Deltistes Seale, 1896; Xyrauchen Eigenmann & Kirsch,
1889.
Thoburniini Hubbs, 1930: Hypentelium Rafinesque, 1818; Thoburnia Jordan & Snyder, 1917.
Moxostomatini Bleeker, 1863 (redhorse & jumprock suckers) {age 54 Ma}: Moxostoma
Rafinesque, 1820.
Gyrinocheilidae Gill, 1905 (zuigmodderkruipers / algeneters / Saugschmerlen / Algenfresser / sucking
loaches / algae eaters / gyrinocheilids) {age 152 Ma}: Gyrinocheilus Vaillant, 1902.
Botiidae Berg, 1940 (tropische modderkruipers / Prachtschmerlen / botiines / pointface loaches) {age
143 Ma}
Leptobotiinae Nalbant, 2002 (Oostaziatische prachtmodderkruipers / Ostasiatische Prachtschmerlen
/ Schlankprachtschmerlen / Chinese pointface loaches / diploid botiines) {age 121 Ma}: Leptobotia
Bleeker, 1870; Parabotia Dabry de Thiersant, 1872.
Botiinae (prachtmodderkruipers / Prachtschmerlen / beautiful loaches / tetraploid botiines) {age 121
Ma}: Ambastaia Kottelat, 2012; Botia Gray, 1831; Chromobotia Kottelat, 2004; Sinibotia Fang, 1936;
Syncrossus Blyth, 1860; Yasuhikotakia Nalbant, 2002.
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Vaillantellidae Nalbant & Bănărescu, 1977 (langvinmodderkruipers / Langflossenschmerlen / longfin
loaches) {age 143 Ma}: Vaillantella Fowler, 1905.
Cobitidae Swainson, 1838 (doorngrondels / Schmerlen / Steinbeißer / Dorngrundeln / spined loaches /
bluntface loaches / cobitids) {>23 Ma Miocene / Middle Miocene; age 134 Ma}:
Cobitinae (Euraziatische doorngrondels / noordelijke doorngrondels / Eurasiatische Dorngrundeln /
spined loaches / northern cobitines) {age 106 Ma}: Bibarba Chen & Chen, 2007; Cobitis Linnaeus,
1758; Kichulchoia Kim, Park & Nalbant, 1999; Koreocobitis Kim, Park & Nalbant, 1997; Microcobitis
Bohlen & Harant, 2011; Misgurnus La Cepède, 1803; Niwaella Nalbant, 1963; Paralepidocephalus
Tchang, 1935; Protocobitis Yang & Chen, 1993; Sabanejewia Vladykov, 1929.
“southern cobitines” (Zuidaziatische doorngrondels / Südasiatische Dorngrundeln / southern
cobitines) {age 106 Ma}: Aperioptus Richardson, 1848; Acantopsis van Hasselt, 1823; Canthophrys
Swainson, 1838; Kottelatlimia Nalbant, 1994; Lepidocephalichthys Bleeker, 1863; Lepidocephalus
Bleeker, 1858; Neoeucirrhichthys Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1968; Pangio Blyth, 1860; Theriodes
Kottelat, 2012.
Balitoridae Swainson, 1839 (platte grondels / balitoriden / Karpfenschmerlen / Plattschmerlen / suckerbody hillstream loaches / hillstream and river loaches / balitorids) {age 134 Ma} [subfamilies tentative]
Barbuccinae Kottelat, 2012 (scooter loaches): Barbucca Roberts, 1989.
Gastromyzontinae Fowler, 1905 (zuignapvissen / Flossensauger / Hillstream loaches /
gastromyzontines) [tribes tentative]
Parhomalopterini Chen, 1980: Annamia Hora, 1932; Liniparhomaloptera Fang, 1935;
Parhomaloptera Vaillant, 1902; Plesiomyzon Zheng & Chen, 1980; Yaoshania Yang et al., 2012.
Pseudogastromyzontini Silas, 1953 (vacuümglijders / suckerbelly loaches): Beaufortia Hora,
1932; Erromyzon Kottelat, 2004; Formosania Oshima, 1919; Paraprotomyzon Pellegrin & Fang,
1935; Protomyzon Hora, 1932; Pseudogastromyzon Nichols, 1925; Sewellia Hora, 1932;
Vanmanenia Hora, 1932.
Gastromyzontini (zuignapvissen van Borneo / Borneo-Karpfenschmerlen / Bornean suckerbelly
loaches / gastromyzontins): Gastromyzon Günther, 1874; Glaniopsis Boulenger, 1899;
Hypergastromyzon Roberts, 1989; Katibasia Kottelat, 2004; Neogastromyzon Popta, 1905.
Serpenticobitinae Kottelat, 2012 (slangenmodderkruipers / snake loaches): Serpenticobitis Roberts,
1997.
Balitorinae (steenkruipers / zuigvinvissen / Plattschmerlen / Flossensaugern / balitorines / flat
loaches)
Homalopteroidini Randall & Page 2015: Homalopteroides Fowler, 1905; Homalopterula Fowler,
1940.
Balitorini (lizard loaches): Balitora Gray, 1830; Balitoropsis Smith, 1945; Bhavania Hora, 1920;
Cryptotora Kottelat, 1998; Ghatsa Randall & Page, 2015; Hemimyzon Regan, 1911; Homaloptera
van Hasselt, 1823; Jinshaia Kottelat & Chu, 1988; Lepturichthys Regan, 1911; Metahomaloptera
Chang, 1944; Neohomaloptera Herre, 1944; Pseudohomaloptera Silas, 1953; Sinogastromyzon
Fang, 1930; Travancoria Hora, 1941.
Ellopostomatidae Bohlen & Šlechtová, 2009 (blokhoofdmodderkruipers / Schlürfschnuten /
Nippschmerlen / square-head loaches): Ellopostoma Vaillant, 1902.
Nemacheilidae Regan, 1911 (modderkruipers / Bachschmerlen / brook loaches / stone loaches /
nemacheilids) {>15 Ma Miocene / Middle Miocene; age 124 Ma}
Lefuinae Prokofiev, 2010 {age 103 Ma}: Aborichthys Chaudhuri, 1913; Lefua Herzenstein, 1888;
Oreonectes Günther, 1868.
Yunnanilinae Prokofiev, 2010: Eonemachilus Berg, 1938; Heminoemacheilus Zhu & Cao, 1987;
Micronemacheilus Rendahl, 1944; Paranemachilus Zhu, 1983; Petruichthys Menon, 1987;
Protonemacheilus Yang & Chu, 1990; Traccatichthys Freyhof & Serov, 2001; Yunnanilus Nichols,
1925.
Triplophysinae Prokofiev, 2010 (bermpjes / noordelijke baardgrondels / Nordliche Bachschmerlen /
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Freshwater fish classification
northern stone loaches) {>15 Ma Miocene}: Barbatula Linck, 1790; Hedinichthys Rendahl, 1933;
Indotriplophysa Prokofiev, 2010; Labiatophysa Prokofiev, 2010; Qinghaichthys Zhu, 1981;
Tarimichthys Prokofiev, 2010; Triplophysa Rendahl, 1933.
Nemacheilinae (beekmodderkruipers / zuidelijke baardgrondels / Südliche Bachschmerlen / southern
stone loaches / nemacheilins) {age 103 Ma}: Acanthocobitis Peters, 1861; Afronemacheilus
Golubtsov & Prokofiev, 2009; Claea Kottelat, 2011; Draconectes Kottelat, 2012; Dzihunia Prokofiev,
2001; Homatula Nichols, 1925; Ilamnemacheilus Coad & Nalbant, 2005; Indoreonectes Rita &
Bănărescu, 1978; Iskandaria Prokofiev, 2009; Longischistura Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1995;
Mesonoemacheilus Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1982; Nemacheilus Bleeker, 1863; Nemachilichthys Day,
1878; Neonoemacheilus Zhu & Guo, 1985; Oxynoemacheilus Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1966;
Paracanthocobitis Grant, 2007; Paracobitis Bleeker, 1863; Paraschistura Prokofiev, 2009;
Physoschistura Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1982; Pteronemacheilus Bohlen & Šlechtová, 2011; Schistura
McClelland, 1838; Sectoria Kottelat, 1990; Seminemacheilus Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1995;
Speonectes Kottelat, 2012; Sphaerophysa Cao & Zhu, 1988; Sundoreonectes Kottelat, 1990;
Troglocobitis Parin, 1983; Tuberoschistura Kottelat, 1990; Turcinoemacheilus Bănărescu & Nalbant,
1964.
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superorder: CHARACIPHYSAE (MESVISACHTIGEN, KARPERZALMACHTIGEN EN MEERVALACHTIGEN / MESSERAALARTIGE, SALMLERARTIGE UND WELSARTIGE /
GYMNOTIFORM, CHARACIFORM AND SILURIFORM FISHES) {>112 Ma Albian; age
136-184 Ma}
Gymnotiformes (AMERIKAANSE MESVISACHTIGEN / MESSERAALARTIGE / NEUE WELT MESSERFISCHE /
AMERIKANISCHE MESSERFISCHE / GYMNOTIFORM FISHES) sensu Albert, 2001 {>23 Ma Miocene; age 71-88
Ma}
GYMNOTOIDEI (MESAALVERWANTEN / MESSERAALVERWANDTE / GYMNOTOID FISHES) sensu
Albert, 2001
Gymnotidae Rafinesque, 1815 (mesalen / Messeraale / gymnotid eels / carapos)
Electrophorinae Gill, 1872 (sidderalen / Zitteraale / Elektrische Aale / electric knifefishes / electric
eels): Electrophorus Gill, 1864.
Gymnotinae (naaktrugmesvissen / Echte Messeraale / nakedback knifefishes) {age 56 Ma}:
Gymnotus Linnaeus, 1758.
STERNOPYGOIDEI (GLASMESVISVERWANTEN / GLASMESSERFISCHVERWANDTE / STERNOPYGOID FISHES)
Rhamphichthyoidea (rhamphichthyide eels)
Rhamphichthyidae Regan, 1911
Rhamphichthyinae (langsnavelmesalen / langsnuitmesalen / Langschnabel-Messerfische / sand
knifefishes): Gymnorhamphichthys Ellis, 1912; Iracema Triques, 1996; Rhamphichthys Müller &
Troschel, 1848.
Steatoginae Albert, 2001 (rattenstaartmesvissen / Rattenschwanz-Messerfische / rattail knifefishes):
Hypopygus Hoedeman, 1962; Steatogenys Boulenger, 1898.
Hypopomidae Eigenmann, 1912 (bonte mesalen / kortsnuitmesalen / Kurzschnabel-Messerfische /
bluntnose knifefishes / hypopomid knifefishes)
Hypopominae: Akawaio Maldonado-Ocampo et al., 2013; Brachyhypopomus Mago-Leccia, 1994;
Hypopomus Gill, 1864.
Microsternarchinae Albert, 2001 (electric knifefishes): Microsternarchus Fernández-Yépez, 1968;
Procerusternarchus Cox Fernandes, Nogueira & Alves-Gomes, 2014; Racenisia Mago-Leccia, 1994.
Sternopygoidea (Amerikaanse mesalen / sternopygide eels)
Sternopygidae Cope, 1871 (glasmesvissen / glasmesalen / Glasmesserfische / glass knifefishes) {>11
Ma late Miocene; age 143 Ma}
Sternopyginae (stompkopmesalen): Sternopygus Müller & Troschel, 1848.
Eigenmanninae Mago-Leccia, 1978 (glasmesalen): Archolaemus Korringa, 1970; Distocyclus MagoLeccia, 1978; Eigenmannia Jordan & Evermann, 1896; Rabdolichops Eigenmann & Allen, 1942.
Apteronotidae Jordan, 1923 (koevissen / staartvinmesalen / Schwanzflossen-Messeraale /
Apteronotiden / ghost knifefishes) {age 143 Ma}
Sternarchorhamphinae Albert, 2001: Orthosternarchus Ellis, 1913; Sternarchorhamphus
Eigenmann, 1905.
Apteronotinae (zeekoevissen / Seekuhfische / Seekuhaale) [tribes tentative]
Adontosternarchini Mago-Leccia, 1978: Adontosternarchus Ellis, 1912.
Apteronotini: Apteronotus La Cepède, 1800; Parapteronotus Albert, 2001.
Sternarchorhynchini Mago-Leccia, 1978 (tapirmesvissen / Schnabel-Messeraale / trunk
knifefishes): Platyurosternarchus Mago-Leccia, 1994; Sternarchorhynchus Castelnau, 1855.
Sternarchellini Albert, 2001: Compsaraia Albert, 2001; Pariosternarchus Albert & Crampton,
2006; Porotergus Ellis, 1912; Sternarchella Eigenmann, 1905; Sternarchogiton Eigenmann, 1905;
Tembeassu Triques, 1998.
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Freshwater fish classification
Characiformes (KARPERZALMACHTIGEN / SALMLERARTIGE / CHARACIFORM FISHES) sensu Oliveira et
al., 2011 {>100 Ma Cenomanian; age 100-108 Ma}
CITHARINOIDEI (PRIMITIEVE KARPERZALMACHTIGEN / GERADSALMLERVERWANDTE / CITHARINOID FISHES)
{>45
Ma Eocene; age 90 Ma}
Distichodontidae Günther, 1864 (Afrikaanse karperzalmen en snavelzalmen / hoogrugzalmen /
Karpfen- und Schnabelsalmler / distichodontids) {>5 Ma late Miocene; age 67 Ma}: Belonophago Giltay,
1929; Distichodus Müller & Troschel, 1844; Eugnathichthys Boulenger, 1898; Hemistichodus Pellegrin,
1900; Ichthyborus Günther, 1864; Mesoborus Pellegrin, 1900; Microstomatichthyoborus Nichols &
Griscom, 1917; Nannaethiops Günther, 1872; Nannocharax Günther, 1867; Paradistichodus Pellegrin,
1922; Paraphago Boulenger, 1899; Phago Günther, 1865; Xenocharax Günther, 1867.
Citharinidae Günther, 1864 (ruitzalmen / Geradsalmler / citharinids) {>1 Ma Early Pleistocene} [= ?
Distichodontidae]: Citharidium Boulenger, 1902; Citharinops Daget, 1962; Citharinus Cuvier, 1816.
CHARACOIDEI (KARPERZALMVERWANTEN / SALMLERVERWANDTE / CHARACOID FISHES) {age
93-113 Ma}
[superfamilies tentative]
Crenuchoidea
Crenuchidae Günther, 1864 (grondzalmen / crenuchids)
Crenuchinae (prachtzalmen / bronzalmen / Segelflossensalmler / Prachtsalmler / crenuchines):
Crenuchus Günther, 1863; Poecilocharax Eigenmann, 1909.
Characidiinae Fowler, 1932 (bodemzalmen / grondzalmen / Grundsalmler / Bodensalmler /
Zwergpfeilsalmler / South American darters): Ammocryptocharax Weitzman & Kanazawa, 1976;
Characidium Reinhardt, 1867; Elachocharax Myers, 1927; Geryichthys Zarske, 1997; Klausewitzia
Géry, 1965; Leptocharacidium Buckup, 1993; Melanocharacidium Buckup, 1993; Microcharacidium
Buckup, 1993; Odontocharacidium Buckup, 1993; Skiotocharax Presswell, Weitzman & Bergquist,
2000.
Erythrinoidea
Alestidae Cockerell, 1910 (Afrikaanse karperzalmen / zwermzalmen / Schwarmsalmler / Echte
Afrikanische Salmler / African characins / alestids) {>56 Ma Early Eocene / Ypresian; age 54 Ma}
[subfamilies tentative]:
“Brycinus clade” (grote Afrikaanse karperzalmen / große Afrikanische Salmler / large-bodied African
tetras): Brycinus Valenciennes, 1850.
Bryconaethiopinae Hoedeman, 1951: Brachyalestes Günther, 1864; Bryconaethiops Günther,
1873.
Petersiinae Poll, 1967 (Afrikaanse tetras / Congo-zalmen / Kongosalmler / African tetras)
[Clupeocharacinae Pellegrin, 1926 / Alestopetersiinae Hoedeman, 1951 forgotten names]:
Alestopetersius Hoedeman, 1951; Bathyaethiops Fowler, 1949; Clupeocharax Pellegrin, 1926;
Nannopetersius Hoedeman, 1956; Petersius Hilgendorf, 1894; Phenacogrammus Eigenmann, 1907;
Tricuspidalestes Poll, 1967.
Alestinae: Alestes Müller & Troschel, 1844; Bryconalestes Hoedeman, 1951; Hydrocynus Cuvier,
1816; Ladigesia Géry, 1968; Micralestes Boulenger, 1899; Rhabdalestes Hoedeman, 1951.
Hepsetidae Hubbs, 1939 (Afrikaanse snoekzalmen / Afrikanische Hechtsalmler / African pike characids /
African pikes / hepsetids) {>71 Ma Maastrichtian; age 72 Ma}: Hepsetus Swainson, 1838.
Erythrinidae Valenciennes, 1847 (forelzalmen / Forellensalmler / Raubsalmler / Tigersalmler / trahiras /
wolf fishes) {>23 Ma Early Miocene; age 61 Ma}: Erythrinus Scopoli, 1777; Hoplerythrinus Gill, 1896;
Hoplias Gill, 1903.
Parodontoidea
Parodontidae Eigenmann, 1910 (rotszalmen / Felsensalmler / Algensalmler / darter tetra’s /
parodontids) {>23 Ma Early Miocene}: Apareiodon Eigenmann, 1916; Parodon Valenciennes, 1850;
Saccodon Kner, 1863.
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Cynodontidae Eigenmann, 1903 (zabeltandzalmen / Säbelzahnsalmler / Bandsalmler / sabertoothed
characids / cynodontids / wolf tetras) {>14 Ma Middle Miocene}: Cynodon Spix, 1829; Hydrolycus Müller
& Troschel, 1844; Rhaphiodon Agassiz, 1829.
Chilodontidae Eigenmann, 1903 (zilverkopstaanders / Silberkopfsteher / headstanders / chilodontids):
Caenotropus Günther, 1864; Chilodus Müller & Troschel, 1844.
Anostomidae Günther, 1864 (anostomiden / kopstaanders / Engmaulsalmler / Kopfsteher / toothed
headstanders / headstanders / anostomids) {>23 Ma Early Miocene}: Abramites Fowler, 1906;
Anostomoides Pellegrin, 1908; Anostomus Scopoli, 1777; Gnathodolus Myers, 1927; Hypomasticus
Borodin, 1929; Laemolyta Cope, 1872; Leporellus Lütken, 1875; Leporinus Agassiz, 1829; Petulanos
Sidlauskas & Vari, 2008; Pseudanos Winterbottom, 1980; Rhytiodus Kner, 1858; Sartor Myers &
Carvalho, 1959; Schizodon Agassiz, 1829; Synaptolaemus Myers & Fernández-Yépez, 1950.
Prochilodontidae Eigenmann, 1909 (bocachico’s / nachtzalmen / Nachtsalmler / flannelmouth
characiforms / prochilodontids) {>12 Ma Middle Miocene}: Ichthyoelephas Posada Arango, 1909;
Prochilodus Agassiz, 1829; Semaprochilodus Fowler, 1941.
Curimatidae Gill, 1858 (barbeelzalmen / brede zalmen / Breitlingssalmler / Barbensalmler / toothless
characiforms / curimatids): Curimata Bosc, 1817; Curimatella Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889;
Curimatopsis Steindachner, 1876; Cyphocharax Fowler, 1906; Potamorhina Cope, 1878; Psectrogaster
Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889; Pseudocurimata Fernández-Yépez, 1948; Steindachnerina Fowler,
1906.
Serrasalmidae Bleeker, 1859 (schijf- en zaagbuikzalmen / Scheiben- und Sägesalmler / serrasalmids /
piranhas and allies) {>66 Ma Danian / late Cretaceous; age 68 Ma}: Acnodon Eigenmann, 1903;
Catoprion Müller & Troschel, 1844; Colossoma Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903; Metynnis Cope, 1878;
Mylesinus Valenciennes, 1850; Myleus Müller & Troschel, 1844; Myloplus Gill, 1896; Mylossoma
Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903; Ossubtus Jégu, 1992; Paramyloplus Norman, 1929; Piaractus
Eigenmann, 1903; Pristobrycon Eigenmann, 1915; Prosomyleus Géry, 1972; Pygocentrus Müller &
Troschel, 1844; Pygopristis Müller & Troschel, 1844; Serrasalmus La Cepède, 1803; Tometes
Valenciennes, 1850; Utiaritichthys Miranda Ribeiro, 1937.
Hemiodontidae Bleeker, 1859 (zilverzalmen / tandarme zalmkarpers / penseelvissen / Halbzähner /
Keulensalmler / hemiodontids)
Anodontinae Bleeker, 1859 (lange zalmen / Langsalmler / anodontines): Anodus Cuvier, 1829;
Micromischodus Roberts, 1971.
