lew trends in SI jamming

lelt-diagnostic car electronics

low to build your own robot
I
/
HOW IT WORKS:
LASER VIDEODISC
.
How to identify unmarked Ie's
Anti-negative feedback for hi-fi
Build your own digital do-nothing
BUILD THIS
HI-FI NOISE REDU
o
I
71896 48783
uMtv ..S...... COUNUI
Built for your budget, the Model 7000 Is a micro-processor con-
trolled reciprocal universal counter. It Is capable of measuring
both input signal frequency and period over the full 5Hz to 80
MHz range In one second with six digit resolution. The autorang-
Ing unit has both frequency and multiple period averaging
measurement capability. Its microprocessor executes the
optimum measurement and displays the desired format, fre-
quency or period.
1. High resolution, IJ,P controlled reciprocal count ing design
provides both input signal frequency and period measurements.
2. 80 MHz frequency measurement plus event counting to 1 bll-
ONLV$
lion and elasped time measurement from 100 IJ,S to 10
3. Single function knob for easier operation and bull
testing confidence test circuit.
Its ease of operation, versatility and accuracy make the Model
7000 an ideal instrument for the hobbyist, technician or
engineer. The Model 7000 can also be ordered with a
temperature-compensated oscillator for applications where
higher accuracy Is needed.
See your Triplett distributor. Mod Center or representative for .a
free no-obligation demonstration. Triplett Corp., Bluffton, Ohio
45817. (419) 358-5015, TWX (810) 490-2400.
Triplett performance ... a tough act to follow
eTR IP LET T
.... ",n.nN.1' 1'1' I'n :rlnNI.r-.lAI\ _
Bone
Fone
Clone
If you thought the Bone
Fane was great, wait
until you hear what's new.
Here's the latest on the
Bone Fane spin-offs.
It started with the Bone Fone. And this very
unusual stereo system has created a whole
new series of products.
The Bone Fone is an AM/FM stereo radio
that drapes around your neck like a scarf. Two
speakers, placed near your ears, not only
provide excellent stereo separation, but
vi brate slightly through your bones to give you
the same sensation as standing in front of your
home stereo system.
UNEXPECTED APPLICATIONS
Shortly after it was introduced, the Bone
Fone became a very popular product for a
variety of reasons. A lady in Helena, Montana
who bought the unit for her son told us, "it's
made a signif icant contribution to my sanity.
No more rock n' roll blasting through the
house, the sound goes where my son goes."
A jogger in Rowlett, Texas wrote us
" Amazing separation, fantastic stereo re-
sponse, helps my jogging tremendously. I
wasn't really expecting this type of quality
through a magazine ad at this price."
But one of the most unexpected letters
came from a man in Belle Center, Ohio. "You
don't have to be young and jog to enjoy Bone
Fone. You see, I'm 73 years old. I just sit and
listen."
LETTERS EVERYWHERE
Letters have come from mailmen, roller
skaters, skiers, cyclists, motrocycle enthusi-
asts, hikers and even peopl e who listen to the
Bone Fone stereo while walking their dog. The
Bone Fone appeals to practi cally every
American.
The Bone Fone was designed by an engi-
neer who wanted to listen to good stereo
music without carrying heavy box radios or
bulky headphones. Headphones block out all
other sounds-even warnings which could be
dangerous outdoors, and box radios are
heavy and disturb those around you. So he
invented the Bone Fone-"the stereo sound
you wear around."
Weighing only 17 ounces and powered by
4AA cell batteries the Bone Fone stereo pro-
vides a sound that would be impossible to
describe in an advertisement. The cliche,
" you've got to hear it to believe it," certainly
applies here. And for $69.95 it's the lowest
priced stereo entertainment product available.
But what about the sport enthusiast who can
care less about stereo music? Or the person
who wants justthe news? Or simply the person
that just listens to AMradio and doesn' t want to
spend $69.95?
The Bone Fone drapes around your neck like
a scarf and has a sound that you find incred-
ible when you first hear it.
Enter NUTS! NUTS is the AM version of the
Bone Fone for sports nuts, news nuts, jogging
nuts or anybody who wants a low cost Bone
Fone without FM or stereo. NUTS sells for
$39.95 complete with two speakers and a
strap that firmly attaches the unit to you for any
physical activity.
Sitting at a football game, walking your dog,
jogging-NUTS v ~ s you a convenient way to
listen to music, news and sports without
paying a premium for stereo.
But the Bone Fone spinoffs don't end there.
There's the Neck Fone-a device you place
over your shoulders and plugs into your home
stereo system. This lets you enjoy your home
stereo without disturbing those around you
and without the bulk of headphones. The Neck
Fone sells for $34.95.
So there you have it. Three exciting
products-Bone Fone, NUTS, and the Neck
Fone-three unusual solutions designed to
solve any gift-giving problem.
LOWEST-PRICED STEREO
Compare the Bone Fone price with any
box radio, stereo system or even the new$200
Sony Walkman. The Bone Fone is the lowest-
priced quality personal stereo system you can
buy. It is also safer than headphones as it
leaves you free to hear the sounds around you
and keeps you in touch with the environment.
To order any of the above products, simply
send your check or money order for the
amount listed above plus $2.50 for postage
and handling (III. residents add 6% sales tax)
to the address below, or credit card buyers
may call our toll-free number below. Each unit
is backed by a 90-day limited warranty and a
service-by-mail facility as close as your mail-
box. Service should rarely be required as the
units use solid-state components and are
designed to take rugged treatment. JS&A is
America's largest single source of space-age
products-further assurance that your modest
investment is well protected.
The Bone Fone started a small revolution.
Be part of that revolution with the space-age
way to listen to music, news and sports. Order
a Bone Fone product at no obligation, today.
Dept.RA OneJS&A Plaza
Northbrook, 111.60062 (312) 564-7000
Call TOLL-FREE 800 323-6400
In illinois Call ...... . (312) 564-7000
JS&A Group,lnc.,1980
...
co
00
...
1
True RMS capability
at an affordable price
Now you can measur e the exact power content
of any signal- regardless of waveform. Beckman
del ivers the new TECHTM330 multimeter with
true RMS capability and many more fine
performance feat ures for just $210.
Unlike most multimeters calibr ated to read only
the true power content of sine waves , the
TECH 330 extends its true RMS capability to
give you accurate readings of both sine and
non-sine waveforms .
True RMS makes a significant difference in
accuracy when measuring switching power
supp lies, fiyback power circuits, SCR or TRIAC
controlled power supplies or any other circu it
generating a non-sine signal.
The TECH 330 also accur ately measures the
entire audio ba nd up to 20 kHz. But that' s
not all you can expect from Beckman's
top-of-the-line multimeter.
Measurement Compa rison Chart
Wavef orms
Average
Beck man Correel
(Peak = 1 Volt)
Responding
TECH 330 Reading
Mei er
Sine Wave

O.707V O.707V O.707V
Full Wave Rectified Sine Wave
O.298V O.7DlV O.lD7V
o r'VV'.'\rv',"r'VV'.
Half Wave Rectified Sine Wave
O.382V O.500V O.500V

Square Wave
o J1JU1nJ1JU1.JUU
1.11QV 1.000V 1.00QV
Tri angular Sawtooth Wave
o I\fVV\.IVVV\/V'
O.545V O.577V O.577V
You also get 0.1% basic de accuracy, instant
continuity checks , 10 amp current ranges , a
separate diode test function, 22 megohm de input
impe dance, and an easy-to-use rotary switch .
With so much capability in hand, you'll be able
to depend on the TECH 330 for a long time.
That's why Beckman designed it tough enough
to go the distance.
Enclosed in a rugged water-resistant case, the
TECH 330 can take a 6-foot fall onto concrete and
still perform up to spec. And to further ensure
reliable, trouble-free operation, the TECH 330
gives you 1500 Vdc overload protection, RF
shielding, 2000 -hour battery life, gold switch
contacts, and fewer electronic components
to worry about.
Add another dimension to your world of
electronics. Visit your Beckman distributor today
for more informat ion on the TECH 330 and
Beckman's complete line of digita l multimeters,
starting at $120.
For your nearest distributor, or a free brochure:
CALL TOLL FREE
24 HOURS A DAY, 7 DAYS A WEEK
1-(800).821 7700 (ext. 517)
in Missouri 1-(800)-892-7655 (ext. 517)
BECKMAN
CIRCLE 47 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
allia-
Ile.la.i...
Electronics publishers since 1908
THE MAGAZINE FOR NEW
IDEAS IN ELECTRONICS
MARCH 1981 Vol. 52 No.3
SPECIAL FEATURE
BUILD THIS
TECHNOLOGY
VIDEO
RADIO
AUDIO
49 ELECTRONICS IN YOUR NEXT CAR
Microprocessors now make it possible for your car to tell you
what's wrong with it. Martin Bradley Weinst ein
41 AUDIO SIGNAL RESTORATION UNIT
Hear your records and tapes as you've never heard them
before. Joseph M. Gorin
60 DO-NOTHING BOX
Does "nothing" like you've never seen it done yet. Noel Nyman
63 UNICORN-1 ROBOT
The first step on the road to radio control.
James A. Gupton, Jr.
4 LOOKING AHEAD
Tomorrow's news today. David Lachenbruch
16 SATELLITE TV NEWS
The latest happenings in an exciting new industry .
Gary H. Arlen
55 IDENTIFYINGUNMARKED IC'S
Every Ie has a "s ignature" that sets it apart from other types.
An ohmmeter and a piece of paper will let you classify the
contents of your junk box. Kenneth H. Racorr
70 HOBBY CORNER
More on Light Mystery No.2, some reader ideas and some
reader questions. Earl "Doc" Savage, K4SDS
67 VIDEODISC SIGNAL PROCESSING
How laser videod isc signals are encoded and decoded.
Len Feldman
84 SERVICE CLINIC
About sweep-circuit timing problems. Jack Darr
86 SERVICE QUESTIONS
R-E's Service Editor solves technici ans' problems .
45 SHORT WAVE JAMMING DEVELOPMENTS
International broadcasts are still frequentl y plagued by
jamming. Here's what's happening now. Stanley Lelnwoll
76 COMMUNICATIONS CORNER
How to suppress harmonic radiati ons effectively.
Herb Friedman
52 ALTERNATE MEANS OF DISTORTIONREDUCTION
A new system for minimizing distort ion with out having to
resort to negative feedback. Len Feldman
ON THE COVER
The ASRU (Audio Signal Res-
toration Unit) is a combination
noise-reduction and signal-ex-
pander device that offers fea-
tures not even found on some
commercial units. Build one
yourself and hear things from
your records and tapes that
you never heard before. The
first part of this project begins
on page 41.
AND OUT HOW laser videodisc players
handle the complex signals Inscribed on
those shiny platters. The story starts
on page 67.
UNMARKED IC's can be a bargain. Learn
how to flnd out what's inside those plain
black packages on page 55.
24 Keithley Model 169 DMM
26 A P Products Hobby-Blox
32 Hlckock Model 216 Transistor Tester
36 Gold Line Model 1139 Power Supply
37 Sony ICF-6700W Receiver
EQUIPMENT
REPORTS
DEPARTMENTS 14 Advertising and Sales Offices
110 Advertising Index
90 Computer Market Center
14 Correction
111 Free Information Card
22 Letters
89 Market center
74 New Product s
80 Radio Products
6 What's News
Radil>-Electronlcs, (ISSN 0033-7862) Publ ished monthly
by Gernsback Publi cations. Inc.. 200 Park Avenue South.
New York. NY 10003. Controlled
Circul ation Postage Paid at Concord . NH. One-year sub-
scri ption rate: U.S.A. and U.S. possessions. $13.00.
Canada, $16.00. Other countries, $18.00. Single copies
$1.25. C 1981 by Gernsback Publications, Inc. All rights
reserved. Printed in U.S.A.
Sub scription Service: Mail all SUbscr iptio n orders.
cha nges. correspondence and Postmaster Not ices of
undeflvered copies (Form 3579) to Radio-Electr onics
Subscription Service . Box 2520. Boul der. CO 80322.
A stamped self -addres sed envelope must accompa ny
all submitted manuscripts and/o r artwork or phot o-
graphs if thei r return is desired should they be rejected.
We disclaim any respo nsibi l ity for the loss or damage of
manuscripts and/or artwork or photographs while in
our possess ion or otherwise.
AS a service to readers, Radil>-Eleclronlcs publishes available pl ans or Information relating to newswort hy products, techniques and scientific and technological developments.
Because of possible variances In the quality and condition of malerial s and worl<manship used by readers, Radio- Electronics disclai ms any respon sibility for the safe and proper
functioning of reader-built projects based upon or from plans or Information pUblished in thi s magazine.
...
CD
CD
...
3
en
o
z
o
a:
I-
o
W
...J
W
o
Ci
-c
a:
4
TYPEWRITER
WILL TRAVEL
HI-VI?
RCA'S DISC
LAUNCH
PROJECTION'S
CLEAN SWEEP
SPEED VIEWING
Combi ning high-densit y magnet ic recordin g, mini aturi zation and consumer-electronics design
principles, Sony has introduced what could be the forerunner of a major and basic new kind of
product - a noiseless, complete ly portabl e electronic typewriter. Son y' s Typecorder actually is
far more t han a typewriter. In a slim 8'/z X 11 X 1'/ 2 inches, weighing only t hree pounds, it
combines a word-processing terminal, a dictating machine and a stenot ype system. A built-in
microcassett e can store up to 120 pages of typed material and make sound recordings. There is a
40-charact er (half-line) LCD readout on the machine.
A port able printer makes the Typecorder a complete out-of-office typing system, or with
various peripherals, it can be integrat ed into word-processing systems. An interface lets it
operate any IBM Sel ectric typewriter, either directly or via phone line. Another accessory will
punch out a Tele x tape from its cassett e, or it can be interfaced as a remote terminal to any
word-proces sing system via a modem. The Typecorder will be available around midyear at
$1400. The port able printer accessory will be about $600 . Typecorder's debut marks Sony's
ent ry int o the office-equipment word-processing business. A new Sony line of word-processors is
geared to a new 3'/z-inch floppy-disk dr ive, with a recording density 1.47 times that of a
5.25-inch floppy disk . Son y' s Series-35 word-processing equipment also employs microcassettes
and is compatible wit h the Typecorder.
Is video the next wave in hi-fi? Apparentl y many audio manufacturers think so. Advent was the
first audio manufacturer to go int o video, through its VideoBeam projection system. Pioneer is
now making and selling the LaserDisc optical videodisc system and will add a vido projector.
Who' s next ? Well , Fisher will have a delu xe console cont aining audio equipment, an optical disc
player and Beta VCR, scheduled for next fall. And Sansui plans to bring out a VHD videodisc
player lat er thi s year, followed by a VCR. Superscope is expected to go into video under the
Marantz brand , possibl y bringing out both a projection TV set and a videodisc player. Advent
will add an optical videodi sc player, and both Kenwood and Aiwa are st udying possible entry into
t he video market in the U.S.
This is the month that RCA' s CED SelectaVision videodisc player makes its debut-scheduled
to go on sale the week of March 22 in 5,000 stores coast -to-coast , backed by a record advertising
campaign on television, in newspapers and magazines. RCA already has trained technicians in
1,000 company-owned and independent service shops. The number of players on hand for the
start of sale will be at least 20,000 and possibly as high as 30,000. The player will carry a
sugges ted list price of $499 .95, and the initial disc catalog will contain 100 titles, selling at
$14.9 8 to $27.98, but most of the discs will sell for under $20 with the highest-priced selections
cont aining more than one two-hour disc. Movies will be the mainst ay of RCA's first offerings,
alt hough there will also be classic TV shows, sports, and music, as well as children's and
educat ional selections. RCA says it will offer 25 new titles in May; 25 in September, and 10
monthl y thereafter. RCA' s disc-ad campaign will stress programming, simplicity of operation,
and low cost.
Project ion TV, too, is sweeping the American television indu str y, seven years after Advent
popularized t he first home color-proj ecti on system. Major holdout RCA has introduced a
single-piece t hree-tube unit, to be followed soon by Zenith, Magnavox, Sylvania and Curtis
Mathes, wit h giant-screen sets now ' fielded by virtually all American TV brands and most
Japanese ones. Sears Roebuck added its own projector late last year. Three-tube projection sets
are also being offered by GE, Sony, Quasar , Panasonic, Toshiba, MGA and Kloss Video, with
Hitac hi, Sanyo and Toshiba expected to come along soon. Sal es of specially built TV projectors
(as opposed to modifications of small-screen set s) tot aled about 28,000 in 1979, rising to nearl y
50,000 in 1980 and are expected to reach 75,000 thi s year.
With all of t he new video informati on sources available to us, will we soon be required to watch
and listen at a faster pace to take it all in? VSC Corporation thinks we will, and it is forecasting
that t he next gene ration of home VCR' s will incorporate its new variable speech- control IC
which per mits speeded-up audio wit hout a change in pitch. Although most VCR brands now
offer special-effects models that permi t high-speed viewing, all except JVC disable the audio .
One J VC model cont ains the VSC IC and allows watching and listening to programs at less time
than it took to record them. Just think of all the extra viewing you can do if you can watch 60
Minutes in 30.
DAVE LACHENBRUCH
CONTRIBUTING EDITOR
The hearing's as good as the
seeing.
Magnavision is designed to be
played through your home stereo
system so you hear what you see
in full high-fidelity stereophonic
sound. And since there is no disc
Magnavision is
Gourmet Video.
Videofor people who
knowand love video.
If you seek the ultimate in your I=!!!!!!!!I
electronic gear, Magnavox has
a bright idea for you called
Magnavision. It is Gour met
Video for the video gourmet.
A picture that's clearer than
tape and less costly, too.
Magnavision is an advanced
LaserVision"" videodisc player. Its
optica l laser scanner, a videodisc
and your TV set team up to give
you a picture that's amazingly
sharp and clear.
Even better, the Magnavision
picture remains this good even
after thousands of viewings. That's
because there is no direct contact
between our laser and the disc.
Unl ike your phonograph,
Magnavision doesn't use a needle.
C l 963 ALFRED J . HITCH COCK PRODUCT IONS. INC .
The brightest ideas in the world
are here to play.
wear, the Magnavision sound stays
crystal clear, playing after playing.
Studio-like controllability puts
you in command of the action.
Now the real fun begins. You not
only watch and hear Magnavision.
You play with it, too. Reverse, Slow
Motion, Still, Fast Forward, Search,
Numerical Index, Stereo Sound.
Only LaserVision systems like
Magnavision let you watch and
play so many different ways.
Watch what you want whenever
you want.
With Magnavision, you have a
complete library of MCA
DiscoVision programming to
choose from. Blockbuster movies
like The Electric Horseman.
Classic films like The Bride of
Frankenstein. Cooking lessons by
Julia Child. Documentaries from
Jacques Cousteau. How-to-do-it
tennis, golf , swimming and crafts.
Music, concerts, cartoons, the arts
and NFL football.
Discover Gourmet Video today.
Call tol l-free 800-447-4700 for the
Magnavision dealer nearest you.
In Illinois, call 800-322-4400.
C 1981 MAGN AVOX CONSUMER ELECTRONI CS CO
CIRCLE 48 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
.,
""hat:s "e""s
Allocated territories
for Tronics 2000
Troni cs 2000-a new nationwide fran-
chising organization designed to give the
independent service shop owner the pres-
tige that small business proprietors in other
fi elds have achieved through nat ional fran-
chise organi zations-has sold its first three
territories, dur ing its first three weeks of
oper at ion.
Robert P. Neal, of Able Electronics, Wau-
kegan, IL, has purchased a master fran-
cont inued on page J2
Power savings for UHF TV
A committee of nineteen Public Televi -
sion engineers have reported that the effi-
ciency of UHF stations using klystron trans -
mitting tubes can be increased to make a
power saving of nearly 50 percent with no
decrease in output, or with a considerable
increase in output if input power is main-
tained. The statement was backed up with
a 67-page report describing experiments at
several television stat ions and with a trans-
mitter manufacturer.
One of the techniques is to cut the beam
perveance, reduci ng beam current whi le
raising the voltage to maintain the same
output power. Another is to pulse the mod-
ulation anode -the element in a klystron
that corresponds most closely to the grid in
a triode tube -during the TV sync periods.
That increases eff iciency notably. In effect ,
the power of the tube is increased during
the sync pulses.
Greater efficiency was also achieved by
using a system of tuning, or "alignment "
developed by the BBC, and now used by
most European stations. A significant
amount of power was also saved by cutting
the ratio of audio to video power from the
conventional 20 to 10 percent and install-
ing a special audio coupler that would
increase efficiency.
Because UHF stations require several
times as much power as VHF stations, sav-
ings on power can mean a significantly
greater net income to many UHF TV sta-
tions , most of which use klyst rons .
Movie classic s are next highly regarded ,
with a 50.2 percent rating, and PBS series
and specials follow with 31.6 percent.
Between 20 and 30 percent of the pro-
spective audience would be interested in.
pop, rock , and jazz concerts, educational
courses, plays and dramatic speci als,
sports events, and old television series.
Comedy specials, classical music concerts,
and news and documentaries all rank be-
tween 14 and 20 percent, while musical -
variety specials would interest only 14 per-
cent. At the bottom of the list are chi ldren 's
programs, sports lessons, and foreign-lan-
guage movies, all with ratings lower than 10
percent.
Video viewers are passive
The average video viewer of pr ospecti ve
video viewer shows litt le interest in pro-
grams that call for viewer parti cipation,
such as do-it-yourself programs. Those
interest only 15.9 percent of t he potential
audience, while new movi es would attract
66.5 percent, or two-thirds, according to a
recent survey by Venture Development of
Wellesley, MA.
tent lal applicati ons. A multi -vol ume ency-
clopedia could be st ored on the two sides
of a single disc. It may also be possible to
replace convent ional X-ray film, which re-
quires expensive silver. Ot her possible ap-
plications are in word processing, still and
mot ion pict ures, and in st oring bulky busi-
ness and government records.
Encyclopedia on one disc?
Drs. Alan E. Bell and Robert A. Bartol ini
of RCA Labs, Princeton, NJ, have received
U.S. patent for a recording met hod that
makes it possible to put 100 billion bits of
information on the two sides of a single
disc. That is 10 to 100 times the capacity of
any magnetic-storage disc used today.
The information is recorded with an
intense beam from a novel semiconductor
laser, whi ch burns a seri es of microscopic
holes in a thin tell urium layer depos ited in
the coating structure of the plastic disc.
The information is read out by a less
inten se beam from the same laser. It shines
thr ough t he microscopic holes and is re-
flected by a layer of aluminum locat ed
below the tellurium.
The high-density syst em has many po-
(/)
o
z
o
a:
f-
o
l.LI
...J
W
6
Ci
THE HIGH DENSITY DISC is held by Dr. Bell . Dr. Bartolini is at left.
6
Facts from Fluke on low-cost DMM's
Direct readings indecibels:
Keeping trackofyou r gains and losses.
ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
Ext .
Sta t e Zip
----- --
Mai l Stop
I N
Fluk e tl-lolland} A. V.
P.O. Box sosa, !)004 EA
T'ilhurg. The Nerhe-l ands
1I11 :lI 67:l 97:1
Tt')ex: S22:J7
For technical data circle no. 37
- -'--'-- ------ - ------
- ------- - - - - - - ---- ---.
o Please send80fi OA specificat ions.
I 0 Please send all th e facts on Fluke
low-cost DMMs.
o Pl ease have a sa lesma n ca ll.
Na me
- - - - - - - -
I N TH E U.s. AND NON-
EUROPEAN COUNTRIES :
.Iohn Fluke Mfg. Co.. Inc.
I 9S04:l

Telex: 152662
And there's more. 'True RMS
measurement s to 50 kHz; 0.03%basic
de accuracy; conduct ance (measures
leakage and high resist an ce); extensive
overl oad pro t ection and safety
features; a full line of accessories; and
a low price of $349 U.S.
For all th e fact s on how t o
ma ximize your gains with the 80S0A,
call t oll free 800-426-0361; use t he
coupon below;or contact your Flu ke
st ocking distributor, sales office or
repr esentative.
through its refer ence impedan ces.
Simply stop at the one that matches
your system and get ba ck to work. No
more math; just action. And with the
80S0A's relative reference feature you
can measure gains or losses in dB
t hroughout your system faster than
you thought possible.
. -. When you're dealing with volt age,
current or resist ance, an offset fun cti on
provides a means of comparing st ored
inputs wit h all subsequent inputs,
automatically displaying the differen ce.
'A real timesaver.
If you'd rather forget about t he
last t ime you got wra pped up in an
audio jungle, you'll want to respond t o
thi s ad.
Meet our new 4V2- digit Model
80S0A Multimeter - the first low-cost
DMM with self-calculat ing dB features
that let you keep your mind on your
mission instead of on conversions and
formulas. .
Whil e most ana log met ers read
dBm refer enced only to 600 ohms, the
Fluke 8050A delivers direct readouts in
decibels over a 108 dB range referenced
t o anyone of 16 impedances (8 to 1200
ohms) with 0.01.dB resolution. .
v Push orre'button, 'and the
microprocessor in t he 80S0A scrolls
en
o
Z
o
II:
@
....J
W
6
C5
<
II:
8
NRitraininginTV
andAudioServicing
keepsugwiththe
state01 theart.
Nowyoucan learnto
servicevideocassette
anddisc systems.
.....
<0
co
.....
Free Catalog...
No Salesman Will Call
send todayforour free100-
page catalog whichshows all the kits
andequipment, completelesson plans,
andconvenient timepayment plans
for courses to fit your needs and
budget. Or explore theopportunities
in other NRI home study courses like
Microcomputers & Microprocessors,
CB and Mobile Radio, Aircraft and
Marine Radio orComplete Communi-
cations. Send the postage-paidcard
todayand get a headstart on the state
of theart. If card has been removed,
write to:
NRI
NRISchoo ls
McGraw-Hill Continuing
..j EducationCenter
3939I,\\sconsinAve.
tn II Washington, D.C. 20016
Other NRI training includesComputer Iechnology
Complete CommunicationsElectronics.
andnowincludes traininginvideo
cassette anddiscsystems. Sendfor
ourfree catalog and see for yourself
why NRI works for you.
(Summary of survey onrequest.)
That's because you can't beat
the training and youcan't beat the
value! For hundreds of dollars less
than competing schools, NRI gives you
botb color TV andaudio ...
NRI Training Works ...
Choice of the Pros
More than60years anda
million students later, NRI isstill first
choice in home studyschools. Ana-
tional surveyof successful TV repair-
men shows that morethanhalf have
had home study training, andamong
them, it's NRI 3toloverany other
school.
NRI Includes
the Instruments You Need
You start bybuildinga transis-
torized volt-ohmmeterwhich you use
for basic traininginelectronic theory
Then you assemble a digital CMOS
frequencycounterfor use with lessons
inanalog and digital circuitry, FM
principles. You also get an integrated
circuit TV pattern generator, and an
advanceddesi gnsolid-state 5" trig-
gered-sweeposcilloscope. Use them for
learning, then use them for earning.
(diagonal) colorTv. It'stheonly
one that comes completewithbuilt-
in computer tuningthat lets you
program an entire evening's enter-
tainment. As you build it, you intro-
duce andcorrect electronicfaults,
study circuit operation, get practical
bench experiencethat givesyou extra
confidence.
You also construct a solid-state
stereo tuner andamplifiercomplete
with speakers. You evenassemble pro-
fessional-grade testinstruments so
you knowwhat makes them tick, too.
Then you usethem inyour course,
keep them for actual TV andaudio
servicingwork.
Learnat home at your convenience.
Learn at Home
inYour Spare Tune
And youlearnrightathome,
at yourown convenience, with-
out quitting your job orgoingto
night school. NRI "bite-size" les-
sons make learningeasier...NRI
"hands-on" traininggives you
practical bench experience as you
progress. You notonlyget theory, you
actually build andtestelectroniccir-
cuits, a complete audiosystem, even
a color Tv.
Youbuildcolor lV, hi-fi, professi onal instruments.
Build Color TV with
Computer Programming
As part of your trainingin
NRI 'sMaster Course in TV/Audio/
Vi deo Systems Servicing, you
actually assemble andkeep NRI's
exclusive designed-for-Iearning25"
Now, inaddition to learning
color TV andaudio systems servicing,
you get state-of-the-art lessons in
maintainingandrepairingvideocas-
sette recorders, and theamazing new
video discplayers, both mechanical
andlaser-beam types.
11
VIIhaf:s "eVlls
. .
continued from page 6
VIEWERS BEING TERRIFIED by the latest development in television
(J)
o
Z
o
II:
I-
o
UJ
-J
UJ
I
o
Ci
-c
II:
12
chise for three counties with a total popula-
tion of 615,000. Jim Cardnell, Homosassa
Springs, FL, has also purchased a three-
county block, with a population of about
685,000, and William B. Terrel, Cincinnati
businessman, has become the master fran-
chiser of Hamilton County, with a popula-
tion of around 877,000 .
Each of the Tronics 2000 territorial fran-
chisers will offer franchises to a limited
number of qualified service centers in their
territories, with programs in advertising,
volume buying, technical support, and
business management.
"The consumer-electronics service in-
dustry is one of the largest left unfran-
chised in the United States," says David
Hagelin, President of Tronics 2000 and
former publisher of Electronics Technicianl
Dealer. "And today independent opera-
tions, rightly or wrongly, often mean con-
sumer mistrust."
The concept that Tronics 2000 has in
mind, says Hagelin, is close to what Centu-
ry 21 has done in the real estate field.
" Franchisees will receive assistance in all
phases of business management, including
training, advertising, promotion, and indi-
vidual consultation. Advertising will be lo-
cal and regional, with a national identity
symbolized by a bold blue logo that will
identify the Tronics 2000 operation to the
consumer wherever he goes in the United
States."
3-dimensional television
The world's first public transmission of
3D television is claimed by 3D Television
Systems of North Hollywood, CA. Subscri-
bers to the SelecTV television-cable sys-
tem saw 3D films for the first time on
December 19, 1980.
3D is well known in movies-though it
has never become popular-and has been
transmitted experimentally on TV. The pro-
cess developed by 3D Television transfers
three-dimensional films electronically to a
master 3D videotape. Viewers of SelecTV
on Channel 22 were able to see the 3D pic-
tures by wearing stereo glasses similar to
those used for 3D movies. Complimentary
glasses were made available to SelecTV
subscribers before the transmissions.
The system is described as "being able
to portray objects coming out of the screen
to within several inches of the viewers' eyes
and then going deep back into the televi-
sion screen :'
Test lab for nuclear fusion
The Lawrence Livermore Nat ional Labo-
ratory, operated by the University of Cali-
fornia, is constructing a Mirror Fusion Test
Facility (MFTF) to explore the possibility of
producing power by nuclear fusion. To that
end, a contact has been let to RCA to pro-
duce 48 Neutral Beam projectors for the
project.
Producing a plasma in the MFTF requires
evacuating a 40-foot diameter by 60-foot
long cylindrical fusion chamber to an al-
mostperfect vacuum. Thereafter, 20 start-
up Neutral Beam injectors mounted around
the wall of the chamber insert bursts of
deuterium atoms to form the target plas-
ma, which is confined in the center of the
machine by powerful magnets. Once the
plasma is formed, 24 high-powered Neutral
Beam injectors raise the plasma termpera-
ture to the more than the 100-million
degrees Celsius required for fusion.
Deuterium is the heavy isotope of hydro-
gen, in which a neutron as well as proton
are containedin the nucleus. Deuterium is
available in nearly unlimited quantities
through extraction from sea water.
The 48 Neutral Beam injectors to be built
by RCA include two spares of each type.
Each consists of an arc chamber to ionize
the deuterium working gas as well as an
accelerator assembly to inject and focus
the ion stream, which is later neutralized to
form atoms, into the vacuum chamber.
Twenty-two of the beam injectors are start-
up beam sources, rated at 20-k ilovolts
accelerator voltage and 100-amperes cur-
rent with pulse durations of 0.01 second.
The remaining 26 devices are sustaining
beam sources; they are rated at 80 kilo-
volts and 80 amperes, with pulse durations
of 0.5 second.
Nuclear fusion is expected to provide
power generation with improved safety,
efficiency, and lower cost compared with
present fission (splitting the atom) meth-
ods. For those reasons, many engineers
believe fusion may be the basis for the
nuclear power plants of the next century.
CB installers are warned
The Electronic Industries Association
(EIA) has issued a warning about the dan-
ger of electrocution while installing CB or
TV antennas. (Through long and bitter
exper ience, many amateurs have learned
to keep away from power lines and icy
roofs. However, recent casualty figures
show that many CB and TV users still have
to learn that lesson.)
The EIA recommends that anyone put-
ting up an antenna obtain the free U.S..
Government Antenna Alert sheet, by wr it-
ing to Antenna Alert Sheet, Consumer
Product Safety Commission, Washington,
DC 20207. The Association also reiterates
some important points of that document:
Make sure the antenna is twice its
length away from any power or light
lines. Remember that even insulated
lines are dangerous. Insulation may
be worn, or be cut through when
struck by an ant enna.
If the antenna is more than 30 feet
high, or is to be erected in an area
where light or power lines are closer
than twi ce the ant enna height, bett er
use professional help.
The EIA warning and the government
"Alert" confine themselves to electri cal
dangers. Probably more acci dents-with
TV antennas at least-consist of falling off
roofs . The mast erect ed from the ground
and fastened to the side of the building is
many times safer for the non-professional
installer. R-E
Sabtronics.
Anentire range of low-cost,
top-quality instruments.
A. 201OA- $84.00*, B. 2015A-$99.00*, C. 861OA-$99.00*, D. 5020A-$85.00*,
E. 8000B - $199.00**, F. 2035A- $79. 00*, G. 2037A- $99. 00*
IN CANADA CONTACf: Kumar & Co., Mississauga, OntoCanada
Sabtronicsrevolutionized the
market withthe first low-cost,
high-performance Digital
Multimeter. Nowwehaveanentire
range of outstandinginstruments in
a reasonablerange ofprices. Infact,
nobody canbeat us inour
price/performance ratio. Andwe
cansellat alowpriceforsomevery
goodreasons. Ourengineersdesign
highperformanceproductsto be
built at a lowcost. Andwerefuseto
stickonhighmark ups. Plus we
make sure your pricestays lowby
selling directly to you. Becausewe
sell so manyinstruments, we don't
have to charge a high price.
Naturally, we alsoofferall the
helpful accessories youmightwant.
Andall our products are under
warranty for goodquality andhigh
performance. Inaddition, youget
fromus the same quality aftersale
service as anyhighpriced
instrument manufacturer. With
Sabtronicsinstruments available,
there'snoneedforyouto spendalot
ofmoney to dohighly accurate
testingand measuring.
2010A 3'h Digit LED DMM
2015A 3'h Digit LCD DMM
8610A 600 MHz 8-Digit Fr equen cy Count er
8 110A 100 MHz 8-Digit Frequency Count er
5020A 0. 2 to 200 KHz Function Gener ator
80 00B 1 GHz 9-Digit Frequency Count er
8610B 600 MHz 9-Digit Fre quency Counter
2035A 3'h Digit LCD Handheld DMM
2037A 3'h Digit LCD Handheld DMM
*price in kit form. Also available fact ory assembled,
test ed, and calibrate d. Call us for prices.
**price fully assembled, test ed, and calibrated.
Callus for more information:
(813) 623-2631
Making Performance Affordable
sabtranics1m
INTERN ATIONAL IN C
5709 N. 50th Str eet Tampa, FL 33610
.....
(0
co
.....
13
Error... Error... Error... Error...
(J)
o
z
o
a:
I-
o
UJ
...J
UJ
6
o
-c
a:
14
IN THE FIRST PART OF THIS ARTICLE WE
discussed how pay-TV signals are
scrambled and began talking about a
device to decode them. Refer to Part I
and Fig. 3 as we finish the discussion
and describe the constructi on and con-
nection of a decoder board.
Ret urning to IC I for a moment , the
phase-locked oscillator produces a
square-wave output signal at pin II
that is used to trigger a 74 123 dual one-
shot (IC2-a and -b). That one-shot
produces the gat ing signal required to
restore the sync and blanking pulse s.
The first section, IC2-a, has a period of
approximatel y 30 microseconds. The
trai ling edge of its output pulse is used
to trigger IC2-b, which has a period of
approximatel y 12 microseconds-the
width of the horizontal-bl anking pulse.
Because of the de sign of IC I, the 15.75-
kHz output signal at pin II occurs
somewhere in the middl e of a sca n line.
An adju st able delay that allows the
gating signal to begin at the proper
time is provided by IC2-a. The actual
gating signal is generated by IC2-b.
and its width is set to mat ch the width
of t he hori zontal-bl anking inter val. The
combination of R6-C9 is used to posi-
tion the gating signal and the combi-
nation of R7-C 10 is used to control its
widt h. The gating signal appea rs at pin
13 of IC2-b, and its amplitude is con-
trolled by R8. That signal is used to
inc rease the IF gain of the TV receiver
during the hori zont al sync- and blank-
ing-pulse interval s and thu s correct
the video waveform.
We have now discussed all of the
circuit ry required to reconstruct the
original video and audio signal s. Now
it is necessary to re-combine them into
a useable TV signal. We have obtained
a stable picture , but still have no sound.
However, the inte nded use of our
ada pter is to provide a VHF signal
for viewing on another, unmodified ,
TV set. Therefore , the video signal is
taken fro m the video det ect or and
applied to IC4, which is a complete
video-modulator Ie. The tank-ci rcuit
L I-C2 l is used to set the video-carrier
frequency. Resist or R2l contro ls the
voltage at pins 2, 3, 4. and 13 of IC4
wh ich, in turn, contro ls the percentage
of modulat ion of the video input at pin
12. The sound is generated by FM-ing
a 4.5-MHz osci llator using a transistor
Phot o of 80 Derek copyr ight 1979
by Orion Picture Co mpa ny
lIadia-
Ilealrania.
Hugo Gernsback (1884-1967) founder
M. Harvey Gernsback, editor-in-chief
Larry Steckler, CET, publisher
Arthur Kleiman, manag ing ed itor
J osef Bernard, K2HUF , tec hnical editor
Carl Laron, WB2SLR, assistant editor
Jack Darr, CET service editor
Leonard Feldman
con tribut ing high-fidelityeditor
Karl Savon, semiconductor editor
Herb Freidman, communications editor
Gary H. Arlen, contributing editor
David Lachenbruch, contributing editor
Earl "Doc" Savage, K4SDS, hobby editor
Ruby Vee, production manager
Robert A. W. Lowndes, production
associate
Joan Burwick, production ass istant
Gabriele Margules , circulation director
Arline R. Fishman,
advart islnq coordinator
Cove r photo by Robert Lewis
Radio-Electronics is indexed in Applied
Science &Technology Index and Readers
Guide to Periodical Literature.
Gernsbac k Publicat ions, Inc.
200 Park Ave. S., New York, NY10003
President : M. Harvey Gernsback
Vice President : Larry Steckler
Secretary/ Treasurer : Carol A. Gernsback
ADVERTISING SALES 212777-6400
Larry Steckler
Publisher
EAST
Stanl ey Levitan
Radio-E lectronics
200 Park Ave. South
New York, NY 10003
212-777-6400
MIDWEST!Texas/Arkansas/Okla.
Ralph Bergen
The Ralph Bergen Co.
540 Frontage Road-Suite 361-A
Nort hfie ld, Ill inoi s 60093
312-446-1444
WESTCOAST
Marvin Green
Radio -Electronics
413 So. La Brea Ave.
Los Angeles, Ca 90036
213-938-0166-7
SOUTHEAST
Paul McGinnis
Paul McGinnis Company
60 East 42nd Street
New York , N.Y. 10017
212-490-1021


