Team time: a model for developing self‐directed work teams

Distinguishes two different forms of team: the han and the self‐directed work team. The main differences between these forms relate to autonomy and the number of hierarchical levels. Argues that the ideal typical conditions under which both forms flourish are different. Whereas the han form is typically applied in a highly repetitive production process in a country with a number of specific national conditions, namely Japan, the self‐directed work team seems preferable in a dynamic environment in western countries. Implementing and developing such teams is by no means an automatic process. Presents a heuristic model to guide these processes.