Hemiodontinae (slanke zalmen / Schlanksalmler / hemiodontines)
Hemiodontini (hemiodontins): Hemiodus Müller, 1842.
Bivibranchiini Eigenmann, 1912 (graafzalmen / Grabsalmler / Gründelsalmler / sandsuckers):
Argonectes Böhlke & Myers, 1956; Bivibranchia Eigenmann, 1912.
Characoidea (characides)
Ctenoluciidae Schultz, 1944 (snoekzalmen / Hechtsalmler / pike-characids) {>71 Ma Maastrichtian}:
Arnoldichthys Myers, 1926; Boulengerella Eigenmann, 1903; Ctenolucius Gill, 1861.
Lebiasinidae Gill, 1889 (spatzalmachtigen / Schlanksalmler / lebiasinids) {>71 Ma Maastrichtian}
Lebiasininae (leverzalmen / Zwergraubsalmler / lebiasinas): Lebiasina Valenciennes, 1847.
Pyrrhulininae Bleeker, 1859
“Derhamia clade”: Derhamia Géry & Zarske, 2002.
Pyrrhulinini
Pyrrhulinina (spatzalmen / Spritzsalmler / splashing tetra’s): Copeina Fowler, 1906; Copella
Myers, 1956; Pyrrhulina Valenciennes, 1846.
Nannostomina Eigenmann, 1909 (spitsbekzalmpjes / potloodzalmpjes / Bleistiftfische /
pencilfishes): Nannostomus Günther, 1872.
Chalceidae Fowler, 1958 (grootschubkarperzalmen / chalceids): Chalceus Cuvier, 1818; Lepidarchus
Roberts, 1966.
Triportheidae Fowler, 1940 {age 44 Ma}
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Freshwater fish classification
Triportheinae (gekielde karperzalmen / keeled characids) {age 27 Ma}: Lignobrycon Eigenmann &
Myers, 1929; Triportheus Cope, 1872.
Agoniatinae Bleeker, 1859 (haringzalmen / ansjoviszalmen / Heringssalmler / Anchovissalmler /
agoniatines) {age 26 Ma}: Agoniates Müller & Troschel, 1845; Clupeacharax Pearson, 1924;
Engraulisoma Castro, 1981.
Gasteropelecidae Bleeker, 1859 (bijlzalmen / Beilbauchfische / freshwater hatchetfishes) {age 44 Ma}:
Carnegiella Eigenmann, 1909; Gasteropelecus Scopoli, 1777; Thoracocharax Fowler, 1907.
Bryconidae Eigenmann, 1912 (Lachssalmler / bryconids) {>33 Ma late Oligocene; age 47 Ma}: Brycon
Müller & Troschel, 1844; Chilobrycon Géry & de Rham, 1981; Salminus Agassiz, 1829.
Iguanodectidae Eigenmann, 1909 (slanke karperzalmen / Iguanodectinen / iguanodectids): Bryconops
Kner, 1858; Iguanodectes Cope, 1872; Piabucus Oken, 1817.
Acestrorhynchidae Eigenmann, 1912 (roofzalmen / Raubsalmler / pike characids / acestrorhynchids)
Acestrorhynchinae (barracudazalmen / Barrakuda-salmler / Spindelsalmler / pike characids /
acestrorhynchines) {>14 Ma Middle Miocene; age 41 Ma}: Acestrorhynchus Eigenmann & Kennedy,
1903.
Heterocharacinae Géry, 1966: Gnathocharax Fowler, 1913; Heterocharax Eigenmann, 1912;
Hoplocharax Géry, 1966; Lonchogenys Myers, 1927; Priocharax Weitzman & Vari, 1987.
Roestinae Lucena & Menezes, 1998 (wolfzalmen / Wolfsalmler / biting tetras): Gilbertolus
Eigenmann, 1907; Roestes Günther, 1864.
Characidae Latreille, 1825 (karperzalmfamilie / Echte Amerikanische Salmler / characids) {>38 Ma
Oligocene; age 56 Ma} [subfamilies and tribes tentative]
“Spintherobolus clade”: Amazonspinther Bührnheim, Carvalho, Malabarba & Weitzman, 2008;
Spintherobolus Eigenmann, 1911.
Stethaprioninae Eigenmann, 1907 (stekelzalmen / “Tetragonopterinae”)
Rhoadsiini Fowler, 1911 (broedverzorgende zalmen / Brutpflegende Salmler / rhoadsins):
Astyanacinus Eigenmann, 1907; Astyanax Baird & Girard, 1854; Carlana Strand, 1928;
Ctenobrycon Eigenmann, 1908; Inpaichthys Géry & Junk 1977; Nematobrycon Eigenmann, 1911;
Oligosarcus Günther, 1864; Parastremma Eigenmann, 1912; Psellogrammus Eigenmann, 1908;
Rhoadsia Fowler, 1911.
Stygichthyini Géry, 1972: Coptobrycon Géry, 1966; Deuterodon Eigenmann, 1907;
Erythrocharax Netto-Ferreira et al., 2013; Jupiaba Zanata, 1997; Macropsobrycon Eigenmann,
1915; Myxiops Zanata & Akama, 2004; Parecbasis Eigenmann, 1914; Probolodus Eigenmann,
1911; Stygichthys Brittan & Böhlke, 1965.
Pristellini Géry & Boutière, 1964 (tetra’s / minizalmpjes / Tetras / Blanksalmler / American tetras):
Aphyodite Eigenmann, 1912; Axelrodia Géry, 1965; Brittanichthys Géry, 1965; Bryconella Géry,
1965; Hasemania Ellis, 1911; Hemigrammus Gill, 1858; Hyphessobrycon Durbin, 1908;
Moenkhausia Eigenmann, 1903; Nematocharax Weitzman; Menezes & Britski, 1986;
Paracheirodon Géry, 1960; Parapristella Géry, 1964; Petitella Géry & Boutière, 1964; Pristella
Eigenmann, 1908; Thayeria Eigenmann, 1908.
Stethaprionini (discuszalmen / stekelzalmen / Stachelsalmler / silver dollar tetras /
stethaprionines): Brachychalcinus Boulenger, 1892; Gymnocorymbus Eigenmann, 1908;
Orthospinus Reis, 1989; Poptella Eigenmann, 1908; Stethaprion Cope, 1870; Stichonodon
Eigenmann, 1903.
Gymnocharacini Eigenmann, 1909 (wisselzalmen / Wechselsalmler / “Tetragonopterinae”): Bario
Myers, 1940; Dectobrycon Zarske & Géry, 2006; Ectrepopterus Fowler, 1943; Grundulus
Valenciennes, 1846; Gymnocharacinus Steindachner, 1903; Gymnotichthys Fernández-Yépez,
1950; Hollandichthys Eigenmann, 1910; Pseudochalceus Kner, 1863; Rachoviscus Myers, 1926;
Schultzites Géry, 1964.
Scissorini Fowler, 1958 [most genera incertae sedis]: Atopomesus Myers, 1927; Genycharax
Eigenmann, 1912; Leptobrycon Eigenmann, 1915; Microschemobrycon Eigenmann, 1915;
Mixobrycon Eigenmann, 1915; Oligobrycon Eigenmann, 1915; Oxybrycon Géry, 1964; Scissor
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Günther, 1864; Serrabrycon Vari, 1986; Thrissobrycon Böhlke, 1953; Tucanoichthys Géry &
Römer, 1997; Tyttobrycon Géry, 1973.
Characinae (characines) {>23 Ma Early Miocene}:
Exodontini Fowler, 1958: Bryconexodon Géry, 1980; Exodon Müller & Troschel, 1844;
Roeboexodon Géry, 1959.
Tetragonopterini Gill, 1858 (tetragonopterins): Tetragonopterus Cuvier, 1816.
Characini (echte karperzalmen / Fluß-Schakalen / characins)
Characina: Charax Scopoli, 1777; Roeboides Günther, 1864.
Cynopotamina Cockerell, 1915: Acanthocharax Eigenmann, 1912; Acestrocephalus
Eigenmann, 1910; Cynopotamus Valenciennes, 1850; Galeocharax Fowler, 1910.
Phenacogasterina Mattox & Toledo-Piza, 2012: Phenacogaster Eigenmann, 1907.
Aphyocharacini Eigenmann, 1909 (slanke zalmpjes / glaszalmpjes / Aphyocharacinen / glass
characins / aphyocharacins): Aphyocharacidium Géry, 1960; Aphyocharax Günther, 1868;
Leptagoniates Boulenger, 1887; Paragoniates Steindachner, 1876; Phenagoniates Eigenmann &
Wilson, 1914; Prionobrama Fowler, 1913; Xenagoniates Myers, 1942.
Pseudocheirodontini Mariguela et al., 2013 (trans-Andean cheirodontins): Nanocheirodon
Malabarba, 1998; Pseudocheirodon Meek & Hildebrand, 1916.
Cheirodontini Eigenmann, 1915 (cheirodontins): Cheirodon Girard, 1855; Heterocheirodon
Malabarba, 1998; Prodontocharax Eigenmann & Pearson, 1924; Saccoderma Schultz, 1944.
Compsurini Malabarba, Weitzman & Burns, 1998 (internbevruchtende zalmpjes / inseminating
cheirodontins / compsurins / small tetras): Acinocheirodon Malabarba & Weitzman, 1999;
Compsura Eigenmann, 1915; Ctenocheirodon Malabarba & Jerep, 2012; Holoshesthes
Eigenmann, 1903; Kolpotocheirodon Malabarba & Weitzman, 2000; Odontostilbe Cope, 1870;
Serrapinnus Malabarba, 1998.
Stevardiinae Gill, 1858 (stevardiines)
Eretmobryconini Thomaz, Arcila, Ortí & Malabarba, 2015: Eretmobrycon Fink, 1976; Markiana
Eigenmann, 1903.
Xenurobryconini Myers & Böhlke, 1956 (xenurobryconins): Iotabrycon Roberts, 1973;
Ptychocharax Weitzman, Fink, Machado-Allison & Royero, 1994; Scopaeocharax Weitzman &
Fink, 1985; Tyttocharax Fowler, 1913; Xenurobrycon Myers & Miranda Ribeiro, 1945.
“Argopleura clade”: Argopleura Eigenmann, 1913.
Glandulocaudini Eigenmann, 1914 (breedstaartzalmen / glandulocaudines) {age 2.5 Ma}:
Glandulocauda Eigenmann, 1911; Lophiobrycon Castro, Ribeiro, Benine & Melo, 2003;
Mimagoniates Regan, 1907.
Stevardiini (klierstaartzalmkarpers / Drüsensalmler / corynopomins): Chrysobrycon Weitzman &
Menezes, 1998; Corynopoma Gill, 1858; Gephyrocharax Eigenmann, 1912; Hysteronotus
Eigenmann, 1911; Pseudocorynopoma Perugia, 1891; Pterobrycon Eigenmann, 1913.
Hemibryconini Géry, 1966 (hemibryconins): Acrobrycon Eigenmann & Pearson, 1924;
Hemibrycon Günther, 1864.
Creagrutini Miles, 1943 (creagrutins): Carlastyanax Géry, 1972; Creagrutus Günther, 1864.
Diapomini Eigenmann, 1909: Attonitus Vari & Ortega, 2000; Aulixidens Böhlke, 1952;
Bryconacidnus Myers, 1929; Bryconamericus Eigenmann, 1907; Caiapobrycon Malabarba & Vari,
2000; Ceratobranchia Eigenmann, 1914; Cyanogaster Mattox et al., 2013; Diapoma Cope, 1894;
Knodus Eigenmann, 1911; Lepidocharax Ferreira, Menezes & Quagio-Grassiotto, 2011;
Microgenys Eigenmann, 1913; Monotocheirodon Eigenmann & Pearson, 1924; Othonocheirodus
Myers, 1927; Phallobrycon Menezes, Ferreira & Netto-Ferreira, 2009; Piabarchus Myers, 1928;
Piabina Reinhardt, 1867; Planaltina Böhlke, 1954; Rhinobrycon Myers, 1944; Rhinopetitia Géry,
1964.
Landonini Weitzman & Menezes, 1998 (caudal sac characins): Landonia Eigenmann & Henn,
1914.
Phenacobryconini Weitzman & Menezes, 1998: Phenacobrycon Eigenmann, 1922.
Trochilocharacini Zarske, 2010: Trochilocharax Zarske, 2010.
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Freshwater fish classification
Siluriformes (MEERVALACHTIGEN / WELSARTIGE / SILURIFORM FISHES) sensu Greenwood et al., 1966
{>84 Ma Campanian; age 97-117 Ma}
LORICARIOIDEI (LORICARIOID FISHES) sensu
Sullivan, Lundberg & Hardman, 2006 {>58 Ma late Paleocene}
Trichomycteridae Bleeker, 1858 (minimeervallen / Schmerlenwelse / pencil catfishes)
Copionodontinae de Pinna, 1992: Copionodon de Pinna, 1992; Glaphyropoma de Pinna, 1992.
Trichogeninae Isbrücker, 1986: Trichogenes Britski & Ortega, 1983.
Trichomycterinae {>5 Ma Pliocene}: Bullockia Arratia, Chang, Menu-Marque & Rojas, 1978;
Eremophilus Humboldt, 1805; Hatcheria Eigenmann, 1909; Ituglanis Costa & Bockmann, 1993;
Rhizosomichthys Miles, 1943; Scleronema Eigenmann, 1918; Silvinichthys Arratia, 1998;
Trichomycterus Valenciennes, 1832.
Glanapteryginae Myers, 1944: Glanapteryx Myers, 1927; Listrura de Pinna, 1988; Pygidianops
Myers, 1944; Typhlobelus Myers, 1944.
Sarcoglanidinae Myers & Weitzman, 1966 (zandmeervalletjes / psammophilous catfishes):
Ammoglanis Costa 1994; Malacoglanis Myers & Weitzman, 1966; Microcambeva Costa & Bockmann,
1994; Sarcoglanis Myers & Weitzman, 1966; Stauroglanis de Pinna, 1989; Stenolicmus de Pinna &
Starnes, 1990.
Tridentinae Eigenmann, 1918: Miuroglanis Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889; Tridens Eigenmann &
Eigenmann, 1889; Tridensimilis Schultz, 1944; Tridentopsis Myers, 1925.
Stegophilinae Günther, 1864 (parasiterende meervallen / Schmarotzerwelse / parasitic catfishes):
Acanthopoma Lütken, 1892; Apomatoceros Eigenmann, 1922; Haemomaster Myers, 1927;
Henonemus Eigenmann & Ward, 1907; Homodiaetus Eigenmann & Ward, 1907; Megalocentor de
Pinna & Britski, 1991; Ochmacanthus Eigenmann, 1912; Pareiodon Kner, 1855; Pseudostegophilus
Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889; Schultzichthys Dahl, 1960; Stegophilus Reinhardt, 1859.
Vandelliinae Bleeker, 1862 (bloeddrinkende meervallen / candirus / vandelliines / hematophagous
catfishes): Paracanthopoma Giltay, 1935; Paravandellia Miranda Ribeiro, 1912; Plectrochilus
Miranda Ribeiro, 1917; Vandellia Valenciennes, 1846.
Nematogenyidae Bleeker, 1862 (wormmeervallen / Wurmwelse / mountain catfishes / nematogenyid
catfishes / worm catfishes) {>23 Ma Miocene}: Nematogenys Girard, 1855.
Callichthyidae Bonaparte, 1835 (pantsermeervallen / Schwielenwelse / Panzerwelse / callichthyid
armored catfishes) {>59 Ma late Paleocene / Thanetian; age 67 Ma}
Callichthyinae (kwi-kwi’s / Schwielenwelse / callichthyines) {age 59-64 Ma}
Callichthyini: Callichthys Scopoli, 1777; Lepthoplosternum Reis, 1997; Megalechis Reis, 1997.
Dianemini Hoedeman, 1952: Dianema Cope, 1871; Hoplosternum Gill, 1858.
Corydoradinae Hoedeman, 1952 (stofzuigmeervallen / Panzerwelse / corys) {>23 Ma Miocene; age
59-64 Ma}
Corydoradini (zadelsnuitpantsermeervallen / spitskoppantsermeervallen / Sattelschnauzpanzerwelse / Spitzkopfpanzerwelse / saddle-snout corys) {age 30 Ma}: Corydoras La Cepède,
1803.
Aspidoradini Hoedeman, 1952 (corydorasjes) {age 30 Ma}: Aspidoras Ihering, 1907;
Gastrodermus Cope, 1878; Hoplisoma Swainson, 1838; Scleromystax Günther, 1868.
Scoloplacidae Bailey & Baskin, 1976 (dwergdoornmeervallen / Zwergdornwelse / spiny dwarf
catfishes): Scoloplax Bailey & Baskin, 1976.
Astroblepidae Bleeker, 1862 (bergmeervallen / Andenwelse / climbing catfishes / Andes catfishes):
Astroblepus Humboldt, 1805.
Loricariidae Rafinesque, 1815 (harnasmeervallen / Harnischwelse / suckermouth armored catfishes /
mailed catfishes) {>38 Ma late Eocene / late Oligocene; age 85–90 Ma}
Lithogeninae Gosline, 1947 (rotsmeervallen / klimmende harnasmeervallen / Felsenwelse / climbing
armored catfishes): Lithogenes Eigenmann, 1909.
Delturinae Armbruster, Reis & Pereira, 2006 (primitieve harnasmeervallen / Primitivsaugwelse /
primitive suckermouth catfishes): Delturus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889; Hemipsilichthys
Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889; Upsilodus Miranda Ribeiro, 1924.
Rhinelepinae Armbruster 2004: Pogonopoma Regan, 1904; Pseudorinelepis Bleeker, 1862;
Rhinelepis Agassiz, 1829.
Loricariinae (Hexenwelse / loricariines)
Harttiini Boeseman, 1971 (combtoothed loricariines): Cteniloricaria Isbrücker & Nijssen 1979;
Harttia Steindachner, 1876; Harttiella Boeseman, 1971.
Loricariini (zweepstaartharnasmeervallen / Fadenharnischwelse / loricariins)
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Farlowellina Fowler, 1958 (steurharnasmeervallen / Störharnischwelse / sturgeon loricariines /
stickcatfishes): Aposturisoma Isbrücker, Britski, Nijssen & Ortega, 1983; Farlowella Eigenmann
& Eigenmann, 1889; Lamontichthys Miranda Ribeiro, 1939; Pterosturisoma Isbrücker & Nijssen,
1978; Sturisoma Swainson, 1838; Sturisomatichthys Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1979.
Loricariina (zweepstaartharnasmeervallen / Fadenharnischwelse / loricariins): Brochiloricaria
Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1979; Crossoloricaria Isbrücker, 1979; Dasyloricaria Isbrücker & Nijssen,
1979; Dentectus Martín Salazar, Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1982; Fonchiiloricaria Rodriguez, Ortega
& Covain, 2011; Furcodontichthys Rapp Py-Daniel, 1981; Hemiodontichthys Bleeker, 1862;
Limatulichthys Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1979; Loricaria Linnaeus, 1758; Loricariichthys Bleeker,
1862; Metaloricaria Isbrücker, 1975; Paraloricaria Isbrücker, 1979; Planiloricaria Isbrücker,
1971; Proloricaria Isbrücker, 2001; Pseudohemiodon Bleeker, 1862; Pseudoloricaria Bleeker,
1862; Pyxiloricaria Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1984; Reganella Eigenmann, 1905; Rhadinoloricaria
Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1974; Ricola Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1978; Rineloricaria Bleeker, 1862;
Spatuloricaria Schultz, 1944.
Hypoptopomatinae Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1890 (oorzeefmeervallen / Ohrgitterharnischwelse /
Ohrgitterwelse / cascudinhos) {age 50 Ma}: Chauliocheilos Martins et al., 2014; Gymnotocinclus
Carvalho, Lehmann A. & Reis, 2008; Plesioptopoma Reis, Pereira & Lehmann A., 2012; Rhinolekos
Martins & Langeani, 2011.
Hypoptopomatini: Acestridium Haseman, 1911; Hypoptopoma Günther, 1868; Niobichthys
Schaefer & Provenzano, 1998; Otocinclus Cope, 1871; Oxyropsis Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889.
Neoplecostominae Regan, 1904 (neoplecostomines) {age 37–46 Ma}: Hirtella Pereira et al., 2014;
Isbrueckerichthys Derijst, 1996; Kronichthys Miranda Ribeiro, 1908; Neoplecostomus Eigenmann &
Eigenmann, 1888; Pareiorhaphis Miranda Ribeiro, 1918; Pareiorhina Gosline, 1947; Pseudotocinclus
Nichols, 1919.