CIRCLE 8 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
....
CD
CO
....
15
(f)
a
Z
o
a::
I-
a
UJ
...J
UJ
6
o
-c
a::
16
DIRECT-
BROADCAST
SATELLITE PLAN
REVEALED
ABUNDANCE OF
NEW EQUIPMENT
AROUND THE
SATELLITE
CIRCUIT
Satellite Television Corp ., the direct-to-home broadcasting subsidiary of Comsat, has revealed
details of its plans to create a high-power pay-TV service that could be in operation by 1986. The
thr ee-channel service would offer major motion pictures, popular concerts, children's programs,
sports, experimental theater and other shows, beamed directly into homes via a 2.5-foot dish to
be placed atop roofs nationwide. The satellites that will carry the signals will operate in the
17-GHz band on the uplink and be received in the 12-GHz range, with signals beamed via a high
power carrier (1700 watts). The birds will be of the new PAM-D class, a refinement of the
current breed now used by other Comsat subsidiaries.
Satellite TV Corp., which is applying to the FCC for permission to build the new pay-TV
satellite system, envisions that subscribers will pay about $100 for the reception antennas and
then about $25 per month for the decoder. It will also be possible to buy the receiving equip-
ment, then pay about $18 per month for -the programming alone. STC engineers promise that
the encoding/scrambling format for the video signal will be so complicated that the programs
will be immune from piracy by unautho rized receivers.
STC wants to launch four separate satellites duri ng 1986, each of which would cover a
different time zone in the U.S. (with the Western satellite including spot beams for Alaska and
Hawai i). The birds would be spaced about 20
0
apart in orbital arcs at 115
0
, 135
0
, 155
0
and 175
0
west longitude. Two other satellites would be used as in-orbit spares in case one of the primary
birds encounters technical troubles.
The ent ire project will cost at least $400 million, STC estimates. In addition to the 2.5-foot
dishes atop home roofs, the company expects that apartments and other housing complexes-
especially areas without cable TV-will be users of the new pay-TV service.
The FCC, which is currently examining a number of Direct Broadcast Satellite policy options,
is expected to begin consideration of the STC plan within the year. In any case, STC admits that
it will take at least three years to build and launch the system.
Lower-priced-and more versati le-satellite reception equipment continues to flood the market,
as was evident at several recent industry meetings. Manufact urers serving both the hobbyist
market and the low-cost professional user are offering a variety of new antennas and terminal
devices. For example , such establ ished compan ies as Microdyne Corp. (PO Box 7213, Ocala, FL
32672; phone 904-687-4633) are offering new 12-foot antennas, wit h EIRP contours between 36
and 33 dBW. Hughes has unveiled a new expandable dish, offering a basic 3.7 meter TVRO
antenna that can be upgraded to 5-meter diameter. Hughes says the 3.7 meter version provides
52% more gain than a standard 3-meter dish, and that it can be expanded to the 5-meter
configuration without upgrading the foundation or mount structure. (Hughes Microwave Com-
munications Products, PO Box 2999, Torrance, CA 90509; phone 213-517-6100.)
Downlink Inc., a new company, unveiled a modular satellite- TV system during the Consumer
Electronics Show, with a promise that it intends to "become the Apple comupter of satellite
TV"- a reference to the successful easy-to-use home-comp uter system. The Downlink package
includes a cont rol console with receiver mounted at the antenna, 12-foot spherical antenna, 120
0
low-noise amplifier, feedhorn and rotor with back assemblies, plus 100 feet of cables. (Downlink
Inc., PO Box 33, Putnam, CT 06260; phone 203-928-7955.)
Chaparral Communications has introduced a new Feed Horn, designed to optimize the capa-
bilities of parabolic antennas-providing an improvement of at least half a dB of system opera-
tion over a conventional rectangular horn. The $135 feed horn consists of a standa rd WR220
waveguide flange and a front plate which is held in place with a set screw. The Chaparrel feed is
not intended for use with spherica l antennas because of their high focallengt h-to-diameter ratios
(Chaparral, PO Box 832, Los Altos, CA 94022; phone 415-941-1555.)
Cable News Network, the all-news channel (Satcom I, Transponder 14) is carrying an electronic
cable-TV guide on a sideband. The slow-scan video listings offer a program directory to what is
being carried on cable-TV systems , including a rundown of that day's programs on ot her
satellite-fed cable channel s. The slow-scan sideband signals are intended to be used by cable
systems on an otherwise blank channel.
Inte lsat V, the $34 million international satellite, completed its launch sequence and is now
slated to go into operation in Mayas the primary Intelsat bird over the Atlant ic Ocean. The big
bird (4,300 pounds, two video transponders) is the first of nine new Intelsat satellites being built
by Ford Aerospace.
GARY ARLEN
CONTRIBUTING EDITOR
Hand-heldcomputerpower is here!
An autoranging DMMbreakthrough
from B&K--PRECISION.
B&K-PRECISION' s new microcomputer
controlled Model 2845 is a major advance
in digital multimet er technology. At a price
comparable to ordinary manuall y operated
unit s the 2845 brings microcomputer intel-
ligence to a handhel d portable DMM.
When applied to a ci rcuit, its computer
selects the range providing maximum
resolution without the slow "hunting"
action characteri stic of many bench-type
autoranging DMM 's.
The 2845 is cert ainly the most user
oriented hand-held DMM available.
No other DMM can match its speed and
simplicity of operation. With tilt stand,
large displ ay and optional AC power
adapter, it becomes a remarkable inex-
pensive bench DMM.
Microcomputer autoranging speeds
operation and stabil izes readings
Auto-skip program for best resoluti on in
least time
Easiest , fastest-to-use DMM available
a.l % basic DC accuracy
3'12 digit,a.5" LCD di splay
Continuity test " beeper"
Range-lock, holds selected range
Measures AC!DC volt age; AC!DC cur rent;
resistance
Meet s tough U.L. 1244
safety standards
For immediate delivery, contact your
local distributor or phone toll-free 800-
621-4627 (except in Ill inois) for detai led
technical information.
BH1Jl1B
DYNAS CAN
CORPOR AT IO N
6460 West Cort land St reet
Chicag o, Il linois 60635 312/889-9087
IntI. su.. 6460 W. Cortl and sr.. Chica go. IL 60635
Canadian Sates: Atl as Electroni cs. Ontario
CIRCLE 3 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
/
/
en
o
z
o
a:
.....
o
W
-l
W
6
is
<:
a:
18
"If vouregoing tolearn
electronics, youmight
as welllearnit right!"
"Don't settle for less.
Especially when it comes
to career training. ..because
everything else inyour life
may depend on it That's
why you ought to pick ClEf"
Acc redited Member National Home Study Counc il
Age .Phone (area code) _
Checkbox for G.I. Bill information: 0 Vet eran 0 Active Duty
MAlLTODM:
I D YES.. . I want the best of everything! Send me my FREE CIE school
catalog - including details about the Associate Degree program- plus my FREE
package of home study information. RE-08
.....
to
CD
.....
s::

JJ
o
J:
Assoeiate Degr e e
Now, CIE offers an Associate in
Applied Science Degree in Electroni cs
Engineering Technology. In fact,
all or most of every CIE Ca reer
Course is directly creditable
towards the Associate Degree.
Send for more details
and a FREE seho o l
eatalog.
Mail the card today. If it' s gone,
cut out and mail the coupon. You' ll
get a FREE school catalog plus com-
plete information on independent
home study. For your convenie nce,
we'll try to have a crn representa-
tive contact you to answer any ques-
tions you may have.
Mail the card or the coupon or
write crn (mentioning name and
date of this magazine) at : 1776 East
17th Street, Cleveland, Ohio 44114.
Piekthe paee that's right
for yon
crn understands people need
to learn at their own pace. There's no
pressure to keep up . . . no slow
learners hold you back. Ifyou're a
beginner, you start with the basics. .
Ifyou already know some elec-
tronics, you move ahead to your
own level.
Enjoythe prompbtess of
cm's "same day" grading
eyele.
When we receive your l esson
before noon Monday through Satur-
day, we grade it and mail it back-
the same day. You find out quickly
howwell you're doing!
cmeanprepare yon for
yonr FCCLieense.
For some electronicsj obs, you
must h ave your FCC License. For
others, employers often consider it a
mark in your favor. Either way, it's
government-certified proofofyour
specific knowledge and skills!
More than h al f of CIE' s courses
prepare you to pass the government-
administered exam. In continuing
surveys, nearly 4 out of 5 CIE gradu-
ates who take the exam get their
Licenses!
r------------
I

C I E
Cleveland Institute of Electronics, Inc.
1776 East 17th S t r e e t, C le veland, O h io 44114
I

I
PrintName - - - --------- -
I
Address Apt. - --- - - - -
City _
State ---LZip _

Meetthe Eleetrouies
Sp e eia1is is.
When you pick an electronics
school, you're getting ready to invest
some time and money. And your
whole future depends on the educa-
tion you ~ t in return.
That s why it makes so much
sense to go with number one .. .with
the specialists . .. with Crn!
The r e 's no sueh thing as
ba rgain edueation.
Ifyou talked with some ofour
graduates, chances are you'd find a
l ot ofthemshopped around for their
training. Not for the lowest priced
but for the best. They pretty much
knewwhat was available when they
picked crn as number one.
We don't promise you the moon.
We do promise you a proven way to
build valuable career skills. The crn
faculty and staffare dedicated to
that. When you graduate, your di-
ploma shows employers you know
what you're about. Today, it's pretty
hard to put a price on that.
Beeause we're speeial-
isis, we have to stay
ahead .
At crn, we've got a position of
leadership to maintain. Here are
some ofthe ways we hang onto it . . .
Our step-by-steplearning
inelude s "hands-on"
training .
At crn, we believe theory is
important . And our famous
Auto-Programmed" Lessons teach
you the principles in logical steps.
But professionals need more
th an theory. That's why some of our
courses train vou to use tools ofthe
t rade li k e a 5 -MHz triggered-sweep,
soli d-state oscilloscope you build
yourself-and use to practice trouble-
shooting. Or a Digital Learning
Laborat ory to apply the digital theory
essential to keep pace with electronics
in t he eighties.
Our speeia1ists offeryon
personal attention.
Sometimes, you may even have
a question about a specific lesson.
Fine. Write it down and mail it in.
Our experts will answer you
promptly in writing. You may even
get the specialized knowledge of all
the crn specialists.And the answer
you get becomes a part ofyour per-
manent reference file . You may find
this even better than having a class-
roomteacher.
"""'o..'ve probablyseen ad-
~ r t s m n t s fromother
e leetronies sehools. Itlaybeyo..
thinkthey're all the same.
They're not:
emis the largest indepen-
dent home studTsehool in the
world that speeIalizes exel..-
sively in eleetronies.
21
SWEEP/FUNCTION GENERATOR
Thank you for the comprehensive review
of our model 3020 Sweep/Function Gener-
ator in your October 1980 " Equipment
Reports" section.
Actually, the inst rument is even a bit
more versatile than your review indicates.
An internal gate with an adj ustab le duty
cycle and repeti t ion rate is prov ided for
tone bursts . In addition, provision is made
for external gating, as your review indi-
cated. That feat ure, combined with those
you listed, makes the B&K-Precision model
3020 an excepti onal stand-alone instru-
ment. The only external signal requirement
is for the amplitude-mo dulat ion funct ion.
GUS ROSE,
Dynascan Corporation
THE BSR SYSTEM X- 10
Mr. Steve Ciarc ia's article on the BSR
System X-10 ("Plug-In Modu lar Remote
Control", September 1980 issue) was very
good, but he glossed over a problem that
has been a thorn in my side ever since I
bought the system. According to Mr. Ciar -
cia: " . . . since . . . most homes derive
lef:f:ers
their 117-volt power from both sides of a
220-volt line, sometimes there can be
problems in obtaining consistent operation
when receiver modules are used on both
sides of the 117-vol t lines."
His solution? "Placement of the receiv-
ers could require some experimentat ion."
C'mon, Steve-you can do better than
t hat! There must be some way (or ways) to
coup le t he 120-kHz control signals from
one side of the line to the ot her-capaci-
tively, wit h a tuned circu it, or even perhaps
an active circui t t hat would funct ion as a
repeater. There has to be a way-other-
wise, I' m going to be stuck with a housefu l
of X-10 receivers and transmitters that
can't talk to each other unless they're in the
same room. Please help!
ANDREW BAIRD,
Princeton, NJ
With every article I write, I have to bal-
ance safety considerations against the in-
terest that readers with a wide variety of
sophistication may have in experimenting
with new devices. Yes, there are ways to
jump the signal across the two legs of the
AC line. The easiest way is to amplify the
command-control/er's output and pump a
few watts into the line.
Unfortunately, there is no single solution.
In some cases, it may only require a few
capacitors between the lines. In others, you
could use repeaters and still have prob-
lems. Also, there are occasions in winter
(when 220-volt heaters are in operation)
when nothing extra is required for a com-
plete coupling. The answer is not an extra
paragraph in a general article on theX-10.
I cennot apologize for evading this ap-
parent limi tation of the X-10. To achieve
consistent results, any suitable solution re-
quires attaching circuitry directly across
the 220-volt power line at its entrypoint to
the house. Besides being risky, the power
company usual/y frowns on such activities.
As to the limitations of the X-10, aren't
you expecting a lot from a $15 remote-con-
trol device? Perhaps you should consider
using a more conventional remote-control
device in conjunction with the BSR system
to fill in the gaps. In my own application, I
have combined i t with hard-wired relay-
control/ed outlets for more predictable
control. " you are interested in learning
more about this, I refer you to a three-part
article I wrote for the January, February,
and March 1980 issues of Byte magazine.
The title is: " A Computer Controlled Secu-
rity System."
STEVE CIARCIA
UNICORN-1
I am following with interest your series on
build ing your own robot. However your
readers may be interested t o know that the
manipulator arm wiring can be simpl ified
by using two additional diodes. The circuit
shown in the figure below (compare with
Fig. 18 on page 58 of the September 1980
issue) performs the same functions, but
reduces the amount of wiring required on
the arm and saves four positions on the
terminal bar rier strip. The diodes should be
rated at 50 volts and be able to handle the
motor current.
Also, the network shown across the mo-
tor can profi t ably be used across all motors
and solenoids t o protect the switches from
damage caused by arcing when t he power
is sudd enly turned off . Without those, t he
life of t he switches may be considerably
shortened. If the curre nt through a motor
or solenoid is always in the same direction,
a clamping diode, as shown on the "hand "
solen oid can also be used.
It's easy to remember which way to con-
nect a clamping diode: simply orient it so it
doesn 't short out what ever it is connect ed
across!
GUY JUTRAS
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
VIDEO SIGNALS
Any government att emp t to "stop unau-
thorized reception" of video signa ls is logi-
cal ly equivalent to prohibiting you from
hear ing the governor burp.
Incidentally, Officer Brown (Letters, Oc-
tober 1980), " laws" prohibiting radar de-
tect ion are equall y i llegiti mate in the
U.S.A.
"Piracy?" Commissioner, if you don't
wish to water your neighbor's lawn, then
direct your hose elsewhere.
JACK D. DENNON
Warrenton, OR
ON EINSTEINIAN IMPOSSIBILITIES
I am astonished that you would print
such a letter as " Einsteinian Impossibili-
ties," by A. H. Klotz even in your "April
Foo' " issue.
In fairness to your other readers, you
should have pointed out the obvious fl aw in
Mr . Klotz's argument:
The const ant velocity of light is not pre-
dicted by Einstein's theory, as Mr . Klotz
apparentl y believes . But the scient ifi call y-
proved fact that the velocity of light is con-
st ant , regardless of its source, is one of the
physical world's anomalies that prompted
Einstein to formulate his theory in the first
place.
To argue with Einstein's theory, one must
ask the question: " How can I account for
the fact t hat the velocity of light from all
sources (some of which are moving) is con-
stant?"
If Mr. Klotz has new evidence about the
speed of light, I am sure we would all like to
hear about his experiments.
JERRY MILLER,
Littleton, CO
WIDE-RANGE AUDIO GENERATOR
In reference to the " Wide- Range Audio
Generator" article in your May 1980 issue:
It has 2 Zener diodes. Those are not 0.1-
volt Zeners as stated but rather both num-
bers are for 5.1-volt Zener diodes (1N5231
and 1N751).
I ordered all required parts, but had trou-
ble finding a 0.1-volt Zener diode. Fortu-
nately the numbers given were in an ad in
t he back of the issue, so I checked both of
them, and both turned out to be 5.1-vo lt
Zeners.
It sure looks like a good project and I' m
looking forward to completing it.
CRAIG LEWIS,
Kail ua, HI R-E
.ce Station.
anyTexaco SeNI 'th distributor's Parts
moreline Ca\\ yourZenl hOW yoU can get
ss reteren
ces,
, nd \earn . r
Moreoro - rt data Theres Manager rtiticates withyOU ,
itemS, betore with Texaco Gift Ce 'th universa\ Sem
l-
morein It tor y miconductors purchase ot Zenl
Zenith univers
a\
Se t rep\acements." conductors, tor your copy ot
covering Zenith t':Ipes in the Ca\\ now, too,
p\US the most po Zenith's \ates
t,

industry. 1EXACOG\FI greatest Univers
a\
0
Andno
W-
Semiconductor
CERT\F\CATES\ itying cross-reteren,ce
With every ZenithdistnbU- guide. Theres
tromyour yoU getTexaco morein it tor
tor by March against 'Iou than ever
Gift 0\\, tires, betore\
the purchase g y moreitemS at
batteries and man !'!!'P-
goes on\!')
. bel
ore
the name
The QualitY goes In essorles Division
. Iservice, Parts & 60131
dl
corporation IFrank\\n Park,
Z
ith Ra Avenue
en 1100
0
seymour MATION CARD
fREEINfO
R
CIRC\..E31 oN
equipl?1erlf:
Keithley Model 169 DMM
CIRCLE 101 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
THE CHOICE OF A NEW DIGITAL MULTIMETER IS
influenced by many factors. Since most units
within a certain price range will have almost
identi cal accuracies, other features such as ease
of operation, special ranges, and cabinet sizes
may be more important. In the past it was com-
mon to select a port able unit to take advantage
of its use in the field as well as on the bench. In
most cases however it has been discovered that
a hand-held unit is not the most convenient one
for bench use. .
Keithley Instrument s, Inc. (28775 Aurora
Road, Cleveland, OH 44139) has intr oduced
its model 169, a digital mult imeter designed
for bench use. Since the model 169 uses six
C-size batteries for power, it can also be taken
into the field if the need arises.
The model 169 features a large (0.6-inch)
3
'/,
-digit LCD display. The easy-to-under-
stand front panel has color-coded pushbutt ons.
Units are displayed on the LCD to confirm the
range and use selected. Since the front panel is
larger than that of a hand-held unit , the push-
buttons are easier to operat e and the cabinet
(again due to the larger size) remains stable.
One hand can be used to change ranges. A
large bail-type carrying handle attached to the
sides of the cabinet also serves as an adj ustable
stand to allow the user to position the meter at
an angle. The cabinet has four feet attached to
the underside. Those feet have provisions for
test-lead storage. Test leads can be connect ed
to the front panel with standar d banana jacks.
That means you will still be able to use your
. favorite special-function leads. The model 169
is supplied with standard test leads, including
probes.
Input protection is provided for all functions
on the model 169. Those who forget to change
the ranges and functions will be happy to know
that the model 169 will withstand 1400 volts
(peak) on the voltage ranges and 300 volts on
the resistance ranges. A two-ampere fuse pro-
tect s the curr ent ranges and the fuse is accessi-
ble without removing the cabinet.
These specifications will provide the reader
with a brief idea of the model 169' s versatility.
Both AC and DC voltage is measur ed on five
ranges from 200 mV up to 1,000 volts full-
scale. Accuracy on the DC ranges is 0.25% of
reading + I digit. Accur acy on AC is 0.75%of
reading + 5 digits at frequenc ies under I kHz.
Input impedance is 10 megohms shunted by
less than lOa pF. Current can be measured on
five scales from 200 !LA to 2,000 rnA full-scale
on both AC and DC, although the DC readings
are more accurate than AC. Resistance is mea-
sured on six ranges from 200 ohms to 20
megohms full-scale. Voltage resoluti on will
vary from lOa !LV to 1V, depending upon the
range, in either the AC or DC functions. Like-
wise curr ent resolution is from .0001 to 1 rnA
and the resistance ranges offer resolutions of
from 0.1 to 10K ohms.
conti nued on page 26
..
..
Long life, high reliability
Four hermetically sealed reed relays perform
range switching with virtually no contact wear.
Microcomputer intelligence
Designed around 4-bit microcomputer. Analyzes
stored data and range that provides greatest
display resolution. Program memory capacity
1024 x 8 bits of ROM supported by 48 x 4 bits of
data memory RAM
CIRCLE 55 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
BJl1II1!I!!JlI
Microcomputer-Controlled
Autoranging DMMModel 2845
Computer stabilized accuracy to 0.1%
Auto-perfection
Selects range for maximum resolution
Audible continuity indicator
Built-in audible tone generator
G-MOV overload protection
Provides AC and DC voltage range protection to
1000 VDC or AC peak
Shielded in RF fields
Accuracy maintained in RF fields
.. . i n stock and avai labl e for immediate delivery.
Dual Trace 5" SweepFunctiun Semiconductor Portable Digital
30MHz Triggered Scope Generator Transistor Tester Capacitance Meter
Model 1479A Model 3020 Model 520B Model 820

.... ..e.: ,
''I f!!: ,. . .
- -- ., .....
.
Order with Confidenceand get the Fordham Advantage!
TOLL FREE FORDHAM i '.MasterCharge
our pnces BankAmericard
(800) 645 951 8
VISA COD
_ I 1 Money Order
.' , . I Check
mN.Y. State call (5161 752-0050 855 Conklin St. Farmingdal e, N.Y. 11735 ,_ COD's extra

CI)
o
z
o
a:
I-
o
W
-l
W
6
Ci

a:
EQUIPMENT REPORTS
continued fro m page 24
Overrange is indicated when the three least
significant digits are blanked on the display.
There is automatic polarity reversal, and a dis-
play indicator will signify the polarity of the
test voltage or test cur rent. The display will
also indicate when there is less than five per-
cent of batt ery life remaining. The estimated
battery life is 1,000 hour s when carbon-zinc
batteries are used, and 2,000 hours with alka-
line batteries.
The instruction manual also serves as a
repair manual for those who like to maintain
and calibrat e their own equipment. It contains
exploded views oft he unit , complete part s lists,
and an extra large two-page schematic dia-
gram. In addition, there is an excellent discus-
sion of the instrument' s theory of operation
and how the instrument is used.
All circuitry is contained on a 4'/' X 7'/,
inch printed-circuit board and, due to the rela-
tively large size, troubleshooting is great ly
simplified. The front panel is att ached to the
board with connectors that makes removal
easy. The LCD display is fast ened to the panel
by two studs and it is connected to the main
board by ribbon cable. The model 169 mea-
sures 3'/' X 9'/, X 10'/ , inches and has a net
weight of three pounds.
The unit has been tested and it performed
well. All ranges equalled or exceeded the pub-
lished specifications. If you are in the mar ket
for a large DMM that can also be used in the
field, it may be wort h your time to check out
this versatile unit. The model 169 from Keith-
ley sells for $169. R-E
A P Products Hobby-B/ox
So/der/ess Breadboarding
System
CIRCLE 102 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
Take a look at Keithley's new Model 130 measurement
problem-solver.
IT SEEMS THAT EVERY TIME WE TURN AROUND,
someone has taken another step toward making
prototyping less complicated, more instanta-
neous, and, admittedly, a little more fun. A P
Product s' Hobby Blox , are a very versatile
series of breadboarding products that, working
together, perform as a complete system for cir-
cuit building.
The generous use of color and the low prices
of the several elements of the Hobby-Bl ox sys-
tem can easily lead to the impression that it is a
system intended strictly for beginners. That is
not the case. Hobby-Blox perform on a par
with any professional breadboard, in most
applications. Its many unique elements permit
the easy incorporat ion of circuit elements that
would be difficult to accommodate with many
breadboarding products.
Part of the secret of the flexibility of Hobby-
Blox lies in its unique carr ier tray. In addition
to its primary purpose of providing structural
rigidit y for the breadboard str ips, the tray also
has a number of molded-in featur es that con-
tribute to the modularit y and expandability of
the system. The side rails, for example, feature
a tongue on one edge and a mating groove on
the opposite. There are also slots spaced along
one edge to accommodate the blank panel, con-
trol panel, or speaker panel elements of the
system.
'The trays can be readily stacked side-to-side
or, with tray extender clips, end-to-end. Also
available is a right-angle, vertical tray pack
that includes a smaller tray and adapter stri p.
Either large or small trays, however, may be
vertically mounted using the adapter strip.
The standar d tray is 6.3 X 3.12 inches and
the shorter tray is 3.7 X 3.12 inches. The
inside width, between the side rails, is 2.75
inches. That is the same as each of the solder-
less str ip elements of the system except one- a
between-the-trays, 6.3-inch long, bus str ip
with two continuous rows of 60 connected, sol-
derless tie points each.
There are five different types of solderless
breadboarding elements designed to fit in the
Hobby-Blox tray. Yellow terminal stri ps pro-
vide a row of 26 three-tie-point terminals. Red
distr ibution str ips each provide two rows of 26
connected tie points. Gray 3 X l 6-inch termi-
nal str ips repeat arrays of 16 three-tie-point
termi nals (ar ranged as twin columns of eight
each on either side of a 0.3-inch DIP-standard
center spacing) three times across its width-
perfect for placing three 7-segment DIP dis-
plays in a row. Gold LED strips accept six
discrete LED's: provide a solderless tie-point
connect ion to each solder less LED socket lead,
continued on page 32
,5%
1%
2%
3%
.5%
ACCURACY
Case $10.00
Shipping $3.00
$115'
RANGE
200mv,2V,20V,200V,1000V
200mV, 2V, 20V, 200V, 750V
2mA, 20mA, 200mA, 2000mA, 10A
2mA, 20mA, 200mA, 2000mA, 10A
200n, zkn. aokn. 200kn, 20Mn
THETESTEQUIPMENT SPECIALISTS
TOLLFREE HOT LINE
800-223-0474
AlNANCI! IS PROUD TO INTRODUCE the
Line of High Quality Digital Multimeters
Featuring The New 130 Hand-Held DMM
DC VOLTAGE
AC VOLTAGE
DC CURRENT
AC CURRENT
RESISTANCE
SPECIFICATIONS
Easy to use
Two rotary switches instead of eight pushbuttons
Large, easy to read 1.8cm (.6") LCD digits-larger and sharper
than competitors'
Rugged
High-impact ASS plastic case
Shock-mounted LCD
Tough polycarbonate plastic window and
front panel
Performance Plus
Conven ient size and weight-only 10 oz.
(7 .O" x 3.1 " x 1.5")
200 hour battery life
Low battery annunciator
Easy to maintain-all components on one
board
One-year guarantee on specifications
Only one calibration adjustment, only once
25 Ranges and five functions: DC volts ,
AC volts, DC amps, ohms
1oOJLV, 1JLA, O.Hl sensitivity
1OOOV DC, 750V AC, 1OAand 20MO upper
range limits
KEITHLEY
54 WEST 45th STREET. NEW VORK. N Y O O 3 ~ 212687 2224
(f)
o
z
o
c:::
I-
o
UJ
...J
UJ
6
Ci

c:::
26
.....
CD
ce
.....
Price includes TV and cassette conne ct or s,
AC adaptor, and 128-page manual.
AIlyou nee d to use your ZX80is a standard TV
(color or black and white). The ZX80 comes complete
with connectors that easily hook up t o the antenna
terminals of your TV. Also included is a connector for
a portable cassette recor der, if you choose to store
programs. (Youuse an ordinary blank cassette.)
The ZX80 is a family learning aid. Children 10and
above will quickly understand the principles of
computing- and have fun lear ning.
Master Charge or VISA orders call:
(203) 265-9171We'll refund the cost of your call.
Information: General and technical-(617)
367-1988,367-1909,367-1898,367-2555.
Phones open Monday-Friday from8 AMto
8PMEST.
Automatic
err or det ection.
A cursor identifies errors
immediately to prevent entering
programs with faults.
Powerful text editing facilities.
Also programmable in machine code.
Excellent string handling capability-up
to 26 string variables of any length.
Graphics, with 22 standard symbols.
Built-inrandom number generator for
games and simulations.
Sinclair's BASIC places no arbitrary re-
stri ctions on you-with many other flexible
featur es, such as variable name s of any
length.
And the computer that can do so much
for you now will do even more in the fu-
tur e. Options willinclude expansion of 1K
user memory to 16K, a plug-in 8K floating-
point BASIC chip, applications software,
and other peripherals.
Order your ZX80 now!
The ZX80 is available only by mail from
Sinclair, a leading manufacturer of con-
sumer electronics worldwide.
To order by mail, use the coupon below.
But for fast est delivery, order by phone
and charge to your Master Charge or VISA.
The ZX80 is backed by a 30-day money-
back guarantee , a 90-day limited warranty
with a national service-by-mail facility, and
ext ended service contracts are available for
a minimal charge .
Sinclair Research Ltd., 475 Main St.,
........... P.O. Box 3027, Wallingford, CT06492.

I
To: Sincl air Research Ltd., 475 Main St ., P.O. Box 3027, Wallingford, CT 06492. I
Please send me ZX80 personalcomputer(s) at $199.95' each (USdollars), plus $5
I
shipping. (Your ZX80 may be tax deductible.) I
I enclose a check/ money order payable to SinclairResearch Ltd. for $ _
I Name I
I Address I
I
City State Zip I
Occupation: Age: _
I Intended use of ZX80: I
I Have you ever used a computer? DYes D No. ' For Conn. deliveries, add sales tax. I
L
Do you own another personal computer? DYes D No.
RE3-1
----------------
Thefirst personalcomputer
for under $200.
The Sinclair ZX80.
Acomplete computer-
only $199.95 plus$5.00shipping.
Now, for just $199.95, you can get a
complete, powerful, full-function computer,
mat ching or surpassing other personal
computers costing several times mor e.
It 's the Sinclair ZX80. The computer that
"Pers onal Comput er World" gave 5 stars
for 'excellent value.'
The ZX80 cuts away computer jargon
and mystique. It takes you straight into
BASIC, the most common, easy-to-use
computer language.
YQu simply take it out of the box, con-
nect it to your TV, and turn it on. And if
you want, you can use an ordinar y cassette
recorder to store programs. With the man-
ual in your hand, you'll be running programs
in an hour. Within a week, you' ll be writing
complex programs with confidence.
Allfor under $200.
Sophisticated design makes the
ZX80 easy to learn, easy to use.
We' ve packed the conventional computer
onto fewer, more powe rful LSI chips -
including the Z80A microprocessor, the
faster version of the famous 280. This
makes the ZX80 the wor ld's first truly port-
able computer (6Y2" x 8%" x PI2" and a mere
12 oz.) . The ZX80 also feat ures a touch
sensitive, wipe-clean keyboard and a
32-character by 24-line display.
Yet, with all this power, the ZX80 is easy
to use, eve n for beginne rs .
Your course in computing.
The ZX80 comes complete with its own
128-page guide to computing. The manual
is perfect for both novice and expert. For
every chapter of theor y, there's a chapter
of practi ce. So you learn by doing-not just
by reading. It makes learning easy, exciting
and enjoyable.
You'll also receive a catalog packe d with
items that can make your ZX80 eve n mor e
useful. Including 27 progr am cassettes,
from games and home budgeting for just
$6. 95, to Sinclair's unique Computer Learning
Lab. And books, hardware options and
ot her accessories.
ZX80's advanced design features.
Sinclair's 4K integer BASIC has perfor-
mance features you'd expect only on much
larger and more expensive computers.
Unique 'one touch' entry. Key words
(RUN, PRINT, LIST, etc.) have their
own single-key entry to reduce typing
and save memory space.
27

z
o
a:
@
....J
W
o
15
c(
a:
28
THESE IRE lIT
HIIE-IIIE TRIIIIII IEVICES.
THESE IRE PRllUCTllllllEl
IICRI-SYSTEIS.
IIITHER HIIE STUIY SCHIll
IFFERS THEI EICEPT ITS.
111111111111111111 1111111111\\\\\\\\
.....
co
00
.....

o Check if interested in G.!. informat ion.

o Check if interested ONLY in classroom trai ning in Los Angeles.
iii:
NATIONAL 1

b.) . '
..'"
SCH OLS f<I:;L ... :..
TECHNICALTRADE T R AI NING SINce 1905
R e s id en t; a n d Home-St;ud y Schoole
4lXXl SO. FIGUEROAST.. LOSANGELES. CA. 90037
Name Age _ _
Address _
Apt. City _
State Zip ---
r-- - - .--.--- - -- - ---I
NATIONAL TECHNICAL SCHOOLS r--::::;'
4000 South Figueroa Street, Dept. 20lHl31 "'-....-.6iJ
Los Angeles, California 90037
Please rush FREE color catalog on course checked below
o MicroComputers/MicroProcessors 0 Auto Mechanics
o Communications Elect ronics 0 Ai r Conditioni ng
o Digital Electronics 0 Home Appliances
o Industr ial Technology 0 Color TV servi ci ng
IN FACT, NTS ELECTRONICS
PROGRAMS INCLUDE THE
WIDEST ARRAY OF SOLID-STATE
AND DIGITAL EOUIPMENT EVER
FFER 0BY ANY HOMESTUDY SCH
NO OBLIGATION. NO SALESMAN WILL CALL.
APPROVED FOR VETERAN TRAINING.
1. The NTS/HEATH H-89 Microcomputer features floppy disk stor-
age, "smart" video t ermi nal, two Z80 microprocessors, 16K RAM
memory, expandable t o 48K. Avail able in NTS's Master Course in
Microcomputers.
2. The NTS/Rockwell AIM 65 Microcomputer A single board unit
featuring an on-board 20 column alphanumeri c printer with 20
character display. A 6502-based unit 4K RAM, expandable.
Available in NTS's Microprocessor Technology Course.
3. The NTS/KIM-l Microcomputer A single board unit feat uring a
6 digit LEDdisplay with an on-board 24 key hexadecimal
calculator-type keyboard. A 6502 based microcomputer with 1K
of RAM memory, expandable. Avail able in NTS's Master Course in
Electronic and Industr ial Technology.
Now, for the first time, you can learn all about micro-
computers by working with your own production model at
home. We'll explain the principles of troubleshoot i ng and
testing this remarkable instrument and, best of all, we' l l
show you how to program it t o do what you want.
It's the perfect opportunity for you to learn BASIC
high level language programming and assembly
language programming. .
Then, to learn how to localize microcomputer problems SimulatadTVReception
and solve them, you'll experiment and test with a digital multi -
meter and other testing gear.
But most important, you get to assemble and work with
today's most sophisticated microcomputers, not home-made
training devices. We believe this makes learning a lot more
relevant and exciting.
In fact, production-model equipment is featured in all
NTS electronics programs.
Our Color TV servicing program boasts the NTS/HEATH
digital color TV (25" diagonal) you actually build and keep.
In Communications Electronics you'll build and keep an
NTS/HEATH 2-meter FM transceiver, along with digital multimeter and service trainer.
Whichever NTS electronics program you choose, you can count on working with much
the same kind of equipment you'll encounter in the field.
Find out more in our full color catalog on the program of your choice.
NTS also offers course in Auto Mechanics,
Air Conditioning and Home Appliances. Check
card for more information.
31
ANYONE WHO HAS SPENT ANY AMOUNTOFTIME
wit h an illegibly-marked group of th ree-legged
semiconductors knows how frustrating and
time-consumi ng a task it is to sort through
t hem. Hickok (10514 Dupont Avenue, Cleve-
land , OH 44 108) has automated the task with
an amazing new handheld teste r, the model
216, that performs in- or out -of-circuit pass/
fai l tests . It also identifies NPN, PNP, or FET
type; diode and SCR polarit y; and t he base or
gate lead- all in a few seconds.
A device can be plugged into the fro nt -panel
tr ansistor socket (graphics clearl y ident ify
which of the pins to use to test diodes), or a set
of th ree colored leads may be plugged into the
front-panel ja cks and alligator-clipped to the
device. The comprehensive instruction manu al
offered by Hickok specifies t hat for in-circuit
testin g, the maximum load between any two
leads is 500 ohm s, 0.2 )LF, or any impedance
equivalent to 500 ohms at 1000 Hz.
All indications are made through six front-
panel LED's . Th ere is a red LED mar ked FAIL
and two green LED' s marked PASS, one wit h
t he lett er P and a diode symbol wit h the cath-
ode at the left and the other wit h the lett er N
and a diode symbol wit h t he cathode at the
right. Each of the t hre e terminals to which the
device under test is connected has a red LED
associated wit h it. Th at is true both for the
socket on the front pane l and the t hree banana
jacks that the color -coded (red-black-yellow)
test leads plug into.
A single switch contro ls operati on of the
model 216, selecti ng the tr ansistor test mode,
the di ode test mode, or off. After a few seconds
(approximately four) of blinking th rough the
test sequence, the LED' s hold on a fixed pat-
tern t hat identi fies whet her th e device is PNP
(p LED lights) or NPN (N LED lights) . The
LED associated wit h the lead connected to the
continued 011 page 36
A P Prod uct s has made available two sta rte r
packs, one for Ie's at $5.9 7 and one for dis-
cr et e component s at $6.5 7. Eac h sta rter pack
includes a tr ay, breadboardi ng element s, and a
book of 10 well-doc umented, easy-to-build
proj ects. Prices for individual element s range
from $ 1.29 to $3.59.
All-told, Hobby-Blox repr esents a very in-
teresti ng and well planned approach to solder-
less brea dboardi ng. It s features should appeal
to beginne r and professiona l alike. A P Prod-
uct s, 9450 Pinene edle Drive, Mentor, Ohio
440 60. R-E
derl ess t ie point s, and a molded letter-and -
number indexing system for each hole.
The yellow termi nal stri ps may be spaced for
st andard (0.3-inch center) or LSI-wide (0.6-
inch cente r) DIP spacing by using a 0.3 X
2. 75-inch spacing strip. Those include the
same molded slots as t he side rail, and can
double as suppor t st rips.
Th e Hobby-Blox system includes a batt ery-
holder pack that houses a sta nda rd 9-volt bat-
t ery (not incl uded) , plus twi n three-tie-point
ter minals for power connec tions and a binding-
post strip wit h one black and two red binding
post s. Each binding post is br ough t out to a
solde rless tie point.

V302 B s V152 B
Normal Price
,------ - ----,
o Y15i B'15IMHz Dual Trace $$9
7
9
3
5
5:
I
o Y302IB.30 ,MHz Dual Trace Price Orfer
Probes included.
Hitachi...The measure
of quality.
Put a proven Hitachi dual-trace oscilloscope on your bench
for as little as $695. Our Y-152 15MHz model includes un-
precedented sensitivity (I mY/div.) IOX sweep magnif-
ication...front panel XV operation trace rotation...Zaxis
inpul...and more. Need greater bandwidth? Our Y-302
model is the only30MHz dual-trace scope with signal delay
line priced under $1000, with all the above features. to
make your testing operat ions fast, easy. and accu rate.
Reliability is exceptional too. (As you'd expect from a
menufecturer with over 20 years of experience "outscop-
ing" the competition.) So exceptional, in fact. that Hitachi
quality is backed by a 2-year warranty...the longest in the
indust ry. Whethe r you use it for teaching or repairs. for
video, audio, or computer testi ng, you can' t find more
scope for your dollar than at Hitachi. Call for more details.
Hitachi Oscilloscope V302 B
DC-30MHz dual-trace
Hitachi Oscilloscope V152 B
DC15MHz dual -trace
1. TVsync-separator circui t
2. High-sensitivity 1mYldiv (5MHz)
3. X-Y operation
4. Sweep-timemagnifier (10times)
5. Trace rotation
6. Z-axis input (Intensity modulation)
(Also available In slngletrace)
1. TVsync-separator circuit
2. High-sensitivity 1mY/div (5MHz).
3. Signal delay line
4. X-V operation
5. Sweep-time magnifier (10 times)
6. Trace rotation
7. Z-axis input (Intensitymodulation)
THE TEST EQUIPMENT
SPECIALISTS
TOLL FREE HOT LINE

NEWYORK. N Y. ' 00 36 212-667 222.
,.. 001 TVsync-separator circuit facilitates rapid video
signal measurement.
Extra-high sensitivity; vertical sensitivity of
tmY/div. now available.
Built-in signal delay line for leading edge observa-
tion of qulck-rfslng waveforms (Y-30t and Y-302) .
X-Yoperation very convenient for measuring
phase difference of two waveforms.
Sweeptime magnifier effective for precise
measurement; sweep time magnifying to times
with one-touch operation.
Trace rotation system for easily adjust ing
bright-line Inclination caused by terrest rial
magnetism.
Z-axis Input provldedposslble to use as CRT
display.
0.2)Js .... 0.2swlde sweep range setting.
One-touch shifting waveform slopes.
Five modes of vertical defl ection operation
(Type Y152 and Y302).
Panel layout with color-coding of respective
functions.
ADIf4M:E IS PROUD
TO INTRODUCE
The Line
of High Quality Oscilloscopes
All Hitachi Instruments
Are Backed by
A Two-Year Warranty
and incl ude a bus of 23 connected tie poi nts for
easy connect ion to power buses through limit-
ing resistors. Blue discr et e component stri ps
provide 14 termi nals wit h five connect ed, 'sold-
er less tie points each. Th ese st rips use 0.2- inch
center spaci ng (versus DIP-stand ard O.l -inch
spacing used in the othe r elements) wit h adja -
cent rows staggered 0.1 inches.
Unique and welco me features on those Hob-
by- B/ ox elements include raise d molded lines
to show the elect rical connections bet ween sol -
EQUIPMENT REPORTS
continued f rom page 26
en
o
Z
o
a:
I-
1rl
...J
W
o
is

a:
32
Light-torque rotary switches
makethe LM-3.5ADMMas
easy to operate as it isto carl'\'-
Operator convenience is the key to our line of frequen cy and temperature met ers, too. Pictured left to
right, SC-5 prescaler, FM-7 frequency met er, LEDformat LT-3 digital temp meter, and its LCDcousin,
the LT-31. Top, the MLB-1 digital logic probe.
On a benchtop or a belt, over a shoulder or in a tool kit, the LM3.5A DMM, and its LCDcounterpart,
the LM-350,a re ready to go when you are .
...
<0
co
...
1 to 1,000 ,4 ranges
1 to 750, 4 ranges
1 to 10000 , 5 ranges
1 rnA to lA, 4 ranges
Automatic
0.3" Red LED
1.9" H x 2.7" Wx 4.0" D
9.2 oz (batteries installed)
3 type AA rechargeable
Nicad batteries and charger
$165.85
LM-3.SA at a glance.
PrIce
DCVolts
ACVolts
Kllohms
ACIDCCurreD!
Polarity SelectIon
Readout
Size
WeJghl
Power
LT-3 Digital Temp Meter. Featuring
0.1 resolution and high accuracy, the
3Y2-digit, 2,000 count full scale LT-3 is
indispensable for home or industry.
Checks everythingfrom thermostats to
applianc es . Even monitors critical
operations like photoprocessing and
electroplating.
The LT-3 can be suppli ed with any
of eight thermistor and RID temp
sensors to read ranges of 0-100
0
C,
32-199.9F, or 0-199
0C
or F.
Work outdoors? Then the LT-31
(LCDformat) is the ticket.
Get the word on us. We offer a full
lineup of conven ient, compe titively-
price d pr oducts . From DMMs, fre-
quency and temp meters to miniscopes
and DPMs.
For further technical information or
the names ofyour nearest distributor s,
contact Non -Linear Systems Inc .,
533 Stevens Ave., Solana Beach, CA
92705. Telephone (714) 755-1134.
NIX 910-322-1132.
e
Non-Unear Systems, Inc.
Specialists in the
science of staying ahead.
198 1 Non-Linear Systems. Inc.
Hobbyis ts , ra dio and tv studios ,
phone companies and the military all
depend on the versatile FM-7. Whether
the job calls for calibrating fixed, vari-
ab le frequency or voltage-controlled
os cillators, checking f1owmeters, high-
speed photocell counters, or se tting
the IFor heterodyne frequency in com-
munications equipment, the FM-7 is a
standout performer.
SC-S Prescalen Top range booster.
This 512-MHz, batt ery or ACline-oper-
ated prescaler was developed to extend
the frequency range of the FM-7 from
60 to 512 MHz. Adapts to most other
frequency meters , too.
FM-? The bantam frequency meter.
Portability teams with performance in
the FM-7. The small est, 7-digit, 60-
MHz,battery or ACline-operated instru-
ment availabl e.
Convenience. That's the key to Non-
linear Systems' best-selling LM-3.5A.
A high -performance, competitively-
priced, all-purpose mini DMM. Conven-
ience from light-torque rotary switches.
So operation's a cinch. Convenience
from bold, bright LEDs. For instant,
accurate, numeric answers. Unlike
some competitive meters, the LM-3.5A
features both vertical and horizontal
readings.And an optional leather carry-
ing case with belt loops and shoulder
strap assures hands-free operation.
At 9.2 oz., the LM-3.5Ais portability
at its bes t. There's more. The LM-3.5A
is a 3Y:! -digit DMM. Features 2,000
counts per range - 100%over-ranging.
Result? Increased accuracy and reso-
lution between readings of 999-2,000.
It also reduces the amount of ran ge
shifting when measuring near 1,000.
Troubleshooters swear by it. Repair-
men find the LM-3.5Aworks wonders
on tvs, business machines, even cam-
eras . Checks all quiescent ACand DC
voltage values. Spots current dr ains.
Measures the res ist ance of suspect
components . Quickly and precisely.
Other DMMs to match your needs.
The LM-3.5Ais just one in a full series
of 3 to 4-digit DMMs. If you need LCD
conven ienc e for measurements out-
doo rs, we market the LM-350,among
ot he rs. You do n't pay for true RMS
capabilities you don't need. But if you
do need true RMS readings, Non-linear
Systems can oblige.
CIRCLE 30 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
33
I(EITHLEY
VIZ RM TRIPLETT
PHILIPS
HICKOK ='F:=L=:U:EK:=E::t
Peak hold on voltage
and current funct ions
Selectable audible
indic ator for
cont inuity
or level detect ion
3 V2--digit resolution
0.1c basic dc accurac
LCD display
Overload protecti on
0.25% basic dc accuracy
LCD display
Overload protection
3V2 -digit resolutio n Six functions
de voltage
ac voltage
de cur rent
ae current
resist ance
diode test
Nine functions
dc voltage
ac voltage
de current
ae cu rrent
resistance
diode test
conductance (1/R)
logic level and
conti nuity detect
temperature (K-type
thermocouple)
DIGITAL MULTIMETERS
$139
Model 8022A:
The Troubleshooter
Seven funct ions
dc voltage
ac voltage
de current
ae current
resistance
diode test
conductance (1/R)
3 V2 -digit resoluti on
0.1% basic de accuracy
LCD display
Overload protection
Free case
Two year parts
and labor warranty
New Sweep/Function Generator
D'YMtU4ffl,t., MODEL 3020
a.A'1.. .111 Four instruments in one
package- sweep genera tor , func-
tion generator , pulse generator,
tone-burst generator.
Covers O.02 Hz-2MHz
1000 : 1 tuning range
Low-dis tortion high-accur acy
outputs
Three-step atte nuator plus
vernier co ntro l
Int ernal linear and log sweeps
Tone-burst output is front- panel or
externally programmable
$179
Measures caprc rtance
from 0.1pF to 1 Farad
Resolves to 0 . 1pF
10 ranges for acc uracy
and resolution
4 digit easy-t o-read LED
display
accuracy
Specia l lead insertio n
jacks or banana jacks
Fuse prot ected
Uses either rechargeable
or disposable battenes
Over range indication
MODEL 820
WIDE RANGING- fran 199.9 pF full scale
(0.1 pF resol ution) l.\l to 1999jJF full scale, in
eight ranges...virtually fNerycapacitance you'll
ever need to measure.
FAST ANDEASY TOUSE- Direct
p.JS!tJutton ranges. JJst pleg in andread.
EXCEPTIONALLY ,ACCURATE- provoes
O.1
%
basic accuracy.
TOUGHANDCOMPPCT - Built to takercugh
usage -.vithout ossof caloratoo accuracy. Fits
andgoesanyo,vihere; takes' verylittlebench
space; a"",ys handyfOf""ick capacitance
checkout, calbration, and
PORTABLE- Palrr-szed light-weight, eperates
up to awroximately 200 hours on a gy
a!<aline bettery.
EASY READING - big, clear, higl><:ontrast
3Y,-digit LCDcisplay, a full 0.5" high, readable
anyo,vihere.
VALUE PPCKED- measurennent
capabi lrty anddependability. Outpertorms DC
limeconstant nneters, andeven bridges
2 to 5 tinnes as rruch.
RELIABLE- warranteed !Of2 full years.
MODEL 3010

Call For Our Price
Gener ates sine, square and triangl e
waveforms
Variable amplitude and fixed TTL squa re-
wave outputs
0 . 1 Hz to 1MHz in six ranges
Push button range and function selection
Typical sine wave di sto rtion under 0.5
0
0
from 0. 1Hz 10 100kHz
Variab le DC offset for engineering

applications
veo ex ternal input for swee p-f reque ncy
tests
New Portabl e Digita l Capacitance Meter
V-151B 15 MHz Single Trace
V-152B 15 MHz Dual Trace
V-301B 30MHz SingleTrace
V-302B 30MHz Dual Trace
V-550B 50 MHz Dual Trace,
Dual Time Base
Call For
Special Intro
Price Offer
Call For Our Pric e
me'lil
ah
'
PRECISION
Model 938
0.1%, 3Y2-Digit, LCD DIGITAL
CAPACITANCE
METER
34
CJ)
o
z
o
a::
@
...J
W
o
15
-c
a::

-1(PRECISION
LEADER 0 DORIC I
DNon-UnoarSyalems WESTON q.l:.ATAPRECISION
$139.00
The Roadrunner
Model 6100
5 Range audible signal-
ing function
0.5" LCD display
6 Functions
29 Ranges
WESTON
5Hz to BOMHz reading guaranteed-
1OOMHz typical
Period measurements from 5Hz
to lMHz.
Per iod average. auto and manual
positions
One PPM resolution
Totalizes to 999999 plus overflow
Elapsed time measurements from .0 1
to 9999.99 sec onds plus overfl ow
One-megoh m input resistance
Ca ll For Our Pr ic e Bright .43 high LED readouts
80MHz Counter with Period Function
MODEL 1820
I(EITHLEY
Model 169
BENCH/PORTABLE DMM
3'12 Digit liquid crystal
display
0.25% basic accuracy
26 Ranges
$169.00
Single Trace 15MHz
DuaI Trace 30MHz
MS-15
THESE 1981 B&K OSCILLOSCOPES
ARE IN STOCK AND AVAILABLE
FOR IMMEDIATE DELIVERY
1479A Dual-Trace 30MHz
14n Dual-Trace 15 MHz
1432 Dual-Trace 15 MHz Portable
1476 Dual-Trace 10 MHz
1466 Single-Trace 10 MHz
1405 Single-Trace 5 MHz
1420 Dual-Trace 15 MHz Portable
CALL FOR OUR
EARLY BIRD SPECIAL LOW PRICE
Dual Trace 15 MHz
)ORTABLE
)SCILLOSCOPES
ATTERY OPERATED
I Non-Linear Systema
ICall For Our Prices
IS-215
THE TEST EQUIPMENT SPECIALISTS
TOLL FREE HOT LINE
800-223-0474
54 WEST 45th STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10036212-687-2224
.....
(0
ce
.....
35
CIRCLE 28 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
if)
o
Z
o
a:
t-
O
W
....J
W
6
Ci
<l:
a:
36
EQUIPMENT REPORTS
continued f rom page 32
base of the transistor also lights. If the device is
bad, the FAIL LED flashes altern ately with the
others. If the device is an FET, the N indicates
N-channel, the P indicates P-channel, and the
lead LED signifies the gate. The model 216
will not give a correct indicati on on some low
gm FET's because of their low on-resistance,
though it will indicate the validity of allY P-N
junct ion in the diode test mode. Also, the mod-
el 216 cannot test where there is no j unction,
as in the gate lead of an IGFET.
In the diode test mode, only the two lead
connections marked with a circled D are used,
and a good device is indicated by the light ing
of the appropriate PASS LED' s, indicat ing the
polarity of the diode or j unction . The inst ruc-
tion manual explains how to use that mode to
test SCRs, tri acs, bridges, and other devices.
The model 216 will not test PUT' s or tempera-
ture-compensated Zeners .
The circuitry of the Hickok model 216 is a
fascinating hybrid of analog and digital ap-
proaches to semiconductor test ing. A 4022
octal counter/driver scans the tester through a
sequence of tests, contr olling a total of 12 anal-
og switches. A bipolar oscillator 's output is
applied to two leads of the device under test,
and its third lead is connecte d to the input of
an op-amp configured as an inverting lowpass
(DC-smoothing) filter. All three permutat ions
of lead connections are tried, in sequence.
It can be shown that for the two-diode model
of a semiconductor, a device with an open or
shorted junction will always provide a zero out-
put from the op-amp for at least one of the
three configurat ions of leads, but a good device
never will.
The output of the first scan goes from the
op-amp filter to an op-amp integrator, and the
result of the thr ee lead configurations (two
always result in one polarity of voltage out of
the filter , the third in the opposite polarity) is
stored while the same three configurations are
repeated.
Thanks to some very clever use of logic
gates, a compar ison between the integrator-
stored majority-vote voltage polarity and the
second-scan output of the op-arnp filter trig-
gers three events: first, a four-second delay is
int roduced, inhibiti ng the next count of the
4022 and permitting adequate display time for
the results of the tester' s analysis; second,
another op-amp circuit lights either the P or N
LED depending upon the polarity of its input
(intriguingly, that same op-amp resets the
4022 to light the FAIL LED in the case of a
zero-voltage out of the filter); third, as that
sequence of events has uniquely indenti fied the
base lead, the approximate LED is lit.
The model 216 does not (rror is it intended
to) provide any information on the gain or any
other device characteristic. Those seeking
quanti tative tests must look elsewhere. But as a
qualitative tester, it is one of the simplest, most
foolproof, thorough and informat ive instru-
ment s we've encountered.
Power for the model 216 comes from a pair
of 9-volt batteries and a rechargeable batter y
option is available. All inputs are protect ed
with back-to-back Zener diodes in case of
residual voltages during in-circuit (power-
down) tests. Hickok offers a one-year limited
warr ant y. The I 8-page instruction manual in-
cludes a complete part s list, a schemat ic, and a
print ed circuit diagram.
Manufact urer's suggested U. S. retail price
for the model 216 is $135. It' s available
thr ough electr onic distri butors. R-E
Gold Line Model 1139
Base Station Power Supply!
CIRCLE 104 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
ALTHOUGH THERE ARE NUMEROUS DC POWER
supplies on the market, it is difficult to find
one with a higher current capacity. Gold Line,
(PO Box I I S, West Reddi ng, CT 00896) , an
established name in mobile-radio accessories,
has int roduced its model 1139 3-amp base-
station power supply. It is capable of short -
term current drains of up to five amps. Over-
heating prevents long-ter m use at t hose cur-
rent levels and the supply is protected from
overloads by a therma l switch.
The 13.5-volt supply is well-regulated, and
maint ains the voltage output up to 6 amps, at
which point the crowbar overload-protection
drops the voltage considerably.
t lu: <n ml l .... ~ <tv ru -, jou r-n a l
rnicrocomputing. get
~ ~ T I
An internal tr impot adj usts the output volt-
age from 13.5-15 volts. Voltage regulation is
provided by a type-723 IC, and the pass tran-
sistor is a 2N3055. A full-wave bridge consist-
ing of four I N5400 silicon diodes provides the
DC rectification.
The husky t ransformer is capable of running
at the full current limit without becoming hot.
The curre nt is limited by t he power transistor
which does become hot, even thoug h adequate-
ly heat-sinked. A thermostatic switch mounted
on the heat sink senses excessive heat dissipa-
tion and shuts down the power supply for sev-
eral minu tes when overloaded.
All circuit components (except t he trans-
former and outp ut transistor) are mounted on
a phenolic circuit boar d. An internal fuse pro-
vides addi tional circui t protection. That fuse is
soldered in place, but a replacement is rarel y
necessar y.
Our test unit worked well, after shipping
damage was repaire d. The filter capacitor leads
had broken loose duri ng shipment and the
power t ransformer was bent slightly on its
frame (up right type "A" mount ). Fortunately,
component spacing proved to be adequate, and
no secondary damage occurred from loose or
bent components.
The mode l 1139 power supply cabinet is fin-
ished in a black-wrinkle enamel. Ventilation
holes provide adequate cooling if the unit is
operated within its specified limits. Rubber
foot pads prevent t he unit from scratch ing the
surface of a desk or operating table. A front-
panel incandescent pilot lamp lights when the
unit is on. It is connected across the DC output
of the power supply, providing a bleed load
when the unit is off. A pair of (red and black)
press-release terminals on the rear apron of the
supply securely grips power leads.
The supply weighs about 4'/' pounds, and
measures 4'/, X 3 X 6 inches. Our unit came
without any literatur e or instructions.
Because of the 3-amp nominal current rat ing
of the 13.5-volt supply, it 'proves to be part icu-
larly well suited for home operation of most
mobile electronic equipment. The model 1139
3-amp base station power supply from Gold
Line sells for $2?98. R-E
Sony ICF-6700W
'General Coverage Receivell
BYTE..Jor the Serious
-Microcomputer User.
Do you use a personal computer for business or pleas-
ure? If so , join the over one-quarter million professionals,
beginners, engineers, and business people who get the'
latest microcomputer information in BYTE.
With a circulation of 170,000 and a total readership of
320,000, BYTE is the world's largest computer magazine.
Each month's issue brings you the latest about graphics,
mass storage, personal data bases, word processing,
speech synthesis, new integrated circuits, new software for
engineering, business and fun , plus do-it-yourself projects of
all kinds.
And if you are in the market for hardware or software,
our new expanded product review section gives you the un-
biased facts.
So, if you are serious about
serious about 8YTE.
ForeignRates (To expedite service. please remit In U5 Funds)
o Canada or ,\\em o 0 One year 521 (12 issues! 0 Two years $.38 0 Three years $.5.5
o Europe, one year (arr delivered) 54,3
o All other countries. oneveer (surface delivered) $,35 Air dehverv availableon request 7831
~ ~ ~ ~ CIRCLE 12 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD BYTEPubltcauons. Inc. \981
CIRCLE 105 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
FOR QUITE SOME TIME, MANUFACTURERS HAVE
made either very good or very bad shortwave
receivers. There seemed to be nothing in the
middl e. But now the mar ket is changing. Man-
ufacturers seem to be recognizing the fact that
there are a number of serious hobbyists who
enjoy casual monitoring of the shortwave spec-
trum and expect dependable equipment wit h
which to do it.
Sony has cont inued the t rend wit h a series of
fill in and mail the coupon today, Read your
first copy of BYTE, If it is everything you
expected. honor our invoice . If it isn ' t. just
writ e " Ca ncel" on the invoice an d ma il it back.
You won ' t be billed and the first issue is yours
at no char ge.
Slgn.n ure
Address
Cily
Mail coupon or
call us toll-free
800-258-5485
NameIplease print)
...
CD
CO
...
37
CIRCLE 51 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
Two programmed learni ng courses:
hardware and software; theory
and application.
room temperature on all modes. The display is
a little dim in bright ambient light, but that is
probably intentional for lower current drain
durin g bat tery operation.
The gating time of the display is a little slow,
so it takes a fraction of a second for the display
to catch up dur ing tuning. That has a tendency
to slow down the dial-searching process, be-
cause the receiver doesn' t have a calibrated
shortwave dial and the user is entirely depen-
dent upon the digital readout.
Frequency stability of the receiver is excel-
lent. Single sideband recept ion is quit e accept-
able, althou gh dial setting is touchy. There is
no fine tunin g, so the initial sett ing process is
rather delicat e.
Minor pulling of the oscillator frequency
occurs as a result of the normal AGe action
when receiving strong CW and SSB signals.
That effect is eliminated by reducing the RF
gain. There is some hand-capacitance effect
apparent on the front panel, but it is minor.
The mechanical stabilit y of the receiver is fair
and tapping or pressing the cabinet will result
in some frequency instability. No dial backlash
was det ectable,
The main tuning dial is a flywheel. It has a
good rugged feel to it, and seems securely
mount ed. A linear-preselector dial is used for
peaking the RF input to the receiver. It is
poorly calibrated, so the user must depend
upon an increase in background signal to know
whether or not he has optimized receiver sensi-
tivity. That may be a problem; if the preselec-
tor dial is peaked on the wrong frequency,
image interference will be enhanced, and de-
sired frequencies will be at tenuated. Proper
preselector setti ng may take a little gett ing
used to. The receiver does not have a noise
limiter and that may pose problems.
Antenna provisions include a built-in ferr ite
bar for AM broadcast (or push terminals for
an external wire antenna), and a collapsible
whip for FM and shortwave (or push termina ls
for an external shortwave antenna). Ther e is no
external FM antenna input.
One desirable featur e is the automatic fre-
quency-offset readout during upper and lower
sideband monitoring. When the station is
properly tuned in, the suppressed carrier fre-
quency will be displayed. The offset is 2
kHz, ideal for SSB recept ion.
The batt ery compartment is accessible from
the top of the cabinet (six D-type batt eries are
used). Wit h the lid flipped up, a world time-
zone chart and table of international broad-
casting frequency allocations is displayed.
Carr ying handles are mounted on the sides
of the receiver, and slots are provided to
accommodate shoulder straps. Adjust able plas-
tic feet allow the receiver to be tilted for com-
fortable viewing and operation.
The model ICF-6700W may be operated
from its own internal batt eries, from an exter-
nal 12-volt source (using a Sony battery cord
to drop the voltage to 9 volts) , or from AC
lines (110, 120, 220, or 240 volts AC, switch-
selectable). Power consumpti on (AC) is 7
watt s.
The accompanying service manual is rather
brief. It does provide basic user tips, but has
very littl e theory; no schemat ic or block dia-
gram of the receiver is included. No warranty
policy was supplied with the unit that we eval-
uated, but there was a list of regional service
centers.
The model lCF-6700Wlists for $439.95 and
it is available from Sony dealers. From Sony
Division, Sony Industri es, 9 W. 57th Street,
New York, NY 10019. R-E
,- -
,- -
..... . $19 95
$"95
.. .... $29.90
PHONE ORDERS - FREE
To order by phone, call (617) 664-2364
with your credit card information. It won't
cost you a dime, because we'll deduct t he
cost of your call fromt he price of t he courses
you order.
AIRMAIL
The prices shown include surface mail
postage anywhere in the world. Air mail pest-
age costs an extra $10 for bot h courses ( 10
volumes) .
DiSCOUNTS
Call or write for details of educational and
quantity discounts, and for dealer costs.
SAVE $5
1fyou order bot h courses, you save$5. Order
at no obligation today.
TO ORDER BY MAIL
You may use the order form below jf you
wish, but you don' t need t o. Just send your
check or money order (payable to Cam-

address is on your check or the envelope,

Electronics) , or "b ot h" (both courses) on
your check.
Mass. Resident s add 5% sales tax. We pay
all shipping costs.
We also accept company purchase or-
ders.
TAX DEDUCTIBLE
In most cases, the full cost of Ot.l courses
can be a t ax deductible expense.
NO RISK GUARANTEE
There' s absolutely no risk to you. If you' re
not completely satisfied with your courses,
simply return them t o Gl. l within 30 days.
We' ll send you a full refund, plus return post-
age.
sound qualit y superior to that found on most
small home-entertainment radios. A mult iplex
out put jack allows coupling of the FM IF sig-
nal to a stereo adaptor. A timer jack provides
for external on/off control of the receiver by a
suitable timing clock (unfortunately, neither
the stereo adaptor or timing clock are available
from Sony.) Separate recorder and headphone
output jacks are also included. Audio output is
900 milliwatt s (at 10% harmonic distort ion).
A switchable AFC control allows FM lock-
ing within approximately 100 kHz of the
center frequ ency. An illuminated signal-
strength met er doubles as a battery test er. The
digital, five-character, LED frequency display
works on all frequency ranges, and may be
switched off to conserve bat tery power during
portable operat ion of the receiver. It is quite
accurate and our sample was within I kHz at
NAME .
ADDRESS .. . ... , .... .
CITYISTATE/ZIP .. . . .
To: C.mbridge Lumlng Inc.. 1 Judith DIIYe. North RHding, MA01....
Please sendme
_ set s 01DeSIgn of DIgIt al Syst ems
_ set s of Digital Co mput er l ogiC& Erectromcs..
_ sets of bothcourses
Designing
Digital 'Systems
BASIC COURSE
Digital Comput er Logic & Electr onics
CONTENTS
Digit al Computer Logi c and Electronics
i s designed for the beginner. .No mat.he
matl cal knowledge other than Simple arlt h-
metic is assumed, t hough you should have
an aptit ude for logical thought It consists
of 4 volumes - each 11%" x 8If. " - and
serves as an int roduction to the subjec t of
digit al electronics.
Content s incl ude: Binary, oct al and
deci mal number systems ; conversion be-
tween number systems; AND, OR. NOR
and NAND gates and invert ers: Boolean
algebra and trut h tables; Det.,-1organ's

counters, shift regi st ers and halt- adder s.

, . , , . ,
1 " .. 1." ..
: 0

, . , , . ,
.. '.
, Order free by phone
Mastercharge/ ViSA
No shipping charges
Money-back guarantee
Tax deduct ible
, Save $5
Design of Digital Systems six volumes
ADVANCED COURSE
DESIGN OF DIGITAL SYSTEMS
Call (617) 66436 57 to
order by phone- free.
7 days. 204 hours
OUR CUSTOMERS
Design of Digital Systems has been
bought by more t han half the 50 lar gest
corpo rations In.America, and by Motor ola,
Intel, DEC, National Semiconducto r, Fatr-
chi ld, General Inst rument.
Packard, Heat h cc.. M.1. T., NASA, Smit h-
sonian Insti t ute, Bell Telephone Labs. And
many, many more, as well as corp orations
and individual s in over 50 count ries.
CAMBRIDGE
LEARNING Inc.
1 Judith Drive
North Reading,
>.4 A 0186<
Si x.' .r g ./otm. t r ol um. s - ch 11 '/. /( ' 1/..
CONTENTS
The contents of Desi gn of Digit al Sys-
tems incl ude:
Book 1: Octal. hexadecimal and binary
number systems: represent ation of nega
tive numbers; complementary systems:
binary mult iplicat ion and di vision.
Book 2: OR and AND functions; logiC

gates; truth tables; . Laws;
canoni cal forms: loql c convent ions; Kat-
naugh mapping; three-state and wired
3: Half adders and full adders; sub
tractors: serial and paralle l adders: pro-
cessors and arithmetic logic uni ts (ALUs);
multi pl icati on and di vi sion systems.
Book 4; eup-uops: shi ft regi ster s:
asynchronous counters; ring, Johnson and
exclusive-OR feedback count er; random
ac cess memori es (RAMs) ; reao-ontv
memories (ROMS).
Book 5: St ruct ure of cal cul ators: key-
board encodi ng; decodi ng di spl ay data;

inst ruction decoding : contro l program
st ructure.
Book 6: Central processing unit (CPU);
memory organization; character represen-
tat ion; program storage; modes:
input/ out put systems: program Inter rupt s;
interrupt priori t ies programming;
blera : execut ive pr ogram s. operatin g
systems, and tl rne-shannq,
qualit y, hobby-class radio receivers. One of the
better ones is the modeIICF-6700W.
The military-styled cabinet measures 18 X
7'/ , X 9 inches. Selectable upper or lower side-
band, AM, and CW modes are available from
.53-29.7 MHz (t he receiver skips 10.4- 11.3
MHz) with FM coverage from 87.5-108
MHz.
A narrow/ wide IF selectivity switch really
helps separate closely-spaced stations. Addi-
tional audio bandpass shaping is possible with
the separate bass and trebl e controls. The RF
gain control may be adj usted to reduce strong
signal overload on SSB.
The FM fidelity is very good, with the AM
EQUIPMENT REPORTS
continued from page 37
(J)
o
Z
o
a::
t-
O
W
-l
W
o
Ci
-c
a::
38
Two New Portable
Instruments From Simpson
Compare the Specs! Compare the Price!
MODEL 4543" DUAL TRACE
TRIGGERED SWEEP SCOPE
DC to 15 MHz bandwidth, 5 mV/div. sen-
sitivity, 100 nsec/div. (X5) to .5 sec/div.
swe ep rang e
Diff ere ntial amplifiers provide stable,
clean waveforms
Voltage calibrated vertical and horizontal
input att enuators
100 KHz chopping rate for low-speed
waveforms
Alt ernate mode automatically selected
on high sweeps
24 nsec ri se time, 0.5 V pop calibrator
Displays CH A, B, A and B, A + B,
A - B, Xand Y
External , CH A or CH B tr iggering, TV
sync
Compact 45/8 x 9-7/8 x 13-1/4", we ighs
131bs.
Two low-cap. X1/X10 probes inc luded
':::
MODEL 420 FUNCTION
, GENERATOR
Provides sine wave, triangle wave,
square wave and DC voltage output
Fixed TIL output drives up to 10 TIL
loads
Wide frequency coverage of 0.1 Hz to 1
MHz in 7 ranges
Voltage-controlled generator input for
sweep signals
Continuously variable DC offset control
with convenient Off position
Model 4200 provides ful l day 's operation
on batteries*, and it can also be re-
charged overnight. The instrument can
be operated from AC line voltage without
the batteries installed. * Batt eries not
supplied.
Compact 2.7 x 8.4 x 9 " unit matches our
DMM styling
Adjustable tilt-view handle
CIRCLE 53 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD 39
Economy. Accuracy. Portability. Versatility.
Whatever'simportant toyou,
count onus.
'Suggested u.s. resale. Prices, specificationssubject tochangewithout notice. iOCopyright 1981 Global SpecialtiesCorporation.
CIRCLE 58 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
GLOBAL Call toll-free for details
SPECIALTIES
CORPORATION
CIJ
U
Z
o
a:
I-
&l
..J
W
o
Ci

40
When it comes to frequency counters,
we've cut the industry giants down to size. Whatever
and wherever you're counting, we offer you far more
performance for far less money.
In handheld, start with our portable MAX-50 and
MAX-550 counter . At just $77* and $165*, they deliver
precision six-digit frequency readings to 50 and 550
MHz respectively. They feature easy, instant operation,
ideal for audio , VHF and UHF applications and are
availab le with a complete line of accessories and
input cables.
For a larger (0.43") disp lay, greater acc uracy or
TTL compatibility, our portable eight -digit MAX-100 is
the natural choice. With a range of 5Hz to 100MHz, it's
perfect for audio, video, microprocessor and RF
appl ications , in lab, production line or field. Especially
when you consider its 4ppm accuracy, versatility and
complete line of accessories at a low $149* price.
For more demanding challenges in process
control, audio applications and low frequency count -
ing, our remarkable Model 5001 Universal Counter-
Timer, priced at only $360*, offers a range of DC
through 10MHz. Measuring frequency (selectable gate
70 Fulton Terr.. New Haven, CT 06509(203) 624-3103, TWX 710-465-1 227
OTHEROFFICES: San Francisco (415) 421-8872, TWX 910-372-7992
Europe: Phone Saffron-Walden 079921682, TLX817477
Canada: LenFinkler Ltd., Oownsview, Ontario
times .01, .1, 1.0, 10 sec) , frequency ratio, period,
multiple period average , time interval, time interval
average and event count-on a bright, 0.43" eight- digit
LED display. All, with full input signal conditioning on
two input channels, and variable display sampling rate.
For the ultimate in high-prec ision, our Model 6001
is your best value. It covers a range of 5Hz to 650MHz
with a unique NBS-traceable 10MHz TCXO with
0.5ppm accuracy. And boasts selectable gate times,
switchable low-pass filter, external timebase input ,
buffered timebase output and a bright 0.43" eight-digit
LED display. Priced at just $425*, its performance is
unequa lled by counters at twice the price!
When you consider that all our counters are
guaranteed to meet or surpass published speci fica-
tions, isn't it time you had a Global Specialties' counter
on your bench?
JOSEPH M. GORIN
EXPANDER
NOISE FILTER
AUDIO SIGNAL RESTORATION UNIT __-
m dh
n
,
HI-FI NOISE FILTER/Range Expander
Bring out the best in any recording
with this combination noise filter/dynamic range expander.
FIG. 2-BLOCK DIAGRAMof the expander portion of the ASRU. The first stage sums both channels to
maintain stereo imaging.
+2r--T"T"I"TTInr-"\"'"'l..,.,.,"II'II""""T'T'
.....
(0
(Xl
.....
s::
-
:0
o
::r:
VOLTAGECONTRO LLEO
ATTENUATOR/AMPLIFI ER
VOLTAGE-CONTRO LLEO
ATTENUATOR/AMPLIFIER
IGHT
CHANNEL
LEFT
CHANNEL
human ear (see Fig. 3). That response is
shown by the well-known Fletcher-
Munson curves (Fig. 4) that depict the
sensitivity of the ear for equal perceived
loudness at different frequencies. Note
that, at most levels, the ear is signifi-
cantly more sensitive to midrange fre-
quencies than to high- or low-end ones.
In fact, due to the resonance of the ear
canal, the ear is most sensitive to
sounds in the 4-kHz range.
That midrange sensitivity accounts
very strongly for our perception of the
loudness of a sound and the control-
voltage filter is designed to take ad-
vantage of that fact.
The attenuation of both ends of the
audio spectrum tends to reduce the ef-
fects of noises such as turntable rumble
and FM multiplex "hiss. "
Furthermore, the steep roll-offat low
frequencies prevents low-frequency
signals from causing rapid and unnatural-
sounding gain changes. That is benefi-
cial because sudden changes in gain
during the period of a signal can result
in harmonic distortion-something we
SIGNAL
OUT
IV
CONTROL VOLTAGE FILTER
RIGHT
CHANNEL
LEFT
CHANNEL
SIGNAL
IN
A block diagram of the expander por-
tion of the ASRU is shown in Fig. 2.
The first stage sums the right- and
left-channel signals coming from the
noise filter so that both channels can be
controlled together, preventing the
stereo image from changing due to
variations in signal level in one channel
or the other.
The control -voltage filter takes the
output of the summing network and at-
tentuates the high- and low-end fre-
quencies to produce an audio signal
that approximates the response of the
ce
l'
z

-6l==*****$'""'Ttt
lmV 1 mV 100mV
SIGNALLEVEL
FIG. 1-EXPANSION CURVEof the ASRUshows
a shallow slope.
THE ARTICLE, "NOISE REDUCTION TECH-
niques," that appeared in the January
and February 1981 issues of RadiO-
Electronics, presented block diagrams
of commercially available dynamic
range expanders and noise filters. That
two-part article showed how, by im-
proving the dynamic range of even the
best recorded musical signals, expand-
ers and noise filters restore much of the
emotional impact that is lost during the
recording process. This two-part article
will describe the operation and con-
struction of a combination dynamic
range expander/noise filter called the
ASRU (Audio Signal Restoration Unit).
This month, we will describe the
basic operation of the ASRU and pro-
vide an in-depth description of how the
expander portion of the circuitry works.
Next month, we will discuss how the
noise-fIlter circuitry of the ASRU works
and provide the construction, installa-
tion, and operation details.
The expander-how It works
Like the expanders discussed in the
January 1981 issue of Radio-Electronics,
the expander section of the ASRU
makes the low-level signals softer and
the loud signals louder, thus providing
improved realism and reduced noise.
The expansion curve of the circuit
is shown in Fig. 1. Note that the to-
tal change in gain is about 8.5 dB; the
slope is very shallow. It requires over
40 dB of range to change from minimum
to maximum gain, for an average ex-
pansion rate of about 1.2:1 (the ratio of
output-level change to input-level
change in dB). The curve shown pro-
vides expansion without unnatural
side-effects.
41
5K 10K 20
K
,..........-

V
r-,
'--
1/
'--
'--
I-
....
'--I-.
80
J
g; 60

20
o
- 10 __.L...L.wJ.W.--J
20
-50
20 100 lK 10K 20K
FREQUENCY-Hz
FIG. 3-FREQUENCY RESPONSE of control-
voltage filter matches that of ear.
-40
- 30
OdB
+10
FIG. 4-FLETCHER-MUNSONcurves show that
the ear is most sensitive to midrange frequencies.
can do without.
The audio from the filter is passed
through a precision full-wave rectifier
that generates a current used to produce
the control signal.
The logarithmic curve-shaping and
attack/delay circuits convert that cur-
rent into a control voltage that is ap-
proximately proportional to the logarithm
of the current and that section of the
expander prov ides attack and decay
times that adjust themselves to the rate
of change in signal strength .
Finally, the control voltage is sup-
plied to the voltage-controlled attenua-
tor/amplifier where it is used to modify
the qualitie s of the original audio signal.
The ASRU's expander does not ex-
pand signals in the low-bass region as
much as it does in others. There are
two reasons for that.
First, consider Fig. 5-a, showing a
warp or rumble (very-low-frequency)
waveform along with a toneburst. As
can be seen in Fig. 5-b, at the moment
the tone burst is added , the level of the
warp signal will increase because the
expander will increase the gain and a
"thump" will be evident , even though
the warp noise alone was inaudible.
Figure 5-e shows what happens when
the ASRU is used-the " thump"
doesn't occur because the action at
very low frequencies is minimal.
Second, although the ear is relatively
insensitive to very low frequencies-
refer to the Fletcher-Munson curves in
- 10
'"
l'
- 20

'"
1
COMPOSITE spectrum-analyzer sweep
photos for the ASRU.
2
SPECTRUM-ANALVZER sweep photos for
the expander alone.
expander turned on, t he degree of
expansion for louder passages, less
for moderate passages and, in the
lower traces, even a bit of downward
expansion for quietest passages.
The Audio Signal Restoration
Unit operates with very few side
effects once it is properly adjusted . By
not allowing expansion to take place
at the bass frequencies, the designer
has overcome some of the pumping
and breathing effects common to
other linear expanders. The 1.2:1
ratio of expansion is quite moderate,
compared with some other com-
mercially available expanders, but
nevertheless is sufficient to add a
measure of realism to most program
material that has been compressed
during recording.
As for the variable-bandwidth
filters: if used to excess, they can
create some undesirable audible
effects; but it is possible to benefit
f rom them without suffering such
effects if adjustment of threshold and
bandwidth is caretully done while
listen ing to program material. We
did not find the indicator LED's to be
as helpful in setting up the unit as the
author had suggested : but we did
find that, with a litt le practice, we
were able to use the " ASRU" with just
about any component system that is
equipped with an ordinary tape-out/
tape-play monitor loop. The tape-
monitor loop on the ampli f ier that is
used to conect this unit is dup licated
on the unit itself, so owners of cas-
sette or open-reel tape decks need not
worry about losing it.
LEN FELDMAN
CONTRIBUTING HI-FI EDITOR
R-E TESTS IT
We tested a prototype of the Audio
Signal Restoration Unit in our labora-
tory, using static signals as well as
musical program material. As the
author suggests, setting up the
unit is a bit tricky. To some degree
(unless the expander section is
turned off altogether), there is some
audible interaction between the
various front-panel controls on the
unit. We found that the best setting
for the sensitivity control is such that
medium or average loudness-level
portions of the program source cause
sequential extinguishing of the in-
dicator LED's. The threshold control
should be set so that in the absence of
any signal, the lowest-level LED
flashes only occasionally.
With the expander switch to the ON
position, optimum sett ing of the
expander-sensitivity control oc-
curs when the right-hand LED flashes
only intermittently. Of course, it is
possible to use each sect ion (noise
reduction, dynamic filter and ex-
pander) as required, to suit program
material, but we found that with the
controls set as described above, we
were able to improve reproduction of
most program sources without having
to make extensive readjustments
every time we altered program material
or content.
With the expander out of the circuit,
and with the unit set for widest band-
width (no dynamic f iltering or noise
reduction), overall frequency res-
ponse of the unit measured flat within
0.7S dB from 20 Hz to 20 kHz.
The unit has essentially unity gain,
but that may be varied by means of the
input sensitivity control. With 0.5
volt input, we measured a signal -to-
noise ratio of 90 dB, IHF "A" -weighted.
With both the expander and the noise
filter on, total harmonic distortion
for a 1-kHz input signal at the O.S-volt
level measured 0.17%. With the ex-
pander turned fUlly off (the threshold
control at its minimum position) but
the noise filter on, distortion decreased
to less than 0.1% for the same test
signal.
A series of composite spectrum
analyzer sweep photos for the ex-
pander/filter/noise-reduction unit is
shown in Fig. 1. In both the upper and
lower series of sweeps, the expander
is on and degree of expansion is
varied, as are the noise reduction
and filtering act ion. Note that greater
expansion occurs at the higher signal-
level (upper traces) and that regard-
less of the level at which the tests
were made, no expansion is evident
at the low-bass frequencies.
Figure 2 shows the expander act ion
alone (without any noise reduct ion or
band-filtering act ion) . With the ex-
pander turned off , response is flat
from 20 Hz to 20 kHz; but with the
Cf)
o
z
o
a:
G
w
....l
W
6
B

a:
42
VOLTAGE
effective expansion.
b
s:::