Otothyrinae Schaefer, 1991 {age 46 Ma}: Corumbataia Britski, 1997; Curculionichthys Roxo et al.,
2015; Epactionotus Reis & Schaefer, 1998; Eurycheilichthys Reis & Schaefer, 1993; Hisonotus
Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889; Lampiella Isbrücker, 2001; Microlepidogaster Eigenmann &
Eigenmann, 1889; Nannoplecostomus Ribeiro, Lima & Pereira, 2012; Otothyris Myers, 1927;
Otothyropsis Ribeiro, Carvalho & Melo, 2005; Parotocinclus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889;
Pseudotothyris Britski & Garavello, 1984; Schizolecis Britski & Garavello, 1984.
Hypostominae Kner, 1853 (zuigmeervallen / Saugmaulharnischwelse / suckermouth catfishes)
Clade “Chaetostoma”: Andeancistrus Lujan, Meza-Vargas & Barriga-Salazar, 2015; Chaetostoma
Tschudi, 1846; Cordylancistrus Isbrücker, 1980; Dolichancistrus Isbrücker, 1980; Leptoancistrus
Meek & Hildebrand, 1916; Transancistrus Lujan, Meza-Vargas & Barriga-Salazar, 2015.
Ancistrini Kner, 1854 (clownzuigmeervallen / Ancistrinen): Ancistrus Kner, 1854; Corymbophanes
Eigenmann, 1909; Dekeyseria Rapp Py-Daniel, 1985; Guyanancistrus Isbrücker, 2001;
Hopliancistrus Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1989; Lasiancistrus Regan, 1904; Lithoxancistrus Isbrücker,
Nijssen & Cala, 1988; Neblinichthys Ferraris, Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1986; Paulasquama Armbruster
& Taphorn, 2011; Pseudolithoxus Isbrücker & Werner, 2001; Soromonichthys Lujan & Armbruster,
2011.
Clade “Pseudancistrus”: Pseudancistrus Bleeker, 1862.
Clade “Lithoxus”: Exastilithoxus Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1979; Lithoxus Eigenmann, 1910.
Clade “Acanthicus”: Acanthicus Agassiz, 1829; Leporacanthicus Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1989;
Megalancistrus Isbrücker, 1980; Pseudacanthicus Bleeker, 1862.
Clade “Hemiancistrus”: Baryancistrus Rapp Py-Daniel, 1989; Hemiancistrus Bleeker, 1862;
Panaqolus Isbrücker & Schraml, 2001; Panaque Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889; Parancistrus
Bleeker, 1862; Spectracanthicus Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1987.
Hypostomini: Hypostomus La Cepède, 1803; Pterygoplichthys Gill, 1858.
Clade “Peckoltia”: Ancistomus Isbrücker & Seidel, 2001; Aphanotorulus Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1983;
Etsaputu Lujan, Armbruster & Rengifo, 2011; Hypancistrus Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1991;
Isorineloricaria Isbrücker, 2000; Micracanthicus Lujan & Armbruster, 2011; Peckoltia Miranda
Ribeiro, 1912; Scobinancistrus Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1989.
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Freshwater fish classification
sensu Sullivan, Lundberg & Hardman 2006
Diplomystidae Eigenmann, 1890 (primitieve meervallen / oermeervallen / Primitivwelse / diplomystid
catfishes / Patagonian catfishes / velvet catfishes) {>84 Ma Campanian}: Diplomystes Bleeker, 1858.
DIPLOMYSTOIDEI
SILUROIDEI (SILUROID FISHES)
sensu Sullivan, Lundberg & Hardman, 2006 {>84 Ma Campanian; age 75-
86 Ma}
Cetopsoidea
Cetopsidae Bleeker, 1858 (cetopsids)
Helogeninae Regan, 1911 (Fähnchenwelse / helogeneid catfishes / marbled catfishes): Helogenes
Günther, 1863.
Cetopsinae (walvismeervallen / whalelike catfishes / cetopsines):
Cetopsidiini de Pinna, Ferraris & Vari, 2007: Cetopsidium Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005.
Denticetopsini de Pinna, Ferraris & Vari, 2007: Denticetopsis Ferraris, 1996.
Cetopsini: Cetopsis Agassiz, 1829; Paracetopsis Bleeker, 1862.
Plotosidae Bleeker, 1858 (puntstaartmeervallen / palingstaartmeervallen / Aalschwanzwelse /
Spitzschwanzwelse / eeltail catfishes / tandans / catfish eels) [this family includes not listed marine
genera]: Anodontiglanis Rendahl, 1922; Cnidoglanis Günther, 1864; Euristhmus Ogilby, 1899;
Neosiluroides Allen & Feinberg, 1998; Neosilurus Steindachner, 1867; Oloplotosus Weber, 1913;
Paraplotosus Bleeker, 1863; Plotosus La Cepède, 1803; Porochilus Weber, 1913; Tandanus Mitchell,
1838.
Chacidae Bleeker, 1858 (grootbekmeervallen / Großkopfwelse / Großmaulwelse / squarehead catfishes
/ frogmouth catfishes): Chaca Gray, 1831.
Bagroidea
Lacantuniidae Rodiles-Hernández, Hendrickson & Lundberg, 2005 (Chiapas meervallen / Chiapas
Welse / Chiapas catfishes) {age 81-83 Ma}: Lacantunia Rodiles-Hernández, Hendrickson & Lundberg,
2005.
Bagridae Bleeker, 1858 (stekelmeervallen / Stachelwelse / Bagriden / bagrid catfishes) {>56 Ma Early
Eocene; age 59 Ma}
Bagrinae: Bagrichthys Bleeker, 1857; Bagroides Bleeker, 1851; Bagrus Bosc, 1816; Batasio Blyth,
1860; Hemibagrus Bleeker, 1862; Hemileiocassis Ng & Lim, 2000; Hyalobagrus Ng & Kottelat, 1998;
Leiocassis Bleeker, 1857; Mystus Scopoli, 1777; Nanobagrus Mo, 1991; Olyra McClelland, 1842;
Pseudomystus Jayaram, 1968; Sperata Holly, 1939; Sundolyra Ng et al., 2015; Tachysurus La
Cepède, 1803.
Ritinae Bleeker, 1862 [or as a family ?]: Rita Bleeker, 1853.
Horabagridae Jayaram, 2006 (Aziatische stekelmeervallen / Asiatische Stachelwelse / imperial
catfishes / Asian schilbids): Horabagrus Jarayam, 1955; Pachypterus Swainson, 1838; Platytropius
Hora, 1937; Pseudeutropius Bleeker, 1862.
Ailiidae Bleeker, 1858 (Aziatische glasmeervallen / Asiatische Glaswelse / Asian schilbeids): Ailia Gray,
1830; Clupisoma Swainson, 1838; Eutropiichthys Bleeker, 1862; Laides Jordan, 1919; Proeutropiichthys
Hora, 1937; Silonia Swainson, 1838.
Sisoroidea (sisorides)
Akysidae Gill, 1861 (beekmeervallen / Strömungswelse / stream catfishes / Asian banjo catfishes /
warty catfishes)
Akysinae: Akysis Bleeker, 1858; Pseudobagarius Ferraris, 2007.
Parakysinae Roberts, 1989 (wrattenmeervallen / Warzenwelse / parakysid catfishes / pustulous
catfishes)
Parakysini: Parakysis Herre, 1940.
Acrochordonichthyini de Pinna, 1996: Acrochordonichthys Bleeker, 1857; Breitensteinia
Steindachner, 1881.
Amblycipitidae Day, 1873 (slanke meervallen / Schlankwelse / Asiatische Schmerlenwelse / torrent
catfishes / loach catfishes) [some genera in Akysidae?]: Amblyceps Blyth, 1858; Liobagrus Hilgendorf,
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Richard van der Laan: Freshwater Fish List 3-1-2016
1878; Nahangbagrus Nguyen & Vo, 2005; Xiurenbagrus Chen & Lundberg, 1995.
Sisoridae Bleeker, 1858 (Aziatische stroomversnellingsmeervallen / zuigmeervallen / Saugwelse /
sisorid catfishes / Asian hillstream catfishes) {>23 Ma Early Miocene}
Glyptosterninae Gill, 1861 (Aziatische zuigmeervallen / Haftwelse / sucking catfishes / Asian sucker
catfishes / glyptosternoids) {age 6-8 Ma}: Chimarrichthys Sauvage, 1874; Creteuchiloglanis Zhou, Li
& Thomson, 2011; Exostoma Blyth, 1860; Glaridoglanis Norman, 1925; Glyptosternon McClelland,
1842; Myersglanis Hora & Silas, 1952; Oreoglanis Smith, 1933; Parachiloglanis Wu, He & Chu, 1981;
Pareuchiloglanis Pellegrin, 1936; Pseudecheneis Blyth, 1860; Pseudexostoma Chu, 1979.
Sisorinae (sisorines)
Bagariini Günther, 1864: Bagarius Bleeker, 1853, Glyptothorax Blyth, 1860.
Erethistini Bleeker, 1862 (nachtuilmeervallen / Nachtfalterwelse / moth catfishes): Ayarnangra
Roberts, 2001; Caelatoglanis Ng & Kottelat, 2005; Conta Hora, 1950; Erethistes Müller & Troschel,
1849; Erethistoides Hora, 1950; Pseudolaguvia Misra, 1976.
Sisorini (sisorins)
Sisorina: Sisor Hamilton, 1822.
Nangrina de Pinna 1996: Gagata Bleeker, 1858; Gogangra Roberts, 2001; Nangra Day, 1877.
Siluroidea
Siluridae Rafinesque, 1815 (Euraziatische meervallen / Echte Welse / sheet catfishes / silurid catfishes)
{>11 Ma Middle Miocene / Tortonian}: Belodontichthys Bleeker, 1857; Ceratoglanis Myers, 1938;
Hemisilurus Bleeker, 1857; Kryptopterus Bleeker, 1857; Micronema Bleeker, 1857; Ompok La Cepède,
1803; Phalacronotus Bleeker, 1857; Pinniwallago Gupta, Jayaram & Hajela, 1981; Pterocryptis Peters,
1861; Silurichthys Bleeker, 1856; Silurus Linnaeus, 1758; Wallago Bleeker, 1851; Wallagonia Myers,
1938.
Kryptoglanidae Britz, Kakkassery & Raghavan, 2014 (Indiaasche grotmeervallen / Indian cave
catfishes): Kryptoglanis Vincent & Thomas, 2011.
Doradoidea (doradides) {>112 Ma; age 93-96 Ma}
Aspredinidae Adams, 1854 (braadpanmeervallen / banjomeervallen / Bratpfannenwelse / Banjowelse /
Plattkopfwelse / banjo catfishes) {age 65 Ma}: Acanthobunocephalus Friel, 1995; Amaralia Fowler,
1954; Aspredinichthys Bleeker, 1858; Aspredo Scopoli, 1777; Bunocephalus Kner, 1855; Dupouyichthys
Schultz, 1944; Ernstichthys Fernández-Yépez, 1953; Hoplomyzon Myers, 1942; Micromyzon Friel &
Lundberg, 1996; Platystacus Bloch, 1794; Pseudobunocephalus Friel, 2008; Pterobunocephalus Fowler,
1943; Xyliphius Eigenmann, 1912.
Auchenipteridae Bleeker, 1862 (camouflagemeervallen / Trugdornwelse / Falsche Dornwelse /
auchenipterid catfishes)
Centromochlinae Bleeker, 1862: Centromochlus Kner, 1857; Gelanoglanis Böhlke, 1980; Glanidium
Lütken, 1874; Tatia Miranda Ribeiro, 1911.
Auchenipterinae
Pseudauchenipterini Bleeker, 1862: Asterophysus Kner, 1857; Liosomadoras Fowler, 1940;
Pseudauchenipterus Bleeker, 1862; Pseudotatia Mees, 1974; Tocantinsia Mees, 1974.
Trachelyopterini Bleeker, 1858 (drijfhoutmeervallen / driftwood catfishes): Auchenipterichthys
Bleeker, 1862; Parauchenipterus Bleeker, 1862; Trachelyichthys Mees, 1974;
Trachelyopterichthys Bleeker, 1862; Trachelyopterus Valenciennes, 1840; Trachycorystes Bleeker,
1858.
Auchenipterini: Ageneiosus La Cepède, 1803; Auchenipterus Valenciennes, 1840; Entomocorus
Eigenmann, 1917; Epapterus Cope, 1878; Pseudepapterus Steindachner, 1915; Spinipterus
Akama & Ferraris, 2011; Tetranematichthys Bleeker, 1862; Tympanopleura Eigenmann, 1912.
Doradidae Bleeker, 1858 (doornmeervallen / Dornwelse / thorny catfishes) {>65 Ma Maastrichtian}
Wertheimerinae Birindelli, 2014 (Oost-Braziliaanse doornmeervallen / Eastern Brazil thorny cats):
Franciscodoras Eigenmann, 1925; Kalyptodoras Higuchi, Britski & Garavello, 1990; Wertheimeria
Steindachner, 1876.
Astrodoradinae Higuchi, Birindelli, Sousa & Britski, 2007 (veerbaarddraad-doornmeervallen /
fimbriate-barbel thorny cats): Acanthodoras Bleeker, 1862; Agamyxis Cope, 1878; Amblydoras
Bleeker, 1862; Anadoras Eigenmann, 1925; Astrodoras Bleeker, 1862; Hypodoras Eigenmann, 1925;
Scorpiodoras Eigenmann, 1925.
Doradinae
99
Freshwater fish classification
“Centrochir clade”: Centrochir Agassiz, 1829; Platydoras Bleeker, 1862.
“Lithodoras clade”: Centrodoras Eigenmann, 1925; Doraops Schultz, 1944; Lithodoras Bleeker,
1862; Megalodoras Eigenmann, 1925; Pterodoras Bleeker, 1862.
“Rhinodoras clade”: Orinocodoras Myers, 1927; Rhinodoras Bleeker, 1862; Rhynchodoras
Klausewitz & Rössel, 1961.
Doradini: Anduzedoras Fernández-Yépez, 1968; Doras La Cepède, 1803; Hassar Eigenmann &
Eigenmann, 1888; Hemidoras Bleeker, 1858; Leptodoras Boulenger, 1898; Nemadoras
Eigenmann, 1925; Ossancora Birindelli & Sabaj Pérez, 2011; Oxydoras Kner, 1855; Tenellus
Birindelli, 2014; Trachydoras Eigenmann, 1925.
Pimelodoidea {age 80 Ma}
“Conorhynchos clade”: Conorhynchos Bleeker, 1858.
Heptapteridae Gill, 1861 (grondelantennemeervallen / Grundel-Antennenwelse / heptapterid catfishes /
heptapterids) {age 80 Ma}: Acentronichthys Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889; Brachyglanis Eigenmann,
1912; Brachyrhamdia Myers, 1927; Cetopsorhamdia Eigenmann & Fisher, 1916; Chasmocranus
Eigenmann, 1912; Gladioglanis Ferraris & Mago-Leccia, 1989; Goeldiella Eigenmann & Norris, 1900;
Heptapterus Bleeker, 1858; Horiomyzon Stewart, 1986; Imparfinis Eigenmann & Norris, 1900;
Leptorhamdia Eigenmann, 1918; Mastiglanis Bockmann, 1994; Myoglanis Eigenmann, 1912;
Nannoglanis Boulenger, 1887; Nemuroglanis Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889; Pariolius Cope, 1872;
Phenacorhamdia Dahl, 1961; Pimelodella Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888; Rhamdella Eigenmann &
Eigenmann, 1888; Rhamdia Bleeker, 1858; Rhamdioglanis Ihering, 1907; Rhamdiopsis Haseman, 1911;
Taunayia Miranda Ribeiro, 1918.
Phreatobiidae Reichel, 1927 (ondergrondse meervallen / cistern catfishes) {age 40 Ma}: Phreatobius
Goeldi, 1905.
Pimelodidae Bonaparte, 1835 (antennemeervallen / Antennenwelse / long-whiskered catfishes /
antenna catfishes / pimelodids) {>23 Ma Miocene; age 56 Ma} [subfamilies tentative]
“primitive pimelodids” (phractocephaline catfishes) {>23 Ma Miocene}: Leiarius Bleeker, 1862;
Phractocephalus Agassiz, 1829; Steindachneridion Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1919; Zungaropsis
Steindachner, 1908.
Sorubinae Swainson, 1838 (spatelmeervallen / reuzenspatelmeervallen / Spatelwelse / RiesenAntennenwelse / shovelnosed catfishes / sorubimine catfishes / sorubimines / goliath catfishes) {age
38 Ma}: Brachyplatystoma Bleeker, 1862; Hemisorubim Bleeker, 1862; Hypophthalmus Cuvier, 1829;
Platynematichthys Bleeker, 1858; Platysilurus Haseman, 1911; Platystomatichthys Bleeker, 1862;
Pseudoplatystoma Bleeker, 1862; Sorubim Cuvier, 1829; Sorubimichthys Bleeker, 1862; Zungaro
Bleeker, 1858.
Calophysinae Eigenmann, 1890 (snoekantennemeervallen / Hechtantennenwelse / calophysines)
{age 35 Ma}: Aguarunichthys Stewart, 1986; Calophysus Müller & Troschel, 1842; Cheirocerus
Eigenman, 1917; Luciopimelodus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888; Megalonema Eigenmann, 1912;
Pimelodina Steindachner, 1876; Pinirampus Bleeker, 1858.
Pimelodinae (antennemeervallen / pimelodines) {age 31 Ma}: Bagropsis Lütken, 1874; Bergiaria
Eigenmann & Norris, 1901; Duopalatinus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888; Exallodontus Lundberg,
Mago-Leccia & Nass, 1991; Iheringichthys Eigenmann & Norris, 1900; Parapimelodus La Monte,
1933; Pimelabditus Parisi & Lundberg, 2009; Pimelodus La Cepède, 1803; Propimelodus Lundberg &
Parisi, 2002.
Pseudopimelodidae Fernández-Yépez & Antón, 1966 (gemarmerde dwergmeervallen / Marmorwelse /
bumblebee catfishes / dwarf marbled catfishes / pseudopimelodid catfishes) {>22 Ma Burdigalian; age
48 Ma}: Batrochoglanis Gill, 1858; Cephalosilurus Haseman, 1911; Cruciglanis Ortega-Lara &
Lehmann, 2006; Lophiosilurus Steindachner, 1877; Microglanis Eigenmann, 1912; Pseudopimelodus
Bleeker, 1858.
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Clarioidea
Clariidae Bonaparte, 1845 (kieuwzakmeervallen / roofmeervallen / Sackkiemer / Froschwelse /
Raubwelse / Kiemensackwelse / Büschelwelse / Froschwelse/ airbreathing catfishes / labyrinth catfishes
/ walking catfishes / gillsac catfishes) {>38 Ma Eocene; age 56-123 Ma}: Channallabes Günther, 1873;
Clariallabes Boulenger, 1900; Clarias Scopoli, 1777; Clarioides Teugels, 1982; Dinotopterus Boulenger,
1906; Dolichallabes Poll, 1942; Encheloclarias Myers, 1937; Gymnallabes Günther, 1867;
Heterobranchus Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1809; Horaglanis Menon, 1950; Phagorus McClelland, 1844;
Platyallabes Poll, 1977; Platyclarias Poll, 1977; Tanganikallabes Poll, 1943; Uegitglanis Gianferrari,
1923.
Heteropneustidae Hora, 1936 (Aziatische kieuwzakmeervallen / Kiemensackwelse / South Asian airsac
catfishes): Heteropneustes Müller, 1840.
Arioidea {>68 Ma Early Maastrichtian; age 77 Ma}
Ariidae Bleeker, 1858 (zeemeervallen / Maulbrüterwelse / Kreuzwelse / sea catfishes / forktail catfishes /
crucifix catfishes / ariids) {>84 Ma Campanian; age 77 Ma} [this family includes two not listed marine
subfamilies]
Ariinae (brakwatermeervallen / ariins) {age 64 Ma} [this subfamily includes not listed marine genera]:
Amissidens Kailola, 2004; Amphiarius Marceniuk & Menezes, 2007; Arius Valenciennes, 1840;
Batrachocephalus Bleeker, 1846; Brustiarius Herre, 1935; Carlarius Marceniuk & Menezes, 2007;
Cathorops Jordan & Gilbert, 1883; Cephalocassis Bleeker, 1857; Cinetodus Ogilby, 1898; Cochlefelis
Whitley, 1941; Cryptarius Kailola, 2004; Doiichthys Weber, 1913; Genidens Castelnau, 1855;
Hemiarius Bleeker, 1862; Ketengus Bleeker, 1847; Nedystoma Ogilby, 1898; Nemapteryx Ogilby,
1908; Neoarius Castelnau, 1878; Notarius Gill, 1863; Osteogeneiosus Bleeker, 1846; Pachyula
Ogilby, 1898; Plicofollis Kailola, 2004; Potamarius Hubbs & Miller, 1960; Potamosilurus Marceniuk &
Menezes, 2007; Sciades Müller & Troschel, 1849.
Anchariidae Glaw & Vences, 1994 (Malagasische meervallen / Madagaskar Welse / Malagasy catfishes
/ anchariid catfishes) {age 77 Ma}: Ancharius Steindachner, 1880; Gogo Ng & Sparks, 2005.
Austroglanididae Mo, 1991 (Zuidafrikaanse meervallen / rotsmeervallen / Felsenwelse /
Südafrikanische Welse / Südwelse / austroglanidid catfishes / rock catfishes): Austroglanis Skelton,
Risch & de Vos, 1984.
Pangasiidae Bleeker, 1858 (haaimeervallen / reuzenmeervallen / Riesenwelse / Haiwelse / pangasiid
catfishes / shark catfishes) {? >38 Ma Eocene; age 76 Ma}: Helicophagus Bleeker, 1857;
Pangasianodon Chevey, 1931; Pangasius Valenciennes, 1840; Pseudolais Vaillant, 1902.
Ictaluroidea (ictalurides) {age 70-85 Ma}
Cranoglanididae Myers, 1931 (Chinese meervallen / Chinesische Welse / armorhead catfishes /
Chinese catfishes): Cranoglanis Peters, 1881.
Ictaluridae Gill, 1861 (katmeervallen / Katzenwelse / North American freshwater catfishes) {>63 Ma
Early Paleocene / Thanetian; age 41 Ma}: Ameiurus Rafinesque, 1820; Ictalurus Rafinesque, 1820;
Noturus Rafinesque, 1818; Prietella Carranza, 1954; Pylodictis Rafinesque, 1819; Satan Hubbs &
Bailey, 1947; Trogloglanis Eigenmann, 1919.
clade “Big Africa”
Amphiliidae Regan, 1911 (Afrikaanse stroomversnellingsmeervallen / kuilwangmeervallen / Bergwelse /
Kaulquappenwelse / Afrikanische Harnischwelse / mountain catfishes / African hillstream catfishes /
loach catfishes)
Amphiliinae (amphiliin catfishes): Amphilius Günther, 1864; Paramphilius Pellegrin, 1907.
Doumeinae Regan, 1911 (slanke Afrikaanse stroomversnellingsmeervallen / Afrikanische
Peitschenwelse / doumein catfishes / African armoured catfishes): Andersonia Boulenger, 1900;
Belonoglanis Boulenger, 1902; Congoglanis Ferraris, Vari & Skelton, 2011; Doumea Sauvage, 1879;
Phractura Boulenger, 1900; Trachyglanis Boulenger, 1902.
Leptoglaninae Roberts, 2003 (zandbabertjes / sand catlets / leptoglanid catfishes): Dolichamphilius
Roberts, 2003; Leptoglanis Boulenger, 1902; Psammphiletria Roberts, 2003; Tetracamphilius
Roberts, 2003; Zaireichthys Roberts, 1967.
Malapteruridae Bleeker, 1858 (siddermeervallen / Zitterwelse / Elektrische Welse / electric catfishes):
Malapterurus La Cepède, 1803; Paradoxoglanis Norris, 2002.
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Freshwater fish classification
Mochokidae Regan, 1912 (baardmeervallen / Mochokiden / Fiederbartwelse / mochokid catfishes /
squeakers / upside-down catfishes) {>34 Ma Early Oligocene}
Mochokinae (rugzwemmers / rugzwemmende meervallen / Fiederbartwelse / squeakers) {>23 Ma
Early Miocene; age 35 Ma}: Acanthocleithron Nichols & Griscom, 1917; Microsynodontis Boulenger,
1903; Mochokiella Howes, 1980; Mochokus Joannis, 1835; Synodontis Cuvier, 1816.
Chiloglanidinae Vigliotta, 2008 (zuigmondbaardmeervallen / Afrikaanse zuigmeervallen /
Afrikasaugwelse / African suckermouths / suckermouthed mochokids)
Chiloglanidini (insektenetende zuigmondmeervallen / invertebrates-eating African suckermouths):
Chiloglanis Peters, 1868.
Atopochilini Vigliotta, 2008 (omnivore zuigmondmeervallen / algenschrapende Afrikaanse
zuigmeervallen / omnivorous African suckermouths): Atopochilus Sauvage, 1879; Atopodontus
Friel & Vigliotta, 2008; Euchilichthys Boulenger, 1900.
Claroteidae Bleeker, 1862 (Afrikaanse stekelmeervallen / Claroteiden / Afrikanische Stachelwelse /
claroteid catfishes) {>59 Ma Early Eocene; age 48 Ma}
Claroteinae (knormeervallen / Grunzwelse / grunters) {>46 Ma Eocene}: Amarginops Nichols &
Griscom, 1917; Bathybagrus Bailey & Stewart, 1984; Chrysichthys Bleeker, 1858; Clarotes Kner,
1855; Gephyroglanis Boulenger, 1899; Lophiobagrus Poll, 1942; Phyllonemus Boulenger, 1906.
Auchenoglanidinae Jarayam, 1966 (stofzuigermeervallen / Flachkopfwelse / flatnose catfishes) {>5
Ma late Miocene}: Auchenoglanis Günther, 1865; Notoglanidium Günther, 1903; Parauchenoglanis
Boulenger, 1911.
Schilbeidae Bleeker, 1858 (Afrikaanse glasmeervallen / botermeervallen / Eigentliche Glaswelse /
Afrikanische Glaswelse / schilbeid catfishes / butter catfishes / schilbids) {>5 Ma late Miocene; age 20
Ma}: Irvineia Trewavas, 1943; Parailia Boulenger, 1899; Pareutropius Regan, 1920; Schilbe Oken,
1817; Siluranodon Bleeker, 1858.
6 cohort: EUTELEOSTEOMORPHA sensu Wiley & Johnson, 2010 {>151 Ma Tithonian; age 271 Ma}
6a division: PROTACANTHOPTERYGII sensu Zaragüeta-Bagils et al., 2002 {>146 Ma Cretaceous;
age 270 Ma}
Lepidogalaxiiformes (SALAMANDERVISACHTIGEN / LEPIDOGALAXIIFORM FISHES) sensu Betancur-R.
et al., 2013 {age 232 Ma}
Lepidogalaxiidae Rosen, 1974 (salamandervissen / Salamanderfische / salamanderfishes):
Lepidogalaxias Mees, 1961.
Galaxiiformes (ZUIDELIJKE FORELACHTIGEN / HECHTLINGEARTIGE / GALAXIIFORM FISHES) sensu
Betancur-R. et al., 2013 {age 148 Ma}
GALAXIOIDEI (ZUIDELIJKE FORELVERWANTEN / HECHTLINGEVERWANDTE / GALAXIOID FISHES) sensu Li et al.,
2010
Galaxiidae Müller, 1845 (zuidelijke snoekforellen / Hechtlinge / galaxiids) {>71 Ma late Cretaceous; age
30 Ma}
Aplochitoninae Günther, 1864 (forelsnoeken / Forellenhechtlinge / peladillos / aplochitonines):
Aplochiton Jenyns, 1842; Lovettia McCulloch, 1915.
Galaxiinae (zuidelijke forellen / white bait and mudfishes): Brachygalaxias Eigenmann, 1928;
Galaxias Cuvier, 1816; Galaxiella McDowall, 1978; Neochanna Günther, 1867; Paragalaxias Scott,
1935.
Salmoniformes (ZALMACHTIGEN / LACHSFISCHARTIGE / LACHSÄHNLICHEN / SALMONIFORM FISHES)
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Richard van der Laan: Freshwater Fish List 3-1-2016
sensu Ishiguro et al., 2003 {>84 Ma Campanian; age 97 Ma}
ESOCOIDEI (SNOEKACHTIGEN / HECHTARTIGE / ESOCIFORM FISHES)
sensu Wilson & Williams, 2010 {>78 Ma
upper Campanian; age 97 Ma}
Esocidae Rafinesque, 1815 {>78 Ma upper Campanian; age 66 Ma}
Esocinae (snoeken / Hechte / pikes) {age 56 Ma}: Esox Linnaeus, 1758; Novumbra Schultz, 1929.
Dalliinae Jordan, 1885 (Fächerfische / blackfishes) {>49 Ma Lutetian}: Dallia Bean, 1880.
Umbridae Bonaparte, 1845 (hondsvissen / Hundsfische / mudminnows) {>65 Ma Palaeocene; age 66
Ma}: Umbra Kramer, 1777.
SALMONOIDEI (ZALMVERWANTEN / LACHSFISCHVERWANDTE / SALMONOID FISHES)
sensu Sandford, 2000
{age 59 Ma}
Coregonidae Bonaparte, 1845 (houtingen / Renken / Maränen / whitefishes) {>5 Ma Pliocene; age 47
Ma}: Coregonus Linnaeus, 1758; Prosopium Jordan, 1878; Stenodus Richardson, 1837.
Thymallidae Gill, 1885 (vlagzalmen / Äschen / graylings) {>56 Ma Ypresian; age 47 Ma}: Thymallus
Linck, 1790.
Salmonidae Jarocki / Schinz, 1822 (zalmfamilie / Lachsfische / Lachsähnliche / trouts, salmons and
chars) {>56 Ma Ypresian; age 34 Ma}
Brachymystacinae Tchernavin, 1923 (chars & lenoks): Brachymystax Günther, 1866; Hucho
Günther, 1866.
Salmoninae (zalmen en forellen / Lachsartige / trouts and salmons) {>25 Ma Miocene; age 22 Ma}:
Oncorhynchus Suckley, 1861; Parahucho Vladykov, 1963; Salmo Linnaeus, 1758; Salvelinus
Richardson, 1837.
Osmeriformes (SPIERINGACHTIGEN / STINTEARTIGE / OSMERIFORM FISHES) sensu Betancur-R. et al.,
2013 {age 129 Ma}
OSMEROIDEI (SPIERINGVERWANTEN / STINTEVERWANDTE / OSMEROID FISHES)
sensu Li et al., 2010 {>71 Ma
late Cretaceous}
Retropinnidae Gill, 1862 (Nieuwzeelandse snoekforellen / Neuseelandlachse / southern white-bait /
New Zealand white-bait / New Zealand smelts) {>1 Ma Middle Pleistocene}
Prototroctinae Hubbs, 1952 (zuiderse smelten / southern graylings): Prototroctes Günther, 1864.
Retropinninae (zuidelijke spieringen / Finten / southern smelts / New Zealand trouts): Retropinna
Gill, 1862.
Osmeridae Regan, 1913 (spieringen / Stinte / smelts / osmerids) {>59 Ma Thanetian; age 39 Ma}
Osmerinae (echte spieringen / Echte Stinte / smelts) [this subfamily includes two not listed marine
genera]: Hypomesus Gill, 1862, Osmerus Linnaeus, 1758; Spirinchus Jordan & Evermann, 1896;
Thaleichthys Girard, 1858.
Plecoglossinae Bleeker, 1859 (ayu’s / Ayus / ayu fishes) {>10 Ma late Miocene; age 33 Ma}:
Plecoglossus Temminck & Schlegel, 1846.
Salanginae Bleeker, 1859 (noedelvissen / Nudelfische / icefishes / noodlefishes / Chinese white-bait)
{age 14–21 Ma}
Protosalangini Wakiya & Takahasi, 1937: Neosalangichthys Fu et al., 2012; Protosalanx Regan,
1908.
Salangini: Parasalanx Regan, 1908; Salangichthys Bleeker, 1860; Salanx Cuvier, 1816.
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Freshwater fish classification
subcohort: NEOTELEOSTEI (MODERNE BEENVISSEN / NEUZEITLICHE KNOCHENFISCHE / MODERN BONY
FISHES) sensu Wiley & Johnson, 2010 {>130 Ma Barremian; age 183 Ma} [7 + 8]
7 subsection: ACANTHOMORPHATA (STEKELVINNIGEN / STACHELFLOSSER / SPINY-RAYED FISHES /
ACANTHOMORPHS)
sensu Li et al., 2009 {>98 Ma Cenomanian; age 163 Ma} [this clade
includes many orders of marine fishes]
7a division: PARACANTHOMORPHACEAE sensu Grande, Borden & Smith, 2013 {>98 Ma
Cenomanian; age 134 Ma}
Percopsiformes (ZALMBAARSACHTIGEN / BARSCHLACHSARTIGE / PERCOPSIFORM FISHES) {>98 Ma
Cenomanian; age 70 Ma} sensu Springer & Johnson, 2004
PERCOPSOIDEI (FORELBAARSACHTIGEN / BARSCHLACHSARTIGE / PERCOPSOID FISHES)
{age 70 Ma}
Percopsidae Agassiz, 1850 (forelbaarzen / zalmbaarzen / baarszalmen / Barschlachse / trout perches
and sand rollers) {>56 Ma Ypresian; age 70 Ma}: Percopsis Agassiz, 1849.
AMBLYOPSOIDEI (HOLENVISACHTIGEN / BLINDFISCHARTIGE / AMBLYOPSOID FISHES)
{age 70 Ma}
Aphredoderidae Bonaparte, 1845 (piratenbaarzen / piraatbaarzen / Piratenbarsche / pirate perches)
{>38 Ma Priabonian; age 50 Ma}: Aphredoderus Lesueur, 1833.
Amblyopsidae Bonaparte, 1845 (holenvissen / olmen / blinde vissen / blinde baarszalmen / Blindfische /
Nordamerikanische Höhlenfische / cavefishes) {age 50 Ma}: Amblyopsis DeKay, 1842; Chologaster
Agassiz, 1853; Forbesichthys Jordan, 1929; Speoplatyrhinus Cooper & Kuehne, 1974; Troglichthys
Eigenmann, 1899;Typhlichthys Girard, 1859.
Gadiformes (KABELJAUWACHTIGEN / KEELVINNIGEN / DORSCHARTIGE / GADIFORM FISHES) sensu Endo,
2002 {>71 Ma late Cretaceous; age 90 Ma}
GADOIDEI (KABELJAUWVERWANTEN / DORSCHVERWANDTE / GADOID FISHES) sensu
Endo, 2002
Gadidae Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1810 (kabeljauwen / schelvissen / Dorschfische / Schellfische /
codfishes) {>34 Ma Rupelian} [this family includes not listed marine subfamilies]:
Lotinae Bonaparte, 1835 (kwabalen / Quappen / cuskfishes / hakes & burbots) {>34 Ma Rupelian}
[this subfamily includes not listed marine genera]: Lota Oken, 1817.
Gadinae (kabeljauwen / Dorsche / cods) [this subfamily includes not listed marine genera]:
Microgadus Gill, 1865.
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Division: EUACANTHOMORPHACEA sensu Johnson & Patterson, 1993
8 subdivision: PERCOMORPHACEAE {>100 Ma Cenomanian; age 133 Ma} [the relationship of the
following series is somewhat controversial]
Series: Ophidiaria [Ophidiiformes] + Batrachoidaria [Batrachoidiformes] + Gobiaria [Gobiiformes] +
Syngnatharia [Syngnathiformes] + Pelagiaria [no freshwater species] + Anabantaria
[Synbranchiformes, Anabantiformes] + Carangaria [Pleuronectiformes] + Ovalentaria
[Cichliformes, Atheriniformes, Beloniformes, Cyprinodontiformes, Mugiliformes,
Blenniiformes] + Eupercaria [Uranoscopiformes, Spariformes, Tetraodontiformes,
Centrarchiformes, Perciformes]
Ophidiiformes (SLANGVISACHTIGEN / EINGEWEIDEFISCHE / CUSK-EELS) sensu Nielsen, Cohen, Markle
& Robins, 1999
BYTHITOIDEI (BROTULA-VERWANTEN / BROTULA-VERWANDTE / OPHIDIOID FISHES / BYTHITOID FISHES)
Bythitidae Gill, 1861 (levendbarende brotulas / naaldvissen / Lebendgebärende Brotulas / viviparous
brotulas) {>84 Ma Campanian}
Bythitinae [this subfamily includes not listed marine genera]: Lucifuga Poey, 1858.
Brosmophycinae Gill, 1862 [this subfamily includes a not listed marine tribe]
Dinematichthyini Whitley, 1928 [this tribe includes not listed marine genera]: Ogilbia Jordan &
Evermann, 1898.
Batrachoidiformes (STEENVISACHTIGEN / FROSCHFISCHARTIGE / BATRACHOIDIFORM FISHES) sensu
Wiley & Johnson, 2010 {age 40 Ma}
Batrachoididae Jordan, 1896 (paddevissen / kikvorsvissen / Froschfische / toadfishes) {>56 Ma
Ypresian} [this family includes a not listed marine subfamily]
Thalassophryninae Miranda Ribeiro, 1915 (giftige tweestekelpaddevissen / Krötenfische / venomous
toadfishes / twospine toadfishes): Daector Jordan & Evermann, 1898; Thalassophryne Günther,
1861.
Batrachoidinae (driestekelpaddevissen van de nieuwe wereld / Amerikanische Dreistachelfroschfische / New World threespine toadfishes) {>25 Ma Miocene} [this subfamily includes not listed
marine genera]: Batrachoides La Cepède, 1800; Potamobatrachus Collette, 1995.
Halophryninae Greenfield, Winterbottom & Collette, 2008 (driestekelpaddevissen van de oude
wereld / Indische Dreistachelfroschfische / Old World threespine toadfishes) {>14 Ma Middle
Miocene} [this subfamily includes not listed marine genera]: Allenbatrachus Greenfield, 1997;
Batrachomoeus Ogilby, 1908; Halophryne Gill, 1863.
Gobiiformes (ZEEGRONDELACHTIGEN / GRUNDELARTIGE / MEERGRUNDELARTIGE / GOBIIFORM FISHES)
sensu Thacker, 2009 {age 102 Ma}
sensu Thacker, 2009 {age 102 Ma}
Kurtidae Bleeker, 1859 (verpleegvissen / kambaarzen / Kurter / nurseryfishes / forehead brooders):
Kurtus Bloch, 1786.
Apogonidae Günther, 1859 (kardinaalbaarzen / Kardinalbarsche / cardinalfishes) {>86 Ma Santonian}
[this family includes not listed marine subfamilies]
Apogoninae [this subfamily includes not listed marine tribes]
Glossamiini Fraser & Mabuchi, 2014: Glossamia Gill, 1863; Yarica Whitley, 1930.
Zoramiini Fraser & Mabuchi, 2014 [this tribe includes a not listed marine genus]: Fibramia Fraser
& Mabuchi, 2014.
KURTOIDEI
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Freshwater fish classification
GOBIOIDEI (ZEEGRONDELVERWANTEN / GRUNDELVERWANDTE / MEERGRUNDELVERWANDTE / GOBIIOID FISHES)
sensu Thacker, 2009 {age 102 Ma}
Odontobutoidea
Rhyacichthyidae Jordan, 1905 (riviergrondels / Schmerlengrundeln / loach gobies) {age 98 Ma}:
Protogobius Watson & Pöllabauer, 1998; Rhyacichthys Boulenger, 1901; Terateleotris Shibukawa, Iwata
& Viravong, 2001.
Odontobutidae Hoese & Gill, 1993 (zoetwaterslaapgrondels / Süßwasserschläfergrundeln / freshwater
sleepers / odontobutids) {>5 Ma Pliocene; age 98 Ma}: Micropercops Fowler & Bean, 1920;
Neodontobutis Chen, Kottelat & Wu, 2002; Odontobutis Bleeker, 1874; Perccottus Dybowski, 1877;
Sineleotris Herre, 1940.
Milyeringidae Whitley, 1945 (zoetwatergrottengrondels / Süßwasser-Höhlengrundeln / freshwater cave
gobies) {age 77 Ma}: Milyeringa Whitley, 1945; Typhleotris Petit, 1933.
Eleotroidea
Eleotridae Bonaparte, 1835 (slaapgrondels / Schläfergrundeln / sleepers / gudgeons / bullies) {>34 Ma
Rupelian; age 92 Ma} [this family includes not listed marine genera]: Allomogurnda Allen, 2003;
Belobranchus Bleeker, 1856; Bunaka Herre, 1927; Dormitator Gill, 1861; Eleotris Scopoli, 1777; Giuris
Sauvage, 1880; Gobiomorphus Gill, 1863; Gobiomorus La Cepède, 1800; Guavina Bleeker, 1874;
Hemieleotris Meek & Hildebrand, 1916; Hypseleotris Gill, 1863; Kimberleyeleotris Hoese & Allen, 1987;
Leptophilypnion Roberts, 2013; Leptophilypnus Meek & Hildebrand, 1916; Microphilypnus Myers, 1927;
Mogurnda Gill, 1863; Philypnodon Bleeker, 1874; Ratsirakia Maugé, 1984; Tateurndina Nichols, 1955.