:0
o
:I:
The noise filter-how It works
The heart of the noise-reduction sys-
tem is a triple-output, voltage-con-
trolled filter, the block diagram of
which is shown in Fig. 7. It is a state-
variable filter, which means that cer-
tain of its characteristics can be modi-
fied while others are maintained.
The integrators process the signal
for use by later stages of the noise-
reduction system (see Fig. 8). For
sinewaves, the output is reduced by a
factor of two (6 dB) for every octave
increase in input frequency. By vary-
ing the gain or time-constant of those
integrators, or the amount of feedback
around them, the comer frequency (the
frequency at which the amount of atten-
uation reaches 3 dB) can be changed
without changing the shape of the
filter.
Refer to Fig. 8 as we discuss the
ASRU noise-reduction system.
If no signal is present , the control
voltage sets the comer frequency of
the triple-output filter to 1.2 kHz.
Figure 9 shows the frequency response
of each output of the triple-output
filter with the comer frequency set at
1.2 kHz. The overall output of the
noise filter is taken from the low-pass
output via a buffer. Thus, with no in-
put signal present, any noise will be
greatly attenuated.
If a 5-kHz tone is suddenly applied
to the input, it will appear unatten-
uated at the high-pass output and will
be greatly attenuated at the low-pass
and bandpass outputs . The AC-DC
converter connected to the high-pass
output will provide a strong signal
that will rapidly pass through the
attack/delay element and cause the
control voltage to increase. As the con-
trol voltage increases, the comer fre-
quency of the filter will also increase
until it exceeds 5 kHz.
Soon there will be a stronger signal
in the bandpass section than in the
high-pass section . That is converted to
DC and will be fed back and reduce
the control voltage. In the case of a
steady tone, that action will serve as a
feedback loop that forces the band-
width of the filter to " catch" the input
frequency, allowing it to go through
the low-pass filter to the output, while
the noise above that frequency is
filtered out.
Music, of course, is more than just
simple tones. The ASRU noise filter
will track the highest significant fre-
quency of a complex signal. During
a transient-a short, but intense, in-
crease in high-frequency energy-the
comer frequency will overshoot slightly.
That is desirable, since transients mask
noise very well.
If the signal is extremely strong,
20K 10K
f
INTEGRATOR
lK
vs. frequency response at varying con-
trol-voltage levels. Note how well that
matche s the changes in gain sensitivity
shown in Fig. 4.
The ASRU' s shallow expansion-
slope , midrange-emphasized control-
signal and minimized low-bass ex-
pansion explain why it is so clean-
sounding, while allowing 8.5 dB of
f
INTEGRATOR
FREQUENCY-Hz
100
+
"VITI I
IIII
V =znv
II
Vc =
tf-l..U1


I l'\.
r-
V
e
=r
v

IIII I I I
.....TI ME
-4
-6
20
SIGNAL __+_{
IN
+2
c
-1
I
z
-2
o
Fig. 4-once their level is above the
threshold of hearing, a 2-dB increase
appears as great as a 5-dB increase in
the midrange area.
For both of those reasons, as well as
to keep distortion to a minimum, the
ASRU's expander does not expand the
low-bass as much as it does the mid-
range. Figure 6 shows the ASRU's gain
FIG. 6-THE ASRU's gain vs. frequency response curves at varying control-voltages. Note that the
low-bass region is not expanded.
HIGHPASS BANDPASS LOWPASS
FIG. 7-THE TRIPLE-OUTPUT voltage-controlled filter has two integrators for each channel.
FIG. 5-WARP OR RUMBLE (thin line) with tone burst (thick line). The ASRU(c) eliminates thumps by
not expanding such a signal.
43
PARTSUST
The following are available from Sym-
metric Sound Systems, 912 Knobcone
Plsce, Loveland, CO 80537: Complete
kit (ASRU) $110.00; PCboerds (ASRU-
PC), $18.00. Write for Information on
assembled units. No other parts or
different combinations are available.
End panels are unfinished. All prices
Include UPS shipping within U.S.
Colorado residents add 3% tax.
EXPANDER-oNLY KIT
semiconductors
0201-0204,0206-0210,0501-0513,
0515-0517-1N4148
0205-3.3-volt Zener
0514-4.7-volt Zener
0601-0604-1N4001
LE0201-LE0204, LE0501, LE0502-
mini-LED (TL209 or equivalent)
0201.0203, 0501, 0502-2N3904
0204.o206--2N4250
IC1, IC2, 1C4, IC7, 1C9, IC10, IC11-
RC4136 quad op-amp
1C3, 1C6-4049 CMOS hex 'i nverter
IC5, 1C8-739 dual audio preamplifier
IC12, IC13-78L12A 12-volt positive
voltage regulator
L201, L202-6.8 mH coil
T1-13.5 VAC, 350 mA, wall-plug
transformer (Oormeyer PS14204or
equivalent)
J1-J4, J101.J104-RCA-type
phono jacks
S1, S2-0POT toggle or slide switch
Miscellaneous: 12-conductor ribbon
cable, IC sockets, chassis and end
panels, solder, wire, hardware, etc.
For those requiring only the ex-
pander portion of the ASRU, a kit,
somewhat different from the one
described here, is available from
Symmetric Sound Systems. That
kit, the EX-1 , is priced at $60.00. A
bare PC board, the SSS7, is also
avai lable for $11.00. See parts list
for ordering information. A sche-
matic, parts list , and a diagram for
laying out your own EX-1 PC board
can be obtained from the above
company if a self-addressed, legal-
size, stamped envelope (28 cents)
is sent along with the request.
the clamp in the bandpass section will
allow the bandwidth to extend all the
way to 25 kHz. The attack/decay cir-
cuitry is designed so the bandwidth of
the filter can be expanded rapidly, but
takes longer to decrease than it did to
increase. Because of the large amount
of feedback used to control the band-
width, that nonlinear response does
not affect the steady-state (constant-
level) response , but becomes very
important in the case of transients.
As pointed out in the "Noise Re-
duction Techniques" article in the
February 1981 Radio-Electronics, one
of the advantages of a filter/expander
combination is that each section can
be adjusted to keep side-effects to a
continued on page 110
>-_.. SIGNAL
OUT
LOW-PASS
R225, R233, R313, R413,R504-
560 ohms
R227, R527-120 ohms
R301, R401, R526, R536-1500 ohms
R311, R411, R525-12,ooo ohms
R505-470,ooo ohms
R511-910,ooo ohms
R512, R515, R517-22,ooo ohms
R518, R523-47,ooo ohms
R524-47 ohms
R601-1.5 ohms
capacitors
C1, C3, C5, C101, C103, C105, C201,
C202, C204, C506-0.01 IAF, 5%
Mylar
C2, C6, C7, C102, C106, C107, C503,
C504-3.3 35 volts, electrolytic
C4, C104, C205, C212-C214-0.022",
10%, Mylar
C203-0.OO1 10%, Mylar
C206, 10%, Mylar
C207, C209--680 pF ceramic disc
C210, C211, C301,
25 volts , electrolytic
C215, 35 volts, electrolytic
C216,C302,C307,C402,C407,C502-
0.1 5%, Mylar
C303,C304,C403,C404,C501-
100 pF, ceramic disc
C305, C306, C405, C406-22
16 volts, electroytic
C601, 25 volts,
electrolytic
ceramic disc
MAX
,
NOISE REOUCTION CONTROL
5kHz
I
I
LOWPASS
OUTPUT
HIGHPASS
BANOPASS
1.2kHz
I
I
I
I
I
I
CORNER
FREQUENCY
INPUT
1.2kHz TO
25kHz
CORNER
FREQUENCY
OETERMINATION
BUFFER
GAIN
All resistors V.. watt, 5% unless other-
wise specified
R1, R9, R10, R101, R109, R110, R221 ,
R521,- 100,000 ohms
R2-R5, R102-R105, R211, R213, R214,
R305, R306, R309, R310, R405,
R406, R409, R410, R519, R533,
R535-10,ooo ohms
R6, R106, R230, R507, R508, R520,
R53(}-20,ooo ohms
R7, R12, R107, R112-200 ohms
R8, R14, R15, R108, R114, R115, R205
R501, R502, ohms
R11, R111, R218-36,ooo ohms
R13, R113, R201, R208, R209, R212,
R215, R220, R222, R229, R513,
R522, R528--4700 ohms
R16, R116, R202, R203, R210, R503-
10,000 ohms, 30%, slide potentiom-
eter , linear taper
R17, R117, R506, R537-3900 ohms
R204-2700 ohms
R206, R207-1.5 megohms
R216-68,ooo ohms
R217, R509-3300 ohms

R224, R307, R308, R312, R407, R408,
R412, R514, R531,R532,
1000 ohms
R226, R516-270 ohms
R228-150 ohms
R231, R302, R303, R402,R403--
270,000 ohms
R232, R304, R404-1200 ohms
R223, R51(}-6800 ohms
TRIPLEOUTPUT
FILTER
SIGNAL
IN
AG. 9-THE TRIPLE-DUTPUT filter has low-pass, hlgh-pass, and bandpass outputs. The scale here Is
log-log.
AG. 8-BLOCK DIAGRAM of the ASRU's noise reduction system. " no signal Is present, the comer
frequency of the filter Is set to 1.2 kHz.
en
Co)
z
o
a:
b
w
...J
W
6
B

a:
44
NEW
DEVELOPMENTS IN
With us since radio's early days, jamming stands as the biggest
obstacle in the way of fair use of the shortwave broadcast-bands.
Here's a look at the current situation.
STANLEY LEINWOLL
WHAT WILL PROBABLY TURN OUT TO BE
the most important shortwave broad-
cast ing conference ever held has been
scheduled by the Administrative Coun-
cil of the International Telecommuni-
cation Union.
Acting on the recommendation of
WARC-79, (World Administrative
Radio Conference-I979), the Council
has set January 1983 for a shortwave
broadcasting WARC that is to establish
technical standards and procedures
related to planning the use of the short-
wave broadcast spectrum. A second
session of the BC-WARC is scheduled
for October 1984. At that session an
attempt will be made to plan the effi-
cient and equitable use of the bands
allocated to shortwave broadcasting.
The Conference has its work cut out
for it, with a number of major obstacles
to overcome before any serious effort
at planning can succeed. One of the
problems overhanging the Conference
like a dark and ominous cloud is jam-
ming. Indeed, many of the world's
most competent shortwave broad-
casting experts feel that rational plan-
ning of high-frequency broadcast -
ing is impossible as long as jamming
continues.
To understand fully why jamming
and technically feasible high-frequency
broadcast planning are judged by many
observers to be incompatible, it is
necessary to provide some information
about jamming, and to describe at-
tempts by jammed broadcasters to
overcome it.
Jamming is the deliberate transmis-
sion of raucous, irritating noise and
other interference on a frequency in
order to hamper or utterly destroy the
programs of another broadcaster op-
erating on the same frequency.
Jamming doesn't only interfere with
the target broadcast; it also degrades
the transmissions of broadcasters
operating on adjacent frequencies be-
cause of its broadband characteristics.
Consequently, for each frequency
jammed, three are adversely affected, as
a rule: the one being jammed, plus the
frequency on either side of that one.
During the height of the Cold War,
virtually every major Western broad-
caster transmitting to the Communist
world was jammed. In recent years,
however, there has been a decrease in
jamming ; but it is still a serious blight
on the shortwave spectrum. At the
present time the USSR and some of its
satell ite countries are responsible for
most of the jamming being observed.
Soviet jamming is currently being
directed principally toward the broad-
casts of Radio Free Europe, Radio
Liberty, The Voice of Israel, and the
People' s Republic of China. In addi-
tion, the People's Republic of China
jams some Soviet programs beamed
to China .
To accomplish their task, the USSR
and its satellites have developed a
highly complicated and very sophis-
ticated jamming network, consisting of
several thousand jammers at hundreds
of different locations throughout east-
ern Europe. It is estimated that it takes
about five thousand technicians and
administrators to operate the jamming
system at a cost far exceeding that of
the broadcasts being jammed. Further-
more, the original cost of setting up
such a jamming system probably ex-
ceeded a quarter of a billion dollars.
There are two types of jammers:
local, and sky-wave. Local jammers
operate primarily in and around large
population centers, usually those with
a population of a quarter of a million
or more persons . They are generally
located so that they overlook the region
to be jammed. Local jamming, which
is often incorrectly referred to as

JJ
o
:r:
.....
<0

45
SKY-WAVE
JAMMING )
TRANSMITTER ;:$:'
;:$:'
;:$:'
;:$:'
;:$:'
'"
1J)))Ji 0IRECT
) )jJ)))) WAVE
.... . '}))))jJ))))
POPULATI ON CENTER
FIG. 1-LOCAL JAMMING consists primarily ofa dir ect wave and a reflected wave. The ground wave
is fairly unimportant in this type of jamming.
tried to overcome its effects in a num-
ber of ways. Some of those techniques
have failed while others have been
highly successful. In order to assess
fully the impact of jamming on plan-
ning efforts at WARC-83/84. the major
anti-jamming techniques will be dis-
cussed.
Those anti-jamming techniques in-
clude using high-power transmitters of
up to 1000kW, and high-gain, highlydi-
rectional curtain antennas, by means of
which effective radiated powers of more
than joo megawatts can be achieved.
That brute force technique produces very
high signal-levels, on the order of five
to ten millivolts-per-meter, delivered
to the target areas. Signals of that order
of magnitude put considerable strain
on the jammers and increase areas in
which desired signal strengths are
above the jammer noise. That enables
listeners to receive the programs.
One of the best methods of counter-
ing the effects of jamming is generally
known as saturation- or barrage-
broadcasting, in which as many trans-
mitters as possible-each on a different
frequency-are massed simultaneously
to carry a particular program. Satura-
FIG. 2-SKY-WAVE JAMMING uses the Ionosphere to propagate jamming signals over great distances.
en
o
z
o
II:
b
w
....J
W
6
15

II:
46
ground-wave jamming, consists prin-
cipally of a direct wave and a reflected
wave , as shown in Fig. 1. It is evident,
from Fig. 1, that ground-wave jamming
plays a relatively minor role in the
effectiveness of that type of jammer.
The effective range of local jammers
depends on the height of the jamming
antenna. Although the average range
is about 20 to 30 kilometers from the
antenna tower, it is obvious that the
higher the antenna, the greater the dis-
tance the jamming signal will travel.
Most local jamming antennas are placed
on tall buildings, church steeples, or
on hills or mountains overlooking the
target.
Depending on the size of the area
they must cover, and the number of
people in it, local jamming stations
have between fifteen and fifty jamming
transmitters . Those are of relatively
low power, which ranges from 5 kW
to 20 kW each .
Sky-wave jammers are used to prop-
agate the jamming signals great dis-
tances via the ionosphere. They can
cover considerably larger areas than
the local jammers, and their principal
mission is to blanket areas lying in the
rural and suburban parts of a target
area that lie beyond the range of the
local jammers. That is shown in Fig. 2.
Sky-wave jamming transmitters
are of much higher power than local
jammers, being of the order of 50 kW
to 100 kW each . The antenna systems
used are more sophisticated (rhombics
and log-periodic antennas, compared
with low-gain broadband dipoles em-
ployed with local jamming transmitters.)
Jamming transmitters are modulated
in two ways: white noise is produced
electronically and covers most of the
audio spectrum. It is referred to as
noise jamming and is very effective.
In Mayak jamming, distorted pro:
gram material is transmitted in lieu
of white noise . The word mavak means
"beacon," which is the name of one
of the Soviet domestic home-service
programs . It is not unusual to find
three or four simultaneous Mayak
transmissions, each slightly out of
phase with the' orders, each distorted,
operating on one frequency. They, too,
are highly effective.
Over the years, broadcasters whose
transmissions were being jammed have
INCOMING
BROADCAST
SIGNALS
tion-programming has been quite suc-
cessful in putting pressure on the jam-
ming system to the point where some
of the frequencies being used to trans-
mit a program are either thinly covered
by the jammers, or not covered at all.
It is obvious that even in population
centers with their own local jamming
networks, if more than fifteen trans-
mitters are used to carry a program and
the jammer complex has fewer than
fifteen jammers, some frequencies
will be clear of local jamming.
In the past, when broadcasts of
BBC, VOA, Deutsche Welle, etc.
FIG. 3-DURING THE TWILIGHT PERIODonl y local jamming is effective because key-wave jamming
signals are not refl ect ed by the Ionosphere.
BROADCAST TRANSMITTER
were jammed, efforts were made to
coordinate programming among them
so t hat the maximum number of fr e-
quenci es were bei ng used t o car ry
j ammed transmissions. That method,
when used, was hi ghly successful.
Per haps the most effect ive method
of all for overcoming jammi ng is t he
The Germans are generally credited
by radio historians as being the
fi rst to use jammi ng techniques.
As early as 1915, they transmitted
rand om characters to disrupt a ra-
diotel etype circ uit between France
and Russia, which were allies dur-
ing World War I.
In the 1920's, before radio broad-
casting was regulated, some broad-
casters del iberately transmitted on
frequencies being used by com-
pet ing broadcasters in an effort to
drown out their programs. Although
some of t he interference caused
during those early days was acci -
dental , there is no doubt that much
of it was intentional.
The fi rst case of polit ical j am-
min g occurred in the mid-1930's
before the German-Austrian ansch-
luss. The government of Chancel -
lor Dolfuss of Austr ia jammed
some Nazi-German broadcasts to
Austria that were crit ical of that
country . The Nazis themselves
were qu ick to recognize the effec-
t iveness of jamming to keep out
unfavorabl e comment, and the
Spanish, French , Russians, Japa-
nese, and Italians soon foll owed
suit.
Jamming increased in intensity
and effectiveness during World
War II. being used as a mil itary
weapon, both to keep out unwanted
broadcasts and to disrupt mil itary
ci rcui ts. The Germans jammed
use of a basic shortwave radio prop-
agat i on technique usually referred to
as twilight immunity. During the day-
light hours the ionosphere i s abl e to
propagate higher frequencies than at
night. That i s so because radi ation
from the sun produces ions and free
el ect rons in the ionosphere. The range
A HISTORY OF JAMMING
broadcasts of the BBC extensively,
and the escape to the open seas
of the German warships Scharn-
horst, Gneisenau, and Prinz Eugen,
under the nose of British artillery,
was possible because the Germans
effectively jammed British radar
install at ions overlooking the En-
glish Channel.
With the advent of the Cold War
after the conclusion of World War
II in 1945. jammi ng flour ished to an
extent that had not been dreamed
of before. The Russians jammed
programs in the Russian language
that were beamed to the USSRfrom
Franco Spain , and the Spanish , in
turn, jammed Spanish-language
broadcasts emanating from the
Soviet Union.
In early 1948, however , a jam-
ming effort was begun by the Rus-
sians that dwarfed anything that
had been attempted before. In Feb-
ruary of that year a dozen or so
Russian transmitters were used to
jam the Russian-language pro-
grams of the Voice of America. The
Russian-language broadcasts of
the BBC were jammed shortly
thereafter, and by 1950,. over 450
such jamming t ransmitters were in
operat ion .
Although we have no way of
knowing for certain, it appears that
the dec ision to launch a massive
jamming campaign was two-
pronged: first, it was a method of
of frequencies the ionosphere can r e-
flect i s proportional to the number of
those particles. At night, radiation
from the sun i s cut off and free elec-
t ro ns and ions begin to re-combine,
resul ting in a l ess dense ionosphere,
whic h is capable of supporting only
the lower frequencies.
It follows, therefore, that a trans-
mitter to the west of a target area will
enjoy a period of several hours in t he
l ate afternoon (twi l ight ) when the path
between the transmitter and the target
i s in daylight, but the target area itself
i s in darkness. That is shown in Fig. 3.
During that twilight period as many
high-frequency transmissions as possi -
ble are schedul ed. Examination of
Fig. 3 shows that jammers operating
via the sky-wave mode are relatively
ineffective because attempts to use the
higher frequencies are generally f ruit-
less, si nce those frequencies are not
reflected by the ionosphere. During
twilight immunity-periods only local
j ammers are effecti ve. Since there are
literally thousands of cities and towns
that do not have local jammers, a high
degree of effectiveness can be achieved
by using the saturation technique.
. It i s clear at thi s point that attempts
by WARC-83/84 to develop technical
standards or to plan the rational use
of the spectrum will be severely ham-
pered by continued jamming.
Preliminary pl anning for the broad-
cast i ng WARC has included discus-
keeping control of the information
monopoly with in the USSR, where
total censorship of news from ex-
ternal sources was the policy. Sec-
ond , jamming could be used mili-
tar ily, as had been demonstrated in
World War II, and by operating large
numbers of jammers the military
jamming-machine was kept well
oiled.
By the end of 1951, most of the
other countries in the Communist
orbit had commenced jamming
operations of their own against
Western broadcasts; and i n the
beginning of 1952, over 1.000 jam-
ming transmitters were in continua l
operation .
By 1956, between 2,500 and
3,000 jamming transmitters were in
operation against most major
Western broadcasters, with partic-
ular attention to Radio Free Europe
and Radio Liberty, which had begun
broadcasting i n 1951 and 1953 re-
spectively.
On November 24, 1956 the first
break in the electronic curtain
occurred when jammi ng directed
against RFE Polish- language
broadcasts abruptly ended after
a series of riots in the Polish city
of Poznan, and the coming to power
of a new Pol ish leader , Ladislaw
Gomulka.
The Polish press had been com-
plaining vociferously about jam-

>
JJ
o
:I:
47
(j)
o
z
o
a:
t;
w
...J
W
6
Q
-c
a:
48
ming, and there is considerable
evidence to indicate that the peo-
ple of Poland resented it. That is
supported by the fact that dur ing
the first hours of the Poznan riots
the local j ammi ng stat ion in that
city was destroyed.
The hiatus in jammi ng against
RFE Pol ish-language programs
lasted 14 years. In 1970, following
food riots in the north of Poland,
jamming against RFE Polish pro-
grams was hast ily resumed. Appar-
ently caught off -guard , Polish
authorities ordered that t ransmit-
ters being used by Radio Warsaw
in its external shortwave broad-
casting service be redeployed
and operated as jamming trans-
mitters. Unt il jamming transmi tters
became available, Radio Warsaw
international service was sharply
curtai led.
Additional major breaks in the
jamming pattern began i n June
1963, when jamming directed
against BBC and VOA broadcast-
ing in the languages of the USSR,
including Russian, were discon-
t inued shortly after the conclusion
of an atomic test-ban t reaty. That
marked the fi rst t ime in 15 years
that t hose prog rams were un-
jammed, and were another indica-
sions of power limitations, limiting the
number of frequencies per transmis-
sion, protection ratios, and the gradual
introduction of single sideband to the
broadcasting service.
Evidently, rational planning in the
face of jamming is a paradox. In addi-
tion, ' jamming against broadcasters
such as the BBC and Voice of America
can resume at any time, since the
USSR has demonstrated in the past
that it can turn jamming on and off like
a faucet.
The United States is eager for the
BC-WARC to succeed because this
country firmly believes in the rational,
equitable use of the high-frequency
New software systems to spur
office automation
Lack of integration is possibly the great-
est weakness in the present rapid automa-
t ion of of fice systems. Too often many of
the benefits of part ial automation are not
realized. For example, a word processor
may be obtained, but remain isolated from
existing automated facil iti es, such as ma-
chine dictation, telephone, and facsimile.
By the mid-1980 's, reports Frost &Sull i-
van, lnc. , international business research
reporters, that piecemeal approac h to
business automation wil l be replaced by
general systems offering a broad and inte-
grated range of faci lit ies: text editing, re-
port formatting, teleconferencing, mail
calendar, on-l ine data access, stat istical
tion that a thaw in the Cold War
had occurred. In July 1963, Ro-
mania stopped jamming all West-
ern broadcasts : in February 1964,
Hungary followed suit.
Two months later , Czechoslo-
vakia stopped most jamming of
BBC and Voice of America pro-
grams , but continued jamming
RFE.
However, jamming can be turned
on and off at the discret ion of the
Communist bloc; therefore, the
situation proved t be temporary.
On August 21, 1"1( J , 200,000 War-
saw Pact troops I vaded Czecho-
slovak ia and wit hi n hours massive
jamming of VOA, BBC and Deutsche
Welle was resumed. It conti nued
unt il 1973, when it was agai n dis-
continued.
The jamming tr ansmitters no
longer being used agai nst BBC and
VOA broadcasts were not taken out
of service. Relations between the
USSR and the People's Republ ic
of China had worsened in 1973,
and many of the jamming transmit-
ters were rescheduled against
Peking transmissions in Russia to
the Soviet Union.
In addition, the Soviets had
launched a major jamming effort
against the Voice of Israel, whose
broadcasts to the Soviet Union
broadcast spectrum. It is a certainty,
therefore, that U.S. planning for
WARC-83/84 will emphasize the tech-
nical standards and planning necessary
to a successful conference. However,
it would be naive to assume that the
ugly specter of jamming does not loom
over the Conference, or that it will not
be a major impediment to its successful
conclusion.
At WARC-79 the United States ex-
pressed its grave concern about jam-
ming by entering a formal reservation
when it signed the Final Acts of the
Conference. This reservation states:
"The administration of the United
States of America, calling attention
analysis, dictation, telephone services,
document and information retrieval, dic-
tionary, and other services.
Hardware components for such sys-
tems, says F & S, are already available.
Software is the primary bottleneck. Three
fundamental challenges must be faced by
software for future automated off ice sys-
tems : adaptability to changing user needs,
suitability to extensive customization,
and conformability to existing off ice
pract ices (rather than vice versa).
New fusion-reactor concept
Hope for an earlier solution of the prob-
lem of nuclear fusion is being held out by
scientists of t he University of Wisconsin.
Their new conceptual nuclear reactor de-
sign-which is yet to be tr ied out experi-
called for a more liberal emigration
policy towa rd Soviet Jews-a posi-
tion not greeted with enthusiasm
by the Soviet Politburo.
At the present t ime, all Radio
liberty programs beamed to the
Soviet Union are jammed. In addi-
t ion, Radio Free Europe programs
in BUlgarian, Czechoslovak, and
Polish are jammed . Radio Free
Europe programs in Hungarian and
Romanian are not. Deutsche Welle
programs i n Bulgarian are jammed
and Voice of Israel broadcasts to
the USSR in Russian, Hebrew, and
Yiddish are jammed, as are Peo-
ple's RepUblic of China transmis-
sions to the USSR in the Russian
language.
On August 20, 1980, the Russians
resumed jamming of the Voice of
America, BBC, and Deutsche Welle.
The resumption of jamming , after
seven years, was generally thought
to be due to growing labor unrest
in Poland , and the Russians' fear
that it could spread to the Soviet
Union. BBC and Deutsche Welle
programs in Russian were affected.
Voice of America broadcasts in
Russian, Ukrainian, Uzbek, Ar-
menian, Latvian, Lithuanian, and
Estonian were hit by noise jammers
and Mayak jammers.
to the fact that some of its broad-
casting in the high-frequency
bands allocated to the broadcast-
' ing service is subject to willful
harmful interference by adminis-
trations that are signatory to these
Final Acts, and that such interfer-
ence is incompatible with the ra-
tional and equitable use of these
bands, declares that for as long as
this interference exists, it reserves
the right with respect to such inter-
ference to take necessary and
appropriate actions to protect its
broadcasting interests. In so doing,
however, it intends to respect the
rights, to the extent practicable, of
administrations operating in ac-
cordance with these Final Acts."R-E
mentally-is called WITAMIR (Wisconsin
Tandem Mirror). They believe that
WITAMIR has many advantages over
TOKAMAK, the Russian design up to now
considered the most promising.
The new concept calls for a magnetic
confinement vessel as long as a football
f ield and roughly ten yards in diameter.
Magnets would be positioned along the
length of the chamber, and several extra
coils placed at each end to reduce plasma
leakage.
It is t hose extra coi ls, whi ch create elec-
trostatic and magnetic potentials that hold
the plasma in the long central tube, that
give the new concept an advantage over
earlier ideas. " It is the first tandem mirror
design that could produce electricity
cheaper than a Takomak, and be easier
to build and mainta in, " according to
Gerald Kuchinski, leader of the University
of Wisconsin's fusion- research program.
MARTIN BRADLEY WEINSTEIN
THIS IS THE FINAL INSTALLMENT IN OUR
series on electronics and automobiles.
This month we'll take a look at how
electronics are helping carmakers de-
sign-in self-diagnostics that aid the ser-
vice and repai r operations every car
eventually requires.
An interesting concept in auto ser-
vice is being developed at the General
Motors Service Development Center at
Warren, MI. When you buy a new car,
the selling dealer installs a small, inex-
pensive radio transmitter that sends out
a signal with your personal code.
When you reach the dealership and
drive up to the service garage, a re-
ceiver reads the code . The garage door
is opened and the code is passed to a
computer where your service records
/ are stored.
By the time your car is in the door,
the service technician knows who you
are and has a complete service record
of the car, including a flag on any re-
calls. The computer terminal even
prints out your repair order, saving
another aggravating delay.
That personalized code, by the way,
would be your vehicle' s VIN (Vehicle
Identification Number). New Federal
requirements are increasing it from I3
digits to 17. There may be an added
benefit in tran smitting that code: it
would make police recovery of stolen
vehicle s much easier. Unfortun ately, it
would also make computerized ticketing
for such offenses as speeding a tech-
nological breeze.
Check engine
A new telltale signal (idiot light) is
showing up on car dashboards. It reads
CHECK ENGINE, or something very
close to it (Fig. I). James G. Vorhes,
General Motors Vice President in charge
of Consumer Relations and Service , ex-
plains why it's there:
.'The Computer Command Control
system (see Fig. 2---ditor) has been
on most of the GM gasoline-engine
automobiles in California since the
start of the 1980 model year and will
be on nearly all cars sold in this
country in the 1981 model year. It's
the largest new use of computer
controls in t he history of the indus-
try and we will be prepared for it.
"One of the most exciting feat ures
of the system is its ability to automa-
tically diagnose the cause of any
malfunction. We have designed-in
an extremely high degree of rel i-
ability. Like all systems. it can mal-
function. But , unlike other systems,
it will help diagnose itself.
ELECTRO ICS
IN YOUR
NEXT CAR
Electronic self-diagnostics are taking the guesswork out
of auto repair, and that should make you, and your
mechanic, a lot happier.
AG. 1-ANEWTELLTALE SIGNAL Infonns motorists of a malfunction. It's part of GM's newComputer
Command Control system.
going to reduce diagnostics to the
very simple goal of determining
which part is bad. We, the industry,
are headed that way."
That's the forecast of Walter Doelt,
the fellow at Ford in charge of this area .
Radio-Electronics was privileged to
enjoy an exclusive interview with Mr.
Doelt dealing with a wide range of sub-
jects relating to the role of electronics
in designing a car for serviceability.
Ford's commitment to microprocessors
is very strong.
"They provide the best economic
approach to providing the widest
degree of freedom in control strategy,
and to very flexible control systems.
The key is mandated performance
requirements versus dr ivabi lity."
Mandated performance requirements
include emission and fuel economy
goals, both in terms of government reg-
ulations and corporate marketing and
design objectives.
Mr. Doelt continued:
"When implemented wit h a micro-
processor, you can freeze the basic
desig n early in the design cycle,
t hen work the calib ration in soft-
ware later."
Ford has been working to reduce the
component count in their various on-
board systems (engine control, dash-
board, etc). Systems that used seven or
eight IC's in 1978 were down to four in
1979, two in 1980, and should be down
to one in the near future. Since the
majority of failure modes are in the in-
terconnections ofIC's , single-ICmicro-
processors are very popular.
The 6800 series (6809, etc.) is used
for Ford's advanced ElectronicMessage
Center dashboard. The 8048/8049series
is used for engine control where con-
tinuous timing is not required. The
company also uses a number of custom
circuits in integrated control systems
(ignition, carburetion, fuel metering,
and carburetor feedback) in their top-
of-the-line models. Motorola, Intel ,
Toshiba, and Texas Instruments are
among Ford's suppliers.
For example, 1980 models sold in
California included a new feedback
carburetor design using an Intel 8048;
earlier designs used a number of discrete
analog IC's and devices. By incor-
porating the 8048, Ford was able to in-
elude a limited self-test feature.
Lead times
One important point about new de-
velopments is that it takes time to in-
corporate them. For example, 1981
model year cars were introduced in
October of 1980.The pilot runs of those
cars began in July 1980. The control
units to go into those pilot production
vehicles had to be built by late March
1980. So the microprocessors had to
start as silicon slices way back in
December of 1979, with design require-
ments frozen even earlier. But each
DIAGNOSTIC LIGHT

ELECTRONIC
CONTROL MODULE
(ECM)
OXYGEN
SENSOR
"Self-test in its various forms is
When it lights, indicating a malfunction,
the motorist will still be able to drive
the car in for service. Once there , the
Computer Command Control system
tells the technician which system may
have the problem by flashing a code .
Then the technician goes through a
simple factory-provided diagnostic
routine to determine whether the com-
ponent, a wire, or a connection is at the
r?ot of the problem.
self-test at Ford
THROTTLE POSITION
SENSOR
IDLE SPEED
ACTUATOR
ELECTROMECHANICAL
CARBURETOR
" Mechani cs will not have to be-
come electronic engineers to work
on the system. In fact, there will be
no need for expensive computer
testers. Al l a mechanic will need is
an ordinary dwell meter, a test light,
some jumper wires, a vacuum source,
a tachometer, and a digital voltmeter.
Most shops already have this equip-
ment. Any qualif ied technician who
can work on current engines will be
able to f ix one equipped with the
system."
The CHECK ENGINE light is there to
aid both the motorist and the mechanic.
AIR PUMP &
MANAGEMENT VAL VE
FIG. 2-KEY FEATURES of GM's Computer Command Control system. It Is offered on nearly all of
their 1981 cars.
en
o
z
o
a:
t
w
...J
W
6
is
<t:
a:
50
year brings more advancements.
STAR performance
One of the most intriguing aspects of
the Ford self-test syste m is the way the
under -hood microprocessor " talks" to
the service techni cian: it uses a digital
code of !h-second pulses, !h-second
apart, with two seconds between digits.
That pulse timing was decided on to
let any service technician read the code
with just a YOM. But there' s a nice
alternative called STAR (Self-Test Auto-
matic Readout) shown in Fig. 3. That
handheld, calculator- sized gadget
tran slate s the pulses and displays the
result on a two-digit LED readout. The
self-test sequence can be initiated from
a front-panel pushbutton. A readout of
" II ." for example, translates to " test
complete, everything normal."
The STAR costs about $70. They're
being built for Ford by the Hickok
Electrical Instrument Company. Hickok
also sells an inexpensive DMM to Ford
for their service technicians.
One featur e of the Ford self-test sys-
tem is that it' s designed so all systems
test the same way, no matter which
model is being examined. There are
also a number of universally-applicable
manual test operations.
For example, a testing unit will read
the voltages at various sensors through
a selector switch. The switch setting,
selected sensor and anticipated voltages
are the same from vehicle to vehicle.
Another example is that any vehicle's
self-test sequence will, at a given point ,
call for an EGR (Exhaust Gas Recircula-
tor) flow of 30%, then check the posi-
tion sensor on the throttle body. At
other points , hydrocarbon and carbon
monoxide exhaust tests will be per-
formed, both at idle and, with the engine
unloaded, at some higher RPM.
Testing on demand in that way is well
within the capabilities of both engine
and electronic technology . Just beyond
is the goal of full-time testing, where a
car monitors its own performance
periodically during normal driving.
Noise and interference
The biggest problem EMI used to
cause in a car was noisy radio recep-
tion. But today, with multiple micro-
computer systems and miles of harness
wire on board, anti-EMI measures are a
high priority in design.
Communication links between
modules are designed for very low im-
pedance. Modules are housed in metal
enclosure s, with both the top and bot-
tom grounded. Measurements from
analog sensors are performed ratiometri-
cally to make them less sensitive to
power-suppl y variations. Sensor wires
are very carefull y routed , especially
around ignition areas . Diode and
capacitor buffering is used on all I/O
lines . Roll-off filters block higher and
AG. 3--SELF-TEST AUTOMATIC READOUT, or
STAR, translates a diagnostic pulse string Into
an easily read fault code.
FIG. 4-THE VIN(Vehicle identification Humber)
can be written as a bar code t hat may be read
by a portable data tannlna!.
lower frequency signals. And the buzzer
has become obsolete.
Buzzers created tremendous noise
problems, generating harmonic-filled
spikes with hundred s of volts in them.
Now they're being replaced with elec-
tronic tone and chime generators that,
surprisingly, cost about the same
Ford and others are taking a serious
look at fiber optics as a possible answer
to many noise problems but, in Walter
Doelt's opinion, they won't be incor-
porated until there is some significant
improvement in the cost of material,
the cost of terminations, and the per-
formance of optoelectronic links.
Another area being explored is the
digitization of position sensors. That
permits both noise reduction and the
reduction of wiring through time-divi-
sion multiplexing.
In the near future, non-volatile RAM
will be used more and more, especially
since it permit s alterable test criteria as
improvements are developed . Also, the
lower cost of momory is going to permit
designers an enormous increase in pro-
gram lineage, with 10Kchunks of ROM
replacing each IK available today .
One important quest ion is what hap-
pens in the fail-fail mode? What if the
computer crashes so badly that it can't
even yell for help? The answe r is that
all systems are designed so that in any
event of computer failure, the car keeps
going. Those "baseline conditions"
may keep the engine running, but
there' s no way the driver can fail to
notice that there is a problem. The car
bucks, surges, gurgles, and wheezes
like a sick hippo. And yes, that " re-
duced drivabi lity" is also designed-in.
GM developing the TOUCH
The theory is that explaining a prob-
blem is the biggest part of solving it, or,
as expressed in a recent GM press re-
lease, " .. . once a symptom is accurate -
ly described, there is one set of most
probable causes. " Either way, the idea
has led to a system being developed by
GM called TOUCH (Touch-Operated
Universal Communications Hel per ).
TOUCH is a computer system that
asks a customer questions about his
problem, and uses each answer to
formulate either a new question or a
"hunch" as to what the problem might
be. And it can even be used when the
repair facility is closed.
The customer could, for example,
drop his car off at night. TOUCH might
look very much like a 24-hour banking
terminal. If the car is making a noise,
TOUCH might ask where it's coming
from and display a picture or diagramof
the car to help the customer describe
the location. It could ask what the noise
sounds like, prompting the cust omer
with either descriptive words , recorded
sounds, or a sound-effects generator .
Then it might ask if the noise happens
all the time, or just when climbing a hill,
coasting to a stop, turni ng a come r, or
whatever.
Then , if the customer has described a
squeali ng sound that comes from the
front of the car during turns for ex-
ample, TOUCH would print out a re-
pair order telling the technician to
check the power- steeri ng pump belt for
slack. You put your keys in an envelope
and TOUCH takes them, gives you a
receipt, and tell you when your car
should be ready.
More future goodies
That l7-digit YIN we mentioned
earlier appears in more places this year,
and it will appear on still more in the
future. GM is translating it into a bar
code so it can be read by wands and
port able data terminals (Fig. 4). In addi-
tion to helping identify cars being re-
called for various reasons. the service
history of an individual car, and even
the identification of its owner, the YIN
is import ant in recovering stolen cars .
As it appears on more and more major
components-such as engine blocks.
frames, and glass-it makes it easier for
law enforcement operations to locate
cont inued on page 88
s:
)-
JJ
o
:x:
51
IIII-IEIIIIVE FEEIIICK
FIR II-FIIIPlIFIERS
High levels of negative feedback can actually add to dynamic distortion.
Here's a look at a totally new amplifier that uses power MOSFET's
and eliminates conventional negative-feedback circuits.
LEN FELDMAN
CONTRIBUTING EDITOR
WHEN NEGATIVE FEEDBACK WAS FIRST
used in an audio amplifier, back in the
early days of vacuum tubes, it seemed
as though it would be the panacea for
all audio-distortion problems . Add 20-
dB of negative feedback to any old am-
plifier having a harmonic distortion lev-
el of 10% and presto, the distortion
drops to 1.0%. Add another 20 dB to
that, for a total of 40 dB, and distortion
is reduced by another whole order of
magnitude, to 0.1%. Of course, with
each addition you lose 20 dB of gain or
so, but that's easily made up by adding
extra stages of amplification that are
not all that expensive.
The age of solid-state electronics
made the application of high levels of
feedback even more attractive to de-
sign engineers. After all, the transistor
is not the most linear of amplifying de-
vices (and is therefore better suited to
switching applications than it is to linear
audio -amplification service), and feed-
back could be used to cover a multi-
tude of sins. Unfortunately, as engin-
eers found out much later, it could also
introduce new sonic aberrations to au-
dio amplifiers-defects that were not
apparent from static single-tone bench
measurements but were definitely au-
dible when the amplifiers were called
upon to amplify real-world music sig-
nals . By now, all of us have read about
transient intennodulation distortion,
(/) and other forms of dynamic distortion,
that are aggravated through the use of
o inordinately high amounts of negative
g: feedback.
frl It is not surprising, therefore, that
uJ many manufacturers of audio equip-
6 ment, both here and abroad, have been
addressing the problems associated
a: with negative feedback and finding
52
ways to eliminate those problems. Some
companies, such as Lux Audio and
Onkyo have come up with double feed-
back loops, the first of which is oflower
-than-usual magnitude (typically, 30 to
40 dB instead of the higher 60 to 80 dB
commonly encountered in solid-state
amplifier designs) , while the second,
generally referred to as a servo-DC
feedback loop, addresses the problem
of feedback in the infrasonic region.
That helps to stabilize DC-amplifier de-
signs, reduce DC drift, and act as a sub-
AG. l-MONAURAL power amplifier, the model
TA-N900 from Sony does not use negative fee<!-
back.
FIG. 2-HIGHLY-MAGNIFIED view of the new
MOSFET chip.
sonic filter all at once.
Still other companies , such as Sony
Corporation, have taken a different ap-
proach. At the recently held Tokyo
Audio Fair , they introduced a newhigh-
quality monaural power amplifier, called
the model TA-N-900, pictured in Fig. 1.
That amplifier uses an entirely new cir-
cuit that eliminates the conventional
negative feedback circuit used in other
amplifiers. One of the developments
that makes it possibleis the new2SK173
power MOSFET recently developed
by Sony. Figure 2 shows a highly
magnified view of the chip used in the
construction of that power MOSFET
while in Fig. 3 we see a cross-sectional
diagram.
Similar to a standard FET, a power
MOSFET has a high input impedance
and low storage time. It is character-
ized as having a wide area of safe oper-
ation and high reliability. The double
diffusion type power MOSFET devel-
oped by Sony also has a very high gain
and a high maximum rated voltage of
210 volts. As can be seen in Fig. 3, the
drain of the MOSFET is at the same
potential as the case so that there is no
increase in capacitance between the
drain and heat sink (when used as a
source follower) and no degradation in
frequency response .
A simplified partial schematic dia-
gram of the amplifier circuitry is shown
in Fig. 4. The first predriver stage con-
sists of a differential-input double-cas-
code bootstrap circuit , using junction
FET's and bipolar transistors. It has
been designed so that high-frequency
distortion caused by non-linearity of
the FET's is reduced to minimumlimits
and also to achieve thermal stability
through the use of a cascode-connected
GATE
SOURCE
>- PRIMARY
RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT
en
c::
w t-<H4---h
;;::
o
0-
W
en
...J
it RUSH.
CURRENT
SUPPRESSION
CIRCUIT
r-----,
PULSE
WIDTH
CONTROL
REGULATOR
source follower single-ended push-pull
output circuit using four of the new
power MOSFET's connected in paral-
lel. The driver stage has a distortion-
reduction circuit that compensates for
the nonlinear characteristics of the out-
put devices. The power MOSFET' s op-
erate in the Class A mode.
As can be seen in Fig. 4, there is no
negative-feedback loop from that power
stage to the pre-power/driver stages.
Despite the lack of an overall loop-feed-
back circuit, the amplifier is able to
achive remarkably low distortion fig-
ures: less than 0.05% THD at 200watts
output into 8-ohm loads and less than
0.05% 1M distortion for the same out-
put . The 200 watts rating applies to all
load impedances from 8 ohms down to
2 ohms. In the direct-coupled mode,
frequency response remains flat from
DC to 100kHz, - 3 dB. Dampingfactor,
normally one of the first parameters to
suffer in the absence of high amounts
of loop feedback, remains a high 50(re-
ferred to 8 ohms) and slew rate is an
impressive 150 voits-per-microsecond.
Pulse-locked power supply
Since a power amplifier is called upon
to transfer high levels of currents into a
POWERSUPPLY
,-- ....J"'-- --,
SPEAKERIMPEDANCE SELECTOR
I
I
.-J
RELAY
...--;'--+AC
POWER STAGE
1\
emitter follower single-ended push-pull
output circuit. All stages up to that
point have light loads and are isolated
from the speaker load and the power
stage, so that there can be virtually no
problems caused by reactive output
loads. As a result , negative feedback
can be used around those stages with-
out affecting power-stage performance.
The power-output stage itself is a
N-
DRAIN
r- --
----
----,
I
I
I
I
I
FAN DRIVE& PROTECTION CIRCUIT
I
FAN
I
PROTECTION FANSPEEDUPCIRCUIT
CIRCUIT MUTING CIRCUIT I
I I
I
I
L
I
------ -- -
L_- _
r
I "-------/''------,------..
I +---- - - -........-:;-;:-;;-;::=,---------,
I
INPUT0---+-+1
AG. 3-CROSS-SECTIONAL diagram of the 2SK173 power MOSFETrecently developed by Sony.
FIG. 4-THERE Is no negativ8'-feedback loop In the model TAN900, as can be seen In this simplified
schematic of the amplifier circuitry.
current-mirror load and finally to im-
prove power-supply ripple-rejection
characteristics.
The second stage consists of a cas-
code bootstrap inversion-amplifier using
a bipolar transistor. It provides good
linearity and, like the first stage, fea-
tures high power-supply ripple-rejection
characteristics. The final stage of the
prepower stages is a complementary
53
PULSE-WIDTH CONTROL
REGULATOR CIRCUIT
PRIMARY
RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT
RUSH-
CUR RENT
SUPPRESSION
CIRCUIT
+
LINE
FILTER
20kHzPOWER
OSCILLATOR
SECONDARY
RECTIFIER CIRCUIT
HIGHFREOUENCY J
FERRITE TRANSFORMER
+
PU LSE-
WIDTH
CONTROL
CIRCUIT
+v
+
FIG. 5-SCHEPAATlC DIAGRAM of the power supply. A diode bridge Is used to rectify the Incoming
line voltege.
en
o
Z
o
0:
b
w
...J
W
6
(5

0:
54
FIG. VIEW OF THE mod I TA-
N900 amplif ier.
-

--.
r..JI

-
,
--

'::0..

-
- ..
0
-

'-
0

-
.
-
- --
:

FIG. 7- TRANSFER CURVE for the 2SK173

power MOSFET.
speaker load, the power supply of such
an amplifier plays an important role in
the overall design. In the model TA-
N900, Sony chose to use a pulse-locked
power supply that offers extremely
good regulation, low output impedance,
low hum and noise levels, as well as
othe r advantages. A diagram of the
power -suppl y circuit is shown in Fig.
5. The circuit rect ifies incoming line

...
...
.
-
.--
--. .-
._,
:
0 -
-- .
-
--.
iT !!:
-. .-
T il
=-.
r-==


I : ; I I
-ii!--
11_.;
0 -
rtt
0 0 -
FIG. 8-TRANSFER CURVE for the 2SJ54 (P-
channel) power MOSFET.
"

II

:--t -
.... ... . .... .... .... .... ..
.'
: !

II '
.,
I

I
;
.1
I
._ - .
I....
"
. . .... ... . .. .. .... ....
i
_.
H:!! Izo tal
FIG. 9--INPUT and output wavefonns for a 625-
kHz signal.
volt age directly, by means of bridge-
connected diodes . The section identi-
fied as the 2Q-kHz power oscillator
generates a 2Q-kHz squarewave signal
using four high-power switching tran-
sistors in an oscillator circuit that sup-
plies the needed power to the converter
transformer.
Because that transformer handles a
high frequency signal of 20 kHz , it can
use a ferrite core that has low high-fre-
quency losses . Compared with trans-
formers that can handle conventional
power supplies (operating at 50 or 60
Hz), this transformer can beconstructed
with fewer windings that , in turn, re-
sult s in an extremely lowinternal impe-
dance. The secondary rectifying circuit
shown in Fig. 5 rectifies the 2Q-kHz out-
put , using high-speed diodes , to con-
vert the voltage into positive and nega-
tive DC. Finally, the pulse-width con-
trol circuits shown in Fig. 5 sense the
positive and negative DC potentials
that are applied to the final stage of the
power amplifier and control the pulse
width of the 2Q-kHzsignal to maintain
the output voltage at a constant level
for both positive and negative supplies.
The filter capacitors are 22,000,."F units
that are incorporated at the output of
the power-supply circuitry to insure
that the amplifier can handle high-level
transient signals without difficulty.
An independent series-type constant-
voltage supply is provided for low-level
stages (including the driver stage), com-
pletely separate from the pulse-locked
power supply so that there can be no
interference from the power-output
stage to the low signal-level stages.
Referring once more to Fig. 4, there
is a protection circuit that senses and
monitors the DC voltage of the power
amplifier, the temperature of the power
MOSFET' s, and the load impedance.
That protection circuit-will cut off the
output should either the connected
load (speaker) or the power amplifier
approach operational limits.
The ampl ifier is equipped with a
speaker-impedance switch that allows
the speaker to be driven in the most
efficient and stable manner possible,
regardle ss of whether is has an impe-
dance of8.4, or 2 ohms. The impedance
switch simply controls the voltages pro-
duced by the pulse-locked power supply
continued on page 87
DDlarke
TEMPTED TO BUY THAT GRAB BAG LOAD-
ed with unidentified IC's? Go ahead-
those Ie's have a signature that will tell
you what pins are probably outputs.
From there on it's easy-a few voltage
measurements, some current measure-
ments . and you should know what
you've got. You should even be able to
determine if the device is defective. So
grab your trusty ohmmeter and get
ready to record your first IC signature.
An IC signature is an array of resist-
ance readings derived from the IC ana
displayed in an organized way. The
x 100 range of an ohmmeter is used.
(Be sure you know which ohmmeter
lead is positive; some ohmmeters change
polarity when switching from volts to
ohms. )
The signature is obtained by record-
ing the resistances between all terminal
pairs of the IC. Use the form shown in
Fig. 1. Connect the ohmmeter's positive
lead to pin 1, and move the negativelead
sequentially through the remainingpins.
Record the measured resistances across
the top row of the signature chart. A
resistance measurement of over several
hundred thousand ohms does not con-
vey very much useful information, so
there is no need to record it-put a dash
through the box instead.
Move the positive lead to pin 2 and fill
in the second row of the chart by moving
the negative lead to pin 1.3,4. .... etc.
Continue in the same manner until
every row of the signature chart is com-
pleted . If this is done properly. you
should have as many rows in your chart
as there are pins on the Ie.
The steps that followshow howto use
the completed signature to identify your
IC.
Step 1: Examine the chart and circle
each terminal-to-terminal resistor-you
can tell which ones those are because
each purel y resistive connection be-
tween two terminals reads approximate-
ly the same in both directions.
For example: In Fig. 2 there are 12
circled boxes. 6 above the diagonal and
6 below. The circled number in Row 5,
Column 3 has its mirror image on the
opposite side of the diagonal in Row 3.
Column 5. The resistance is 7K ohms in
both directions and it is therefore a ter-
minal-to-terminal resistance. That is
noted to the right of the chart (Fig. 2).
along with the other resistance values
and identified as step one. The remain-
ing terminal pairs show grossly different
resistance measurements in opposite
directions, indicating the presence of
one or possibly several semiconductor
junctions in the path.
It is highly unlikely that a TTL IC, or
for that matter any linear IC, would
contain 6 identically valued terminal-to-
terminal resistances. (Maybe the IC is
RTL or DTL?)
Step 2: Disregard all circled boxes and
scan the signature to locate the rowwith
the lowest resistance readings-Row 4
in this case . That uniquely identifies pin
4 as the substrate connection of the IC
or, in other words, the most negative
terminal of the K',
Scan across Row 4 for the lowest un-
circled reading-in this case it is the
750-ohms reading in Column 11 . That
tells us that pin 11 is the Vcc terminal of
the Ie. Record those numbers in the
place provided at the right of the
chart-Step 2, Fig. 2.
55
Vcc "I1 _
GIIIO"I1 _
Icc
, , , . .
, ,
. I
" " "
IJ
" " "
'.
,

I
I

"

"

IJ

IJ

"

"
"

,
,
,

:
FIG. 1-THIS FORM Is used to record all re-
sistances between tenninal pairs of the un-
known IC.
The other uncircled low-resistance
readings in the ground row usually iden-
tify transistor collectors; i.e., output
terminals. That is an important clue to
be used later.
Step 3: Before proceeding to the iden-
tification of other terminals we measure
Icc. Apply a low voltage. say 3.6 volts
(RTL supply voltage), to the IC through
a 100 rnA milliammeter. The positive
voltage goes to the Vee terminal (in this
case pin II) and the return connects to
the IC substrate (in this case pin 4).
To protect the IC and the equipment,
place a 12o-ohmresistor in series with
the current meter. Adead short in the IC
will only draw 30milliamps. Remove the
resistor and re-connect the current me-
ter only when it is clearly safe to do so.
Most standard TTL gates draw between
2 to 4 rnA. Thus , a quad NAND or NOR
would draw 12to 15 rnA. In the case at
hand, there was no current flow at all.
DTL or TTL would have shown some
current-so again the evidence suggests
RTL.
A third clue: If there is a normal cur-
rent flow, raise the voltage to 5 volts,
measure, and record Icc in the space
provided at the right of" the signature
chart.
Step 4: Remove the milliammeter and
apply the selected voltage directly bet-
ween the Vee and ground pins. Measure
volts-to-ground, mA-to-Vcc (through a
33Q-ohm resistor) and mA-to-ground for
each pin of the Ie. Record the measured
values in the rows at the bottom of the
signature chart.
The " volts-to-ground" row generally
identifies all inputs and outputs. Volt-
ages from about 2.2 volts up to the ap-
plied voltage indicate outputs inthe high
state (for a logicchip). Thus , pins 3,5,8,
and 14 are likely candidates for output
terminals . (You will recall in step 2 that
3 4 6
VCC"IN
GND "IN ..,f2 }
Icc Q...lcl ITH ALL :uJf>uTS OPE.N AN D 3
NO APPLIE..O
NEGATIVE
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 18
3 GOE,:> L OW VJI-lEN
I OR 2 OR. &OTI-l
Go HIGrH.
3,05": 1 k Jl. }
=. TO 8 =1 k 1l.
S, o B =l Kfi
3To 1'1 =l K..(\. 1
5 To 14 =1K1l.
8 TO 14: 1 K ..(\.
5 Low WHEN
b OR 1 OR BOTH
Gr-O HIGfI.
S LOW WHEN > 6
q OR 10 OR. 8 0 , 1-\
Goo HIGH .
14 6-0 0;, LOW WHEN
1Z OR 13 OR "B01H
ero I-lI GH.
DEVIC. ,." Q " ....O, 2.
INPUT NO R. GrATE rc..
Vee
1\
3,5,8,14-
1,2,Go, 7,'1,'0, 12 4
AIoJD INPUTS
1
3.2. 3.3 r., .S .S .'3
104
21-- .25 3.3 7. 0 1.0
.3
!l.0
3
h
Leo
K9J
4
.83 .83 85 .75 85

b
I.G,
R:9J
8 1. 0 3.5 3.5
7.0 3,4 7.0
7
<0.4- 3.3 .4 .3
8

f--

[9>
KSJ

9
Co. 0 3. 2 CD. 0 3.1 1.7 G.. 0
5.9 Is.8 3.0
1.4 5.7
1 3.15

3.1 3.1
3.1
5.9 3. 0 5. 8 5.6 .38
3.0
3.1 ' .0
!D.O 1.7
f--
. 0
KoJ -
L.------.. b
I. :,
1. 0)

3. V II bpL/
3.<0 GNO 3.<0 3.<0 Vee. 3.<0
) 1.4 1.4
>--- GND f--
1.4 1. 4-
f---
1.4 1.4 Vee 1.4 1.4
1. 0 Gt-,J p
1.0 \.0
Vee 1.0
16
12
15
14
13
...
>
i=
c:.;
f 10
en
Z
S:2 VOLTS
o TOGNO
a:: mATO
t; Vee (RES
w
...J mA TO
W GNO
6
is
FIG. 2-eOMPLETED SIGNATURE CHART for the unknown IC. It turned out to be an quad, 2lnpu1
a:: NOR gate.
56
FIG. 3-SIGNATURE CHART for a TTl 7400 IC. All but a few TTl IC's have this typical two row
signature.
....
co
(Xl
....
sured at those terminals is 3.6. That sug-
gests an internal pull-up resistor con-
nected to the output terminal (see Fig.
4). If that is so, and the device is a quad
gate (which seems very likely), there
should be four identical resistors to
Vcc-one from each output. And that
implies we should read twice the pull-up
resistor value between any two outputs.
In that case, the circled 7K values in the
signature point to 3.5K pull-ups in each
output. With a Vcc of 3.6 volts applied,
grounding any output through the cur-
rent meter should cause a current flow
of just about I rnA. And that's what we
got! List the outputs and inputs on the
signature chart.
Step 5: The symmetrical pattern of
resistances in the signature and the
strong evidence for four independent
outputs with logic-level voltages pretty
much rules out any linear IC. Resistive
pull-ups could be DTL, but DTL inputs
are active-low and our IC is active-high.
After reviewing all the evidence I felt
there was absolutely no doubt that this
device was RTL. That conclusion was
recorded in Fig. 2.
Step 6: We now manipulate the inputs
and observe the output responses to de-
termine what kind of logic device we
have .
With Vcc applied, we connect a volt-
meter from ground to a terminal thought
to be an output. Ground the inputs one
at a time, noting the change, if any, in
the metered output. If that output does
not change state for any grounded input,
repeat the procedure, this time connect-
ing one input at a time to Vcc instead of
ground. In this example it happened that
pin 3 went low when either pin I or pin 2
was pulled high (to Veel- None of the
other outputs responded to changes in
pin I or pin 2. This indicates that pins I
and 2 are inputs to one gate whose out-
put appears on pin 3. That procedure is
continued until all inputs and outputs
are related in some way. Truth tables
can be consulted to identify the gates.
This device urned out to be a quad,
2-input NOR gate.
The relationships between the inputs
and outputs and the conclusion as to
the type of device I was dealing with
are listed in Fig. 2 as step 6.
Had the device not responded at all to
any of the above techniques , I would
have tried exercising two, or even three,
inputs at a time and I would have begun
to search for a possible "enable" or "in-
hibit" input. The more complicated de-
vices require a little ingenuity and some
intelligent guesswork.
Step 7: Use the results of step 6 to
draw the schematic of the Ie. At that
point the device could be used in the
average hobby project without needing
to know anymore about it. But, if you
feel compelled to assign a number to
your IC, its time to consult the IC data
books. That's what I did.
Step 8: It took quite a while to locate a
Currents in the low state should read
10 to 20 rnA when measured between
the output and Vcc- Currents in the high
state can read anywhere from2to 30rnA
. when measured between the output and
ground if the IC is TTL. As an example
of a typical TTL signature, Fig. 3
shows the signature chart for a 7400
TILIC.
Input currents for RTL, DTL and
TILfall between 0.8 rnAand 2.0rnA. In
Fig. 2 all the probable inputs draw 1.4
rnA referenced to Vcc and nothing
referenced to ground. That verifies that
they are inputs and shows they are ac-
tive (draw current) when the input is
pulled high. RTL is active-high. DTL
and TIL are active-low. Since their ap-
pear to be twice as many inputs as out-
puts, the chart suggests that our IC is a
quad gate of some sort. It is reasonable
to conclude that pins 1,2,6,7,9, 10, 12
and 13are inputs .
The bottom row of the chart shows
the outputs provide only I rnA to ground
despite the fact that the voltage mea-
Vee PIN l...
G N ~ P I N .i:
Icc 13 'mA
NEGATIVE
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 16 6 4 3
1150 1/50 850 IISO 1/50 sso 850 IISO 1/50 gSa 1150 /ISO 720
8k Bk lk 8k 8k lK SK lK 8k 8k lK 8k 8k
LCD J.(D 0.\ I. G- Uo 0.1 G-ND al l, eg I ~ 0.1 t.fD I. G>
vee
5
) - - la -
- 113 - 18 - - /8 -
-
Vee
/.1 \.1
\.5 '1./ /.1
1.(., -
I.eg
1./ 1./ 1.10 I.r 1.1 Vee
16
13
16
11
w
>
i=
in
~ 10
6
4
14
12
those are the same terminals that were
suggested as outputs by their low read-
ings in Row 4.)
A voltage less than 0.2, but greater
than zero, usually indicates logic out-
puts in the low state. None of those
appear in Fig. 2.
Now is the time to remove and reap-
ply power to the Ie. Do that several
times, each time comparing the voltage
at each suspected output to its original
recorded value. Often a flip-flopwill re-
veal itselfby changing the state of one or
more of its outputs. A simple gate will
never change state in response to that
little trick. The IC in Fig. 2 did not
change state so I assumed it was not a
flip-flop.
Voltages from about 1.8 down to 0.8
usually indicate TTL or DTL inputs.
The fact that there are no such voltages
in the "volts-to-ground" row of Fig. 2
was certainly a surprise to me, but it did
lead to a pretty solid conclusion: If the
IC is not defective, then it is' not TTL or
DTL.
VOLTS
TO GNO
rnATO
Vee(RES
rnATO
GNO
57
INPUTS
Vee
TTL
Vee
OUTPUTS
A LOGIC-FAMILY TREE
Mention is made In this article of the
RTL (Reslstor- Transistor Logic), DTL
(Qode- Transistor Logic) and TTL (Tran-
sistor- Transistor Logic) families. Of the
three, TTL is the only one that is stili In
common use, but a look at its predeces-
sors is worthwhile. (Refer to Fig. 4.)
As advances In technology have
made It possible to construct more
complicated devices on a silicon chip,
we have been able to take advantage of
their sophistication to create faster and
more elaborate logic families.
All three of those logic-families IC's
work by causing their output t ransistors
to go into saturation (a condition where
no amplification takes place-only con-
duction) but differ in the way input sig-
nals are processed to bring about that
state.
RTL was the first IC logic-family to
find widespread use. Each input line
going to the output transistor contains a
resistor. Its purpose is to reduce the
amount of current consumed by the
device and to isolate the logic-gate
i nputs. The i nput voltage passed
through the resistors drives the output
stage into saturat ion, making the collec-
tor voltage of t he output transistor drop
and causing the output to go " low."
The resistors, though, siow down the
SWitchi ng speed of RTL devices be-
cause they increase the time needed to
charge and discharge the input capaci-
tance of the output transistor.
Typically, RTL has a switching speed
on the order of 50 nanoseconds and
operates from a 3.6-volt supply.
The next step in IC evolution was
DTL. That family substitutes diodes for
the resistors used in RTL. The diodes
provide better Isolation at the inputs
and, because of their low forward resis-
tance, make it possible for OTLcircuits
to switch more rapidly than their RTL
equilvalents.
DTL has a typical switching speed of
25 nanoseconds and requires a four-
volt supply.
Finally, TTL uses multi-emitter tran-
sistors in the input stage. The base-col-
lector junction of those transistors is
never fully off, meaning that a state of
saturation can be reached considerably
more quickly than with either RTL or
TTL.
Switching speeds for simple TTL IC's
are frequent ly under 10 nanoseconds.
TTL uses a five-volt supply.
While it is stili possible to find RTL
and OTL IC's on the surplus market, the
TTL family is now the dominant one. Its
two most common forms are standard
TTL and "LS" (Low-power Schottky)
TTL, the latter being even faster and
having a lower power consumption, at a
small sacrifice in drive capability.
SUBSTRATE
DIODE
Vee
SUBSTRATE
/ OIODE
N Jfp

I
-4:-
..._- - -0 OUTPUT
N P
- -*---,

...-- - -DOUTPUT
-- -- - ,
SUBSTRATEi N
DIODE I P
.". -::i=-
SUBSTRATE
DIODE
Vee
NI
1:
P I
*
b
BASE
SUBSTRATE
some resistance, When reading forwaro
resistance from substrate to V c (+V
in linear IC's), that multiplicity or paths
will give a lower reading than any
other terminal on the IC.
Thus it is possible to ident ify the Vee
terminal.
IC
GND
OR
- V
Rll
DTL
___ - - - --oOUTPUT
SN1: SUBSTRATE
P I DIODE
"'1

INO AM
.". \ .". INPUT PROTECTI VE
DIODES
Vee
.". INPUT PROTECTI VE
DIOD ES
WHAT MAKES THE IC
SIGNATURE POSSIBLE
Practically all IC outputs, linear or
digital, are formed from transistor col-
lectors. All NPN collectors are imbed-
ded in a P-type substrate that is desig-
nated ground (-V for linear IC's). As
shown in the accompanying diagram,
the collector and substrate form a P-N
junction that, like any other diode, con-
ducts well in one direction and poorly
in the other.
Connecting an ohmmeter from sub-
strate to collector in the forward direc-
tion (positive lead to substrate) will
cause the ohmmeter to indicate be-
tween 500 and 900 ohms. Other diodes
in the same IC will read between 950
and 1300 ohms. Actual resistance val-
ues will vary with the type of ohmmeter
and the degree of doping in the IC, but
the IC outputs will always give the low-
est readings.
Thus it is possible to locate every
output terminal on an IC. The row con-
taining all those low-resistance read-
ings will be the ground (-V) row.
In every IC there are usually several
transistors whose collectors are con-
nected to Vcc either directly or through
IN o--+- __
IN0-- _ --'
INo--f--..-J
IN - - - - -
FIG. 4-LOGIC input and output circuits. Use these circuits along wi th your resistance measurements
to determin e the logic fami ly of the unknown IC.
(f)
o
z
o
a::
t
UJ
-l
UJ
6
is
<t
a::
58
+V
AG. 5-lINEAR DEVICEScan also be Identified using the signature chart. This Is the signature of a
7411C.
4
FIG. 6-PIN-oUT for the 741 IC is shown In this schematic diagram. There are 1K resistors between
each offset-null terminal and -V.
S::.

:0
o
::I:
Motorola IC book containing RTL data
sheets . The electronics department at
the local college was good enough to let
me look through their copy. If you need
that kind of assistance, let me urge that
you make the local college your first
stop. I wish I had-it would have saved
a lot oftime.
The 'Motorola book had 256 pages
of RTL data-whew! Fortunately the
plastic-case style of my IC eliminated
two of the three RTL sections. The in-
dex of the remaining section listed only
two Ie's that were quad 2-input NOR
gates. The collector pull-up resistors of
the first IC type were nominally 640
ohms. The collector resistors in the
second IC type were nominally 3.6K.
Bingo! fYtIe guessed 3.5K in step ~ n o t
bad!).
The device is without a doubt an MC
717P/817P and all the information on
that data sheet applies to this IC. I am
unable to differentiate further between
the 717P and its higher-performance
counterpart the 817P. Since the safer
move is to assume that the more re-
stricted temperature range applies, I
declared the device to be a Motorola
RTL IC, type MC717P.
Those techniques work on linear de-
vices as well as digitals.
For example: A signature of an 8-pin
DIP 741 op-amp is shown in Fig. 5.
Note that the low-resistance row still
identifies the substrate, - V, for an op-
amp, and also that the lowest reading in
that row identifies +V. The only other
uncircled reading in row4 is 950ohms in
column 6, identifying pin 6as the output
terminal.
Figure 6 shows the 741 schematic
with the 8-pin DIP pin-out. Note the
nominal lK resistors from each offset-
null terminal to -V. The circled resist-
ances in Fig. 5 illustrate some interest-
ing facts about IC resistors: They do not
always read the same in both direc-
tions-750 ohms one way, 850ohms the
other (pins I and 4, and 5and4), and they
may deviate quite a bit from nominal
OK). Nevertheless the offset-null-ter-
minals are clearly identified.
The op-amp inputs are almost impos-
sible to identify froma signature, but the
information already obtained is enough
to identify the IC in the data books.
I highly recommend that all those in-
terested in identifying IC's read Olson
and Zevnik's excellent article in the
January 1980issue of Radio-Electronics,
"Howto Identify Unmarked IC's." The
article is filled with useful suggestions
for getting advance information from
the PC board.
The smart tinkerer uses all the clues
he can get. But when there aren't any
advance clues-when there is no PC
board-when there are no marking to
go by-then the only alternative is the u;
IC signature. R-E ~
6
-V
OUTPUT
RIO
50.11
013
NEGATIVE
a 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 18
i- V
CC
'IN .L:
-Vee. UH&. 'IN ..
Icc _
4 5 3
3
4
1
~ ~
2.2k I.'i kI-
.....
at!
a ~ ~ n '}!!!;/
I@
50 qSo
750 t---
L
h
~
DIr..-
t- ........
~
~
50 2.2K I.qkI-
-/
2001:; 200k Ik
I----
tth
S ~
(U u w
U
151<. 75K 20k.
of v-
I I I
.
)
6
8
18
12
11
15
13
14
06 Q7
09
OFFSET NULL
OFFSET
03
5
NULL
Rl R3 R2 R4
lK 50K lK 3K
VOLTS
TOGND
rnATO
Vcc (RES
rnA TO
GNO
59
This up-to-date version of an old
favorite makes an amusing conversation
I
piece, and a great project!
LED7
/;t
11 /-- -
<,
-,
'\
\
/? /
/
II ./
LED5 ......... - - - -e- ./
LED4
NOEL NYMAN
THE
/
/
I
/? ,11 /?
LEDl3
- - - - +;+- -e- -
LED12
\
\
\
\
LEDll
LED2
/? \/;t /?

LEDIO LEDS
//
LED3
STATE-OF -T H E -A R T
OF D OI NG NOTHING
FIG. 2-MULTlLAMP flasher circuit. The neon lamps must be carefully mismatched If they are to fire
In sequence.
this project can store up to 2,048 eight-
bit words (16,384 bits) if it' s a 2716,
or up to 1024 eight-bit words (8, 192
bits) if it' s a 275S--which is really
half of a 2716;
Although that is a clever modem
way of doing nothing, the Erasable
Programmable Read-Only Memory
(EPROM) has made it obsolete also.
In case you're unfamiliar with them,
EPROM's are field-programmable IC
memories that retain their stored infor-
mation even with circuit power turned
off. The programmed information
appears on output lines when the ap-
propriate logic levels are placed on
address lines. The EPROM used for
-+ii5VDC
OR GREATER
a
FIG. 1-oNE-LAMP flasher fires when the neon
trigger-voltage Is reached.
of ten LED' s requires only two IC's
as shown in Fig. 3. That circuit can use
inexpensive batteries, fires sequentially,
and the clock frequency is easily
changed.
A POPULAR CONSTRUCTION PROJECT
some years ago was the " do-nothing"
box: one or more neon lamps that flash
one- at-a-time either randomly or in
sequence. The basic circuit is a relax-
at ion oscillator based on the neon-lamp
characteristic of firing at about 65-
volts. Figure 1 shows a one-lamp
flasher. The capacitor charges at a rate
determined by the R-C constant. When
the neon trigger voltage is reached the
lamp flashes, discha rging the capaci-
tor and the cycle repeat s. Figure 2
shows circuits with more lamps.
To get the lamps to fire in sequence
requires careful mismatching of the
lamps. Because neon lamps character-
istics change as they age, the sequen-
tial firing may deteriorate after a while.
For more information on neon flashers,
see the October 10, 1958 engineering
issue of Electronics magazine.
The popularity of that circuit was
probably due to the bright display that
" moves" with no moving part s (re-
member that was twenty years ago).
The part s were cheap and easy to
obtain and the power supply was sim-
ple. Because of the lowcurrent required
you could even run it from batt eries
(expensive ones).
Integrated circuits and LED' s have
upgraded the "do-nothing" box con-
siderably. A simple sequenti al circuit
en
o
z
o
a::
l-
o
W
...J
W
6
o
-c
a::
60
eighth selects whether the line or circle
is displayed.
I used the least-significant data bit,
00. to select the display. Logic-Us
at the ot her seven data bits will light
the corresponding numbered LED's.
As an example. Table I shows the pro-
gram for lighting each LED in tum
clockwise around the circle. The I in
D0 selects the ci rcle. The cho ice of I
or for the circle is arbitrary and is
determined by how you wire the cir-
cuit. Table 2 shows a more complex
program. The first seven steps circle
the disp lay counterclockwise. In step
eight, D0 goes to and the I at D2
lights LED2 in the line display. In the
remain ing steps the dot moves to
LEDI, the n lights the line from right to
left leaving the LED's on as it moves.
Most of us don't have EPROM-
programming equipment . For a small
fee, EPROM's can be programmed
by vari ous sources. Check with your
FIG. 3-THIS simple " do-nothing" circuit will light ten LED's in sequence and requires just two IC's local parts supplier or write to EPROM
and a few discrete components. manufacturers. Also. some of the ad-
TABLE 2
L
-
1 0 0 0 If; If; 0 1
0 1 If; 0 0 0 0 1
0 If; 1 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 1 If;
0 0
1
0 0 0 0
1 0 0 1
0 If; 0 0 0 1 0 1
0 0
If; If; il If; 1 1
If; 0 0 0 0 1
0 0
If; 0 0 0 0 0
1
0
0 0 0 0 0
1 1 0
If; 0 0 0 1 1 1
0
0
If; 0 1 1 1 1
0
0
If; 1 1 1 1 1 If;
0
1 1 1 1 1 1 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 If;

::0
o
:I:
verti sers in the back pages of Radio-
Electronics can program EPROM's .
Your program will have to be sub-
mitted in a form that programming
machines can read . Punched paper
tape and punched cards are common
media, although mark-sense cards
may be used by some sources if you
don't have access to punch equipment.
Check with the programming service
for format specifications. In some
cases, you may need to write your
program in hexadecimal. Each hex
digit represents four data bits, so two
hex digits will represent the data at
each EPROM address . A conversion
tab le is shown in Table 3, and Table 4
shows the hexadecimal equivalent of
t he program from Table 2.
Check your program before sub-
mitting it! One bit with the wrong value
will throw the entire sequence off. An
EPROM pre-programmed with varia-
tions of both circle and line displays is
Using an EPROM to control a " do-
nothing" box allows for more than just
sequent ial operation. LED' s can be
made to circle clockwise, counte r-
clockwise, or to alternate di rection.
Th e LED' s can stay on as they circle.
Opposite LED's can appear to rotate
around the circle . Using a straight line,
ot her displays can be generated. A dot
can bounce from one end to the other .
Li ght ing pairs from the ends converg-
ing on the center is another variat ion.
The original idea for a PROM (non-
erasable EPROM) "do-nothing" cir-
cuit was suggested by Todd Kitajo of
Almac Stroum Electronics, Seattle,
WA. His design used a PROM to con-
tro l two straight-line displays, one red
and one gree n. I used LED's arranged
in a line and a circle. The circle is made
up of seven LED' s, 51 apart. A seven-
LED line bisects the circle. The circle
and line share LED6. Seven EPROM
data bits cont rol the LED's and the
TABLE 1
1
0 If;
1 0
0 0
1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
)
0 0 0
'A pre-programmed 2758 EPROM show-
ing several ci rcl e and line variations can
be obtained postage paid f or $25 from:
Noel Nyman, MAB, P.O. Box 88868,
seattle, WA 98188
PARTS LIST
All resistors V4 watt , 5%
R1-R4-1 0000 ohms
R5-470,000 ohms
R6-1oo,ooo ohms, trimmer potentiometer
R7-Rl3-270 ohms
R14-Rl6-4700 ohms
R17-390 ohms
Capacitors
Cl-50 ",F, electrolyti c
C2-0.01 f,lFceramic disc
semiconductors
ICl-4013B dual- D fHp-fl op
IC2-4011 B quad 2-i nput NAND gate
1C3-4069B hex i nverter
IC4-4040B ripple counter
IC5-2716 or 2758 EPROM'
IC6-7404 hex inverter
IC7-7805 five-volt positive voltage
regulator
01 , 04-2N4400 or other small -signal
NPN-type
02, 03-2N4402 or other small-signal
PNP-type
LED1-LEDl 3-jumbo red LED
51-53-moment ary push-button swit ch
(N.a .)
Miscellaneous: perforated construction
board . IC sockets, wire, solder , etc.
61
continued Oil page 87
IC4 through IC3-d and IC2-d. If the
RUN switch is depressed, ICI-b will
latch and the display will operate as
before. The logic- I appears at pin 14
of IC4 and resets IC4 to but since it
does not reset latch ICl-b, the cycling
repeats .
+5V
A7 24
2 A6 23
3 A5 22
4 A4 21
A3 20
6 A2 19
2716
Al OR 18
2758
8
A0 17
00 16
10 01 15
11 02 14
12 GND
13
FIG. for the EPROM. Either a 2716
or a 2758 may be used.
02
06
0E
1E
3E
7E
'FE
R17
390n
TABL E 4
7-9
VDC
IN
e
+5V
+
Cl
1
50JlF
'='
+5V
+5V
16
9 8
7 7
6 6
5 5
I C5
10 10
3 4
2758
IC4
2 3
DR
40408
4 2 2716
13 1
12 23
4 19
15
t ,
11
I
12.18
I
20.22,=,
'=' I
t