Butidae Bleeker, 1874 (Afro-aziatische slaapgrondels / gudgeons) {>38 Ma Oligocene; age 99 Ma}:
Bostrychus La Cepède, 1801; Butis Bleeker, 1856; Incara Rao, 1971; Kribia Herre, 1946; Odonteleotris
Gill, 1863; Ophiocara Gill, 1863; Oxyeleotris Bleeker, 1874; Parviparma Herre, 1927; Pogoneleotris
Bleeker, 1875; Prionobutis Bleeker, 1874.
Gobioidea
Gobionellidae Bleeker, 1874 (zoet- en brakwatergrondels / Brackwassergrundeln / gobionellids) {>38
Ma Priabonian; age 49 Ma} [subfamilies and tribes tentative]
“sand gobies” {age 38 Ma} [this clade includes not listed marine genera]: Economidichthys Bianco,
Bullock, Miller & Roubal, 1987; Hyrcanogobius Iljin, 1928; Knipowitschia Iljin, 1927; Pomatoschistus
Gill, 1863.
Brachygobiinae Bleeker, 1874 (mugilogobiins) {age 49 Ma} [this subfamily includes a not listed
marine genus]: Brachygobius Bleeker, 1874; Caecogobius Berti & Ercolini, 1991; Chlamydogobius
Whitley, 1930; Eugnathogobius Smith, 1931; Gobiopterus Bleeker, 1874; Hemigobius Bleeker, 1874;
Mistichthys Smith, 1902; Mugilogobius Smitt, 1900; Pandaka Herre, 1927; Pseudogobiopsis
Koumans, 1935; Pseudogobius Popta, 1922; Redigobius Herre, 1927; Stigmatogobius Bleeker, 1874;
Tamanka Herre, 1927; Tasmanogobius Scott, 1935; Wuhanlinigobius Huang, Zeehan & Chen, 2014.
Tridentigerinae Gill, 1859 (Northern Pacific lineage / acanthogobiins) {age 38 Ma} [this clade
includes not listed marine genera]: Acanthogobius Gill, 1859; Chaenogobius Gill, 1859; Clevelandia
Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888; Eucyclogobius Gill, 1862; Gillichthys Cooper, 1864; Gymnogobius
Gill, 1863; Leucopsarion Hilgendorf, 1880; Luciogobius Gill, 1859; Papuligobius Chen & Kottelat,
2003; Rhinogobius Gill, 1859; Tridentiger Gill, 1859; Typhlogobius Steindachner, 1879.
Gobionellinae (dwerggrondels / Zwerggrundeln / dwarf gobies) {age 38 Ma}
Gobionellini [this tribe includes not listed marine genera]: Awaous Valenciennes, 1837;
Ctenogobius Gill, 1858; Evorthodus Gill, 1859; Gobioides La Cepède, 1800; Gobionellus Girard,
1858; Oligolepis Bleeker, 1874; Oxyurichthys Bleeker, 1857; Parawaous Watson, 1993;
Pseudorhinogobius Zhong & Wu, 1998; Stenogobius Bleeker, 1874.
Sicydiini Gill, 1860 (eilandgrondeltjes / tandlipgrondels / Lippenzahngrundeln / Inselgrundeln /
sicydiine Grundeln / rock-climbing gobies / cling gobies / island gobies) {age 6-12 Ma}: Akihito
Watson, Keith & Marquet, 2007; Cotylopus Guichenot, 1863; Lentipes Günther, 1861;
Parasicydium Risch, 1980; Sicydium Valenciennes, 1837; Sicyopterus Gill, 1860; Sicyopus Gill,
1863; Smilosicyopus Watson, 1999; Stiphodon Weber, 1895.
Oxudercinae Günther, 1861 (slijkgrondels / slijkspringers / Schlammgrundeln / Schlammspringer /
mudskippers / oxudercines) {age 38 Ma} [this subfamily includes not listed marine genera]
Oxudercini: Apocryptes Valenciennes, 1837; Apocryptodon Bleeker, 1874; Boleophthalmus
Valenciennes, 1837; Oxuderces Eydoux & Souleyet, 1850; Parapocryptes Bleeker, 1874;
Periophthalmodon Bleeker, 1874; Periophthalmus Bloch, 1801; Pseudapocryptes Bleeker, 1874;
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Scartelaos Swainson, 1839; Zappa Murdy, 1989.
Amblyopini Günther, 1861 (aalgrondels / Aalgrundeln / eel gobies / mud-burrowing gobies /
amblyopines / amblyopine gobies) [this tribe includes not listed marine genera]: Brachyamblyopus
Bleeker, 1874; Caragobius Smith & Seale, 1906; Gymnoamblyopus Murdy & Ferraris, 2003;
Odontamblyopus Bleeker, 1874; Paratrypauchen Murdy, 2008; Pseudotrypauchen Hardenberg,
1931; Taenioides La Cepède, 1800; Trypauchen Valenciennes, 1837; Trypauchenichthys Bleeker,
1860; Trypauchenopsis Volz, 1903.
Gobiidae Cuvier, 1816 (zeegrondels / Meergrundeln / Haftgrundeln / Grundeln / gobies / transverse
gobiids) {>38 Ma Priabonian / Late Eocene; age 49 Ma} [subfamilies, tribes and clades tentative]
“inshore gobies” (kust zeegrondels / inshore gobies) {age 46 Ma} [this clade includes not listed marine
genera]: Bathygobius Bleeker, 1878; Glossogobius Gill, 1859; Psammogobius Smith, 1935;
Schismatogobius de Beaufort, 1912.
“lagoon gobies” (lagune zeegrondels / lagoon gobies) {age 36 Ma} [this clade includes not listed
marine genera]: Acentrogobius Bleeker, 1874; Afurcagobius Gill, 1993; Amoya Herre, 1927;
Aulopareia Smith, 1945; Drombus Jordan & Seale, 1905; Exyrias Jordan & Seale, 1906;
Favonigobius Whitley, 1930; Gobiopsis Steindachner, 1861; Istigobius Whitley, 1932; Porogobius
Bleeker, 1874; Silhouettea Smith, 1959; Yongeichthys Whitley, 1932.
Gobiodontinae Bleeker, 1874 (kuifzeegrondels / dartfishes and flapcrested gobies / hovering gobies)
{age 48 Ma} [this subfamily includes not listed marine genera]
Clade (flapjeskop zeegrondels / flapheaded gobies) {age 42 Ma}: Mangarinus Herre, 1943.
Clade (gekuifde zeegrondels / crested gobies) {age 47 Ma}: Cristatogobius Herre, 1927;
Gladiogobius Herre, 1933; Lophogobius Gill, 1862.
Ptereleotrini Bleeker, 1875 (torpedo-grondels / dart-gobies) {age 44 Ma}: Parioglossus Regan,
1912.
Gobiinae (Middelandse Zee en Atlantische zeegrondels / Europeesche en Afrikaanse zeegrondels /
Mediterranean and Eastern Atlantic gobies / transverse gobies) {>38 Ma Eocene; age 45 Ma} [this
subfamily includes not listed marine genera]: Chromogobius de Buen, 1930; Croilia Smith, 1955;
Ebomegobius Herre, 1946; Gobius Linnaeus, 1758; Nematogobius Boulenger, 1910.
Benthophilinae Beling & Iljin, 1927 (Ponto-Caspian gobies) {age 42 Ma}
Benthophilini (padgrondels / tadpole gobies / benthophilins) {age 10 Ma} [this tribe includes a not
listed marine genus]: Benthophiloides Beling & Iljin, 1927; Benthophilus Eichwald, 1831;
Caspiosoma Iljin, 1927.
Neogobiini Neilson & Stepien, 2009 (neogobiins) {age 5-6 Ma}: Neogobius Iljin, 1927.
Ponticolini Neilson & Stepien, 2009 (ponticolins) {age 5 Ma} [this tribe includes a not listed marine
genus]: Babka Iljin, 1927; Mesogobius Bleeker, 1874; Padogobius Berg, 1932; Ponticola Iljin,
1927; Proterorhinus Smitt, 1900.
Gobiosomatinae Birdsong, 1975 (Amerikaanse zeegrondels / American seven-spined gobies) {age
45 Ma} [this tribe includes not listed marine genera]: Gobiosoma Girard, 1858; Microgobius Poey,
1876.
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Freshwater fish classification
Syngnathiformes (ZEENAALDACHTIGEN / SEENADELARTIGE / SYNGNATHIFORM FISHES) sensu
Betancur-R. et al., 2013 / Song et al., 2014 {age 95 Ma}
SYNGNATHOIDEI (TROSKIEUWIGEN / SEENADELVERWANDTE / BÜSCHELKIEMER / SYNGNATHOID FISHES)
sensu
Betancur-R. et al., 2013 / Song et al., 2014
Syngnathidae Bonaparte, 1831 (zeenaalden en zeepaardjes / Seenadeln und Seepferdchen /
pipefishes and seahorses) {>56 Ma Ypresian; age 40 Ma} [this family includes a not listed marine
subfamily]
Syngnathinae (zeenaalden / Seenadeln / pipefishes and flagtail pipefishes) [this subfamily includes
not listed marine genera]: Doryichthys Kaup, 1856; Enneacampus Dawson, 1981; Hippichthys
Bleeker, 1849; Ichthyocampus Kaup, 1853; Microphis Kaup, 1853; Nerophis Rafinesque-Schmaltz,
1810; Pseudophallus Herald, 1940; Syngnathus Linnaeus, 1758.
CALLIONYMOIDEI (PITVISVERWANTEN / LEIERFISCHVERWANDTE / CALLIONYMOID FISHES)
sensu Gosline, 1970
Callionymidae Bonaparte, 1831 (pitvissen / Leierfische / Spinnenfische / dragonets) {>56 Ma Ypresian;
age 27 Ma} [this family includes not listed marine genera]: Callionymus Linnaeus, 1758; Repomucenus
Whitley, 1931; Tonlesapia Motomura & Mukai, 2006.
Synbranchiformes (KORTSTAARTALEN / KURZSCHWANZAALARTIGE / SYNBRANCHIFORM FISHES) sensu
Betancur-R. et al., 2013 {73 Ma}
MASTACEMBELOIDEI (STEKELAALVERWANTEN / STACHELAALVERWANDTE / PFEILSCHNABELVERWANDTE /
MASTACEMBELOID EELS) {age 19 Ma}
Chaudhuriidae Annandale, 1918 (moerasstekelalen / regenwormalen / Regenwurmaale /
Erdwurmstachelaale / earthworm eels / dwarf eels): Bihunichthys Kottelat & Lim, 1994; Chaudhuria
Annandale, 1918; Chendol Kottelat & Lim, 1994; Garo Yazdani & Talwar, 1981; Nagaichthys Kottelat &
Lim, 1991; Pillaia Yazdani, 1972.
Mastacembelidae Swainson, 1839 (stekelalen / Stachelaale / Pfeilschnäbel / spiny-eels):
Caecomastacembelus Poll, 1958; Macrognathus La Cepède, 1800; Mastacembelus Scopoli, 1777;
Sinobdella Kottelat & Lim, 1994.
INDOSTOMOIDEI (BUISBEKSTEKELBAARSVERWANTEN / RÖHRENSCHNÄBELVERWANDTE / INDOSTOMOID FISHES)
{age 67 Ma}
Indostomidae Prashad & Mukerji, 1929 (buisbekstekelbaarzen / stekelbuisbekvissen / Süßwasser
Röhrenschnäbel / indostomids / armored sticklebacks): Indostomus Prashad & Mukerji, 1929.
SYNBRANCHOIDEI (KIEUWSPLEETAALVERWANTEN / KIEMENSCHLITZAALVERWANDTE / SYNBRANCHOID FISHES)
sensu Rosen & Greenwood, 1976 {age 67 Ma}
Synbranchidae Bonaparte, 1835 (kieuwspleetalen / proest-alen / Kiemenschlitzaale / Kurzschwanzaale
/ swamp-eels)
Macrotrematinae Rosen & Greenwood, 1976 (primitieve kieuwspleetalen / PrimitivKiemenschlitzaale / primitive swamp-eels): Macrotrema Regan, 1912.
Synbranchinae (moerasalen / Sumpfaale / swamp-eels / marsh-eels / ditch eels): Monopterus La
Cepède, 1800; Ophisternon McClelland, 1844; Synbranchus Bloch, 1795
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Anabantiformes (LABYRINTVISACHTIGEN / KLETTERFISCHARTIGE / ANABANTIFORM FISHES) sensu
Collins, Britz & Rüber, 2015 {age 70 Ma}
NANDOIDEI (AZIATISCHE BAARSJESVERWANTEN / NANDOID FISHES) {age
64 Ma}
Pristolepididae Regan, 1913 (Indische bladvissen / catopra’s / Tiger-Nanderbarsche / pristolepidids /
mudperches / Asian sunfishes / tiger nandids): Pristolepis Jerdon, 1848.
Nandidae Bleeker, 1852 (Aziatische baarsjes / Aziatische dwergbaarzen / Nander / Asian leaffishes /
nandids) {>71 Ma Upper Cretaceous}
Nandinae (nanderbaarzen / Nanderbarsche / nandines): Nandus Valenciennes, 1831.
Badinae Barlow, Liem & Wickler, 1968 (blauwe baarsjes / Blaubarsche / chameleon fishes / badises)
{age 47 Ma}: Badis Bleeker, 1853; Dario Kullander & Britz, 2002.
CHANNOIDEI (SLANGENKOPVISVERWANTEN / SLANGENKOPFVERWANDTE / CHANNOID FISHES)
sensu Britz in
Wiley & Johnson, 2010 {age 64 Ma}
Channidae Fowler, 1934 (slangenkopvissen / Schlangenkopffische / Schlangenköpfe / snakeheads)
{>56 Ma Ypresian / Early Eocene; age 84–110 Ma}: Channa Scopoli, 1777; Parachanna Teugels &
Daget, 1984.
ANABANTOIDEI (LABYRINTVISVERWANTEN / KLETTERFISCHVERWANDTE / LABYRINTHFISCHE / LABYRINTHFISHES) sensu Rüber, Britz & Zardoya, 2006 {age 63 Ma}
Anabantidae Bonaparte, 1831 (klimbaarzen / Kletterfische / Buschfische / climbing gouramies / climbing
perches) {age 33–50 Ma}
Anabantinae (Aziatische klimbaarzen / Kletter-Buschfische / Asiatische Kletterfische / Asiatic
climbing perches) {age 28–45 Ma}: Anabas Cloquet, 1816.
Ctenopomatinae Cambray, 1997 (Afrikaanse klimbaarzen / Blatt-Buschfische / Buschfische / African
climbing perches) {age 33 Ma}: Ctenopoma Peters, 1844; Microctenopoma Norris, 1995; Sandelia
Castelnau, 1861.
Helostomatidae Gill, 1872 (kussende goerami’s / zoenvissen / zoengoerami’s / Buckelmäuler /
Küssende Guramis / kissing gouramies) {age 60 Ma}: Helostoma Cuvier, 1829.
Osphronemidae van der Hoeven, 1832 (labyrintvissen / Fadenfische / Guramis / gouramies) {>56 Ma
Eocene; age 60 Ma}
Belontiinae Liem, 1962 (kamstaartgoerami’s / eilandkempvissen / Inselmakropoden / combtail
gouramies) {age 28–37 Ma}: Belontia Myers, 1923.
Osphroneminae (reuzengoerami’s / spijsgoerami’s / Riesenguramis / giant gouramies) {>38 Ma
Oligocene; age 28–37 Ma}: Osphronemus La Cepède, 1801.
Luciocephalinae Bleeker, 1852 (snoekkopgoerami’s / draadgoerami’s / Hechtköpfe / pikeheads /
spiral egg gouramies) {age 20–31 Ma}: Ctenops McClelland, 1845; Luciocephalus Bleeker, 1850;
Parasphaerichthys Prashad & Mukerji, 1929; Sphaerichthys Canestrini, 1860.
Trichogastrinae Bleeker, 1879 (paradijsvissen / Großflosser / paradise fishes) {age 20–31 Ma}
Trichogastrini (draadgoerami’s / echte goerami’s / Fadenguramis / threadfishes): Trichogaster
Bloch, 1801; Trichopodus La Cepède, 1801.
Macropodusini Hoedeman, 1948 (kempvissen / Kampffische und Makropoden / fighting fishes):
Betta Bleeker, 1849; Macropodus La Cepède, 1801; Malpulutta Deraniyagala, 1937;
Parosphromenus Bleeker, 1877; Pseudosphromenus Bleeker, 1879; Trichopsis Canestrini, 1860.
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Freshwater fish classification
Pleuronectiformes sensu Chen, Bonillo & Lecointre, 2003 (carangimorphs) {age 78 Ma} [or
Carangiformes, suborders tentative]
POLYNEMOIDEI (DRAADVINVERWANTEN / FEDERFLOSSENVERWANDTE / FÄDLER / POLYNEMOID FISHES)
Polynemidae Rafinesque, 1815 (draadvinnen / Federflossenfische / Fadenflosser / threadfins) {>19 Ma
Early Miocene / Burdigalian} [this family includes not listed marine genera]: Eleutheronema Bleeker,
1862; Leptomelanosoma Motomura & Iwatsuki, 2001; Parapolynemus Feltes, 1993; Polydactylus La
Cepède, 1803; Polynemus Linnaeus, 1758.
CARANGOIDEI (HORSMAKREELVERWANTEN / BASTAARDMAKREELVERWANTEN / STACHELMAKRELEVERWANDTE /
CARANGOID FISHES / JACKS & POMPANOS) {>71 Ma late Cretaceous; age 75 Ma}
Toxotidae Bleeker, 1859 (schuttervissen / Schützenfische / archerfishes / blowgun fishes / blowpipe
fishes) {>49 Ma Lutetian; age 55 Ma}: Toxotes Cloquet, 1816.
Centropomidae Poey, 1867 (zeesnoeken / Riesenbarsche / snooks / robalos) {>49 Ma Ypresian; age
58 Ma}
Centropominae (zeesnoeken / Riesenbarsche / snooks / robalos): Centropomus La Cepède, 1802.
Latinae Jordan, 1888 (reuzebaarzen / Süßwasser-Riesenbarsche / giant perches) {>49 Ma late
Ypresian} [this subfamily includes a not listed marine genus]: Lates Cuvier, 1828.
PLEURONECTOIDEI (PLATVISSEN / SCHOLLENVERWANDTE / PLATTFISCHE / FLOUNDERS) sensu
Chanet, 2003
{>56 Ma Ypresian; age 54 Ma} [this suborder contains a marine superfamily Psettodoidea]
Soleoidea
“Tephrinectes clade” (primitieve platvissen / primitive flounders / Primitiv-Plattfische / Chinese brills):
Tephrinectes Günther, 1862.
Achiridae Rafinesque, 1815 (Amerikaanse tongen / Schollen / American soles) {>5 Ma Pliocene} [this
family includes not listed marine genera]: Achirus La Cepède, 1802; Apionichthys Kaup, 1858;
Catathyridium Chabanaud, 1928; Hypoclinemus Chabanaud, 1928; Trinectes Rafinesque, 1832.
Rhombosoleidae Regan, 1910 (Zuidpacifische platvissen / Südpazifische Flundern / South Pacific
flounders / rhombosoleids) [this family includes not listed marine genera]: Rhombosolea Günther, 1862.
Cynoglossidae Jordan, 1888 (hondstongen / Hundszungen / tongue soles / tonguefishes) [this family
includes a not listed marine subfamily]
Cynoglossinae (hookedsnout tongue soles) [this subfamily includes a not listed marine genus]:
Cynoglossus Hamilton, 1822.
Soleidae Bonaparte, 1833 (tongen / Zungen / soles) {>49 Ma Lutetian} [this family includes not listed
marine genera]: Achiroides Bleeker, 1851; Brachirus Swainson, 1839; Dagetichthys Stauch & Blanc,
1964; Leptachirus Randall, 2007; Pardachirus Günther, 1862; Synclidopus Chabanaud, 1943.
Pleuronectoidea
Bothidae Smitt, 1892 (grieten / botten / Butten / lefteye flounders / sand flounders / brills) {>56 Ma
Ypresian} [this family includes not listed marine genera, uncertain family status, probably polyphyletic]:
Citharichthys Bleeker, 1862; Paralichthys Girard, 1858; Pseudorhombus Bleeker, 1862.
Pleuronectidae Rafinesque, 1815 (platvissen / schollen / Rechtsaugenflundern / Schollen / righteye
flounders) {>38 Ma Early Oligocene} [this family includes not listed marine subfamilies]
Pleuronectinae (botten en schollen / true flounders) [this subfamily includes not listed marine tribes]
Pleuronectini {>25 Ma Miocene} [this tribe includes not listed marine genera]: Kareius Jordan &
Snyder, 1900; Liopsetta Gill, 1864; Platichthys Girard, 1854; Pleuronectes Linnaeus, 1758.
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Richard van der Laan: Freshwater Fish List 3-1-2016
8a series:
OVALENTARIA sensu Smith & Near, 2012 (fishes with demersal, adhesive eggs) {age 94
Ma}
Superorders: Cichlomorphae + Atherinomorphae + Mugilomorphae + Blenniomorphae
superorder: CICHLOMORPHAE
Cichliformes {>46 Ma Early Eocene; age 94 Ma}
Polycentridae Gill, 1858 (Afrikaanse en Zuidamerikaanse bladvissen / Afrikanische und
Südamerikanische Blattfische / Afro-American leaffishes): Afronandus Meinken, 1955; Monocirrhus
Heckel, 1840; Polycentropsis Boulenger, 1901; Polycentrus Müller & Troschel, 1849.
Cichlidae Bonaparte, 1835 (cichliden / Buntbarsche / cichlids) {>45 Ma Early Eocene / Eocene; age 57–
60 Ma} [some subfamilies / tribes / subtribes tentative]
Etroplinae Kullander, 1998 (Indische & Malagasische cichliden / Indische und Madagaskar
Buntbarsche / Malagasy and South Asian cichlids / Indian & Madagascan cichlids) {age 36-50 Ma}:
Etroplus Cuvier, 1830; Paretroplus Bleeker, 1868; Pseudetroplus Bleeker, 1862.
Ptychochrominae Sparks, 2004 (Malagasische cichliden / Madagaskar Buntbarsche / Malagasy
cichlids / ptychochromines) {age 38-48 Ma}: Katria Stiassny & Sparks, 2006; Oxylapia Kiener &
Maugé, 1966; Paratilapia Bleeker, 1868; Ptychochromis Steindachner, 1880; Ptychochromoides
Kiener & Maugé, 1966.
Pseudocrenilabrinae Fowler, 1934 (Afrikaanse cichliden / Afrikanische Buntbarsche / African
cichlids) {>45 Ma Bartonian; age 44-60 Ma}
Heterochromidini Kullander, 1998 (primitieve Afrikaanse cichliden / primitive african cichlids) {>23
Ma Early Miocene or ? Oligocene; age 60 Ma }: Heterochromis Regan, 1922.
Tylochromini Poll, 1986 (tylochromins) {>38 Ma Early Oligocene; age 29–56 Ma}: Tylochromis
Regan, 1920.
“Hemichromis clade” (cichliden van West- en Centraal-Afrika / West- und Zentral-afrikanische
Cichliden / West and Central African cichlids) (hemichromins) {age 38–56 Ma}: Anomalochromis
Greenwood, 1985; Hemichromis Peters, 1858.
“Pelmatochromis clade” (pelmatochromins) {age 30–40 Ma}: Pelmatochromis Steindachner, 1894;
Pterochromis Trewavas, 1973.
“Chromidotilapia clade” (chromidotilapiine cichliden / West-Afrikaanse dwergcichliden /
Chromidotilapiinen Cichliden / chromidotilapiins) {age 38–40 Ma}: Benitochromis Lamboj, 2001;
Chromidotilapia Boulenger, 1898; Congochromis Stiassny & Schliewen, 2007; Divandu Lamboj &
Snoeks, 2000; Enigmatochromis Lamboj, 2009; Limbochromis Greenwood, 1987; Nanochromis
Pellegrin, 1904; Parananochromis Greenwood, 1987; Pelvicachromis Thys van den Audenaerde,
1968; Teleogramma Boulenger, 1899; Thysochromis Daget, 1988.
Etiini Dunz & Schliewen, 2013 {age 28-35 Ma}: Etia Schliewen & Stiassny, 2003.
Oreochromini Dunz & Schliewen, 2013 (muilbroedende tilapias / Maulbrütende Tilapien /
mouthbrooding tilapiins) {>23 Ma Early Miocene; age 16-21 Ma}: Alcolapia Thys van den
Audenaerde, 1969; Danakilia Thys van den Audenaerde, 1969; Iranocichla Coad, 1982; Konia
Trewavas, 1972; Myaka Trewavas, 1972; Oreochromis Günther, 1889; Pungu Trewavas, 1972;
Sarotherodon Rüppell, 1852; Stomatepia Trewavas, 1962; Tristramella Trewavas, 1942.
Coptodonini Dunz & Schliewen, 2013: Coelotilapia Dunz & Schliewen, 2013; Coptodon Gervais,
1853; Gobiocichla Kanazawa, 1951; Heterotilapia Thys van den Audenaerde, 1969.
Pelmatolapiini Dunz & Schliewen, 2013: Pelmatolapia Thys van den Audenaerde, 1969.
Tilapiini Hoedeman, 1947 (tilapiins)
Tilapiina: Chilochromis Boulenger, 1902; Congolapia Dunz, Vreven & Schliewen, 2012; Tilapia
Smith, 1840.
Steatocranina Dunz & Schliewen, 2013: Steatocranus Boulenger, 1899.
Bathybatini Poll, 1986 {age 7–8 Ma}: Bathybates Boulenger, 1898; Hemibates Regan, 1920;
Trematocara Boulenger, 1899.
Boulengerochromini Takahashi, 2003 (reuzencichliden / Riesenbuntbarsche / giant cichlids) {age
7–8 Ma}: Boulengerochromis Pellegrin, 1904.
Lamprologini Poll, 1986 {age 7–8 Ma}: Altolamprologus Poll, 1986; Julidochromis Boulenger,
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Freshwater fish classification
1898; Lamprologus Schilthuis, 1891; Lepidiolamprologus Pellegrin, 1904; Neolamprologus
Colombé & Allgayer, 1985; Telmatochromis Boulenger, 1898; Variabilichromis Colombé &
Allgayer, 1985.
Cyprichromini Poll, 1986 (haringcichliden / sardine cichlids) {age 5 Ma}: Cyprichromis
Scheuermann, 1977; Paracyprichromis Poll, 1986.
Perissodini Poll, 1986 (schubbeneters / scale-eating cichlids / lepidophagous cichlids) {age 5 Ma}:
Haplotaxodon Boulenger, 1906; Perissodus Boulenger, 1898.
Benthochromini Takahashi, 2003 {age 5 Ma}: Benthochromis Poll, 1986.
Cyphotilapiini Takahashi, 2003 {age 5 Ma}: Cyphotilapia Regan, 1920, Trematochromis Poll,
1987.
Limnochromini Poll, 1986 {age 5 Ma}: Baileychromis Poll, 1986; Greenwoodochromis Poll, 1983;
Limnochromis Regan, 1920; Reganochromis Whitley, 1929; Tangachromis Poll, 1981;
Triglachromis Poll & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1974.
Ectodini Poll, 1986 (veervincichliden / featherfins) {age 5 Ma}: Aulonocranus Regan, 1920;
Callochromis Regan, 1920; Cunningtonia Boulenger, 1906; Cyathopharynx Regan, 1920; Ectodus
Boulenger, 1898; Gnathochromis Poll, 1981; Grammatotria Boulenger, 1899; Lestradea Poll, 1943;
Ophthalmotilapia Pellegrin, 1904; Xenotilapia Boulenger, 1899.
Eretmodini Staeck, 1977 (brandingscichliden / Grundelbuntbarsche / goby cichlids) {age 7–8 Ma}:
Eretmodus Boulenger, 1898; Spathodus Boulenger, 1900; Tanganicodus Poll, 1950.
“Orthochromis clade” (grondelcichliden / Malagarasi River cichlids) {age 5–6 Ma}: Orthochromis
Greenwood, 1954.
Pseudocrenilabrini (haplochromine cichlids) {? Pliocene; age 5–6 Ma}
“Haplochromis pectoralis clade” {age 5–6 Ma}: Ctenochromis Pfeffer, 1893.
Pseudocrenilabrina (tipspotted-analfin haplochromins) {age 5 Ma}: Pseudocrenilabrus Fowler,
1934.
“Schwetzochromis clade” (serranochromins / Angola, Congo & South African haplochromins /
Congolese haplochromines & serranochromine flock) {age 4 Ma}: Chetia Trewavas, 1961;
Cyclopharynx Poll, 1948; Pharyngochromis Greenwood, 1979; Sargochromis Regan, 1920;
Schwetzochromis Poll, 1948; Serranochromis Regan, 1920.
“Astatoreochromis clade” sensu Salzburger et al., 2005 {age 4 Ma}: Astatoreochromis Pellegrin,
1904.
Tropheina Poll, 1986 (Lake Tanganyika haplochromins) {age 3–4 Ma}: Interochromis Yamaoka,
Hori & Kuwamura, 1999; Limnotilapia Regan, 1920; Lobochilotes Boulenger, 1915; Petrochromis
Boulenger, 1898; Pseudosimochromis Nelissen, 1977; Simochromis Boulenger, 1898; Tropheus
Boulenger, 1898.
Haplochromina Hoedeman, 1947 (modern haplochromins / Maternale Maulbrüter / maternal
mouthbrooders / ocellated eggspot Haplochromini) {age 4 Ma}
“Lake Victoria region superflock clade” [lakes Victoria, Kyoga, Rukwa, Kivu, Albert, George,
Edward] & East African riverine species {age 4 Ma}: Astatotilapia Pellegrin, 1904;
Haplochromis Hilgendorf, 1888; Lithochromis Lippitsch & Seehausen, 1998; Mbipia Lippitsch &
Seehausen, 1998; Neochromis Regan, 1920; Pundamilia Seehausen & Lippitsch, 1998;
Pyxichromis Greenwood, 1980; Schubotzia Boulenger, 1914; Thoracochromis Greenwood,
1979.
“Lake Malawi species flock clade” {age 1–4 Ma}: Abactochromis Oliver & Arnegard, 2010;
Alticorpus Stauffer & McKaye, 1988; Aristochromis Trewavas, 1935; Aulonocara Regan, 1922;
Buccochromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989; Caprichromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989;
Champsochromis Boulenger, 1915; Chilotilapia Boulenger, 1908; Copadichromis Eccles &
Trewavas, 1989; Corematodus Boulenger, 1897; Ctenopharynx Eccles & Trewavas, 1989;
Cyathochromis Trewavas, 1935; Cynotilapia Regan, 1922; Cyrtocara Boulenger, 1902;
Dimidiochromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989; Diplotaxodon Trewavas, 1935; Docimodus
Boulenger, 1897; Exochochromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989; Fossorochromis Eccles &
Trewavas, 1989; Genyochromis Trewavas, 1935; Gephyrochromis Boulenger, 1901;
Hemitaeniochromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989; Hemitilapia Boulenger, 1902; Iodotropheus
Oliver & Loiselle, 1972; Labeotropheus Ahl, 1926; Labidochromis Trewavas, 1935; Lethrinops
Regan, 1922; Lichnochromis Trewavas, 1935; Maylandia Meyer & Foerster, 1984;
Melanochromis Trewavas, 1935; Mchenga Stauffer & Konings, 2006; Mylochromis Regan,
1920; Naevochromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989; Nimbochromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989;
Nyassachromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989; Otopharynx Regan, 1920; Pallidochromis Turner,
1994; Petrotilapia Trewavas, 1935; Placidochromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989; Protomelas
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Richard van der Laan: Freshwater Fish List 3-1-2016
Eccles & Trewavas, 1989; Pseudotropheus Regan, 1922; Rhamphochromis Regan, 1922;
Sciaenochromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989; Stigmatochromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989;
Taeniochromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989; Taeniolethrinops Eccles & Trewavas, 1989;
Tramitichromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989; Trematocranus Trewavas, 1935; Tropheops
Trewavas, 1984; Tyrannochromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989.
Cichlinae (Amerikaanse cichliden / Amerikanische Buntbarsche / Neotropical cichlids / American
cichlids) {>40 Ma Eocene; age 29-63 Ma}
Cichlini (pauwoogbaarzen / Pfauenaugenbarsche / peacock basses) {>23 Ma Miocene; age 47
Ma}: Cichla Bloch, 1801.
Retroculini Kullander, 1998 (stroomversnelling-aardeters / Retroculine Buntbarsche / retroculins /
cataract earth-eaters) {? >23 Ma Miocene; age 47-58 Ma}: Retroculus Eigenmann & Bray, 1894.
Astronotini Hoedeman, 1947 (oscars) {age 60 Ma}: Astronotus Swainson, 1839.
Chaetobranchini Fernández-Yépez, 1951 (kieuwzeefcichliden / Chaetobranchine Cichliden /
chaetobranchine cichlids) {age 18 Ma}: Chaetobranchopsis Steindachner, 1875; Chaetobranchus
Heckel, 1840.
Geophagini Haseman, 1911 (geophagins) {>49 Ma Early Eocene; age 52 Ma}
Geophagina (Geophagine Cichliden / geophagine cichlids / microgeophagins & crenicaratins &
geophagins) {>49 Ma Early Eocene}: Biotodoma Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903; Crenicara
Steindachner, 1875; Dicrossus Steindachner, 1875; Geophagus Heckel, 1840; Gymnogeophagus
Miranda Ribeiro, 1918; Mikrogeophagus Meulengracht-Madsen, 1968.
“apistogrammins & guianacarins clade” (Zuid-Amerikaanse dwergcichliden / dwarf cichlids):
Apistogramma Regan, 1913; Guianacara Kullander & Nijssen 1989; Mazarunia Kullander, 1990;
Satanoperca Günther, 1862; Taeniacara Myers, 1935.
Acarichthyina Kullander, 1998 (Acarichthyine Cichliden): Acarichthys Egenmann 1912;
Biotoecus Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903.
Crenicichlina Fernández-Yépez, 1951 (snoekcichliden / Hechtcichliden / Crenicichline Cichliden
/ crenicichline cichlids / pike cichlids) {>23 Ma Miocene}: Crenicichla Heckel, 1840; Teleocichla
Kullander, 1988.
Cichlasomatini Kullander, 1998 (cichlasomins) {>42 Ma Eocene; age 42 Ma}
Cichlasomatina: Aequidens Eigenmann & Bray, 1894; Cichlasoma Swainson, 1839; Krobia
Kullander & Nijssen, 1989.
“andinoacarins & nannacarins clade” (andinoacarine cichlids & nannacarine cichlids) {age >19
Ma}: Acaronia Myers, 1940; Andinoacara Musilová, Říčan & Novák, 2009; Bujurquina Kullander,
1986; Cleithracara Kullander & Nijssen, 1989; Ivanacara Römer & Hahn, 2006; Laetacara
Kullander, 1986; Nannacara Regan, 1905; Rondonacara Ottoni & Mattos, 2015; Tahuantinsuyoa
Kullander, 1986.
Heroini Kullander, 1998 (herosachtige cichliden / Heroine Cichliden / heroins) {>49 Ma Early
Eocene; age 40 Ma} [Therapsini?]:
Heroina (grote Zuid-Amerikaanse cichliden / South American heroins): Heros Heckel, 1840;
Hoplarchus Kaup 1860; Hypselecara Kullander, 1986; Mesonauta Günther, 1862; Pterophyllum
Heckel, 1840; Symphysodon Heckel, 1840; Uaru Heckel, 1840.
Therapsina Allgayer, 1989 (noordelijke Midden-Amerikaanse cichliden / Northern Central
American cichlids / astatheroins / herichthyins) {age 16 Ma}: Astatheros Pellegrin, 1904;
Chiapaheros McMahan & Piller, 2015; Cincelichthys McMahan & Piller, 2015; Herichthys Baird &
Girard, 1854; Herotilapia Pellegrin, 1904; Kihnichthys McMahan & Matamoros, 2015; Maskaheros
McMahan & Piller, 2015; Mesoheros McMahan & Chakrabarty, 2015; Nosferatu De la MazaBenignos et al., 2015; Oscura McMahan & Chakrabarty, 2015; Paraneetroplus Regan, 1905;
Rheoheros McMahan & Matamoros, 2015; Theraps Günther, 1862; Thorichthys Meek, 1904;
Tomocichla Regan, 1908; Trichromis McMahan & Chakrabarty, 2015; Vieja Fernández-Yépez,
1969.
“Australoheroins clade” (zuidelijke cichliden / southern cichlids): Australoheros Říčan &
Kullander, 2006.
Archocentrina Allgayer, 2001 (zuidelijke Midden-Amerikaanse cichliden / Southern Central
American cichlids & Caribbean Island cichlids): Amatitlania Schmitter-Soto, 2007; Amphilophus
Agassiz, 1859; Archocentrus Gill, 1877; Caquetaia Fowler, 1945; Cryptoheros Allgayer, 2001;
Hypsophrys Agassiz, 1859; Nandopsis Gill, 1862; Parachromis Agassiz, 1859; Petenia Günther,
1862.
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Freshwater fish classification
superorder: ATHERINOMORPHAE {>55 Ma Ypresian; age 77 Ma} [= Atherinea (Atheriniformes) +
Cyprinodontea (Beloniformes + Cyprinodontiformes)]
Atheriniformes (KOORNAARVISACHTIGEN / ÄHRENFISCHARTIGE / SILVERSIDES) sensu Dyer & Chernoff,
1996 {age 71 Ma}
ATHERINOPSOIDEI (NIEUWE WERELD KOORNAARVISVERWANTEN / NEUWELTLICHE ÄHRENFISCHVERWANDTE /
ATHERINOPSOID FISHES)
Atherinopsidae Fitzinger, 1873 (koornaarvissen van de nieuwe wereld / Neuweltliche Ährenfische /
New World silversides) {age 37 Ma} [this family includes the not listed marine subfamily Notocheirinae]
Atherinopsinae (neotropische koornaarvissen / neotropical silversides) {age 27 Ma} [this subfamily
includes a not listed marine tribe]
Sorgentinini Pianta de Risso & Risso, 1953 (Zuidamerikaanse koornaarvissen /
Südamerikanische Ährenfische / Southamerican silversides): Basilichthys Girard, 1855;
Odontesthes Evermann & Kendall, 1906.
Menidiinae Schultz, 1948 (koornaarvissen van de Golf van Mexico / Gulf of México silversides) {age
27 Ma} [this subfamily includes the not listed marine genus Melanorhinus]: Labidesthes Cope, 1870;
Membras Bonaparte, 1836; Menidia Bonaparte, 1836; Xenomelaniris Schultz, 1948.
ATHERINOIDEI (OUDE WERELD KOORNAARVISVERWANTEN / ALTWELTLICHE ÄHRENFISCHVERWANDTE /
ATHERINOID FISHES)
Phallostethidae Regan, 1916 (dwergaarvissen / Zwergährenfische / phallostethids)
Dentatherininae Patten & Ivantsoff, 1983 (grijptandkoornaarvissen / Fangzahn-Ährenfische / tusked
silversides): Dentatherina Patten & Ivantsoff, 1983.
Phallostethinae (keelphallusvissen / dwergaarvissen / Kehlphallusfische / priapum fishes)
Phallostethini: Phallostethus Regan, 1913; Phenacostethus Myers, 1928.
Neostethini Aurich, 1937: Neostethus Regan, 1916.
Gulaphallini Aurich, 1937: Gulaphallus Herre, 1925.
Atherinidae Risso, 1827 (koornaarvissen / Altweltliche Ährenfische / old world silversides) {>56 Ma
Ypresian}
Atherinomorinae Dyer & Chernoff, 1996 (zilverflanken) [this subfamily includes not listed marine
genera]: Alepidomus Hubbs, 1944; Atherinomorus Fowler, 1903; Teramulus Smith, 1965.
Atherininae: Atherina Linnaeus, 1758; Atherinason Whitley, 1934; Atherinosoma Castelnau, 1872;
Kestratherina Pavlov, Ivantsoff, Last & Crowley, 1988; Leptatherina Pavlov, Ivantsoff, Last & Crowley,
1988.
Craterocephalinae Dyer & Chernoff, 1996 (Australische koornaarvissen / Australian silversides) {age
79 Ma} [this subfamily includes a not listed marine genus]: Craterocephalus McCulloch, 1912;
Sashatherina Ivantsoff & Allen, 2011.
Bleheratherininae Aarn & Ivantsoff, 2009 (Nieuw-Caledonische koornaarvissen / New Caledonian
silversides): Bleheratherina Aarn & Ivantsoff, 2009.
Bedotiidae Jordan & Hubbs, 1919 (Malagasische regenboogvissen / Madagaskar-Ährenfische /
Malagasy rainbowfishes) {age 52 Ma}: Bedotia Regan, 1903; Rheocles Jordan & Hubbs, 1919.