81
41
21
11
09
05
03
04
+5V
TABLE 3
0 0000 8 1000
1 9 1001
2 001 0 A
3 01 1 B
4 0100 C 1100
5 0 1101
6 0110 E 11 10
7 0111 F 1111
Transistor QI controls all display cur-
rent and shuts off the display when
the RESET pushbutton is depressed.
When counter IC4 reaches a count of
512, all addresses of IC5 will have
been displayed and pin 14 of IC4 will
go high. That resets latch ICI -a and
11
1/4 40118
1 b=3_-+- --,
12
+5V
Rl
10K
t USE PIN 14
OFIC4 IF 2758
ISUSED; USE PIN 15OF
IC4 IF2716 1S USED.
FOR 27580A GROUND PIN 19OFIC5; FOR 275808
TIEPIN 19TO+5V; FOR 2716 CONNECT PIN19OF
IC5TO PIN 14OFIC4.
10
'='
+5V
L.l.
RUN 6
R2 2
10K IC1-b
'='
1/2
+5V S3
40138
L..=:..
4
RESET
R3
10K
+5V
hTo-.._-,
tllif.
CYCLE
FIG. 4-SCHEMATlC DIAGRAMfor the state-of-the-art " do-nothIng" box. The li ne and circle displays
share LED6.
available (see parts list).
Figure 4 shows the schematic and
Fig. 5 the 2716/2758 pinout. Inverters
IC3-a and IC3-b form a clock oscillator
A NAND gate, IC2-c, gates the clock
pulses to counter IC4. As IC4 counts, its
binary outputs address each memory
location of EPROM IC5 in sequence.
The seven highest data-outputs of IC5
control LED's. Six pairs of LED's
are controIled by inverters (TTL for
high current output) and LED6 is con-
troIled with a transistor (using a seventh
inverter would waste five inverters
of another IC). The 27G-ohm resistors
limit LED current to about 20 rnA.
The IC5 output controls Q2 and Q3
through inverters. A logic-I from
will cause Q3 to conduct and the LED's
in the circle wiIl light. A logic will
z light the line LED's using Q2.
Although an on-off switch isn't
b necessary, I decided to use latches
w to get three operating modes : RUN,
uJ ONE-CYCLE, and RESET. Pushing the
6 ONE-CYCLE switch sets latch ICI -a,
aIlows clock pulses through IC2-c,
a: and switches QI on through IC2-a.
62
....
co
00
....
Transmitter construction
If you build your own transmitter, it
can be constructed on a piece of perfo-
fact, if the robot carries a second wireless
mike, operat ing on a different frequency,
a two-way conversation can be carried
out.
However, that is secondary to our main
purpose-actually controlling the robot.
(Come to think of it, though, the control
tones could also be fed to the robot' s amp
and speaker, making him sound a littl e
like good old R2-D2.)
A schematic for a wireless mike is
shown in Fig. 66. No foil patte rn is given,
since the circuit can be easily const ructed
on perforate d construction board. Suit-
able FM transmitters are also available
from a number of companies who adver-
tise in Radio-El ectroni cs.
JAMES A. GUPTON, JR.
Part 8-Last month we be-
gan to look at a remote-con-
trol system for the Unicorn-1
robot. In this part we will
continue with that system by
descri bing our con trol
scheme, a simple FM trans-
mitter, and a relay-driver
board.
FM transmitter
This transmitter can act ually be used
for two pur poses, alt hough not simulta-
neously. In essence, it is what' s common-
ly called an FM wireless mike. Usually it
is used to t ransmit voices or music on an
unused frequency of the FM broadcast
band for personal entertainment pur-
poses.
In that mode, using the robot's built-in
amplifier and speaker (see Part 5), t he
robot can talk to persons in its vicinit y-
with a litt le help from the operator. In
ing in the FM-broadcast band. The signal
is received by a standard FM broadcast-
band receiver located in the robot and the
tone-pairs are decoded to generate a one-
out-of-sixteen contr ol signal. That contr ol
signal is fed to a relay-driver board to
energize the coils of the appropriate
relays (as described in Part 7 of this
series) and operate the robot 's motors and
solenoids.
This method will lend itself par ticular-
ly weIl to computer control. The l6-key
pad is arranged as a 4-row by 4-column
switch matri x where each row generates
its own tone, as does each column. The
result, if the rows and columns are con-
sidered together (lined up in one row) is
the equivalent of a computer byte-the
standard 8-bit word.
A computer can output, through a par-
aIlel port , an eight-bit binary number that
can represent those same switch closures.
That byte can be used in place of the
keypad to cause the tones to be generated,
thus allowing a computer program to
direct the robot's actions. .
Alternatively, if the robot carries an
on-board computer, the output of its par-
aIlel port can easily be translated into
control signals for the relays.
Several instaIlments wiIl be required to
describe the control system in detail. Thi s
one will talk about FM transmitters and
the relay-driver board. The next wiIl talk
about the Touch-Tone encoding and de-
coding circuits, and their interfacing to
the others.
Finally, we' ll talk about computer in-
terfacing and a litt le about programming
as it pertains to robot control.
LlNICDflN-1:
flDBDT
FIG. 65-A 16-KEY Touch-Tone pad similar to
thi s one was used in the prototype to modulate
an FM tr ansmi tt er.
switches providing the equivalent func-
tion-is used to instruct a DTMF genera-
tor IC, in this case a ICM7206JPE, to
produce a pair of tones unique to the key
pressed.
That tone-pair modulates an inexpen-
sive, low-power FM tra nsmitte r operat -
A LOT OF THOUGHT WAS GIVEN TO HOW
Unicorn-! could be controIled remotely.
A number of schemes were considered-
ult rasonics (not reliable enough and not
enough range); infra -red (t he same, but
more so), and, of course, radio. A system
was even devised using model-airpl ane
RI C equ ipment, but that proved to be
expensive and not easily expandable to
computer-control.
The system finaIly chosen was inspired
by one used by amateur radi o operators
for VHF and UH F repeater control and
its principles are probably familiar to
most Radio-Electronics readers from at
least one other source-the telephone
company.
Before getting into the act ual construc-
tion of the robot's RIC system, it might
be a good idea to fiIl you in on this
scheme, so you have an idea of the direc-
tion we're headed in.
The heart of the system is the DTMF
(Dual Tone Multi-Frequency) system-
also known as Touch-Tone. A 16-key pad
(shown in Fig. 65)---or a matr ix of
63
FIG. 56-SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM for the FM transmiller. Value of dropping resistor R14 may range
from several hundred kilohms to two megohms or more.
Due to the difficulty in obtaining positronic
brains, Isaac Aslmov's Three Laws of Robotics do
not apply here, and we have to use our own judg-
ment, rather than rely on the robot's.
mum efficiency, the length of the antenna
is not critical-about ten inches seems to
work well.
Locate the antenna right at the trans-
mitter, which can be mounted inside the
command console if you like. It is not
necessary to feed the antenna with coaxial
cable-it can be connected directly to the
output of the transmitter. What is impor-
tant, though, is that the antenna be insu-
lated from the case containing the trans-
mitter, if that case is metallic, to prevent
it from shorting out to ground .
The frequency of the transmitter can
be affected by the antenna. It should be as
rigid as possible and, more important,
because of capacitance effects, it should
be as far away from possible contact with
your body as possible. Keep that in mind
when you are tuning the transmitter,
especially if the transmitter and antenna
are mounted on the case containing the
keypad and tone encoder.
The best section of the' FM band for
your use is probably the bottom-around
88 MHz. Tune your receiver to a clear
spot in that area and turn up the volume
so you can hear some background hiss.
Then, using an insulated---or plastic-
screwdriver, slowly adjust C9, or its
equivalent, if you assembled a kit, until
the hiss is blanked out. That will indicate
that you are receiving your transmitter's
carrier. Be patient-the tuning process is
critical. It may also be necessary for you
to stretch or compress Ll slightly to get
into the right portion of the band.Before
you fire up the transmitter, you should be
aware of the FCC regulations governing
the use of such devices. Those regulations
may be summarized as follows:
The use of such devices for per-
sonal surveillance is illegal!
The range of such devices is lim-
ited to 100 feet. Do not attempt to
extend that range through the use
of higher power , or more efficient
antenna systems -use only what
you need! Improve your receiver,
if necessary.
Do not attempt to use the trans-
mitter below 88 MHz or above 108
MHz. The former may interfere
with commercial two-way radio
services; the latter with aircraft
communications. Do not use the
transmitter anywhere near com-
mercial airlanes!
To be safe, make sure the signal begins
to fade out about 90 feet from the trans-
mitter. If it is too strong at that range,
shorten the antenna or reduce the input
power. That will not only keep you out of
trouble, but will ensure that you can
clearly observe-and control-the ro-
bot's actions before it does something to
embarrass you. *
In the next part of this series we'll go
into detail on connecting the tone genera-
+12V
CIO
7pF
C9
5-15pF
total capacitance does not exceed 22 pF.
A good place to look for something to use
as C9 is in a junked portable FM radio.
Coil Ll is made using eight turns of
No. 16 copper wire. Its outside diameter
is '/ .-inch and the total length of the coil
is 0.6 inches. Coil L2 consists of 12 turns
of No. 30 wire (wire-wrap wire will do
nicely) closely wound around a quarter-
watt resistor of the highest value you have
on hand (it should be at least lOOK). The '
ends of that coil can be soldered to the
resistor leads, which, of course, then
become the leads of the coil.
The antenna lead is soldered to the
third turn of LI, counting from the 12-
volt end of the coil. The antenna itself can
be either a fancy telescoping type, or sim- '
ply a piece of stiff wire. Since we are
deliberately not trying to obtain maxi-
ic, and most of the ones available as kits,
are intended to be modulated by a' high-
impedance microphone. (If you intend to
use a crystal mike, be sure to include
resistor R14.)
If you are going to use the transmitter
only with the Touch-Tone pad for control
purposes, the first two stages-QI and
Q2-can be omitted, and the output of
the tone-generator IC applied to the base
of Q3, since its output level is much high-
er than that of a microphone, and not as
much amplification is needed. In fact,
you probably will have to add several
hundred kilohms of resistance to attenu-
ate the tones so they do not overdrive the
transmitter and cause distortion.
Best results with the homebrew trans-
mitter were obtained when tantalum ca-
pacitors were used where values of five
and ten were needed. The tuning
capacitor, C9, should have a value such
that, when it is parallelled with CIO, the
+12V
R2
R3
R5
IMEG
8.2K
470K
+
C3
51lF
Ql
2N2222
R4
330n.
rated construction board or on a proto-
typing board. A prototype transmitter,
built on a piece of board about I X 4
inches, is shown in Fig. 67. Wire-wrap or
point-to -point wiring techniques can be
used. Keep the leads as short as possi-
ble-lead length begins to get critical at
these frequencies (80-108 MHz).
The transmitter shown in the schemat-
FIG. 57-PROTOTYPE TRANSMITTER buill on a
small piece of board. Any construction tech-
nique may be used.
PARTS LIST-FM TRANSMITTER
CRYSTAL MIKEONLY
FOUCHTONE PAD INPUT
HERE-MAY REQUIRE
DROPPING RESISTOR
All resistors v. watt, 5%
R1, R2-1 megohm
R3, R6, R9-8200 ohms
R4-330 ohms
5-470,000 ohms
8, R11-15,000 ohms
R12-3900 ohms
R13-220 ohms
14 (optionaJ)-390,OOO ohms
Capacitors
C1, C3, C4, C6-5 IlF, tantalum
2-0.1 IlF, ceramic disc
C5-10 IlF, tantalum
C7, C11-0.01 IlF, ceramic disc
C9-5-15 pF, variable (E.F. Johnson 274-
0035-005 or equivalent)
C10-7 pF (approx.), ceramic disc
L1-see text
L2-see text
Miscellaneous: construction board, high-
impedance microphone, solder, wire
etc .
en
o
z
o
c:::
I-
o
W
..J
W
6
15

c:::
64
tor to the transmitter, and the tone decod-
er to the receiver (and to the robot) .
Relay-driver board
A portion of the relay-driver board cir-
cuit is shown in Fig. 68. There is really
very little more to it than that-the same
circuit , for all intents and purposes, is
repeated 32 times.
A foil pattern for the relay-driver
board is shown in Fig. 69, and the parts-
placement diagram in Fig. 70. Don't be
put off by its complexity, though. Ini-
tially, we'll use only half of that board-
each relay will have its own output from
the ULN-281 3A driver IC and its own
transistor. The balance of the board is
reserved for future use-primarily when
it becomes necessary for the robot, when
it gets its on-board computer, to respond
to stimuli from its environment. It can
also serve to provide other control func-
tions if a more sophisticated control sys-
tem is used, and suggestions for that will
appear in a future part of this series.
Jacks Jl and J2 will be used to connect
the relay-driver board to the decoder
board.
Here's how the circuit works: The
ULN-2813A is an inverting octal driver.
What that means is that it has eight iden-
tical sections; and when a logic-high sig-
nal (about five volts) from the decoder
board is applied to the input of one of the
sections, the output of that section goes to
a logic-low state (zero volts, or ground)
and will act as a ground for any voltage
that is applied to it.
When an output of the IC goes "low,"
it causes its associated transistor to be sat-
urated. That allows fivevolts to pass from
the collector and out the emitter to the
coil of the relay assigned to that transis-
tor, causing the relay contacts to close.
That's all there is to it.
Although IC pin and function assign-
ments are arbitrary, Table 1 shows a sug-
gested arrangement for use with a 16-key
Touch-Tone keypad.
Because we are limited to 16 on/off
control signals, several of the robot's orig-
inal functions temporarily have had to be
eliminated or combined. For example, we
can no longer beep the horn, and both
end -effectors now operate simulta-
neously.
Regaining those lost functions will be
easy under computer control and later
we'll present a couple of ideas for some
simple logic circuits that will allowthe 16
radio-control channels to provide more
than 16 functions.
Construction of the board is straight-
forward. The 2N2222 transistors were
used because they were handy. As Fig. 71
shows, almost any transistor can be
used-you can see four different types
there . If you have PNP-say, 2N2907-
instead of NPN transistors, the only
change that has to be made is to insert the
transistors in the board backwards-the
emitter goes where the collector would
TRANSISTORS SHOWN
HERE ARE2N2222
o
E 8 C
NOTES: Rl-R32-470n
R33-R64-220n
PAYCAREFUL ATTENTION TO
TRANSISTOR LEAD ORIENTATION
01-032-SEETEXTFOR DEVICE
SELECTION
FIG. 7D-PARTS PLACEMENT diagram for the relay-driver board. If 2N2222transistors are not handy ,
almost any other type may be used.
1
1 18
2 17
TO02, R2,R33
2
10F16
3
3 16
TO03, R3,R34
OUTPUT
4 15
FROM A
lCl
TO04, R4,R35
OECOOER
4
5
ULN2S13A
14
TO05, R5,R35
80ARO
5
6 13
TO06, R6,R36
6
7 12
TO07, R7, R37
8
8 11
TO08, RS, R38
01
9 10
NC
2N2222
TORYI
.".
Rl
470n
+5V
I 18
ALL TRANSISTORS 2N2222
TO017, R17, R49
RtRS, R17R24-47O!J
2 17
TO018, R18,R50
fl33.R38, R49-R56-22O!J
10F16
3 16
TO019, R ~ R51
OUTPUT 4 15
TO020, R20, R52
FROM
l C2
DECODER
5
ULN2S13A
14
TO021, R21, R53
80ARD
0
6 13
TO022, R22, R54
#
7 12
TO023, R23. R55
D
8 11
TO024, R24, R56
9 10
NC
-,
FIG. 58-SIMPLIFIED SCHEMATIC of the relay -driver board. Only one section i s shown as all others
are the same.
65
FIG. 59-FOIL PATTERN for the relay-driver board. Only half the board wil l be used at this time, with
the rest reserved for expansion.
TABLE 1
IC No., Pin No. Key No. Function
IC1, 1 1 Both wheels, forward
" ,2 2 Both wheels, reverse
r r
, 3 3 Left wheel , forward
" ,4 A Left wheel, reverse
rr
,5 4 Right wheel , forward
" , 6 5 Left & right arm solenoids
r r
,7 6 Body rotate, right
"
,8 B Body rotate, left
IC2,1 7 Left shoulder, up
" , 2 8 Left shoulder, down
"
,3 9 Right shoulder, up
rr
,4 C Right shoulder, down
"
,5 * Left arm, up
rr
,6 0 Left arm, down
"
, 7 # Right arm, up
rr
,8 D Right arm, down
A 22/44-pin edge co nnector is
mounted parallel to the one for the relay
board (refer to Fig. 71) and, assuming
that you have followed the wiring scheme
described above, connections are made
between like-numbered pins on the driv-
er-board socket and the relay-board sock-
continued on page 82
PARTS LIST-RElAY-DRIVER
BOARD
completed, it is piggy-backed onto a 22/
44-finger board like the one that was used
for the relay board, using 'I.-inch spacers.
Make positively sure that the two boards
are electr ically isolated from each other.
The emitter (outp ut) of each 2N2222
transistor is connected to a finger on the
piggy-back board. You can use wire-wrap
wire for that. The most straig htforward
way is to use the same finger number (or
lett er) as that which is connected to pin
16 of the appropriate relay on the relay
board (See Table 2).
FIG. 71-THE RELAY-DRIVER BOARD i s.
mounted parallel to the relay board, seen \
reflected in the mir ror.
All resistors 'I. watt, 5%
A1-R32-470 ohms
A33-R64-220 ohms
Semiconductors
IC1,IC2-ULN-2813A inverting octal
(Sprague)
01 -032-2N2222 or equivalent NPN-type;
2N2907 or equivalent PNP-type (see text
for details)
:1 1, J2-20-pin, double row, header con-
nector (AP Products AP923862-R 0
equivalent)
Miscellaneous: PC board,
prototyping board (Radio Shack 276-154
or equivalent), two 22/44-pin sockets
(Radio Shack 276-1551 or equivalent),
18-pin IC sockets, mating connectors
J1 and J2, 20-conductor ribbon cable,
hardware, wire , etc.
A PC board for the relay driver board is
available from PPG Electronics Co., Inc,
14663 Lanark St., Van Nuys, CA 91402.
(213) 988-3525. Price is $9.95 plus $1.00
for shipping and handling. CA resi-
dents add 6% tax. MC and Visa accept
ed.
--I
Installation
After the relay-driver board has been

TABLE 2
Transistor Relay No. Finger No.
01 RY3,RY5 R, 6
02 RY4,RY6 M,3
03 RY3 R
04 RY4 M
05 RY5 6
06 RY19, 18,4
RY20
07 RY1 20
08 RY2 17
017 RY9 P
018 RY10 L
019 RY11 7
020 RY12 2
021 RY15 N
022 RY16 8
023 RY17 5
024 RY18 1
(J)
o
Z
o
a:
I-
o
W

w
6
be, and vice-versa. The resistor placement
a: can stay as shown.
66
Here's how the picture and
sound are transferred from
the disc to your TVset in
the new laser videodisc
system.
MUCH HAS BEEN WRITfEN ABOUT THE
makeup of the three videodisc systems
currently vying for acceptance in the
marketplace. There are laser optical
discs favored by Magnavox, Pioneer,
and others, capacitance-pickup groove-
less discs, proposed by JVC, Matsushi-
ta, and General Electric, and capaci-
tance-pickup groove-type discs devel-
oped by RCA. In the case of the optical
and capacitance videodisc systems so
far proposed, we have seen many dia-
grams of how tiny "pits" or dark and
light spots in the disc tracks will be car-
rying the encoded information. But little
has appeared in the literature as to just
what that information is, how it is en-
coded, and what the circuitry needed to
decode it will be like, once you get past
the question of pickup format.
The Magnavox Consumer Electron-
. ics Company has prepared an excellent
booklet about their model VH-8000
Videodisc Player in order to familiarize
technicians and others with their laser
disc system' as well as with playback
circuitry. While the booklet deals with
all aspects of the optical-laser videodisc
player's operation. our concern here
will be only with the signal-processing
circuits that handle the signals picked up
by arrays of photo-sensitive diodes that
catch the laser-beam reflections from
the surface of the spinning disc.
To understand the circuit descrip-
tions that follow, we must know just
what sort of signals are contained in the
LASER
VIDEC>I;)I$Q
Hc::"" the Viclec::
Signal is Processed
LEN FELDMAN
s:

:0
o
J:
67
d 0 000000000 0 0
PITSPACING
FIG. 2-RESULTANT SIGNAL created when
both of the sound signals modulate the 8.1 MHz
vldeo-FM.
the composite video signal from the car-
rier. That composite signal is amplified
by a video amplifier and applied to the
RF modulator. Since each frame of the
54,000 frame s contained on a single side
of the disc is numbered, and the player is
capable of displaying that number on the
TV screen, the picture-number informa-
tion is stripped from the composite
video signal by the clipper/decoder cir-
cuit. Here, the picture-number informa-
tion is decoded and converted to a pic-
ture-number video signal. That signal is
also amplified by the video amplifier and
FIG. 3-BLOCK DIAGRAM of the ci rcuit ry used to derive audi o and video from the videodisc.
FIG. 4-DETAILED block diagram of the splitter and high-frequency signal processor. The color
separator removes the color burst from the video.
stages : a 2.l:l -MHz sound demodulator
and a 2.3-MHz sound demodulator.
Those stage s serve as ordinary FM de-
tectors and retrieve the audio signals
from their respective FM carriers. The
two resulting audio signals are applied to
an electronic-switch network that ap-
plies either one or both of them to the
RF modulator of the player. Front-panel
switches on the videodi sc player deter-
mine which audio signals are heard and
used .
The 8.1-MHz video-FM signal is ap-
plied to Video Demodulator I that extracts
10
VIDEO +SOUND
SOUNDFMSIGNAL
::::---..
..............-_--_............... - ....
VIDEO FMSIGNAL
'MJ\MINNM
b
N
N ::I:
_ 0 VIDEO CARRIER (NTSCI
....J C"")cq
- 5
w -10 ;;;;
-15 CJCJ
z - 20 ::::>::::>
-25
0-30

4 6
FREQUENCYMHz
FIG. 1-AUDIO AND VIDEOsignals as recorded
on videodisc. One video sideband-note sync
pulses and video ramp wareforrn-Is shown at
8.1 MHz.
Signal processing
A simplified block diagram of the sig-
nal-processing circuitry needed to pro-
duce the video and audio signals from
the laser disc is shown in Fig. 3. The
total composite FM signal from the
photosensitive diodes and preamplifier
module is applied to a high frequency
amplifie r/ split ter. Frequency tuned net-
works separate the sound-FM signals
from the video FM. The sound FM is
applied to two frequency-sensitive
c
laser-di sc tracks themselves. The intelli-
gence that is encoded on the videodisc
is the combinat ion of three different
FM signals:
I. An 8. I-MHz FM signal modulated
with composite video, includingchroma.
2. A 2.3-MHz FM signal modulated
wit h Channel-I sound.
3. A 2.8-MHz FM signal modulated
with Channel -Il sound.
Figure I shows those three signals in
the frequency spectrum. Each sound
carrier (the videodisc contains two inde-
pendent sound channels and thus has
the capability, among other things, for
stereo sound) has a maximum FM devi-
ation of 100 kHz. The 8. I-MHz video
carrier has a deviation of 1.7 MHz (from
sync tip to peak white) with its bandpass
extending from below 4 MHz to above
12 MHz to include all sidebands . Each
of the sound signals modulates the 8.1-
MHz video FM to create the resultant
signal that becomes encoded on the
videodisc, as shown in Fig. 2. .
en
o
Z
o
a:
o
w
...J
W
6
c:
-c
a:
68
AG. S-SOUND SIGNAL processing modul es. The sound-FM signals are processed by these two
circuits.
AG. 7-VIDEQ-FM and deiayed vl deo-FM are supplied to the demodulator circ uit as shown in this
block diagram.
:s::
>
JJ
o
::I:
tion from the videodisc. A dropout , in
that case, is defined as an area on the
videodisc that has incorrect encoding or
no encoding at all. Such a loss of encod-
ing could be caused by physical damage
to the disc after it has been used, or by
manufacturing imperfections. The drop-
out-correction circuitry built into the
Magnavox player can compensate for
the loss of up to one complete horizontal
line on the TV screen.
The 8. I-MHz video-FM signal is ap-
plied to a dropout-detector circuit. If a
bad spot on the videodisc is encoun-
tered, the 8. I-MHz signal will be absent
and the dropout detector will sense that
absence.
The 8.l-MHz signal is also applied
through a 64-microsecond delay line, to
Video Demodulator II. Since 64 micro-
seconds corresponds to the sweep time
of a single horizontal line, when a drop-
out is encountered, the dropout detector
activates an electronic switch that then
applies the delayed, previous horizontal
line in place of the one that has dropped
out. The result on the video screen of
the viewer's TV set is two horizontal
scan lines with the same video informa-
tion . In other words, the dropout has
been filled in by repeating the previous
line of video information.
A more detailed look
A more detailed block diagram of the
high-frequency signal processor and
splitter is shown in Fig. 4. The entire
composite FM signal is applied to an RF
amplifier whose gain control, R3002, is
used to set the correct output level. The
output of the RF amplifier is applied to
the sound FM amplifier . The input of the
sound FM amplifier is tuned to pass only
the 2.3-MHz and 2.8-MHz sound car-
riers, both of which are then present at
the output of the amplifier.
The color-separator circuit shown
in Fig. 4 removes the color burst from
the video signal by gating the burst
keyer with the horizontal burst-gate
pulse. The amplitude detector creates a
DC voltage proportional to the burst
amplitude. As that DC voltage de-
creases, the high-frequency response of
the video amplifier increases. The net
effect is to boost the high frequencies
towards the inner section of the video-
disc . The video FM amplifier boosts
the 8.l-MHz video-FM signal. The 2.8-
MHz trap removes any remaining
Channel-II audio carrier at that point .
Any remaining Channel-I (2.3-MHz)
sound carrier is trapped out later in the
signal path.
Sound signal processing
The sound-FM signals are processed
by two circuit modules, whose block
diagrams are shown in Fig. 5. The
sound-FM signal is applied to the 2.3-
MHz FM demodulator on the Sound
continued on page 83
plied to a high-frequency amplifier to
emphasize high frequencies when oper-
ating near the inner diameter of the
videodisc (where such high frequencies
would tend to be more attenuated). The
control is necessary because the "pits"
on the surface ofthe disc are more close-
ly spaced at the inner diameter of the
disc.
The player is also designed to com-
pensate for minor dropouts of informa-
terminals on the viewer's TV set through
an antenna-switch box.
The video circuitry creates a varying
DC voltage that is proportional to the
burst amplitude. That voltage is called
the emphasis-control voltage and is ap-
80
AG. ~ R U T DETECTOR activates signal
restoration circuitry when It detects missing in-
formation.
applied separately to the RF modulator.
The RF modulator places the audio and
video onto the required RF frequencies
for TV Channel 3, or Channel 4, select-
able by the user. The output from the
RF modulator is connected to antenna
69
he>bby ce>rrter
When analyzing simple circuits, be careful not to overlook the
obvious. EARL "DOC" SAVAGE, K4SDS, HOBBY EDITOR
BIKE
lIRE.
SK
Fundy
Noting Henry's Canadian address, re-
minds me of my summer trip around the
Bay of Fundy. I guess I saw about as
much as one can see there in a couple of
weeks. I was duly amazed . Those 20- and
30-foot tides are all but unbel ievable-
continued on page 72
You may need to change the value of
the resistor depending upon the meter
and motor you use. Not only will the
motor be different, but the size of the
shaft "wheel" pressing on the tire will
determine the output range . I suggest
that you start with a 10K or 20K pot in
the circuit.
Thanks Henry for sharing your project
with us.
FIG. 3
DC
MOTOR.
ing stirred up the dust with what has been
said so far, I'm going to stop short of
giving you the answer . You may think
that's "dirty pool" but, actually, the
answers and the facts are above. Have
fun!
A very special thanks to Don Francois
for sharing that mystery with us. If you
have an interesting electronic puzzle,
send it along. Perhaps you too can make
the electrons fly.
Speedometer
Henry Milowski of Weiland, Ontario
sent me a very interesting lett er. It seems
that the speedometer on his exercise bicy-
cle broke and . he saved some bucks by
making a replacement. The basis of his
design can be used to measure the rate of
any rotating object.
Henry used an old DC motor as a gen-
erator that is turned by the bike tire (Fig .
3) . His motor came from a discarded tape
deck. The output voltage is proportional
to the speed and that output is measured
by the meter (a miles-per -hour scale was
added). The LED protects the meter if
the tire turns backwards and it also adds
to the appearance.
the "equal" measurements lies in the fact
that common AC meters are designed to
measure sinewaves (Fig . 2-a). If the wav-
eform is not sinusoidal, the meter gives an
inaccurate reading . A DC meter also
gives a false reading on pulsating DC
(Fig. 2-b) .
We must assume that Don used a typi-
cal multimeter. If so, his readings in the
diode circuit would be wrong whether he
measured AC or DC. Actually, as Fig. 2
shows, the voltages and currents are not
the same and therefore, the power (and
brightness) differs.
Getting on to the question of which is
brighter-That is where I got a surprise.
Two readers "proved" that the bulbs in
both circuits are equally bright in spite of
Don's report to the contrary. And, almost
half of the responses were wrong!
One sure way to find the answer is to
hook up the circuits and observe the dif-
ference in brightness. Quite obviously
many of you did not do that.
In fact, it appears that none of you who
wrote tried the circuits. Come on, guys
and gals; trying it out (experimenting) is
the only way you can be sure that your
reasoning is correct. Logic and computa-
tion are fine if you have all the facts and
don't overlook something. Even some of
the right answers were based on incom-
plete facts.
Sometimes things are not as simple as
they first appear. Everyone remembered
that the diode "cuts out" half of the AC
sinewave. But did you remember that the
two bulbs in series effectively divide that
II? volts AC between them? Did you
remember to take into account that the
circuit resistances of both circuits are not
the same? What else did you overlook?
The way to tackle any electronics prob-
lem is to use a combination of reasoning
and experimentation.
Those of you who answered the ques-
tion correctly used a great variety of logi-
cal and/or mathematical proofs. Three
sharp readers threw in some calculus
(that almost threw me-it has been a
long time) . Let me hasten to say that cal-
cuIus is not necessary to prove the
answer. However you did it, congratula-
tions to you-unless, of course, it was an
accident.
I have given a lot of thought to making
this report on Light Mystery No.2. Hav-
40W
BULB
b
FIG. 2
a.
b
FIG. 1
I\T
vAc.
WELL, THE ELECTRONS HAVE SETTLED
from Light Mystery No.2 (see Hobby
Corner, August 1980 issue), And those
electrons were flying all over the place
from California to Connecticut and ev-
erywhere in between,
Let's take another look at Don Fran-
cois' puzzle. He constructed the two cir-
cuits shown in Fig. I and found that the
bulb brightness in one was greater than in
the other.
Things got tough when he measured
the same voltage across each bulb. And,
to make matters worse, Don measured
the same current in each circuit.
That puzzle can be attacked by break-
ing it down into three questions :
1. How can the voltages and cur-
rents be the same in the circuits
shown in Figs. 1-a and 1-b?
2. Are the bulbs brighter in either
circuit?
3. Why is the brightness different?
The answer to No.1, of course, is that
the voltages and currents cannot be equal
if the brightenesses are different. All the
responses that addressed that question
were correct though in some cases the
reasoning was fuzzy .
The voltage waveforms in the two cir-
cuits are shown in Fig. 2. The fallacy of
82..1 V

en
a
Z
o
0:
f-
a
UJ
-J
UJ
6
is
<t:
0:
70
(values to $101.70)
1108 1186
List $9.95 List $12. 95
More fine books to pick from . ..
L
. 1$141 303 Dynamic Electronic Circuits.
ist 11.95 List $9.95. No . 1060
Moder n Digital Communications.
List $10.95. No. 955
How To Make Your Own Alcohol Fuels.
List $9 .95 . No . 2074
99 Test Equipment Projects You Ca n Build.
List $12.95. No. 805
HowTo Design & Build Your Own Custom
TV Games. List $14 .95 . No. 1101
How To Make Home Electricity From
Wind, Water,and Sunshine. List $10.95
No .1128
The Complete Handbook of Robotics.
List $12.95. No. 1071
The Master IC Cookbook. Lis t $6.95 .
No.1199
Take 6
great books
1261
List $12 .95
Start saving now for discounts up to 75%on hundreds of
interesting, info-packed volumes. . PLUS special Members'
Bonus Benefits!
7 very good reasons to try
Electronics Book Club. '..
ELECTRONICS BOOK CLUB
Blue Ridge Summit, PA 17214
Please accept my Membership in Electronics Book Club and
send the 6 volumes circled below. I understand the cost of
the books selected is $2.95 (pl us shippi nglhandling). If not
sati sfi ed , I may return the books withi n ten days without
obligati on and have my Membership cancelled. I agree to
purchase 4 or more books at reduced Club prices during the
next 12 months, and may resign any time the reafter.
Name --'Phone _
Address _
City _
Stat e Zip _
(Valid for new members on ly. Forei gn and Canada ad d 15%. ) RE-381
Reduced Member Prices. Save up to 75%on books sure to
increase your know-how
Satisfaction Guaranteed. All books returnabl e withi n 10
days without obligation
Club News Bulletins. All about current selecti ons- mains,
alternates , extras- plus bonus offers. Comes 14 times a year
with dozens of up-to-th e-minute titles you can pick from
"Automati c Order". Do noth ing, and the Mai n selection
will be shippe d to you automatically! But ... if you want an
Alternate selection-or no book s at all-s-we' Il foll ow th e
instru cti ons you give on th e repl y form provided wit h every
News Bulleti n
Continuing Benefits. Get a Divid end Certifi cate wit h every
book purchased after fulfilling Membership obli gtion, and
qu alify for discounts on many othe r volumes
Bonus Specials, Take adva ntage of sales, events, and
adde d-value promotions
Exceptional Quality. All books are fir st-r at e publish er's
editi ons, fill ed with us eful, up-to-the-minute info
805
1123
1201
955
1128
1203
1060 1062 1071
1141 1155 1160
1205 1236 1241
1076 1101 1108
1169 1186 1199
1261 1275 2074
....
<0
0>
....
CIRCLE 10 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
71
CIRCLE 44 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
(And 20% OFF ALL TAPEPROGRAMS)
SPECIAL FACTORY PRICE!!
For $249. you get new Interact Model " R" Computer, 16K-RAM, 2K-ROM,
8080A Micropr ocessor , co lor, sound, full 53 keyboard, high speed cassette
de ck, AC ada pter, RJ . Modulator, Black Console Case, 90 day parts and
labor warranty, owners guide, FCC approval, ULLISTED.
Flash anyone?
Frank Eatherton of Alameda, CA is a
photographer and is looking for a reliable
circuit for a wireless "slave" flash control.
Frank says that he is not only tired of
tr ipping over wires, but that it can be
costly when he does so and topples over a
flash or camera!
What is needed is a small unit to actu-
ate additional flash units when the main
one fires. Such a unit could operate by
radio or light-control.
If you have developed a flash-control
circuit, or any type of wireless control
that could be adapted for flash use, send
along a schematic with descriptio n of the
device. Perhaps we can save Frank and
other readers from damaging any more
camera equipment. R-E
HOBBY CORNER
continued from page 70
even when you are standing there looking
at them. And while you're watching that
awesome amount of water flow up and
back every few hours, you cannot help
but think how much electrical power it
could generate.
You stand, watch, and dream just as
countless others have done before you.
Some day that potential will be har-
nessed. That will be something to see!
(Any new ideas?)
Another clock
If there is a piece of digita l equipment
that has universal appeal and application,
it is the clock.
Larry Neel of Cincinnati, 01-1 has
raised a question that brings forth some
interesting thoughts. Larry wants a clock
that norma lly displays local time but
could give Coordinated Universal Time
(GMT for you old-timers) at the push of
a switch. I certainly agree that it would be
better tha n using two clocks for hams,
SWL's, and others .
I haven't had a chance to work on this
problem yet but it doesn't appear to be
very difficult. Why not a switchable cir-
cuit between the clock IC and the dis-
play? That circuit would add five, six, or
whatever hours needed to the time before
it is displayed. Or perhaps it would be
easier to switch bet ween two continuous-
ly running clock lC's .
Have any of you built a clock like that ?
If so, send me the info and I'll pass it
along.
Reader question
E. M. Shanley of Novato, CA is look-
ing for a control circuit -to operate a piece
of apparatus by radio control. The radio
part is not causing him a problem- it' s
what comes after the receiver.
What E.M. needs is a circuit to close
and latch a relay on the first pulse, and
then open (unlatch) the same relay on the
second pulse.
Can anyone offer any help?
" -,,
,, -
Insulation is slit
open before
____ wrapping on post,
not between
posts. No unwanted
cut-thru.
SPECIAL FACTORY PACKAGE SALE $344.
(Lists for over $740.(0)
Ever ything you get for $249. plus: Level II Users Manual, Level II basic
program tape, Level II co mmand cards, Level II basic examples book. Two 8
axis action cont rollers. 3 prog ram tapes. Diagnostic instruct ion program
tap e, Diagnostic man ual, Service manual , Cassette head alignment ta pe,
Schematics and parts list, Money saver service and warranty card. (every-
thing you need to learn to operate, program and service your co mputer).
(15 DAY FREE TRIAL) - Return within 15 days complete and undamaged
for refund of pur chase price . Don't miss thissale - order now for Christmas !!
Send ce rtified check, money order, or personal check to PROTECTO
Enter prises, Box 502, Franklin Park, II 60131 (312/382-5244) Add $15 for
shipping and insurance via United Parcel. Illinois residents add 6% sales
tax. WE SHIP C.O.D. AND HONOR VISA - MASTER CHARGE ORDERS.
P184-4T with batter ies and recharger, $105.00 (includes P184) .
P184-4T 1 110V AC, $105.00 (includes P1841. Tefzel wire, 28 gage, var ious
cOlo:'SlS5.39/100 ft. If not ava ilable locally, factory order-add $3 handling charge.
I!.. m Pr ices subject to change without notice.
ELECTRONICCOMPANY, INC., 12460 Gladstone Av., Sylmar, CA 91342
phone (213) 365-9661, twx 910-496-1539
571177
NEW 16K-RAM $249
PERSONAL
COMPUTER
C/)
o
Z
o
a:
I-
o
W
...J
W
6
o

a:
72
CIRCLE 39 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
UNIVOLT'S DT-810
DIGITAL MULTIMETER
ACCESSORIES AVAILABLE.
The only two accessories available are: UP-
11, hFE probe with special plug and 3 color
codes alli gator cli p, and t he UP-12 I.C. clip
adaptor, which will help you hook your multi-
meter to any I.C. pins. (You can buy both probes
for only $6.00, but only when you purchase the
UniVolt DT-810 now.)
BONUS!!
We left the best to t he end. The UniVolt DT-
810 has something uni que. It has a transistor
gain (hFE) measurement mode! This unique
feature enables you to measure hFE values of
0- 10Cl0of either P.N.P. or N.P.N. transitors.
OTHER FEATURES
It uses one 9 volt carbon battery (included).
wh ich last approximate ly 200 hours of con-
tinuous use. Its sampling ti me is 0.4 seconds,
operating tempe ratures of 30F to 104F, and
operat ing humidity of less than SOOIo R.H.
FREE CASE
We have wo rked long on the UniVolt
project and we hate to see scratches or bad
looking unit s. So we decided to go all the way,
when you buy t he UniVolt DT-810 Multimeter
(and for a limited t ime only!) we will give you
absolutely free a hard vinyl leatherette, carryi ng
case. with felt padding and a compartment for
your test leads. The regular selling pri ce for this
case mode CC-Ol is $8.00.
SPECIAL PRICE
We had originally decided to sell the unit
for $119.95, but in order to promote the new
advancement in D.M.M. design, represented by
the Univolt. for a limited time only you can buy
this incredible unit for only $99.95 including:
standard red & black test leads, a fresh 9v
carbon battery, a spare 0. 5A GMAtype fuse and
an i nstr uction manual .
A division of Alliance Research Corp.
OVERLOAD PROTECTION
The unit has an extensive overload pro-
tect ion on all ranges. On D.C. cur rent ranges it
uses a .5A GMA type fuse. A spare f use is
supplied with the unit at no extra cost.
MAINTENANCE FREE
The heart of the UniVolt Multimeter is a 40
pin L.S.I. chip; the Intersil lCL710G. This space
ages chip has proven to be one of the most
sophisticated and reliable mi cro-electronic cir-
cuit in use. it is supported by minimum amount
of external parts, which are over specified to
insure fail ure safe instrument . Of course. Ora
Electroni cs stands by th is inst rument and guar -
antees it for one year (See specific warranty
informat ion).
~
ELECTRONICS
CONTINUITY & DIODE TEST.
A fast and accurate cont inuity test mode
ut ilizes a buil t -in buzzer to indicate conti nuity.
The same mode is used to check diodes and
their approximate forward voltage. .
ORDER NOW!
It's very easy to order your UniVolt DT-810
multi meter. Send $99.95 (Californi a residents
add 6% sales tax) pl us $2.50 delivery charge to
the address below, if you want the optional
accessories, please add $6.00 (California resi-
dents add 6% sales tax). A cashier check or
money order wi ll help speed your order. Credit
card holders (master card or visa) can call our
OUR SERVICE toll free number (800) 423-5336, in California
EASE OF OPERATION MAKES THE DIFFERENCE it's (800) 382-3663. C.O.D. orders will be
accepted, but you must pay by cash or money
The UniVolt is small, it measures 6W' x 18215 PARTHENIA ST. NORTHRIDGE. CA 913250rder and a C.O.D. charge of $1.40 will be
3W' x 1'.4" . It's light weight, only 9.87 oz. (21 3) 701-5848 Telex 181 011 added. If you decided to buy another brand of
incl uding battery! It util izes push buttons, for Mu ltimeter . please call us too, we carry many
easy one-hand operation and t he front panel other types of multimeters and test equipment
has a unique color coding for reduced errors. 'C) 1980 ORA ELECTRONICS at low prices.
MEASUREMENT RANGES.
The UniVolt has D.C. voltage range of
1OOuvto 1OClOV i n five steps. AC. voltagerange
of l00mV to 10Cl0V, current measurement
range of 1OOmA to lOA (DC) and resistance
range of 1 to 2.OClO,OOO Ohms.
HIGH ACCURACY.
The basic D.C. accuracy of the UniVolt is
0.5% of reading +1 digit, which makes it one of
the more accurate inst ruments in its class. The
input impedance is very high.l0 mega- Ohms
(10.OClO,OClO) Ohms, which helps in measure-
ments of low voltage and high frequency sig-
nals.
LCD DISPLAY.
The unit has a 3.5 Digit liquid crystal
display. The sharp digits are 14mm high and
have a viewi ng angl e of 140 .
WE FOUND IT!
Several months ago, a famous Test Equip-
ment Manufactur er, walked in to our head-
quarters wi t h a Prototype of a Digital Multi-
meter . We were very impr essed it had almost
everything we wanted plus a bonus, the only
question remaining was "how expensive is it?"
When we heard t he answe r, a big smile ap-
peared on our faces. After several impr ove-
ments we are proud to off er it. After you read
the features (and price) I am sure you are going
to order one or more, of these fine D.M.M.'S
that we call the "Uni volt " .
Ora Electronics has offered in t he past
many fi ne Digital Multimeters (D.M.M.'S). We
still sell t he famous D.M.M.'S such as Beck-
man, Fluke, Hickok, and others. We have al-
way& followed the advance in technology used
in D.M. M.'S, and we always wanted to supply
our many good customers with the most Ideal
Multimeter. at a price t hey can afford. In t he
past we had to sell good, but expensive Multi-
meters, expensive but "fair" Multimeters, and
plain " cheap" Mult imeters.
The unique space age digital
multimeter with transistor
gain (hFE) measurement
capability should be the only
multimeter you own.
....
so
0>
....
CIRCLE 9 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
73
Name
CIRCLE 153 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
small and diff icult to find when blown .) The 6BF-
series fuse blocks are available in models carry-
ing two or thr ee fuses. Connections are made via
screw terminals. The fuse clips, terminal blocks,
and lamps are wave-soldered to epoxy-glass
printed-circuit boards that snap-in mount in
Snaptrack mounting channel; t he modules mount
easily ther e, along wit h relay sockets, edge con-
nect ors, power supplies, and ot her RDI contr ol
modules . Snaptrack requi res only two fasteners
per foot of trac k instead of two fasteners per fuse
block. Rating is 10 amperes, 300 volts, wit h 120-
volt neon lamp; the block handl es 3AG fuse (1.25
X .25 in.) Price: thr ee fuse modules, $4.35 each in
100 lots.-RDI, 525 Randy Road, Carol Stream,
IL,60187.
WIDEBAND UHF/VHF AMPLIFIERS, are a line of
low-cost , high-perfor mance, prepacked hybri d IC
wideband amplif iers for CATV, MATV, and similar
applica tions that has been int roduced by Amper-
ex Elect ronic Corporat ion. They operate from a
12-volt supply voltage and cover a 40- to 860-
MHz frequency range. The line is produced as
thin-film circuits on ceramic substrates and con-
sists of 1-, 2-, and 3-stage types , wit h gain rang-
ing from 12 dB for t he single-st age amplifier to 28
dB for the 3-stage type.
The line includes five devices: ATF445/0M 345
has 12 dB gain and 99 dBI' V out put; ATF442/
OM350 has 18 dB gain and 100 dBI' V output ;
ATF443/0M360 has 23 dB gain, 105 dBI' V out-
FUSE BLOCK, the Snaptrack fuse block series
6BF, features neon indicator lamps t hat light
when a 3AG fuse bl ows. ' (The 3AG fuse is very
and temperatu re setti ngs appear on display.
Pushing a key enters the time and temperatur e
settings into the unit's memory, and an audio
tone tells the user that t he informati on has been
properly entered. The previous 'day' s program
can be repeated at the touch of a key. When not
being programmed, the t ime, temperature, and
the day of the week are on continuous display.
Comfort Zone is full y automat ic, but can be
used manually for special periods of heating or
cooling . The user may also arrange for 10-, 20-,
or 30-minute bursts of heat or cold without di s-
rupting the pre-selected pr ogr am. The device is
solid-state, and no addi tional wir ing, t ransform-
ers, or relays are necessary for i nstallation. A bat-
ter y protects the microcomput er' s memory In the
event of power fail ure. Comfort Zone's suggested
list pric e is less t han $200.00-PCI, Incorpo-
rated, 1145 Sonora Cour t, Sunnyvale CA, 94086
More information on new products is available. Use the
Free Informati on Card inside the back cover.
CIRCLE 152 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
Also featured are four LED logic-level indica-
tors for TTL and CMOS logic, four (HI and La)
debounce togg le switches for TTL and CMOS
logic , and two CMOS-to-TTL logic-level convert-
ers. Everything is at the user's fingertips and the
components can be used over and over again.
The model CA-16 has been designed for engi-
neers and technicians for testing new prototypes,
modifications, circuit changes, and ideas, and is
recommended as a teaching aid for students just
starting in electronics. Price is $99.95.- Cascade
Labs, 4156 South Alder Ave., Freeland, WA
98249.
i '
I ._. _ _. ._. _ . __ __ _ __ __ _
ELECTRONIC DESIGN LAB, model CA-16, fea-
tur es a variable-function generator: frequency 1
Hz to 100 kHz vari able rate, 2-volts output level,
sinewave distortion less than 1%, squar ewave
TTL and CMOS logic levels, and triangle and
sinewave for linear operation. Power suppl ies
include 6 regul ated volta ges, cur rent-limited and
short-circuit proof. Noise: 20 mV under load;
There is a +5-volt suppl y-1-amp maximum load
and a + 12, + 15, - 5, -12, - 15,750 mA maxi-
mum load.
Comfort Zone has been designed for easy
operation: When programming , the user rot ates
easy-to-use thumbwheel until the desired time
PROGRAMMABLE ELECTRONIC THERMO-
STAT, the Comfort Zone, is the only electronic
t hermostat on today's market that offers tripl e
setbac k, or the selection of three temperature
periods in a 24-hour sequence. In addition, each
day in a seven-day sequence can be programmed
separately. A full week's program can be ent ered
at one time and will repeat indefinitely until
changed.
Zip _
Cit y State _
CL-724A
Address _
Send to: Heath Co., Dept. 020-752
Benton Harbor, MI 49022
Send my f ree Heathki t Catalog now.
I am not current ly receiving your
catalog.
If coupon is missing, write
Heath Co., Dept. 020-752
Benton Harbor, MI 49022
CI)
2
z
o
a:
l-
o
W
-J
W
6