Melanotaeniidae Gill, 1894 (regenboogvissen / Regenbogenfische / rainbowfishes) {age 52 Ma}
Iriatherininae Aarn & Ivantsoff, 1997 (sluierregenboogvissen / Prachtregenbogenfische / threadfin
rainbowfishes): Iriatherina Meinken 1974.
Melanotaeniinae (regenboogvissen / Regenbogenfische / regenboogzalmen): Chilatherina Regan,
1914; Glossolepis Weber, 1907; Melanotaenia Gill, 1862; Pelangia Allen, 1998; Rhadinocentrus
Regan, 1914.
“Cairnsichthys clade” (Queensland regenboogvissen / Queensland Regenbogenfische / Queensland
rainbowfishes): Cairnsichthys Allen, 1980.
Pseudomugilidae Kner, 1867 (blauwoogjes / Blauaugen / blue-eyes) {age 52 Ma}
Pseudomugilinae: Kiunga Allen, 1983; Pseudomugil Kner, 1866.
Scaturiginichthyinae Ivantsoff, Unmack, Saeed & Crowley, 1991: Scaturiginichthys Ivantsoff,
Unmack, Saeed & Crowley, 1991.
Telmatherinidae Munro, 1958 (Celebes-regenboogvissen / Celebes-zeilvissen / Sonnenstrahlfische /
Celebes-Regenbogenfische / sailfin silversides / Celebes rainbowfishes) {age 19 Ma}: Kalyptatherina
Saeed & Ivantsoff, 1991; Marosatherina Aarn, Ivantsoff & Kottelat, 1998; Paratherina Kottelat, 1990;
Telmatherina Boulenger, 1897; Tominanga Kottelat, 1990.
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Beloniformes (GEEPACHTIGEN / HORNHECHTARTIGE / BELONIFORM FISHES) {age 71 Ma}
ADRIANICHTHYOIDEI (RIJSTVISVERWANTEN / SCHAUFELKÄRPFLINGVERWANDTE / ADRIANICHTHYOID FISHES)
Adrianichthyidae Weber, 1913 (rijstvisjes / Sulawesische rijstvisjes / schoffeltandkarpers /
Reiskärpflinge / Schaufelkärpflinge / adrianichthyids / medakas / ricefishes) {>25 Ma Miocene}:
Adrianichthys Weber, 1913; Oryzias Jordan & Snyder, 1906.
EXOCOETOIDEI (GEEPVERWANTEN / HORNHECHTVERWANDTE / EXOCOETOID FISHES / BELONOID FISHES)
{age
44 Ma}
Exocoetoidea (vliegendevisverwanten)
Hemiramphidae Gill, 1859 (bastaardgepen / halfsnavelbekken / Halbschnäbler / halfbeaks) {>49 Ma
Lutetian; age 44 Ma} [= ? Exocoetidae; this family includes not listed marine genera]: Arrhamphus
Günther, 1866; Hyporhamphus Gill, 1859; Melapedalion Fowler, 1934; Rhynchorhamphus Fowler, 1928.
Belonoidea
Zenarchopteridae Fowler, 1934 (internbevruchtende bastaardgepen / Halbschnäbler mit inneren
Begattung / internally fertilized halfbeaks / freshwater halfbeaks / livebearer halfbeaks) {age 44 Ma}:
Dermogenys Kuhl & van Hasselt, 1823; Hemirhamphodon Bleeker, 1865; Nomorhamphus Weber & de
Beaufort, 1922; Tondanichthys Collette, 1995; Zenarchopterus Gill, 1864.
Belonidae Bonaparte, 1835 (gepen / Hornhechte / needlefishes / green gars) {>49 Ma Lutetian} [this
family includes not listed marine subfamilies]
Beloninae [this subfamily includes not listed marine genera]: Belonion Collette, 1966; Dorybelone
Fowler, 1944; Potamorrhaphis Günther, 1866; Pseudotylosurus Fernández-Yépez, 1948.
Strongylurinae Fowler, 1925 [this subfamily includes not listed marine genera]: Strongylura Broié,
1824; Xenentodon Regan, 1911.
Cyprinodontiformes (TANDKARPERACHTIGEN / ZAHNKÄRPFLINGARTIGE / TOOTHED CARPS) sensu
Rosen & Parenti, 1981 {>59 late Paleocene; age 72–90 Ma}
APLOCHEILOIDEI (PRACHTTANDKARPERVERWANTEN / PRACHTKÄRPFLINGVERWANDTE / APLOCHEILOID FISHES)
sensu Parenti, 1981 {>6 Ma Upper Miocene; age 72–90 Ma}
Aplocheiloidea (aplocheilides)
Aplocheilidae Bleeker, 1859 (tandkarpers van de oude wereld / Altweltliche Zahnkärpflinge / Asian
rivulines / aplocheilids / Panchax family) {age 72–90 Ma}: Aplocheilus McClelland, 1838; Pachypanchax
Myers, 1933.
Nothobranchioidea (nothobranchiides)
Nothobranchiidae Garman, 1895 (prachttandkarpers / Prachtkärpflinge / Old World rivulins / African
rivulines) {age 72–90 Ma}
Nothobranchiinae (prachtvaandragers / Prachtkärpflinge) {age 40 Ma}
Nothobranchiini: Fundulosoma Ahl, 1924; Nothobranchius Peters, 1868; Pronothobranchius
Radda, 1969.
Aphyosemini Huber, 2000 (poeljuwelen): Aphyosemion Myers, 1924; Foerschichthys Scheel &
Romand, 1981; Fundulopanchax Myers, 1924.
Adamansini Huber, 2007: Fenerbahce Özdikmen et al., 2006.
Epiplatinae Huber, 2000 {age 40 Ma}
Epiplatini (snoekjes / Hechtlinge / panchax’s): Epiplatys Gill, 1862.
Callopanchini Huber, 2000 (roloffia’s / Roloffia-Arten / Upper Guinean killies / callopanchacins):
Archiaphyosemion Radda, 1977; Callopanchax Myers, 1933; Nimbapanchax Sonnenberg &
Busch, 2009; Scriptaphyosemion Radda & Pürzl, 1987.
′Rivulidae′ Myers, 1925 (Amerikaanse tandkarpers / Amerikanische Zahnkärpflinge / New World
rivulines / rivulid killifishes)
Kryptolebiatinae Costa, 2004 (primitive rivulines): Kryptolebias Costa, 2004.
Cynolebiinae Hoedeman, 1961 (parelkillivissen / Fächerfische / pearl killifishes / cynolebiasines)
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Freshwater fish classification
{age 14 Ma}
Cynolebiini (parelvissen / pearlfishes / cynolebiatins / cynolebiasins) {age 13 Ma}: Austrolebias
Costa, 1998; Cynolebias Steindachner, 1876; Hypsolebias Costa, 2006; Nematolebias Costa,
1998; Ophthalmolebias Costa, 2006; Simpsonichthys Carvalho, 1959; Spectrolebias Costa &
Nielsen, 1997; Xenurolebias Costa, 2006.
Cynopoecilini Costa, 1990 (dwergparelvissen / Zwergfächerfische / dwarf pearlfishes /
cynopoecilins) {age 13 Ma}: Campellolebias Vaz-Ferreira & Sierra, 1974; Cynopoecilus Regan,
1912; Leptolebias Myers, 1952; Mucurilebias Costa, 2014; Notholebias Costa, 2008.
Rivulinae (beektandkarpers / Bachlinge / rivulines) [tribes / subtribes tentative]
Rivulini (rivulins): Laimosemion Huber, 1999; Prorivulus Costa, 2004; Rivulus Poey, 1860.
Plesiolebiini Costa, 1990 (plesiolebiatins / plesiolebiasins): Maratecoara Costa, 1995;
Papiliolebias Costa 1998; Pituna Costa, 1989; Plesiolebias Costa, 1989; Stenolebias Costa, 1995.
“melanorivuline clade”: Anablepsoides Huber, 1992; Atlantirivulus Costa, 2008; Cynodonichthys
Meek, 1904; Melanorivulus Costa, 2006.
Rachoviini Costa, 1990 (rachoviines) {age 18 Ma}: Gnatholebias Costa, 1998; Llanolebias Hrbek
& Taphorn, 2008; Micromoema Costa, 1998; Millerichthys Costa, 1995; Moema Costa, 1989;
Neofundulus Myers, 1924; Pterolebias Garman, 1895; Rachovia Myers, 1927; Renova Thomerson
& Taphorn, 1995; Terranatos Taphorn & Thomerson, 1978; Trigonectes Myers, 1925.
CYPRINODONTOIDEI (TANDKARPERVERWANTEN / ZAHNKARPFENVERWANDTE / CYPRINODONTOID FISHES)
sensu Parenti, 1981 {>59 late Paleocene}
Valencioidea (valenciides) {>34 Ma Lower Oligocene}
Valenciidae Parenti, 1981 (Zuid-Europese tandkarpertjes / Südeuropäische Kärpflinge / Valencia
toothcarps / European killifishes / valenciids): Valencia Myers, 1928.
Funduloidea (fundulides)
Fundulidae Günther, 1866 (killivissen / Kärpflinge / topminnows & killifishes / fundulid killifishes) {>14
Ma Middle Miocene / Langhian; age 37 Ma}: Fundulus La Cepède, 1803; Leptolucania Myers, 1924;
Lucania Girard, 1859.
Cyprinodontidae Wagner, 1828 (Eierleggende tandkarpers / Eierlegende Zahnkärpflinge / pupfishes)
{>34 Ma Oligocene / Rupelian}
Cubanichthyinae Parenti, 1981: Cubanichthys Hubbs, 1926; Yssolebias Huber, 2012.
Orestiadinae Bleeker, 1859 (Andes tandkarpers / Südamerikanische Hochlandkärpflinge /
Andenkärpflinge): Orestias Valenciennes, 1839.
Cyprinodontinae
Aphaniini Hoedeman, 1949 {>25 Ma Miocene}: Aphanius Nardo, 1827.
Cyprinodontini {>7 Ma late Miocene; age 20 Ma}: Cualac Miller, 1956; Cyprinodon La Cepède,
1803; Floridichthys Hubbs, 1926; Garmanella Hubbs, 1936; Jordanella Goode & Bean, 1879;
Megupsilon Miller & Walters, 1972.
Profundulidae Hoedeman & Bronner, 1951 (Midden-Amerikaanse killivissen / Mittelamerikanische
Kärpflinge / Middle American killifishes) {age 26 Ma}: Profundulus Hubbs, 1924; Tlaloc Álvarez &
Carranza, 1951.
Goodeidae Jordan & Gilbert, 1883 (hooglandtandkarpers / Zwischenkärpflinge / splitfins / goodeids)
{>14 Ma Middle Miocene}
Empetrichthyinae Jordan, Evermann & Clark, 1930 (Noord-Amerikaanse poeltandkarpers /
Nordamerikanische Quellkärpflinge / springfishes) {>14 Ma Middle Miocene; age 12 Ma}: Crenichthys
Hubbs, 1932; Empetrichthys Gilbert, 1893.
Goodeinae (Mexicaanse tandkarpers / Hochlandkärpflinge / goodeines) {>11 Ma late Miocene; age
11,5 Ma}
Characodontini Regan, 1907 {age 10,5 Ma}: Characodon Günther, 1866.
Ilyodontini Doadrio & Domínguez, 2004 {age 9,5 Ma}: Allodontichthys Hubbs & Turner, 1939;
Ilyodon Eigenmann, 1907; Xenotaenia Turner, 1946.
Girardinichthyini Hubbs & Turner, 1939 {age 9 Ma}: Allotoca Hubbs & Turner, 1939;
Girardinichthys Bleeker, 1860; Neotoca Hubbs & Turner, 1939; Skiffia Meek, 1902.
Goodeini {age 8 Ma}: Ataeniobius Hubbs & Turner, 1939; Goodea Jordan, 1880.
Chapalichthyini Doadrio & Domínguez, 2004 {age 7 Ma}: Alloophorus Hubbs & Turner, 1939;
Ameca Miller & Fitzsimons, 1971; Chapalichthys Meek, 1902; Xenoophorus Hubbs & Turner, 1939;
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Xenotoca Hubbs & Turner, 1939; Zoogoneticus Meek, 1902.
Poecilioidea
Anablepidae Bonaparte, 1831 {>25 Ma Miocene}
Oxyzygonectinae Parenti, 1981: Oxyzygonectes Fowler, 1916.
Anablepinae (Vieraugen und Linienkärpflinge / four-eyed fishes and onesided livebearers / four-eyed
fishes and jenynsiids): Anableps Scopoli, 1777; Jenynsia Günther, 1866.
Poeciliidae Bonaparte, 1831 (poeciliids) {>59 Ma Thanetian; age 37–77 Ma}
Aplocheilichthyinae Myers, 1928 (brakwaterlichtoogjes / Brackwasser Leuchtaugenkärpflinge /
brackish-water lampeyes / banded lampeyes): Aplocheilichthys Bleeker, 1863.
Procatopodinae Fowler, 1916 (lichtoogvisjes / Leuchtaugenkärpflinge lampeyes) {>34 Ma Lower
Oligocene}
Fluviphylacini Roberts, 1970 (Amerikaanse lichtoogjes / Amerikanische Leuchtaugenkärpflinge /
American lampeyes): Fluviphylax Whitley, 1965.
Procatopodini (Afrikaanse lichtoogvisjes / Afrikanische Leuchtaugenkärpflinge / African lampeyes)
{>34 Ma Lower Oligocene}: Aapticheilichthys Huber, 2011; Hylopanchax Poll & Lambert, 1965;
Hypsopanchax Myers, 1924; Laciris Huber, 1981; Lacustricola Myers, 1924; Lamprichthys Regan,
1911; Micropanchax Myers, 1924; Pantanodon Myers, 1955; Plataplochilus Ahl, 1928;
Platypanchax Ahl, 1928; Poropanchax Clausen, 1967; Procatopus Boulenger, 1904;
Rhexipanchax Huber, 1999.
Poeciliinae (eilevendbarende tandkarpers / levendbarende tandkarpers / Lebendgebärende
Zahnkärpflinge / livebearers / poeciliines / gambusinos) {age 44–77 Ma}
Xenodexiini Hubbs, 1950 (Guatemala tandkarpertjes / Guatemalan poeciliins) {age 68 Ma]:
Xenodexia Hubbs, 1950.
Tomeurini Eigenmann, 1912 (eileggende tandkarpertjes / Eierkärpflinge / facultative viviparous
poeciliins): Tomeurus Eigenmann, 1909.
Cnesterodontini Hubbs, 1924: Cnesterodon Garman, 1895; Phalloceros Eigenmann, 1907;
Phalloptychus Eigenmann, 1907; Phallotorynus Henn, 1916.
Poeciliini (poeciliins) {age 30 Ma}: Acanthophacelus Eigenmann, 1907; Limia Poey, 1854;
Micropoecilia Hubbs, 1926; Pamphorichthys Regan, 1913; Poecilia Bloch, 1801.
Girardinini Hubbs, 1924 (Cubaanse tandkarpertjes / Kubanische Zahnkärpflinge / Cuban
topminnows) {age 44–77 Ma}: Dactylophallus Howell Rivero & Rivas, 1944; Girardinus Poey,
1854; Glaridichthys Garman, 1896; Quintana Hubbs, 1934; Toxus Eigenmann, 1903.
Heterandriini Hubbs, 1924 {age 44–77 Ma} [subtribes tentative]
Heterandriina: Heterandria Agassiz, 1853; Poeciliopsis Regan, 1913; Pseudopoecilia Regan,
1913.
Scolichthyina Rosen, 1967: Neoheterandria Henn, 1916; Scolichthys Rosen, 1967;
Xenophallus Hubbs, 1924.
Alfarina Hubbs, 1924: Alfaro Meek, 1912; Pseudoxiphophorus Bleeker, 1859.
Priapichthyina Lucinda & Reis, 2005: Priapichthys Regan, 1913.
Brachyrhaphina Lucinda & Reis, 2005: Brachyrhaphis Regan, 1913; Phallichthys Hubbs, 1924.
Priapellini Ghedotti, 2000: Priapella Regan, 1913.
Gambusiini Gill, 1889: Belonesox Kner, 1860; Carlhubbsia Whitley, 1951; Gambusia Poey, 1854;
Xiphophorus Heckel, 1848.
superorder: MUGILOMORPHAE {age 90 Ma}
Mugiliformes (HARDERACHTIGEN / MEERÄSCHENARTIGE / MULLETS) sensu Wainwright et al., 2012
Embiotocidae Agassiz, 1853 (surfbaarzen / brandingsbaarzen / Brandungsbarsche / Strandfische /
surfperches) {>5 Ma late Miocene} {age 12 Ma} [this family includes not listed marine subfamilies]
Embiotocinae (Tulebarsche / embiotocines) [this subfamily includes not listed marine genera]:
Cymatogaster Gibbons, 1854; Hysterocarpus Gibbons, 1854.
Pomacentridae Bonaparte, 1831 (rifbaarzen / anemoonvissen / Riffbarsche / Demoisellen /
damselfishes) {age 137? Ma} [this family includes not listed marine subfamilies]
Stegastinae Cooper, Smith & Westneat, 2009 (primitive damselfishes) [this subfamily includes not
listed marine genera]: Stegastes Jenyns, 1840.
Pomacentrinae [this subfamily includes a not listed marine tribe]
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Freshwater fish classification
Pomacentrini [this tribe includes not listed marine genera]: Neopomacentrus Allen, 1975.
Ambassidae Klunzinger, 1870 (glasbaarzen / Glasbarsche / glass perches / glass perchlets / Asiatic
glassfishes) {>86 Ma Santonian; age 87 Ma} [this family includes not listed marine genera]: Ambassis
Cuvier, 1828; Chanda Hamilton, 1822; Denariusa Whitley, 1948; Gymnochanda Fraser-Brunner, 1955;
Paradoxodacna Roberts, 1989; Parambassis Bleeker, 1874; Tetracentrum Macleay, 1883.
Mugilidae Jarocki, 1822 (harders / Meeräschen / grey mullets) {>38 Ma Priabonian; age 44 Ma}
Myxinae Whitley 1951: Myxus Günther, 1861; Neomyxus Steindachner, 1878.
Mugilinae: Agonostomus Bennett, 1832; Cestraeus Valenciennes, 1836; Chaenomugil Gill, 1863;
Mugil Linnaeus, 1758.
Rhinomugilinae Xia, Durand & Fu 2016
Trachystomaini Xia, Durand & Fu 2016 (Australische harders): Aldrichetta Whitley, 1945;
Gracilimugil Whitley, 1941; Trachystoma Ogilby, 1888.
Rhinomugilini Xia, Durand & Fu 2016: Rhinomugil Gill, 1863.
Squalomugilini Xia, Durand & Fu 2016: Ellochelon Whitley, 1930; Plicomugil Schultz, 1953;
Squalomugil Ogilby, 1908.
Crenimugilini Xia, Durand & Fu 2016 (Indo-Pacifische harders / Indo-Pacific mullets): Crenimugil
Schultz, 1946; Osteomugil Luther, 1982; Paramugil Ghasemzadeh, Ivantsoff & Aarn, 2004.
“Chelon clade“: Chelon Artedi, 1793; Neochelon Durand et al., 2012; Oedalechilus Fowler, 1903;
Parachelon Durand et al., 2012; Planiliza Whitley, 1945; Pseudomyxus Durand et al., 2012.
superorder: BLENNIOMORPHAE
Blenniiformes (SLIJMVISACHTIGEN / SCHLEIMFISCHARTIGE / BLENNIIFORM FISHES) sensu Wainwright et
al., 2012 {age 82 Ma} [suborders tentative]
BLENNIOIDEI (SLIJMVISVERWANTEN / SCHLEIMFISCHVERWANDTE / BLENNIOID FISHES / TROPICAL BLENNIOIDS)
sensu Springer, 1993 {>49 Ma Lutetian} [relationship of the suborder uncertain]
Blenniidae Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1810 (naakte slijmvissen / Schuppenlose Schleimfische / blennies)
{>49 Ma Lutetian}
Blenniinae (kamtand-slijmvissen / Kammzahnschleimfische / combtooth blennies) [this subfamily
includes not listed marine genera]
Blenniini (rotsspringertjes / rockhoppers): Lupinoblennius Herre, 1942; Salaria Forskål, 1775.
Omobranchini Springer, 1968 (brandingsslijmvissen / Brandungschleimfische / tide blennies):
Haptogenys Springer, 1972; Omobranchus Valenciennes, 1836; Omox Springer, 1972.
Nemophini Kaup, 1858 (sabeltand-slijmvissen / Säbelzahnschleimfische / sabertoothed blennies):
Meiacanthus Norman, 1944.
Phenablenniini Springer & Smith-Vaniz, 1972: Phenablennius Springer & Smith-Vaniz, 1972.
Salariinae Gill, 1859 [this subfamily includes not listed marine genera]: Hypsoblennius Gill, 1861;
Salarias Cuvier, 1816.
GOBIESOCOIDEI (SCHILDBUIKEN / SCHILDVISSEN / ZUIGVISVERWANTEN / SCHILDBAUCHVERWANDTE /
SCHILDFISCHE / GOBIESOCOID FISHES) sensu Patterson & Rosen, 1989
Gobiesocidae Bleeker, 1859 (zuigvissen / Schildbäuche / Ansauger / clingfishes) [this family includes
not listed marine genera]
Gobiesocinae: Gobiesox La Cepède, 1800.
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Eupercaria [systematic position of the families uncertain]
Gerreidae Bleeker, 1859 (mojarra’s / mojarras / silverbiddies) {>56 Ma Ypresian} [this family includes
not listed marine genera]: Diapterus Ranzani, 1842; Eucinostomus Baird & Girard, 1855; Eugerres
Jordan & Evermann, 1927; Gerres Quoy & Gaimard, 1824.
Haemulidae Gill, 1885 (grunts) {>86 Ma Santonian} [this family includes a not listed marine subfamily]
Haemulinae (diklipvissen / sweetlips) [this subfamily includes not listed marine genera]: Orthopristis
Girard, 1858; Pomadasys La Cepède, 1802.
Lutjanidae Gill, 1861 (snappers / Schnapper / snappers and fusiliers) {>49 Ma Lutetian} [this family
includes not listed marine subfamilies]
Lutjaninae (lutjanines) {age 35 Ma} [this subfamily includes not listed marine genera]: Lutjanus
Bloch, 1790.
Monodactylidae Jordan & Evermann, 1898 (zilverbladvissen / bladvinnigen / Flossenblätter /
Silberflossenblätter / moonies / fingerfishes / moonfishes / butterfly-fishes / batfishes / kitefishes) {>49
Ma Lutetian} [this family includes a not listed marine genus]: Monodactylus La Cepède, 1801.
Moronidae Jordan & Evermann, 1896 (zeebaarzen / Weißbarsche / striped basses / white basses) {>49
Ma Lutetian / Eocene} [this family includes a not listed marine genus]: Dicentrarchus Gill, 1860; Morone
Mitchill, 1814.
Scatophagidae Gill, 1883 (argusvissen / Argusfische / scats / spadefishes) {>49 Ma Lutetian}:
Scatophagus Cuvier, 1831; Selenotoca Myers, 1936.
Sciaenidae Cuvier, 1829 (trommelvissen / ombervissen / Umberfische / Krächser / Trommlerfische /
croakers and drums) {>28 Ma Chattian / Miocene; age 27 Ma} [this family includes not listed marine
subfamilies]
Sciaeninae {>23 Ma Miocene; age 27 Ma} [this subfamily includes not listed marine genera]:
Aplodinotus Rafinesque, 1819; Leiostomus La Cepède, 1802; Sciaenops Gill, 1863.
Pachyurinae Sasaki, 1989 (Zuidamerikaanse trommelvissen / Südamerikanische Umberfische /
Southamerican croakers) {>23 Ma Miocene; age 21 Ma}: Pachypops Gill, 1861; Pachyurus Agassiz,
1831; Petilipinnis Casatti, 2002.
Stelliferinae Darovec, 1983 {>23 Ma Miocene; age 22 Ma} [this subfamily includes not listed marine
genera]: Bairdiella Gill, 1861; Stellifer Oken, 1817.
Micropogoniinae Sasaki, 1989 {>23 Ma Miocene}: Micropogonias Bonaparte, 1831.
Cynoscioninae Trewavas, 1962 [this subfamily includes a not listed marine tribe]
Cynoscionini {>23 Ma Miocene} [this tribe includes not listed marine genera]: Cynoscion Gill,
1861; Plagioscion Gill, 1861.
Kathalini Lal Mohan, 1972 [this tribe includes not listed marine genera]: Boesemania Trewavas,
1977.
Otolithoidinae Lal Mohan, 1972: Sciaenoides Blyth, 1860.
Otolithinae Gill, 1861 (weak fishes / queen fishes) [this subfamily includes not listed marine tribes]
Bahabini Chu, Lo & Wu, 1963: Bahaba Herre, 1935.
Argyrosomini Chu, Lo & Wu, 1963 [this tribe includes not listed marine genera]: Protonibea
Trewavas, 1971.
Pseudotolithini Trewavas, 1962: Pseudotolithus Bleeker, 1863.
Nibeini Trewavas, 1977 [this tribe includes not listed marine genera]: Aspericorvina Fowler, 1934;
Dendrophysa Trewavas, 1964; Nibea Jordan & Thompson 1911.
Johniini Bleeker, 1876: Johnius Bloch, 1793.
Sillaginidae Richardson, 1846 (witte sillago-baarzen / witte baarzen / Weißbarsche / sillagos / whitings /
smelt-whitings) [this family includes a not listed marine genus]: Sillaginops Kaga, 2013; Sillaginopsis
Gill, 1861, Sillago Cuvier, 1816.
119
Freshwater fish classification
Uranoscopiformes (HEMELKIJKERS / STERRENKIJKERS / HIMMELSGUCKER / STERNGUCKER /
STARGAZERS) sensu
Betancur-R. et al., 2013 {age 87 Ma}
URANOSCOPOIDEI (STERRENKIJKERSVERWANTEN / HIMMELSGUCKERVERWANDTE / URANOSCOPOID FISHES)
Leptoscopoidea
Cheimarrichthyidae Regan, 1913 (stroomversnellingsbaarzen / Nieuwzeelandse krokodilvissen / torrent
perches / New Zealand torrentfishes) {>28 Ma Chattian}: Cheimarrichthys Haast, 1874.
Spariformes (ZEEBRASEMACHTIGEN / BRASSENARTIGE / SPARIFORM FISHES) {age 75 Ma}
LOBOTOIDEI (TIJGERBAARSVERWANTEN / TIGERBARSCHEVERWANDTE / LOBOTOID FISHES)
Datnioididae Fowler, 1931 (tijgerbaarzen / Tigerbarsche / tigerperches) [= ? Lobotidae Gill, 1861]:
Datnioides Bleeker, 1854.
SPAROIDEI (ZEEBRASEMVERWANTEN / BRASSENVERWANDTE / SPAROID FISHES)
sensu Carpenter & Johnson,
2002
Sparidae Rafinesque, 1818 (zeebrasems / Brassen / seabreams / porgies) {>56 Ma Ypresian} [this
family includes not listed marine genera]: Acanthopagrus Peters, 1855; Archosargus Gill, 1865;
Lagodon Holbrook, 1855; Rhabdosargus Fowler, 1933; Sparus Linnaeus, 1758.
Tetraodontiformes (KOGELVISACHTIGEN / VASTKAKIGEN / HAFTKIEFER / KUGELFISCHARTIGE /
TETRAODONTIFORM FISHES / PLECTOGNATHS)
sensu Betancur-R. et al., 2013 {>83 Ma lower Campanian;
age 77–94 Ma}
TETRAODONTOIDEI (KOGELVISVERWANTEN / VASTKAKIGEN / HAFTKIEFER / KUGELFISCHVERWANDTE /
TETRAODONTOID FISHES) sensu Santini & Tyler, 2003 {>50 Ma Ypresian; age 70 Ma}
Tetraodontidae Bonaparte, 1831 (kogelvissen / Kugelfische / Vierzähner / puffers / blowfishes / globefishes) {>35 Ma Lower Oligocene; age 35–52 Ma} [this family includes not listed marine genera]
“Takifugu clade” (Pacifische kogelvissen / Pazifik-Kugelfische / Pacific puffers) {age 26 Ma}: Marilyna
Hardy, 1982; Takifugu Abe, 1950.
Tetraodontinae {age 34 Ma}
Colomesini Gill, 1884 (Atlantische kogelvissen / Atlantische Kugelfische / Atlantic puffers) {age 31
Ma}: Colomesus Gill, 1884; Lagocephalus Swainson, 1839; Sphoeroides Anonymous, 1798.
Tetraodontini (Afrikaanse en Aziatische kogelvissen / Afrikanische und Asiatische Kugelfische /
African and Asian puffers) {age 20 Ma}: Auriglobus Kottelat, 1999; Carinotetraodon Benl, 1957;
Chelonodontops Smith, 1958; Chonerhinos Bleeker, 1854; Dichotomyctere Duméril, 1855; Leiodon
Swainson, 1839; Pao Kottelat, 2013; Tetraodon Linnaeus, 1758.
120
Richard van der Laan: Freshwater Fish List 3-1-2016
Centrarchiformes (ZONNEBAARSACHTIGEN / SONNENBARSCHARTIGE / CENTRARCHIFORM FISHES) {>35
Ma late Eocene-Oligocene; age 61 Ma} sensu Betancur-R. et al., 2014
PEMPHEROIDEI
Lateolabracidae (Aziatische zeebaarzen / Aziatische zaagbaarzen / Asian basses / Asian seaperches):
Lateolabrax Bleeker, 1857.
TERAPONTOIDEI
Kuhliidae Jordan & Evermann, 1896 (dwergbaarzen / Kuhlien / Flaggenbarsche / flagtails / aholeholes /
mountain basses) {>56 Ma Ypresian}: Kuhlia Gill, 1861.
Terapontidae Richardson, 1842 (tijgervissen / tijgerbaarzen / Tigerfische / Grunzbarsche / teraponperches / terapon-grunters) {>28 Ma Chattian} [this family includes not listed marine genera]: Amniataba
Whitley, 1943; Bidyanus Whitley, 1943; Datnia Cuvier, 1829; Hannia Vari, 1978; Hephaestus De Vis,
1884; Lagusia Vari, 1978; Leiopotherapon Fowler, 1931; Pingalla Whitley, 1955; Scortum Whitley, 1943;
Syncomistes Vari, 1978; Terapon Cuvier, 1816; Variichthys Allen, 1993.
PERCALATOIDEI
Clade ?: Percalates Ramsay & Ogilby, 1887.
PERCICHTHYOIDEI
Percichthyidae Jordan & Eigenmann, 1890 (primitieve baarzen / zaagbaarzen / Dorschbarsche /
primitive perches / temperate perches) {>59 Ma Thanetian; age 61 Ma} [maybe this family includes not
listed marine genera, the family is polyphyletic]: Bostockia Castelnau, 1873; Gadopsis Richardson,
1848; Guyu Pusey & Kennard, 2001; Maccullochella Whitley, 1929; Macquaria Cuvier, 1830;
Nannatherina Regan, 1906; Nannoperca Günther, 1861; Percichthys Girard, 1855; Percilia Girard, 1855.
CENTRARCHOIDEI
Centrarchidae Bleeker, 1859 (zonnebaarzen / Sonnenbarsche / sunfishes and freshwater basses) {>35
Ma late Eocene-Oligocene; age 54 Ma}
Elassomatinae Jordan, 1877 (dwergzonnebaarzen / Zwergbarsche / Zwergschwarzbarsche / pygmy
sunfishes / dwarf sunfishes) {age 43 Ma}: Elassoma Jordan, 1877.
Centrarchinae {>16 Ma Miocene; age 43 Ma}: Acantharchus Gill, 1864; Ambloplites Rafinesque,
1820; Archoplites Gill, 1861; Centrarchus Cuvier, 1829; Enneacanthus Gill, 1864; Pomoxis
Rafinesque, 1818.
Lepominae Gill, 1864 {>16 Ma Miocene; age 23 Ma}: Lepomis Rafinesque, 1819; Micropterus La
Cepède, 1802.
Sinipercidae Jordan & Richardson, 1910 (Chinese zeesnoeken / Chinesische Riesenbarsche / Chinese
snooks) {>23 Ma Miocene; age 54 Ma}: Coreoperca Herzenstein, 1896; Siniperca Gill, 1862.
121
Freshwater fish classification
Perciformes (BAARSACHTIGEN / BARSCHARTIGE / PERCHLIKE FISHES / PERCIFORM FISHES) {>84 Ma
Campanian}
PERCOIDEI (BAARSVERWANTEN / BARSCHVERWANDTE / PERCOID FISHES)
sensu Smith & Craig, 2007 {>7184 Ma Maastrichtian / Campanian}
Percidae Rafinesque, 1815 (zoetwaterbaarzen / Echte Barsche / perches) {>34 Ma Rupelian}
Percinae {age 20 Ma}: Gymnocephalus Bloch, 1793; Perca Linnaeus, 1758; Percarina Nordmann,
1840.
Luciopercinae Jordan & Evermann, 1896
Luciopercini (snoekbaarzen / Zander / pikeperches) {age 25 Ma}: Sander Oken, 1817.
Romanichthyini Dumitrescu, Bănărescu & Stoica, 1957 (Donau-baarzen / Donau-barsche /
Danube perches) {age 25 Ma}: Romanichthys Dumitrescu, Bănărescu & Stoica, 1957; Zingel
Cloquet, 1817.
Etheostomatinae Agassiz, 1850 (Amerikaanse zoetwaterbaarzen / springbaarzen / Amerikaanse
grondbaarzen / Amerikanische Barsche / darters & logperches): Ammocrypta Jordan, 1877;
Crystallaria Jordan & Gilbert, 1885; Etheostoma Rafinesque, 1819; Nothonotus Putnam, 1863;
Percina Haldeman, 1842.
NOTOTHENIOIDEI (IJSVISVERWANTEN / ANTARCTISCHE VISSEN / ANTARKTISFISCHVERWANDTE / ANTARCTIC
BLENNIES / NOTOTHENIOIDS) sensu Balushkin, 2000 {>66 Ma Danian, age 71Ma}
Pseudaphritidae McCulloch, 1929 (ijsvissen / catadromous icefishes / congollis) {age 45–65 Ma}:
Pseudaphritis Castelnau, 1872.
SCORPAENOIDEI (SCHORPIOENVISVERWANTEN / PANSERWANGEN / SCORPIONFISCHVERWANDTE /
PANZERWANGEN / DRACHENKOPFVERWANDTE / SCORPAENOID FISHES / SCORPIONFISHES) sensu
Imamura,
2004
Tetrarogidae Smith, 1949 (zeilvinschorpioenvissen / Wespenfische / Segelflossen-Scorpionfische /
waspfishes / sailback scorpionfishes) [this family includes not listed marine subfamilies, subfamilies
tentative]
Tetraroginae (Napoleonvissen) [this subfamily includes not listed marine genera]: Tetraroge
Günther, 1860.
Vespiculinae Mandrytsa, 2001 [this subfamily includes not listed marine genera]: Neovespicula
Mandrytsa, 2001; Trichosomus Swainson, 1839.
Centropogoninae Fowler, 1938 [this subfamily includes not listed marine genera]: Notesthes Ogilby,
1903.
GASTEROSTEOIDEI (STEKELBAARSVERWANTEN / STICHLINGSVERWANDTE / GASTEROSTEOID FISHES) sensu
Johnson & Patterson, 1993 {>71 Ma Maastrichtian; age 161 Ma }
Gasterosteidae Bonaparte, 1831 (stekelbaarzen / Stichlinge / sticklebacks) {>16 Ma Middle Miocene}
[this family includes a not listed marine genus]: Apeltes DeKay, 1842; Culaea Whitley, 1950;
Gasterosteus Linnaeus, 1758; Pungitius Coste, 1848.
COTTOIDEI (DONDERPADVERWANTEN / GROPPENVERWANDTE / COTTOID FISHES)
sensu Imamura & Yabe,
2002
Cottidae Bonaparte, 1831 (donderpadden / Groppen / sculpins) {>34 Ma Rupelian}: Abyssocottus Berg,
1906; Asprocottus Berg, 1906; Batrachocottus Berg, 1903; Cephalocottus Gratzianov, 1907; Clinocottus
Gill, 1861; Comephorus La Cepède, 1800; Cottinella Berg, 1907; Cottocomephorus Pellegrin, 1900;
Cottopsis Girard, 1850; Cottus Linnaeus, 1758; Cyphocottus Sideleva, 2001; Leocottus Taliev, 1955;
Leptocottus Girard, 1854; Limnocottus Berg, 1906; Megalocottus Gill, 1861; Mesocottus Gratzianov,
1907; Myoxocephalus Tilesius, 1811; Neocottus Sideleva, 1982; Paracottus Taliev, 1949; Procottus
Gratzianov, 1902; Trachidermus Heckel, 1837; Uranidea DeKay, 1842.
122
Richard van der Laan: Freshwater Fish List 3-1-2016
CHAPTER THREE REFERENCES IN THE FRESHWATER FISH LIST
Aqualog 1: Glaser sen. & Glaser 1995,
Aqualog Loricariidae all L-Numbers
Aqualog 2: Glaser sen. & Glaser 1996a,
Aqualog Southamerican Cichlids I
Aqualog 3: Glaser sen. & Glaser 1996b,
Aqualog Southamerican Cichlids II
Aqualog 4: Glaser sen., Schäfer & Glaser
1996a, Aqualog All Corydoras
Aqualog 5: Glaser sen., Schäfer & Glaser
1996b, Aqualog Southamerican Cichlids III
Aqualog 6: Schäfer 1997, Aqualog All
Labyrinths
Aqualog 7: Seegers 1997a, Aqualog Killifishes
of the World Old World Killis I
Aqualog 8: Seegers 1997b, Aqualog Killifishes
of the World Old World Killis II
Aqualog 9: Kempkes & Schäfer 1998, Aqualog
All Livebearers and Halfbeaks
Aqualog 12: Schraml 1998, Aqualog African
Cichlids I (Malawi, Mbuna)
Aqualog 13: Hieronimus 2002, Aqualog All
Rainbows and related families
Aqualog 14: Seegers 2000, Aqualog Killifishes
of the World New World Killis
Aqualog 15: Ross & Schäfer 2000, Aqualog
Süßwasser Rochen / Freshwater Rays
Aqualog 16: Ebert 2001, Aqualog The Puffers
of Fresh and Brackish Waters
Aqualog 17: Schraml 2005, Aqualog African
Cichlids III Malawi II Kaiserbuntbarsche /
Peacocks
Aqualog 18: Schäfer 2004, Aqualog Polypterus
Flösselhechte / Bichirs
Aqualog 19: Schupke 2003, Aqualog
Buntbarsche des Tanganjikasees, Teil 1: Die
Arten der Gattung Tropheus
Aqualog 21: Schraml & Schäfer 2004, Aqualog
Loricariidae alle L-Welse / all L-Numbers
Aquarien Atlas → Riehl & Baensch 1982
Aquarien Atlas Band 2 → Baensch & Riehl
1985
Aquarien Atlas Band 3 → Riehl & Baensch
1991
Aquarien Atlas Band 4 → Baensch & Riehl
1995
Aquarien Atlas Band 5 → Baensch 1997
Aquarien Atlas Band 6 → Baensch & Evers
2002
Axelrod’s Atlas → Axelrod, Burgess, Pronek &
Walls 1989
Ciclidi Africani → Ciardi, R. (ed.) 1987
Die Buntbarsche Amerikas Band 1 →
Stawikowski & Werner 1998
Die Buntbarsche Amerikas Band 2 →
Koslowski 2002
Die Buntbarsche Amerikas Band 3 →
Stawikowski & Werner 2004
Exotic Tropical Fishes → Axelrod, Emmens,
Sculthorpe, Vorderwinkler, Socolof & Pronek 1967
HMR → Holly, Meinken & Rachow 1934 - 1967
L-Nummern DATZ Special → Stawikowski, Werner
& Seidel 2004
Südamerikanische Zwergcichliden DATZ
Sonderheft → Stawikowski, Koslowski & Bohnet
2005
Wels Atlas Band 1 → Evers & Seidel 2002
Wels Atlas Band 2 → Seidel & Evers 2005
Aguirre, R. et al. 2011, La Guyane Franҫaise et ses
Cichlidés, Éditions de l’Association France Cichlid,
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Ahl, E. 1932, Verzeichnis der Aquarienfische in
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203 pp.
Ahl, E. 1937, Über die Fische der Gattung Rasbora
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Allen, G. R. 1989, Freshwater fishes of Australia, T.
F. H. Publications, Neptune City, US, 240 pp.
Allen, G. R. 1995, Rainbowfishes in nature and in the
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Allen, G. R., K. G. Hortle & S. J. Renyaan 2000,
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Allen, G. R., S. H. Midgley & M. Allen 2002, Field
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Almirón, A. E., Casciotta, J. R., Ciotek, L. &
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Amiet, J.-L. 1987, Le genre Aphyosemion Myers /
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Cyprinodontiformes) (Faune du Cameroun), Sciences Nat, Compiègne, FR, 262 pp.
Angel, F. 1946, Petit Atlas des Poissons IV,
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Anna Mercy, T. V., A. Gopalakrishnan, D. Kapoor
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Meinken, H. 1932, Importrückblick 1932 in
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