74
CIRCLE 25 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
....
<D
co
....
7831
Name (please print)
Expiration
StateIProvinceiCountry Code
I onComputing Subscription Dept. P.O. Box 307, Mart insville, N] 08836
I DOMESTIC su bscription rate,
I D u.s. 1 yr. (4 issues) @ $8 .50 D Canada & Mexico, 1 yr . (4 issues) @ $ 10.00
I FOREIGN(to expedite service, please remit in U.S. funds dr awn on a Ll.S. bank)
I D Europe (and all other cou ntries, except above), I Yr. @ $ I 2.00 - su rface delivery.
D Bill Visa D Bill Master Charge D Bill me (North Ame rica only)
I
I Card Number
I Signature
I Street/Apartment Number
I City
I


t"Jor:'
ni.
Get onto onComputing. Call8()()'258-5485.
----------------------
I
I
Finally, there is
a that SDeclLKS'"
to the beginner.
onComputing is the new McGraw-Hill quarterly that tells
what's ahead - without talking over your head - in the
1980's with personal computers.
onComputing puts you on target with all the applications
that go beyond your imagination.
D Personal computers in the home .
D Classrooms .
D They bring computer music .
D Electronic mail.
D Robots.
D They manage your personalized investment.
D The list goes on and on in onComputing.
If you're a beginner with personal computers, get the
. most understood magazine on computers, onComputing.
And even if you're an experienced computer user,
onComputing has the information you need in todav's fast-
growing personal computer market.
Finally, the course provides an overview of the
maj or electronics hobb ies-experimentation and
construction, shortwav e listening, amateur radio,
R/C, personal computing, and high-fidelity audio.
Twenty-si x opt ional experiments will provide
thorough hands-on experience with electron ic
devices. They will, however, require that the stu-
dent purchase the Heathkit/Zenith model ET-
3100 Experimenter/Trainer Kit. The Hobbyist's
Course is priced at $54.95; the Trai ner Kit is
$74.95.-Heathkit/Zenith Educat i onal Syste ms,
Dept. 350-470, Bent on Harbor, MI 49022. R-E
box, but the remote cont rol can st ill be used eas-
ily at any time . Vid-Kaddy can be attached with
foam tape to the back of the VCR unit in a matter
of seconds. Price is $6.95.-Video Specialties,
P.O. Box 244, Fraser, MI 48026.
CIRCLE 50 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
CIRCLE 155 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
VID-KADDY offers an attractive means of storing
the cords and cables at the back of your VCR
unit. It is a small, simple storage case that holds
t he remote pause control device and cable. All
t hat will then be visible will be the compact black
HOBBYIST'S ELECTRONIC COURSE, designed
for individuals with littl e or no previous educat ion
in electronics, is arranged in seven easy-to-
underst and units. The course includes the rela-
tionships among voltage, curren t , resistance and
power, magnet ism, DC and AC, transformers,
inductance, reactance , and the proper use of a
voltmeter, ammeter, and ohmeter. In addit ion,
the fundamentals of rectif iers, filters, power sup-
plies, and osci llators are covered , as well as many
types of digital circui ts and an explanat ion of how
a digital computer works.
CIRCLE 154 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
put ; ATF444/0 M36 1 has 28 dB gain, 105 dBIlV
output, and ATF446/0M370 has 28 dB gai n, 113
dBIlV output. Higher gain is achieved by cascad-
ing two amp lifiers. The hybr id UHFIVHF wide-
band amplifi ers are priced as low as $3.05 each
(1000 qty) for the AFT445.-Amperex Electronic
Corporation, Providence Turnpike/P.O. Box 98,
Slatersville, RI 02876.
CIRCLE 11 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
Harmonics? Here's a simple and inexpensive way to get rid of
them. HERB FRIEDMAN, COMMUNICATIONS EDITOR
antenna connector 130 I.
The stub is an electrical '/ ,-wavelengt h
of shielded cable (coax) coiled within the
transceiver. The center conductor is con-
nected to the transmitter output at the
junction of U07 and C334. The other
end of the stub is shorted, with both the
center conductor and shield connected to
ground.
If you recall, a '/ ,-wavelength stub is an
impedance inverter. If one end is shorted,
the other end appears as a high imped-
ance. So, at the operating frequency, the
stub actually does not exist in the circuit
because it appears as a high impedance in
parallel with the 50-ohm transmitter load
(the antenna).
At the second harmonic freque ncy,
however, the stub is an electr ical '/,-wave-
lengt h. Half-wavelength stubs are imped-
ance repeaters, often called matching
transformers. At the operating frequen-
cy, what appears at one end also appears
at the other. Thus if one end is a short-
circuit, the other end appears as a short-
circuit and the stub in Fig. I is actually a
low-impedance path to ground for the
second harmonic.
Just because we can coil up a stub
made of coax cable within a small cabinet
doesn't mean wc must always use flexible
cable. For higher-power transmitters, rig-
id transmission line can be used. A practi-
cal example of what to expect is the filter
used by FM stations whose harmonics
interfere with UHF communications.
Imagine if you will, an FM station with
an assigned frequency of 91.3 MHz. Its
fifth harmonic falls at 456.5 MHz, a fre-
quency in the UHF spectrum used by
police and fire departments, as well as
land transportation systems such as taxi
services. Now the fifth harmonic might
not sound like much, but if the FM sta-
tion is running from 10 to 20 kW on its
assigned frequency, and its antenna is
about one mile from, and on a direct line
with, the antenna of a taxi service, it can
create all sorts of reception problems for
taxis on the fringes of their service area.
In an actual instance, the received fifth
harmonic was 1.8 J.l.V at the antenna ter-
minals of a UHF receiver. It "broke" the
squelch continually and just about de-
stroyed radio communications for the
taxis.
It might appear to be a contest between
mismatched opponents, but remember
the rule: If your gear creates interference
it's your problem. The taxi service does
continued on page 78
ANTENNA
RIGID COAX STUB
RF-TIGHT JOINT
C328 C334
1
361lF
221l
F
l-::-
FIG. 1
FROM
FINAL AMPLIFIER
I
I
I
I
Figure I shows a schematic of this fil-
ter. Components U06, C326, C327,
C328, L307, C334 form a conventional
low-pass filter used for harmonic suppres-
sion. The problem is that the L-C filter
doesn't provide adequate second harmon -
ic suppression. To cascade standard L-C
filters might cause more harm than good
because RF tends to seek a free path
around the coils and capacitors, and really
loss-free L-C filters are fairly expensive.
One way to get an inexpensive, effec-
tive filter is to short all, or act ually most,
of the RF to ground through a tuned line.
That is precisely what's done in the VF-
740I by a 'I.-wavelength transmission-
line stub, shown in Fig. I just ahead of
- SOLIDCAP RF-TIGHT
shut down. It is never the other station's
problem. (Even amateur and CB trans -
mitters now have strict limitations on har-
monic and spurious output.)
Because of the need to squash all har-
monics and spurio us signals, many deep-
notch filters that were forme rly consid-
ered oddball, have now become common-
place in VHF and UHF transmitters. A
good example of what to expect is the
harmonic filter in Heathkit's model VF-
740I two meter scanning transceiver.
C326
1
20ll F
FIG. 2
RIGIDCOAXTRANSMISSION LINE
THERE ARE YIRTUALLY NO NEW FRON-
tiers left as far as the radio spectrum is
concerned. It's no longer a matter of
when devices would be introduced that
could efficiently generate and amplify
transmissions on the next higher slice of
the spect rum but rather, it's where do we
put everyone who wants to use the radio
spectrum.
Until recently, no one really cared
where spur ious signals from transmitters
were going. Early spark-gap telegraph
operators actually depended on their sig-
nals taking up hundreds of kilohertz with
sideband-splash, clicks; pops, and crack-
les. How else was anyone to know they
were on the air? When the interference
got too bad (because more than two sta-
tions were trying to operate within a half-
megahertz of each other) the old Depart-
ment of Commerce simply forced the
CW operators to change from an AC
high-voltage supply to DC. That created
a thunderous crash of silence in which
many stations could operate at the same
t ime.
As equipment improved, so did the
rules tightening control of interference.
But the harmonics of broadcasting sta-
tions still fell in the VHF marine band,
and FM stations couldn't have cared less
about their harmonics because simply no
one was operating at 170 MHz or higher.
Radio amateurs had even less of a prob-
lem because, until TV came along, their
harmonics generally fell within their own
bands.
But today there's someone operating
on virtually every frequency, and the gen-
eral rule is that if your station is causing
interference to the reception of any other
station because of transmitter character-
istics such as harmonics or spurious sig-
nals, you either fix the problem or you
(J)
g
z
o
II:
I-
o
W
...J
W
I
o
o
-c
II:
76
ORDERACOORDINATED
EXPWRER/85 APPLICATIONS
PAK!
Beginner's Pak (Save 526.00!)- Buy Level " A" (Ter -
mina l Vers ion) with Monitor Sou rce Listing and AP-1
s-amp Powe r Supply: (regul ar price 5199.95). now al
SPEC IAL PRICE: $169.95 plus post. & insur.
Experimenter' s Pak II (Save 553.4O!) - Buy Level
"A" (Hex Key pa d lD is pla y Version) with Hex
Keypad/Display. Intel 8085 User Manu al. Level " A"
Hex Monito r Sourc e Listi ng. a nd AP-1 s-amp Power
Supply: (regu lar price 5279.35). all at SPECIAL
PRICE: $219.95 plu s post. & ins ur.
Special Mi crosoft BASIC Pak (Save 5103.00!) - In-
cludes Level "A" (Termina l Vers ion). Level " B" .
Level " 0 " (4k RAM ). Level " E". 8k Microsoft in
ROM . Intel 8085 User Manu al. Level " A" Moni tor
Sourc e Listing. an d AP ;.15-amp Power Supply: (regu -
lar pr ice 5439.70). now yours 'at SPECIAL PRICE:
5329.95 plus post. & insur.
ADD A TERMINALWITH CABINET,
GET A FREE RF MODULATOR: Save
ove r 5114 at th is SPE CIAL PRICE: 5499.95
plus post. & insur .
Special 8" Disk Edition Explorer/55 (Save over 5104!)
- Includes di sk-version Level " A" . Level " B" . two
S-100 connectors a nd brack et s. disk coniroller . 64k
RAM. AP-1 s-amp powe r sup ply. Expl orer /55 del uxe
stee l cabi ne t. cabinet fan. 8" SOlDO disk drive from
famous CONTRO L DATA CO RP. (not a hobby
br and !). dri ve cabin et with power supply. and driv e
cable set-up for two dri ves . This pac kage includ es
everythi ng bu t ter minal and printers (see coupon for
the m). Regular price 51630.30. all yours in kit at
SPECIAL PRICE: 51499.95 plus post. & insu r. Wired
and test ed . onl y 51799.95.
Speci al! Complet e Busin ess Software Pak (Save
$625.00!) - Incl udes CP/ M 2.0. Microsof! BASIC.
Gen era l Ledg er . Accounts Receivabl e. Accounts
Payable. Payroll Packa ge: (regular price $1325). you rs
now al SPECIAL PRI CE: $699.95.
nal 256 bytes in the 81SSA). The static RAM
ca n be locat ed anyw he re from to EFFF in -tk
blocks.
LEVEL "E" SPECIFICATIONS
Level " E" adds soc kets for 8k of EPROM to use the
popu lar Intel 2716 or Ihe TI2518. 11 includes all sockets.
power supply regulator, heat sink. filte ring and decou-
piing components. Soc kets may also be used for 2k x 8
RAM IC' s (all owing for up 10 12k of onboa rd RAM) .
DISK DRIVE SPECIFICATIONS
a" CONTRO LOATA CORP. Oala capaci ty:401,016bytes
professional dr ive. (50). 002.032bytes (0 0) .
LSI controller. unformatted.
Write protect. Access lime ; 25ms (one
Single or double density. track).
DISK CONTROLLER/ I/O BOARD
SPECIFICATIONS
Cont ..ols up to four a" drives. 2716PROMsocket included
1771ALSI(SO) floppy disk for use in custom
controller. applications.
Onboa rd data separator Onboa rd crystal controlled.
(IBMcompatible). Onboard 110baud rate
:
when syste m reset. (glass epoxy.)
DISK DRIVE CABINET/POWER SUPPLY
Deluxe steel cabinet with individu al power supply Cor max-
imum reliabilit y and stability.
Level "A"
Wil h Hex
KeypoulDispla y.
Explorer/85
Wilh Level "C"
CordCogc.
?
LEVEL "D" SPECIFICATIONS
Level"0" provides 4k of RAM. powe r supply regula-
tion. filt ering deco upling compo ne nts and sockets to
ex pand your Ex plore r/ AS me mory to 4k (plus the orig i-

si ngle step with register di splay at each brea k poin t .
go to execution addr ess. Level " A" in thi s vers ion
ma kes a pe rfect controlle r for indu st rial applications.
and is programmed using the Netronics Hex Keypad!
Display. II is low cos t. per fec t for beginners.
HEX KEYPAD/ DISPLAY SPECIFICATIONS
Calculator type keypad with 24 sys tern-r'efined and 16
user-defined keys . Six d igit calc ulat or- type di splay.
that displ ays full add ress plus data as well as registe r
and stat us informat ion.
LEVEL "B" SPECIFICATIONS
Level "B" provides the S-100 signals plus buf fers /
dr ive rs 10 support up to six S- l 00 bus board s. and in-
d udes : addres s decodi ng for onhoa rd 4k RAMexpan-
sion sel ect able in 4k blocks .. . address deco d ing for
on board sk EP ROM ex pans ion selectable in 6k block s
. . add ress and dat a hus drive rs for onboard ex pansion
. . . wail state ge nerator [ jumper se lecta ble). to allow the
use of slower memories ... two separate 5 volt regula-
tors .
LEVEL " C" SPECIFICATIONS
Level "C" ex pa nds Explorer /Bs's motherboard with a
car d cage. allowi ng you to plug up to six 100 ca rds
direct ly into the mot herboard. Both cage and ca rd are
neatl y conta ined ins ide Ex plore r's del uxe steel
ca bine t. Level " C" includes a sheet met al superstruc-
lure. a s-ca rd. gold plat ed S l 00 ex tension PC board
that plugs inlo the motherbo ard . [ust add requi red
number of 5-100 connec tors .
Full s" disk sys tem for tess thnn the price of (J mini (shown wi th
NCfmnics Xplorcr/B5computer nnd new terminal). Systcm fcnlu res
fl oppy driv e fro m Conrro! Doto COIl' .. wor ld's la'Xcst maker of
memory stomge systems (nol (J hohhy hmnd!)
Level " A" is (J
complete opc m lin.':
system. perfect fnr
hobhyists.
imlu slr i CJ I controller
usc. $129.95
Start learning and computing for only $129.95 with a Netronics BOB5-based
computer kit. Then expand it in low-cost steps to a business/development system
with 64k or more RAM, B" floppy disk drives, hard disks and multi-terminal I/O.
THE NEW EXPLORER / a 5 SYSTEM
Special! Full 8" fl oppy, 64x system for l ess than the price of a mini! Onl y $1499.95!
(Also a vailable w ir ed & tes ted. $1799. 95 )
Imagine - for only 5129.95 you ca n own the starting
level of Expl orer/as , a computer that' s expandable into
full business/development capabilit ies - a computer
Ihat ca n be your beg inne r syst em. an OEM controlle r.
or an IBM formatt ed 8" disk small business sys tem.
From the first day you ow n Explorer/55. yuu beg in
comput ing on a significant level. and applying pr inci -
ples discussed in leading computer magazines. Ex-
plore r/ 85 features the ad vanced Inlel 8085 cpo. whi ch
is 100% compatible wi th the olde r 808OA. It offers on-
boa rd S- 100 bus ex pa ns ion. Microsoft BASIC in ROM.
plus instant conversion to mass storage disk memory
with standa rd IBM-formatt ed 8" disks. All for only
5129.95. pios the cost of powe r supply. keyboard/
terminal and RF modulator if you don't have them (see
our remar kable prices below for these and other, ac-
cessories). Wi th a Hex Keypad/display front pane l.
Level " A" ca n be programmed with no need for a ter-
mina1. ideal for a controller . OEM. or a real low-cost
start .
LEVEL "A" SPECIFICATIONS
Explorer/as's Level " A" sys tem features the adva nced
Intel 8085 cpu. an 8355 ROM with 2k delu xe monit or /
operating syst em. a nd an adva nced 8155 RAM I/O ...
all on a s ingle motherboard with roo m for RAM/ROM /
PROM/EPROM and S-100 expansion. plus generous
protot yping space.
PC Board: Cl ass epo xy. plated through holes with
solde r mask. I/O: Provi sions for 25-pin (OB25) con -
nec tor for terminal se rial I/O. whi ch ca n also suppo rt a
pa per tape rea de r . _. casselle lape recorder input and
out put .. . casselle lape contro l out put _. _LED output
indicat or on SOD (seri al output) line . .. printer inter-
face (les s dr ivers ) . . . total of four s-btt plu s one 6-bit
I/O ports . Crystal Frequency: 6. 144 MH z. Control
Swi tches : Reset a nd user (RST 7.5) interrupt . . . ad di-
tional pro visions for RST5.5. 6.5 and TRAP interrupl s
onboa rd. Counter /Timer: Progra mmable. H-bit bi-
. nary. Sys tem RAM: 256 byt es located at F800. ideal
for sma lle r systems and for use as an isolated stac k
area in ex panded systems ... RAMex panda ble to 64K
via S- 100 bus or 4k on molher boa rd.
Sys tem Monitor (Terminal Vers ion): 2k bytes of
deluxe sys te m monitor ROM loca ted al Fllllil. leaving
il000 free for user RAM /ROM. Fea tures include tape
load wit h labelin g . . exa mine/change contents of
me mory . . . insert dat a ... wa rm start .. . exa mine and
change all registers . __si ngle ste p wit h register di spl ay
at eac h brea k poi nt. a debugging/ training feature ... go
to execution address move blocks of memory from
one location to anothe r fil l blocks of memory with a
const ant .. . disp lay blocks of memory . . . automa tic
baud rate se lection to 9600 ba ud . . . variable display
line length control (1-255 characterslline) . .. cha n-
neliz ed I/O monit or rou tine with 8-bit paralle l outp ut
for high -speed print er .. . serial console in and console
out channel so that monitor ca n communicate with 1/0
port s.
Syst em Monitor (Hex Keypad/Dis play Versio n ):
Tap" load with label ing . .. tape dump wi th labeli ng
. . . exa mine/change contents of me mor y . . . insert da ta
. . . warm start . . . ex amine a nd change all regis ters .. .
..... ... .... ........ ..... ..... .. ................ .............................
D DIsk Conlraller Board \\Ith uoPorts .. . 5199.95plus S2 peJSI.
& insur.
D Special: Complete Business sa n""re Pak (" ", ahove] .
5699.96 pos tpaid.
SOLD SEPARATELY:
D CP/M1.4. . . SIOO pelslpa;el.
D CP/M2.0. __ 5150poslpilid.
D M1crosan BASIC. . . 5325 postpaid.
D Inlell1085cpu user Manual . . _57.;'0 postpaid.
D Le'lel"A" Monllor source Ustlng . .. 525 lxJStpaid.
ConlfnenlaJ USAtrent Card Buyers Outstdeconnecticut

Assis tance. 1..,11 (203) .1.)4-9.17.1
Tolal Encl ose" t (Conn ",s . add sal"s tax) S _
Pa iel 13v:
o Personal Check 0 Cashi er' s Check/ Mo n" " () rder
o VI SA 0 Mast er Cha"!:e (Ban k No . _ ....:.. _ _ )
Ace!. No. Exp . Oat " __
Signalure
Pr int
Na me
Add",ss
Cily ----=-:-:- _
Sta te Zip.,---:-::::----c::-- - ----:----:
I!!!tlo. NETRONICS Research & Development LId.
, 1;.\' 333Litchfield Road,NewMilford, CT 06776
Please se nd the i tems chec ke d below: 0 Power SUpply 1(11 8V 5 a mps) in deluxe slpt1cabinet
o "A" ldt(Terminal Vl' rsinn) ... 5129.9S pl us 0 . .. S4.8St-ach. postpaid.
o Explorer /8S Level "AU ldt (fl ex Keypad/ Display Vers ion) . . . 0 RFModulalor you 10use your Tv st-t as u monitor ]
o tape. S64.9Spostpaid 0 i6ic hoard Ifl64k) .. 519Q.9Sp llls 52
o 8k Mlcroson BASICIn ROMIdt (requires Levels B" . " 0 " and p<ISI. & insur.
" E" }... S99.9S pl us $2 P<)SI. & insur. 0 32k RAMkit. .. 5299. 9S plus $2 post. 5: insu r.
D Le..:! "B" (S-IOOI kll ... 549.95plus 52 peJSI. & insur . D 48k RAM kll 5399.95 plus 52 peJSI. &insur.
D Level "C" (S-IOO 6-<ardexpander ] Idt . .. 539.95plus $2 IXJSI. D 64k RAM Idt 5499.95 plus 52 P"SI. &insur .
&: ins ur. 0 16k RAMExpans loo Idl (10 ex pand any of Ihl' ahm'l' in 16\...
o Levet wO" (4k RAM)k1l... 569. 9S plus 52 post. &. insu r. blocks up hl64k) . .. 599.9.5plus $2 jl(ISI. &: msu r. Pilch.
o Le"e1"E" (EPROIWROM) Idl . 55.95 plus soe p&h. D Inlell1085cpu users ' Manual . _ 57.50 postpaid.
D Deluxe Steel cabi net for Explnrl'r /ll5 . . 549.95plus S.1 peJSI. D t 2" '1doo Monttor (10MHz bandwidth] .. _5139.95plus $5
,. insur. p<ISI. &. insur .
o Fa n For Cab im!! ... SI5.00plus Sl.!')() post. & insur . 0 Beginner's Pak. (Sl't! a he)\'(!) 5169.95 plu s 54 post. & ins ur .
D ASCII Ke)1loanlll "omputer l), rmlnal Idl: fl'allln'S a fuJI 121\ D Experimenter's Pak (s,,' alxl\''') . . 5219.95 pillS56 peJSI. &
cha rac ll' r Sf!!. u&1 caSI' . full cursor conlml: 75 ohm \'idl '11 in..ur .
IIUtput: co nvf, rtihlf' to h.. l lUlot (lUIput . St'!t'1.:lilhll' baud rdtc. 0 Special Mtcrusofi BASICPak Terminal
RS2.12-C or 20 mil. 110. 32 or 6-l cha racll' r hy Ifi line Cormals. 5329.95 plus $7 post. A insur.
ami wlO Ill' uSl'd ',,"'ilh l'ilhf!r aCRT mnnil or or Oi TV Sf!1(ifyuu 0 as abov c. plus ASCI keyboard TermJnaJ \\\lh rabinel ,
ha\' P an RF m(xl ul alor ) .. . 5149.9S plus SJ.OO IXls!. &: instl r. GetFree RF Modulator .. . 5499.95 plus S10 pc>st.
o DeLuxe Steel cabinet for ASC II &: ins ur .
519.95 plus 52.50 posl. &onsur . D Special 8" DIsk Edition Explorer/85(" " aIXlvl') .. . 514911.95
o New! (Sf .. , photo) Sa m!' ff'atucf'S as .tIXIW", plus $26 post. & insur.
('xCl!pl 12" monilor with IXlilrd and terminal is in ddu"l ' D C'OC1'esl1ledopp' y--1Jrt
51
,799
es
..95. I' nsler.
ca him' t; kit . . 5399. 95 pillS57 lXlSt. &. insur. 54 _ .
o Hazel ti ne terminals: Our pr icl's too low to - CALLUS 0 cablDel& Powe r Supply For Drive ... 569.9S plus S:J(XlS!. &.
o LearSig ler terminals/ print er s: Our pric!!s IIXl hm.. to q lloh' insur .
CALL US D lJrt,e cable SCI-up 1'01'''''''' Drives . 525 pios 51;'0 posl. I'<
o Hex KeypadJllspiay Idl . . S69.9.5plu...$2 r'H lSl & insur. lTl sur.
............ . . .. ... ... ..... ..... . .... ............................................................ ...
....
CD
Cll
....
CI RCLE 59 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
n
INTERNATIONAL FM-24OOCH
FREQU NCY METER FOR
lB'nNGMOBILE 1RANSMmRS
RECEIVERS
Portable SolidState Rechargeable Batteries
The FM24OOCH provides anaccu- cies ofthe receiver between 5 MHz
rate frequency standard for testing and 40MHz.
and adjustment of mobile transmit- . . . 0
ters andreceivers at predetermined Frequency :=.0005Vo from
frequencies. +50" to +104F.
The FM-24OOCH with its extended Frequency stability with built-in ther-
range covers 25to1000 MHz. mometer andtemperature corrected
charts: := .00025% from +25 to
The frequencies canbe those ofthe +125(.000125%special 450 MHz
radio frequency channels of opera- crystals available).
tion and/or the intermediate frequen- ,Tests Predetermined Frequen-
cies 25to 1000 MHz
, Extended Range Covers 950
MHz Band
, Pin Diode Attenuator for Full
Range Coverage as Signa l
Generator
, Measures FM Deviation.
FM-2400CH (meter only) ..... $690.49
RF crystals (with temperature
correction) $28.89 ea.
RF crystals (lesstemperature
correction) $21.92 ea.
IF crystals catalog price
Write for catalog
ID[5[jjJiJI
tHTERNATlONAL CRYSTAL MFG. COo. INC.
to NoI1h l ee Oklahoma City. Okla 73102
DON'T
FORGET
USE
YOUR
READER
SERVICE
CARD
COMMUNICATIONS CORNER
continued from page 76
not shut down or change frequency (the
FCC did not permit a change). But the
FM station must eliminate the interfer-
ence or shut down. The fact that the FCC
might have made a mistake in assigning a
UH F channel locat ed close to the FM
station, and directl y on the fifth harmon-
ic, has nothin g whatsoever to do with it.
The fifth harmonic goes or else!
Thi s problem can be handl ed by a stu b
serving as a harmonic filter. Figure 2
shows how it's done. The transmission
line is a 50.5 ohm 3-inch rigid line that
resembles a large pipe. The center con-
ductor is copper tubin g, approximately
'I. -inch in diameter. A filter, of the same
material and construction as the trans-
mission line, is soldered to the line and its
shield and the center conductor are short-
circuited at the end by a solid air-tight
cap so that ther e arc no breaks for the RF
to escape. What we end up with is a
grounded, fully shielded, stub. The effec-
tive attenuat ion is about 60 to 80 dB.
As the spectrum reaches saturation on
a continuing basis, the need for, and use
of, deep-notch filters will become more
commonplace. Keep thi s in mind the next
time you're working on a tran smitter of
any sort. The little piece of extra tran s-
mission line just might be the filter that
allows the rig to stay on the air. R-E
CIRCLE 51 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
DMM+Vari-Pitch+ Logi-Trax = MX-333
World's Fastest Troubleshooter
0.1 % Basic Accuracy
LCD Display In Unique
Wide Vue Case
Uses Single 9V Battery
Compact Size. Rugged
Construction

Overload Protection
Exclusive VARI-PITCH
Aud ible Output (MX333)
Fast LOGI-TRAK Logic
Function (MX333)
20Q Range (MX333)
plus these popular sellers in stock and available for immediate delivery.
LCD Digital Mullimeter
Automati c polarit y. zero and
overrange Indication
Easy-to-read high L C D
display
1: year batt ery tdo In typical use
12 oz Including 9V batt ery
Withstands 4 tt. drop Without
loss of accuracy
Automatic decirnal pont. burtt
In low batt ery Indicator. diode
and trans.stor testing
capabrhty (LX304 only)
LX 303 LX 304
Pocket Semiconducter Analyzer
Automatic. "hands-ott
operation - frees both hands
for troubleshooting . Instant

NPN' s. PNPs. FErs. diodes &
Se Rs. In or out-ot-cr rcu.t.
Rugged. all solid state - no
moving parts . Compa ct
polypropylene case. Will not
damage trans.stors. diodes . or
Circuits under test. Powered
u:::;;.; ....by 2 std. 9 V batterres (not mc.)
Model 216
Compact Video Generator
Video output for VTR. ccrv
and monitor apphcatrons
Adjustable RF. channel 2-4
11 rock stable patterns . 10
step gray scale staircase . 3
bar and l Obar gated rambows
Adjustable chroma levels
(0-150" 0) Crystal controlled
chroma and timing oscillators
for stability from 20 to 125
Rugged high Impact
therrnoptastrc case and
'
lIijiiiiii.....protective cove r
Model 240
CIJ
o
z
o
a:
I-
o
W
-l
W
o
o
<:
a:
Order with Confidence and get the Fordham Advantage!
Call TOLL FREE FORDHAM r ' - MasterCharge
our prices VISA' . BankAmericard
(
800)645-9518 . '
In N Y State call (5 16) 752005 0 855 Conklin St. Farmi ngdale. N.V. 11735 COD's extra
..
78
CIRCLE 56ON FREEINFORMATIONCARD
THE FFIRI IlE HIIE CIIPITER
:0::

:II
o
9881 E. Skyview Drive ::
Tucson, AZ 85710
TAS-SOIS a registeredtrademark ot RadIO Shack. a TandyCorp ......
Order Now Save $50.00

I Credi t card holders may use our I
I TOLL FREE NUMBER, Or send check I
I for $595.00 plus $6.00 delivery . I
I (Ar izona residents add $35.50 state I
I tax), Please mention this magazine. I
I (No tax on out of state orders) , I
I Call Toll Free I
I 80052811.49 I
L
to people that ORDER the PMC-80 NOW.
With each purchase, we will give 25 FREE
HOME COMPUTER PROGRAMS! Some of
these include: Home Amort ization tables
program: Loan payment programs,
Depreciation rate program, Interest table
program, Annuity and Investment
calculation programs as well as these
great animated games: GRAPHIC-TREK
2000: Command the Enterprise!, INVASION
WORG.. Stop the invading marauders from
space before they take over earth! You
command Earth's forces of androids,
space fighters, laser guns etc., against the
enemy' s robots, saucers , proton
CIRCLE 45 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
Comparison Chart
Feature. PMC80 TRS80
M,crosoh's Fantastic
Level II BaSIC Yes Yes
Full 128 x 48 Gr aphics Yes Yes
16,000 characters memory Yes Yes
Tape recorder for storing
or retnevinq programs Yes Yes
Use your own TV (Save SS) Yes No
Expandable to 48.000
characters of
In computer memory Yes Yes
Use TRS-80
expansion interface Yes Yes
Expandab le to 4 floppy
diskdrives
(over 100,000 characters of
storage on each one') Yes Yes
Telephone Communicaticns
available: connect to large
computers! electronic mall etc Yes Yes
1000's of ready made pro-
grams avaubte for
"educational" and "scie ntinc"
applications? Yes Yes
Printers available Yes Yes
H;gh Spee d Z80 CPU Yes Yes
Interface available for
controlli ng lights and
appliances in home Yes Yes
Retail Price $Cl45.00 $8411.00
When PMC-80 was first destroyers, etc! STAR WARS: Fly
introduced to the United States; your space fighter into the Death
the response was overwhelminql Star to destroy it
l
But watch out,
The Computer Wor ld was Darth Vader doesn't like you!,
ASTONISHED at the QUALITY, SPACE TARGET: A fantastic ani-
as well as the PRICE. In fact, the mated arcade game of skill and
PMC-80 has almost all the daring!, SAUCERS: Can you wi n
features of America's best selling IS 11111 SAL' win the covete d Medal of Honor?
comput er, the TRS-80, but with a Here's what you get:
price tag of $200.00 less! The PMC-80 microcomputer with
(SIMUTEK'S price is $250.00 less!) 16,000 characters of "In Computer
Micro oft's Level II Basic and Memory " , Microsoft's Level II Basic (bui lt
16K Memory. into the comp uter), a cassette player for
Another reason for all the commotion storing or retrieving programs or data
is that the PMC- 80 uses the same, easy to (cassette player is built into the comp uter'),
learn, LEVEL II BASIC language that the an RF Modulator for connecting the
TRS-80 usesl What does thi s mean? It PMC-80 to your television set, 25 FREE
means that the PMC-80 can run all the programs so you start using your computer
1000's of proqrarns that have been immediat ely, complete instruct ion manual,
written for the TRS-80 Level II, 16K learning manual and owners manual so
computer! Some of the programs available you can begin writing your own programs
include : Flight simulation, World Champion right away!
Chess program, Scores of educational and Best of all, you have the chance to use
business programs. Word processing the PMC-80 in your own home before
programs and hundreds of other games making your final commitment' Keep it .tor
and simulations. two weeks, it. for any reason you decid e
The PMC80 is expandable! not to become a PMC-80 owner simply
Your PMC-80 is ready to grow with send it back, (in new condition please),
your needs. Using a special cable, and we will promptly refund the full
available from Simutek for $35.00, it may amount, including your delivery charqel
be co nnected to Radio Shack's Expansion
interface, to give you up to 48,000
characters of memory, up to 4 disk drives,
addition of a telephone communication
system, Voice Synthesizer, various printers,
a real time clock, as well as plotters and
other neat tntertacesl As your skills with
the PMC-80 improve, you're sure to want
some of the ADD-ON's described above.
(And these are just a few!)
Save Money! Use your own
television!
The PMC-80 has a built in RF
MODULATOR so you can use your black
and white or color TV for a VIDEO
MONITOR! A simpl e hook-up to your
televisi on's antenna connector, makes
channel 3 your compute r's video channel.
Special Introductory Offer:
25 Free Programs
SIMUTEK, a leading innovator in Home
Computer Software, is maki nq a
SPECTACULAR INTRODUCTORY OFFER
79
position. The antenna-tuning assembly mounts at
the base of the antenna. The transmitter is for
CW operation but can easily be converted to AM.
Wiring of the kit takes about an hour using simple
tools . Complete assembly and operati ng inst ruc-
tions are included. Suggested retai l price Is
$145.-Palomar Engineers, Box 455, Escondido,
CA 92025.
CIRCLE 125 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
and the average automatic tune-up time is 15
seconds. Front -panel switch positions permit use
continued on page 82
CIRCLE 124 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
MAGNET MOUNT, model K-350, comprises a
heavy-duty, professional-grade magnet base with
pre-assembled RG-58U cable and fittings to
accommodate virtually all standard base-loaded
or low-profile whips. The assembly will accommo-
date either '1. -24 thre adbase-loaded whips or,
with an adapter (furnished), 1'/.-18 thread . Cable
length is 12 feet , ample for rooftop vehicle instal -
lations, and is furnished with a pre- assembled
PL-259 standard RF connector. The suggested
retail price is $28.75.- The Antenna Specialists
Co., Professional Division, 1234 Euclid Ave.,
Cleveland, OH 44106.
AUTOMATIC ANTENNA TUNER, Auto Track
model AT2500 is for use with amateur , commer-
cial, and government communications systems. It
can handle power in excess of 2500 PEP over a
frequency range continuous from 3 to 30 MHz,
CIRCLE 121 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
More information on radio products is available. Use the
Free Information Card inside the back cover.
NEW6.14 dBi GAIN omni-directional CB antenna,
the Sigma III, gives CB'ers the ability to transmit
and receive farther than ever thought possible
wi th an omni -directional antenna. Excellent
bandwidth provides for a 1.1: 1SWR at resonance
with 1.5: 1 or bette r over all 40 channels. Unlike
convent ional bottom-radiating antennas, the Sig-
ma I Vradiates the majority of t he signal from high
ed for select ing the standard 8-pole 2.4 kHz SSB
filter, t he optional 1.8 kHz 8-pole SSB filter, t he
optional 250-Hz or 500-Hz 8-pole CW filters, cas-
cading t hem for 16 poles of filtering, or placing
them in the signal path along with 450 and 150 Hz
active audio filt ers. The OMNI-Calso has " hang"
AGC and a standard noise blanker. Price is
$1189.- TEN-TEC, Inc., Highway 411 E., Sevier-
ville, TN 37862.
CIRCLE 122 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
CIRCLE 123 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
TRANSMITTER KIT, model 1750 Meter Trans-
mitter, for the 160 to 190 kHz experimenter's
band. Operation at one-watt input power and
with a 50-foot maximum antenna length is al-
lowed by the FCC with no license required. The
tr ansmitter has two parts: The main assembly
cont ains the frequency generator, power supply,
and control panel , and is located at the operating
up on the ant enna, giving an extra boost In per-
formance. The antenna may even be mounted at
ground-level -there's no need for tower or mast
mounting to achieve excellence. The Sigma IV
has an RF safety factor of 2,000 watts . Cost is
$89.95.-Avanti Research and Development,
Inc., 340 St ewart Avenue', Addislon, IL 60101.
TRANSCEIVER, OMNI-C Series, model 546, cov-
ers bands from 160 through 10 meters and has all
nine high-frequency bands, with crystals included
for seven of the nine bands . It features a three-
mode , two-range offset -tuning capabi lity with a
choice of offset tuning for the receiver, transmit-
ter, or combined transceiver. SWitching is provid-

SHURE
GENUINE
A new stylus (need le) can
actually save you money, Even
a prec ision craft ed di amond
styIus eventually wears out. and
a worn or broken styl us tip can
damage your records in a
single play! Protect your
records by checking your stylus
at least once a year, Your Shure
dealer can inspect it. and if
necessary, replace your stylus
with a Genuine Shure
replac ement stylus that will
bring your cart rid ge right back
to its origi nal specif icati ons.
I fact:
a Shure stylus
is a sound
investment
Cartri dges don' t wear out: styli do!
This and many other helpful facts
are discussed in a new pamp hlet
recently prepared by Shure. It
includes everythin g you need to
know to keep your Shure cartri dge
in perfec t operati ng order. It even
contains detail s on how you can
improve the performance of some
Shure cartri dges beyond their
original spec if icat ions To get your
copy, stop in at your Shure dealer,
or write to Shure at the add ress
listed below and ask for AL633.
FREE! Shure
Music-Lovers
Stylus Guide
Shure Brothers Inc., 222 Hartrey Ave.
Evanston, IL 60204
In Canada: A. C, Simmonds & Sons Limited
Outside the U.S. or Canada, write to
Shure Brothers Inc., Attn: Dept. J6
for informat ion on your local Shure distributor,
Manufacturers of high fidelity components,
microphones, sound systems and related
circuitry.
CIRCLE 52 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
80
(J)
o
z
o
a:
I-
o
W
-J
W
6
is
-c
a:
s::
:>
:0
o
:r:
...
<0
00
...
81
PanACEa. Ullun
IIIUS All
U'TGIIUa 11.15
IIUI-Inao us
$lUI-SlUO US
$51.11-$101.10 us
I,e
FREE ALBIA
"TEMPLATE"
..a..._ WITH EVERY
ORDER RECEIVED
by March 25, 1981
PRE-TESTED
ALBIA' SECONOMY OI GITAL
DM-9 MULTI -LOGIC
COMPATIBLE515VDC PROBE
The features are many on this qua-
lity Albia test inst rument; will de-
tect low repeat rate pulses (up to
1.5 MHz) ; detects low, high or
pulsed log ic leve ls with a mini-
mum detectable pulse widt h of 300
nsec. Easy-t o-
int er pr et 3 LED $2
readout. Built-in 6
95 over-voltage
and reverse I. dd a
po larity W"",,,
protect ion.
IMMEDIATE DELIVERY ... NOT AKIT
ALB IA EXTERNAL REGULATED,
SHORT PROOF ADAPTER
Modei DM-5B, supplies $19
95
up to 300 Mi lliAmps at
5V, saves batteries ... ONLY ='!r
Compl.t.ly
....mbl.d .nd
tt.d .. . for only
LOW COST HIGH FREQUENCYCOUNTER
NOT AKIT
Connect thi s highquali ty AlbiaCapac itance Meter Modu le
Model DM8 to your digital mul t imeter and turn it into a
Digital Capacitance Meter - the low cost way!
- Push to read range (button) from 1 pf to 20,000flF.
- Zero calibration control
INSTANT ORDER - In one easy to use, self-contained package
INFORMATION - Battery powered (with "push to read" battery saver)
BELOWI IN STOCKII MMEDI ATEDELIVERYI
FOR FAST AND DEPENDABLE DELIVERY SERVICE
CALL TOLLFREE: 1-800-243-6953 I
WE ACCEPT lASTERCHUGt liSAAID AiEl CREDIT CUDS
.. . PIbo..... 1luJ.'"""" .., .fIniIo .... 1OIl Iill.
ALBIA ELECTRONICS INC
24Albia SI. NewHaven, CT 0651 2
CIRCLE 54 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
ALBIA SATISFACTION If forany reason , whatsoever, yo u are n ot co mp letely
WARRANTY
satosfted With your pur chase, ret urn It Wit hin 30 days of
: purchase date for a full refund - it' s as simple as that!
NOT AKIT
Alb ia Quality Hardware - yo ur ideas - not a kit - pre -
wired pre-tested - do n't let t his price fool you, t his is a
high qualit y, high IC capacity, port able sei f-contai ned
cir cuit de signer - includes;
- Control switches and buffered LED logic i ndi cator s.
- Plug in you r Ie s into solderless breadboards . tie in
power and
- All inte rco nnect ions bet ween LED s,
switches, and circuits via 22-26 solid wire.
- Self-powered, in one co mpact, good took -
ing and du rable carryi ng case .
-Ideal for home experiments. t he laboratory
and stu de nts .
- Batt ery (4 1'h Volt Ccells') or ACpowered
provides economical bench use or
convenient portable use .
Available in two models.
Albia Model OM-SA $49
95
containing 4 LEDs
and 4 logic switches
W"",,,
Albia Model OM-S $64
95
r-;
contains 8 LEOs and
8 logic switches
Batteries not included. =
REGULATEDTRIPLE POWER SUPPLY
BARGAIN PRICED ALBIA MODEL DM-6
A fully assembled and tested power supply that $79
95
provides a solid, f ull y wired triple power supply
i ncl udi ng fi xed 5V @ 1 Amp , 5V to 15V @ 0.5 Amp ,
and -5Vto -15V @ 0.5 Amp - all supplies regulated,
short proof. Each supply has short indicator LED.
Complete and ready for use in a durable
(8"x6"x3W') metal case.
The Albia Model DM-?, 8 Digit High Frequency Counter is
easy t o use, switch selectabl e time base input by a single
BNC, nothing to build - nothing more to buy! 0
-5 Hzto 550 MHz
- 8 bigeasy-to-read.43" high intensity LED display
- Crystal (3ppm@ 25C)cont rolled 0.1 or 1.0 sec.gatetimes
- Convenient benchtop size (7"x10"x3")
THIS
LOW PRICE War",,,
COMPLETELY ASSEMBLED. PRE-CALIBRATED .
/'i/ NEW ALBIA DESIGN-MATE
/ :,r CIRCUIT DESIGNER
INSTANT ORDER
INFORMATION
BELOWI
FREE!!
BIG
1981 SALE
CATALOG
42 pages of
exciting
bargains!
Send today!!
CIRCLE 27 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
RADIO PRODUCTS
continued from page 80
of three coaxial antenna out puts, one long-wir e
antenna, and one coaxial tuner bypass. The
impedance is 10-300 ohms. A direct- reading
SWR meter on the front panel is calibrated from
1.1 to infinity. '
The front-panel power meter displ ays RMS
power with cont inuous (CW) carrier and automat-
Ically displays the peak power when in the SSB
mode in ranges of 0-250 W and 0-2500 W.
The price of the model AT2500 is $698.00.
-Bell Industries, J . W. Miller Division, 19070
Reyes Ave., P.O. Box 5825, Compton , CA
90224.
VARIABLE FILTER, the Varlfilter can be set to
maximize one signal (peaking) or to minimize an
interfering signal (notching): it works with CW
(Morse), single-sideband , and AM signals, with-
out ringing, oscillation , or instability. The band-
width is variable from under 30 Hz to over 1 kHz.
CIRCLE 126 ON FREEINFORMATION CARD
The Varifilter has its own internal power supply,
which is switchable from 115 to 230 VAC, and can
also run from 12 to 18 VDC. Each unit has a tun-
ing eye that lets the operator see when he has
filtered the signal he wants to.
The Varifilter is priced at $139.95.- Kantron-
lcs; 1202 E. 23rd Street , l awrence, KS 66044.
UNICORN-
continued from page 66
et. Tabl e 2 will also help you with that.
Because it is possible to insert the
boards into the sockets back wards, we
recommend that you use a marker pen or
nail polish to indicat e the finger-l edge of
the board and the pin-I end of the socket .
If the boards are removed and then
replaced, lining up the marks will prevent
embarrassing accidents.
Things to come
Because the radio/computer-control
section of the robot involves so many
parts, it is impossible to present every-
thin g in one sect ion and make the transi-
tion from a cabl e-controlled robot to a
radio-co ntr olled one in a single jump.
The circuit described here, though, can
be chec ked out by disconnecting the
switches in the command console from
the 12-volt supply, and providing them
with five volts, instead. The motor and
solenoid wiri ng inside the robot , which
has served us well, can now be connect ed
to the relays via the pins on the relay-
board socket. Refer to Tables I and 3 in
Part 7. The five-volts from the command-
console switches can now be supplied, via
the existi ng umbili cal cable.
Nex t mont h we' ll present the radi o-
cont rol tone-encodi ng and decoding cir-
cuits, and Unicorn- I will be able to cut its
apron stri ngs. R-E
Electronics Paperback Book Club
Quality Paperbacks at Affordable Prices I
I
n $15 for - 15% discount n $25 for - 20% discount
rYe checked off the book I want FREE and have included my rYe checked off the free book and have enclosed my $25 memo,
$1 5 membership fee. I understand that this fee makes me a bership fee. I understand that this fee makes me a member of
I
member of your book club for one year and that during that time your book club for one year and that during that time I can order
I can order as many books as I want and deduct 15%from the list as many books as I want and deduct 20% from the list price. I
pri ce. further understand that I can use my $25 membership fee as a,
credit toward future purchases.
I
D CASH NOW I've checked off the books that I want to buy.
To order from t his ad: Check off the books you want. Total the prices . Add 0 Electronic Test Equipment Construction $4.50 I
l
in 25 per book for shipping. NY State residents add Sales Tax. Total it up, 0 52 Projects Using The 741 $2.95
enc lose your check and mail. 0 28 Tested Transistor Projects $3.50
o 1st Book of Hi-Fi LOUdspeaker Enclosures $2.75 0 Electronic Calculator Users Handbook $2.95 I
o Radi o Circuits Using IC's $3.50 0 Handbook Of IC Audio Preamp and Power Amp Construction $3.25
I
0 Single IC Projects $3.95 0 50 Circuits Using Germanium Silicon and Zener Diodes $2.25
o IC 555 Projects (Expanded Edit ion) $4.50 0 50 Projects using Relays SeR's and Triacs $2.95
o Handbook Of IC Equivalents and Substitutes $1.95 0 50 FET (Field Effect Transistor) Projects $3.50 I
I
0 First Book Of Diode Char acterist ics, Equivalents & Substitutes $2.95 0 Digital IC Equivalents and Pin Connections $6.95
o A Practical Introducti on to Digital IC's $2.95 0 Linear IC Equivalents and Pin Connections $6.95
o Beginners Guide To BUilding Electronic Projects $3.50 0 50 Simple LED Circuits $2.25 I
o Essenti al Theory For t he Electronics Hobbyist $3.50 0 How To Make Walkie-Talkies $3.50
o 1st Book Of Transi st or Equ ivalents and Substitutes $1.95 0 Popular Electronic Projects $3.50
I
0 2nd Book Of Transistor Equivalents and Substitutes $2.95 0 Electronic Music and Creative Tape Record ing $3.50
o How To Bui ld Your Own Metal & Treasure Locators $2.95 0 Projects In Opto Electronics $3.50
_____ _ _ _ ORDERFORII _
I
I
(J)
o
Z
o
c:::
I-
o
W
...J
W
6
15

c:::
ORDERING INFORMATION MAIL TO:
ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY TOD
17 Slate Lane, Central Islip, NY 11722
No Canadian Orders
State
Y INC.
Zip
82
LASER VIDEODISC
continued from page 69
Demodulator I module. The output of
that demodulator is the left-channel
audio signal in the case of a stereo-en-
coded disc. That left-audio signal is ap-
plied to the an electronic switch on the
Sound Demodulator I module. The 2.8-
MHz FM demodulator on the other
sound module also receives the sound-
FM signal and the demodulated right-
channel audio signal is also applied to
an electronic switch. Each switch is
controlled by a DC voltage to mute the
respective sound channel. The switches
are shown in their normal position,
with neither channel muted. In addition
to passing through the electronic switch
and out to the left-audio output jack,
the left-audio signal passes through pin
7 of the module and into the adder cir-
cuit on the second-channel module.
The right-channel audio signal is also
applied to that adder circuit so that the
output of the adder is an L+R audio
Dropout detection circuit
The 8.1-MHz video-FM signal from
the high-frequency processor module is
applied to the 8.1-MHz video FM
amplifier through pin 3 on the Dropout
Detector Module, as shown in Fig. 6.
The trap removes any residual2.3-MHz
signal present at that point from the
sound carrier, The amplifier supplies
two outputs: one at pin 15 and one at
pin 17. The latter output passes through
a 64-microsecond delay line and is
therefore delayed by the time it takes
for one horizontal-scan line to occur.
The undelayed video FM is applied
to the Dropout Detector. The output of
that stage is a voltage at pin 7. If the
high-frequency signal drops out mo-
mentarily, the pin-7 output goes to 5
volts DC. The drop-out adjust potenti -
ometer R3024 sets the actual amount of
time the high frequency must be absent
before the detector responds. That out-
put at pin 7 is called the High Frequency
Identification voltage because the DC-
voltage level is an identification of
NOW YOU
CAN BUILD
YOURSELF
AN
ORCHESTRA
The most advanced - most versatile organ
you aver dreamad of Is now within most
everyone's reach .. because you build It
yourself the exclusive WERSI way .
Expand your instrument according to
your taste and budget. With WERSi's
'Building Biock' system, you'll never
need to trade organs agalni
Superior WERSI qualltv also available In
pianos, synthesizers, amps, rhythm units,
etc.... kit or factory assembled.
Send $6 for the exciting Sight and Sound
package everyone raves about. You'll
receive the famous "WERSITiME 2"
12" LP with accompanying libretto as well
as a full color, 104 page manual, widely
acclaimed as the encyclopedia of organ
builders, Introducing you to the
Wonderful World of
liihIITI=t;J#'II world leader quality
;.I.I.:_='._CII. do-it-yourself Instruments
AG. 8-A COMPOSITEvideo signal Is supplied to 'the reference control and the video processor
modules.
.,...." 5'-
f r': l H.J
.- :::J. 1
State Zip __
0101 SOLID STATE
CLOCK/CALENDAR UNIT
BIG 2W' DISPLAY!
12124 hour selectable
Alarm output Kit $49.95
Assembled $79.95
Oak Case $29.95
Address _
City
SELF-TEACHING AID:
6101 DIGITAL LOGIC COURSE $29.95
Learn digital logi c WIth 26 self teaching experiments,
Save on digital br ead
boarding
Easy transit ion fr om pro-
totype to wir ing diagrams
Ai ds digital ci rcuit design
Kit $49.95
Assembled $59.95
SAVE TIME AND MONEY!
6100
UNIVERSAL
DESIGNER
WERSI ELECTRONICS, INC. Dept. M4
P. O. Box 5318, 1720 Hempstead Road
Lancaster, PA 17601
Please send above demo pack @ $6.00.
Name' _
VIDEO TORF
I---+-_ MODULATOR
O.9Vp.p
I 2.9VOC
I
(
I
I __...I
11
BACKGROUND
BLANKING
VIDEO
6 _..1 __
FRAME
NO.
VIDEO
75S1
1--+--40) MONITOR
---:1m<
CLAMPGATE 15
PULSE
Jl
VIDE0 --'-'+--+1
VIOEO--+--+i
Sattstection Guaranteed
_ '. FOR FAST DELIVERY CALL TOLL-FREE
..;:,;" -' 1-800-426-6254
PAc::r:DIfI' 14905 H.E. 40TH. DEPT. RE-3
_ REIlIotONO. WA ll8052 (206) 883-9200
Please rush me the following:
D 6100 UNI VERSAL DESIGNER KIT $49.95
D 6100 UNI VERSAL DESIGNER ASSEMBLED 59.95
D 6101 DIGITAL LOGIC COURSE 29.95
D 0101 CLOCK/CA LENDAR KIT 49.95
D 0101 CLOCK/CA LENDAR ASSEMBLED 79.95
D OAK CASE 29.95
ADD $300 PER ORDER POSTAGE & HANDLI NG
signal. That sum signal is applied to the
RF modulator to modulate the sound-
carrier portion of the VHF (Channel 3
or 4) signal.
If the left channel is muted at the
front panel of the player, the voltage at
pin 15of Sound Demodulator 1 module
goes high (to 5 volts) and switches the
electronic switch to position B. The
left-audio signal now goes nowhere,
while the right-audio signal is passed to
the left-audio out jack and, through pin
7, to the adder. Thus, the right-channel
audio signal is present at both adder in-
puts and at both rear-panel audio-out-
put jacks.
whether or not high frequency is present.
That identification voltage is used later .
on in other circuits.
The video-FM and the delayed video-
FM signals are each applied to a de-
modulator module as shown in Fig. 7.
Video Demodulator I module receives
the undelayed video-FM signal and ap-
plies it to the demodulator stage at pin
15. The composite video output of the
demodulator is present at a test point
on pin I and is applied to a video
amplifier. That amplifier has a fre-
quency response out of 4.2 MHz. The
gain of the amplifier is controlled by
continued on page lOB
ADDRESS
CITY
CREDIT
CARD NO
SIQ"lA TUAE
ST ZIP
,.,
CIRCLE16ONFREEINFORMATION CARD
83
The time constant is the key to recognizing faults in oscillator
circuits. JACK CARR, SERVICE EDITOR
time-constant involves all of the compo-
nents: the secondary winding, the capaci-
tor, and the resistors. All of those should
be checked .
The symptom here was two complete
820n
+35V
TO
- - - - - ~ PRE,ORI VER
HORIZOSC
Service questions are 011 page 86
And the same thing can happen in the
horizontal-oscillator stages too. In the
cathode-coupled (emitter-coupled) cir-
cuit, where a tapped coil is used in the
grid-cathode (base-emitter) circuit, there
will be resonati ng capacitors across the
coil. There is also a coupling capacitor
from the top of the coil to the input. All
of those capacitors are crit ical. Even very
small leakage in any of the m can cause
trouble.
The horizontal AFC circuit can cause
off-frequency operat ion, in some cases.
That can be mistaken for a time-constant
problem in the oscillator. Luckily, there
is a very simple test for it: Just kill t he
AFC, and see if you can make the oscilla-
tor run on-frequency with the hold con-
trol. If so, the oscillator is OK and you
have to deal with the AFC.
You do have some time-constant cir-
cuits in the horizonta l AFC, by the way.
Note the filtering circuitry between the
AFC diodes and the oscillator base in Fig.
2. You can get a real headache if some of
those parts have gone off-value.
There is an electrolytic capacitor and
that can go down in value. One function
of the filter network is to remove all sync
signals from the AFC-control voltage.
Failure will allow the sync to get into the
oscillator control, and the result will be a
"mysterious" horizontal j itter. Here
again, don't rely on DC-voltage readings
exclusively. The scope will show you
whet her there is any unwanted signal on
the oscillator base, and that is a key
clue. R-E
R8
RS
5.1K
1.5K
.002
SYNC
) AFC
DlOOES + C4
81l F
FIG. 2
pict ures. The oscillator frequency was
checked on a scope and it was 30 Hz, thus
the oscillator was runnin g slow. That is a
valuable clue. A low frequency tells us
that one of the values is far too large so a
component must have increased in value.
We have three possibilities: inductance,
capacitance, and resistance. It is quite
impossible for an inductor to go up in
value. The same is true for a paper capac-
itor. So, we can eliminate those. That
leaves us with resistance . And indeed it's
quite possible for a resist or to increase in
value. There are three resistors used: R13
(47K ohms); Rl4 (10K ohms); and the
500-ohm hold control. Checking those
out showed that R13 had gone up to more
than l OOK ohms. After replacing it, the
problem cleared up. You can see the rea-
soning that eliminated most of the com- ,
ponents, and left us with the only ones
that could produce the indicated fault.
Incidentally, the DC voltages around the
stage were very close tonormal so, in this
case they weren't of much help. But the
picture on the screen plus confirmation
with the scope gave us t he needed infor-
mation very quickly.
In similar cases with older sets, a
slightly leaky capacitor in the feedback
loop (output-stage plate back through an
R-C network to the input grid) can upset
the time constant and cause off-frequency
operation. In a great percentage of those
cases, the culprit was the last capacitor in
the loop going to the input grid. Here, it
affected the oscillator time-constant. By
the same reasoning, a leaky coupling
capaci tor from the sync-separa tor to that
grid can also upset things.
TOBASEOF
ORIVER
VERTICAL
OSCILLATOR
Cl0
0.1
R28
390n
R13
47K
R14
10K
+35V TO 500n ";"
VERT
llil.ll!.
CONTROL
FIG. 1
SYNC - ~ - - - - < H - t
AN OLD PROBLEM HAS COME UP AGAIN-
incorrect time-constants in critical TV
sweep-circuits. All circuits are critical, of
course, but the two sweep oscillators are
even more so. If the basic problem is
recongized when you begin the diagnosis,
it's a lot easier all around.
The symptom is that the oscillator is
running, but at the wrong frequency .
Vertical oscillators cause the display of
two pictures, or an overlapped picture
which can look almost like the first. If
you see two complete pictures, but only
half-height, the vertical oscillator is run-
ning at half-frequency-30 Hz. If you see
two overlapped pictures, the oscillator's
running at double frequency , or 120 Hz.
In all cases, that is due to an incorrect
time-constant in the frequency-control-
ling circuitry. In the multivibrator types
so popular a while ago, that was an R-C
time constant and resistor drift or capaci-
tor leakage threw it off. In some of the
new sets, however , oscillator transformers
are coming back.
In the case that triggered this column,
a Quasar TS-938, a two-winding trans-
former is used. The primary winding goes
to the collector, and secondary to the base
' of the transistor. There is a resonating
capacitor and some resistors across the
secondary. That is shown in Fig. 1. The

en
o
z
o
a:
l-
o
W
....1
W
Q.
c
~
...
84
ia-
Irani .

SPECIAL REPRINT
BUILD ABACKYARD SATELLITE TV RECEIVER
Don't miss out again!
Send away today for your 36-page
booklet containing a complete reprint
of all seven articles in the series on
Backyard Satellite TV Receivers by
Robert B. Cooper Jr .
This all-inclusive report gives you all
the data you need to build your own
Backyard Satellite TV Receiver.
TELLS ALL ABOUT domestic satel-
lite communications, wi th full details
on how you can pull t hose elusive TV
signals from space.
LEGAL REQUIREMENTS, techni-
cal spec ifications, and how you, the
home constructor, can meet them.
Find out what mechanical and elec-
tronics skills you need.
RECEIVER CHARACTERISTICS,
technical details and specific atio ns,
along with examples of act ual re-
ceivers built at comparatively low
cost.
ANTENNA DESIGN... and .ex-
actly how you can build a spher ical
antenna, whi le keeping tot al earth-
station cost for the complete system
under $1,000.
THE FRONT END is cri tic al when
you build your own system. We hel p
you explore several diff erent ap-
proaches to making one that will
work for you.
RECEIVER-SYSTEMhardware, and
how it goes together to bring you di-
rect-from-satelli te TV recept ion in
your own home.
To order your copy:
Complete coupon and enclose it wit h
your check or money order for $6.00.
We will ship your reprint, postpaid in
U.S. and Canada, within 6 weeks of
receipt of your order. All others add
$3.00 for postage. NewYork State res-
idents must add 48q: sales tax.
-----... - -----------...--------------------------------------------- ----- ----------- -------- --------------- -- -------- -------- -- --- ----- -- - - --- --- - ------- - -- -- - -- -- -- - --- - - -1
, ,
, ,
I Please print I
! iI i _ Satellite TV Repr ints !
EI -Ira 45 East 17th Street i,
.. 18 New York, N.Y. 10003 ' ""' (N'"" am=-e::7 ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
, ,
, ,
I I
, ,
, ,
! I want repr ints @ $6.00 each, postpaid. (St reet address) !
! I have enclosed $ . N.Y. State residents must !
i add 48/t sales tax, (C' ) (Stat e) (Zip) i
, rty ,
, ,

......
<0
00
......
85
thr ee cans of freeze spray! Finally got
down to looking for odd things. There
was some discoloration on the PC board
near the height control. For lack of a bet-
ter idea, I sprayed that area and the verti-
cal sweep came back! Scraping the PC
board clean and replacing the PC conduc-
tors from the height control to the pins
with wires fixed everything.
Thanks to David A. Day of Apalachi-
cola, FL for that one.
BREAKER TRIPS
I've got one in this RCA CTC59XD that
I can 't pin down. The circuit breaker trips
in three minutes. Seems to be in the high-
voltage section. If I pull the MAGOO1 hori-
zontal-oscil/ator module, the breaker
stays in. Replaced MAGOO1 and trace
SCR; no help. Where do I go from here?-
V.S. Dalton, PA.
If the breaker doesn't trip for thr ee
minut es, it looks as if something is heat-
ing up and breaking down. If the breaker
holds with no drive to the high-voltage
section, I'll take that idea as OK. While
the breaker is still holding, try spraying
coolant on things around the high-voltage
section. That might give you some help.
We've had problems in some of those sets
with dri ver transformer T403 breaking
down.
(Feedback- Thanks! It was T403. I
sprayed it wit h coolant and that worked.
Replaced it and t hings are fine.) R-E
You can do it thanks to SGL multiple outlet strips. There are
over 100versatile models with unsurpassed quality workmanship.
Each exceeds National Electrical Code standards and is safety
tested. Ideal for organ izing your work area and having extra outlets
exactly where you want them. Over 2,000electronic distributors carry
the SGL Waber line. Send for our free 24page catalog, today!
In An Instant.

ORCOMING UPSHORT
SGLWABER Electric
A division of SGL Indust ries, Inc.
Dept. H-300 Harvard Avenue
Westville, NewJersey 08093
(609)4565400
service
questions
NO HIGH VOLTAGE
This GE15XB has no high voltage. All of
the DC voltage supplies are OK. There is
no collector voltage on 0253 (horizontal
output); I've checked all of the things I
can find, no result. Any ideas?-C.C. Rio
Grande, PRo
With no collector voltage on the hori-
zontal output tr ansistor , you' ll never get
high voltage! The fuse doesn't blow, so
something is open. Go to the +13l -volt
source and start checking from there back
to the collector of Q253. You' ll find it
somewhere in t here.
(Feedback-R269 was open. That is
lO-ohm 2-watt resistor from the +131-
volt source to the flyback winding. I
thought I was checking R269 but it was
R266!)
INTERMITTENT VERTICAL
Complaint was no vertical sweep in this
RCA EC338W. There was just a hori-
zontal line. Fiddling with the vertical size
and vertical linearity controls brought the
sweep back and the raster filled the
screen. Deciding that something in there
is heat-sensitive, I went to work.. I found
nothing conclusive; sometimes it worked,
sometimes it wouldn' t. But I did use up
Model 131
0.25% accuracy
$134
Prices U.S.A. only.
Prices subject to cha nge without notice.
Model 130
0.5% accuracy
lOA range
Now available from your
local electronics distributor.
For a compl ete list contact
Keithley today or reader service
number below.
We've
got your
number.
CIRCLE 14 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
t .. ...
f .
'..
IDEAL FOR
RACK MOUNTS
I(EITHLEY
Keithley Instruments, Inc.
28775 Aurora Road
Cleveland, Ohio 44139
(216) 248-0400 Telex: 98-5469
CIRCLE 33 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
C/)
o
z
o
II:
I-
o
W
-I
W
o
is
-c
II:
86
STATE-OF-THE-ART! DO-NOTHING
continued from page 62
. Although CMOS gates are used for
four Ie's, the EPROM current require-
ments are high and the "do-nothing"
box needs a regulated 5-volts at about
150 rnA. I used a "battery eliminator"
DC supply of the type used for calcu-
lators and cassette recorders. Those
are often available inexpensively as
discontinued items at surplus or dis-
count outlets. Their regulation is poor
and a 6-volt eliminator at 200 mA
delivers closer to 8 volts and works
well here. Batteries are an impractical
power source for 150 rnA.
Construction is straightforward.
Point-to-point or wire-wrap will work
best. A printed circuit board would be
very complex because of the IC pinouts.
You could substitute TTL IC's for the
CMOS ones with some component
changes and an increase in power-
supply current. Use a small heat sink
on the voltage regulator. I mounted the
LED's on the circuit board and replaced
the box cover with red plastic. You can.
mount the LED's separately or use
transistor drivers and incandescent
lamps instead. Whatever type of dis-
play you use, you will have a truly (for
now) state-of-the-art "do-nothing"
box . RE
REDUCING DISTORTION
continued from page 54
so that the amplifier produces its rated
power output for each of the selected
impedances.
Layout and construction
Figure 6 shows the internal layout of
the newly developed amplifier. The pre-
viously described power-supply sec-
tion of the amplifier accounts for ap-
proximately half of the total cubic space
inside the unit. Also visible in the photo
is a highly efficient cooling system that
uses a heat pipe with a related blower
fan. A linear torque motor similar to the
type used for turntables and tape decks,
is used to drive the fan for silent opera-
tion.
Since the power stage of this ampli-
fier does not have a negative-feedback
loop, the quality of the materials used
in all components-and the quality of
their performance-has a close rela-
tionship to tonal quality, according to
the designers of the new amplifier . The
power block and the heat-dissipation
fins, for example, are of extremely rug-
ged construction. Boron nitride has
been used as the material for the tran-
sistor insulators. That material has a
thermal conductivity rate of the same
order as metal, thereby resulting in out-
standing heat conductivity and dissipa-
tion for the power devices.
Because the amplifier is monophonic,
there is, of course, no risk of crosstalk
between channels. Nevertheless, any
interference between the first stages and
the output stages will still impair tone
quality. Therefore, the layout has been
planned so that the signal travels the
shortest possible distance from input to
output.
More technically oriented readers
may be interested in additional details
concerning the two new power MOS-
FET's that play such an important part
of this new amplifier design.
In Figs. 7 and 8 we have reproduced
transfer curves of the 2SK173 (N-chan-
nel) and its complementary 2SJ54 (P-
channel) MOSFET's while in Fig. 9
we show the input waveform and out-
put signal obtained for a squarewave
having a .repetition rate of 1600 nano-
seconds (equivalent to a frequency of
625,000 Hz)! RE
+ .
Q
American
Heart
Association
WE'REFIGHTING FOR YOUR LIFE
YOU CAN BUY AT THESE PRICES TOO!
AN D THESE ARE NOT "FA LL-OUTS". "REJECTS", "FUNCTIONALONL YS", "COSEMETlC NEN TS A YEA R, YOUR SA VINGS WIL L COVER TIl E ANNUA L .IIE.llBERSIIl P FEE OF $2 5. 00 ,
DEFFECTS ", "DOUBLE.IIARKS ", ETC.; BUT, A LL ARE PRI.IlE IC. , WITH FULL MANUFA C- AND FRO.II TIIERE 0 1'1 IT WILL BE NET PROFITS. SO DON'T DELA r, AND JOIN IN. IS
TURER'S MA RKI NG, AND 100% TESTED PER SPECIFIGATIOSS. THERE IS A LSO, NO TI.IlE ORDER TO GIVE l 'OU SUCH LOW PRI CES, WE I1A VE A VER Y LI.I/l TED A DVERTISISG
LI.I/lTS, .1/l Nl.IIUM ORDER A.lIOUNT, OR OTIIER CONDITIONS. AS A MEMBER OF BUDGET, AND YOU WILL NOT SEE THIS ''AD'' EVERY .IIOS TII. FOR INFOR.I/ATION OS
ELECTRONIC BUYERS CLUB, YOU CAS Bur YOUR IC. OR OTIIER COMPONEN TS SUCII HOW TO JOIN AND TO FIND OUT 110 W TIlE CLUB OPERATES, CIRCLE 'REA DER SER VICE
AS CAPACI TORS, RESI STORS, DIODES, SOCKETS, EDGE. CONNECTORS , BREADBOA RDING INQUIR r NUMBER' OF TillS AD OR SEND A POST CARD WITH r OUR NA ME AND
COMPOS ESTS AND EVEN .IIICRO CO.lIPUTERS AT PRICES TIIAT ARE WELL BELOW Ai\}'
ADDRESS TO: E-BC. P. O. Box 617, Columbi a, MO. 65205.
TIlIN G roU '/fA VE EVER SEES BEFORE. IF l'OU BUI' ONLl ' IS O WORTII OF CO.I/PO-
PLEASE NOTE: ONLY MEMBERS OF ELECTRONIC BUYERS CLUB ARE ELIGIBLE TO ORDER AT PRICES LISTED BELOW.
7451 10.15 74153 10.38 74283 ' 1.20 74LS54 10. 15 14LS 168 10.57 1JLS670 ' 1.14 14.5151 $0.66 UC48 $0.96 74C903 ' 0.34 4016 ' 0.28 4053 ' 0.5' 4528 ' 0. 11
74"" 7453 0. 15 74154 0.53 14290 0.54 ULS55 0. 15 14l.S 169 0.57 145153 0.66 UC13 0.46 14C9(}.' 0.34 4017 0.54 <060 0.59 453 9 0. 14
145-1 0. 15 1-4155 0.38 14293 0.54 74l.S13 0.21 14LS 170 0.8. US157 0.66 14C74 0.; 74C905 5. 10 4018 0.54 <066 0.27 4555 0.48
1-100 '0. 15 1459 0. 15 7-1156 0.38 7-1298 0.50 Ul.S74 0.2 1 74LS 113 0.60 74Sxx 145158 0.66 74C76 0. UC906 0.34 40 19 0.2 1 <068 0.2 1 <556 0.59
7' 01 0. 15 7460 0. 15 74157 0.38 1-1365 0.36 ULS15 0.30 74LS J14 OA7 14. 517-1 1.0' UCB3 0.89 UC901 0.34 4020 0.63 <069 0.17 4582 0.59
1102 0. 15 7-110 0.21 74158 0.38 74366 0.36 ULS76 0.23 74LS 175 0.47 1.JS00 '0.23 745115 0.95 74C85 0.89 UC908 0.76 4021 0.56 4070 0.23 -158' 0.43
7-' 03 0.15 747 2 0.2 1 7.JI60 0"' 8 14367 0.36 ULS78 0.2' 74LS 181 1.36 U 50 1 0.23 745189 1.83 74C86 0.23 14C909 1.38 -1022 0.56 4071 0. 17 -1702 3.8 1
7-JO, 0.17 7413 0.21 74161 0.48 74368 0.36 U LS83 0.47 UL5190 0.58 1-'502 0.23 745194 1.1 7 7"C89 2.42 uC910 3.27 1023 0. 17 4072 0. 17 1703 ' .50
7405 0. 17 1474 0.2 1 74162 0.48 ULS85 0.5' ULS I9 1 0.56 US03 0.23 U5206 2.48 74C90 0.7 1 74C9J.1 0.78 402 . 0.47 40i3 0.17 '7Q. ' 3.98
7<06 0.2 1 7475 0.30 74163 0..1-8 i 4LS86 0.24 14LS 192 0.56 74504 0.2' 7452-10 1. 29 74C93 0.71 74C918 0.89 4025 0. 17 4075 0. 17 Ji05 5.0'
7407 0.2 1 7476 0.2 1 7416' 0.5 1 74LSxx 74LS90 0.33 74LS 193 0.56 74505 0.24 745253 0.63 14C95 0.82 7lC 925 3.90 4026 0.99 4076 0.53 4i06 5.32
1408 o. l i 7480 0.22 74]65 0.5 1 14LS9 2 0.33 14I..S19' 0.74 7<S0Il 0.21 715257 0.78 74CI0 1 o.u 7K 926 3.90 1027 0.36 4011 0.38 1720 3.78
7409 0. 17 7482 0." 74166 0. 5' 711. S00 '0. 15 74LS9 3 0.33 ;., LS I 95 0.74 7<S09 0.2' 745258 0.78 74C151 1.37 74C927 3.90 4028 0.50 40 78 0.2-' 4723 0. 78
7410 0. 15 7483 0.46 74167 1.06 74LSOI 0. 15 74LS95 0.5-' U L5 196 0.56 74510 0.23 745280 I. U ].ICIS-. 2.M 74C928 3.90 4029 0.58 ' 081 0. 17 ' 7U 0. 78
U lJ 0. 11 7' 85 0.50 74 110 0.8' l4 LS02 0. 15 74LS I 07 0.22 U LS 197 0.56 7'5 11 0.23 7'5287 1.92 U C157 1.37 4030 0.23 ' 085 0.42 " 125 2. 15
74 12 0. 11 7<86 0.20 74 113 0.58 74LS 03 0.15 14LS 109 0.22 U 1.522 1 0.58 1015 15 0.23 745289 3. 11 U C160 0. 71 403 1 1.12 1086 0.42 ' 00 14 0. '6
1413 O,U ].189 0.95 7417. 0.46 ULSO ' 0.1 7 1.JLS112 0.2' 74LS21 0 1. 23 7452 0 0.23 7.JS387 2.98 74C161 0.71 4xxx 4034 1.30 <009 1.0 7 . 00Il5 0.89
7414 0.<1 7490 0.30 74175 0.45 74LS05 0. 17 74LS 113 0.2' 74LS24 1 1.23 74S2 1 0.21 93500 1. 0Il 74C162 0.71 4035 0.7 1 <093 0.36 40098 0.38
7416 1J.20 7491 0.<7 74116 0.47 74LS08 0. 16 74LS IJ.I 0.2' 74LS2H 1.23 7-1S22 0.23 93505 1.25 74C163 0.71 4000 '0.20 <0<0 0.63 <099 0.80 .0 106 0.<6
74 17 0.20 7-'92 0.30 74177 0.' 7 74LS09 0. 16 74LS I22 0.4 1 74LS251 0.5' 7453 0 0.23 935 10 J.II1J 74C164 0.7 1 <001 0./7 ,,>II 0.51 4502 0.23 40 160 0.71
0. 15 7493 0.30 74 178 1.0' 74LS JO 0.15 7ILS 123 0.47 74LS253 0.5-1 7.JS32 0.38 93512 0.74 74C165 0.77 4002 0.17 4042 O.H 4503 0.36 40 161 0.7 1
7'2 1 0. 17 1.J91 0.38 74179 1. 0' 741.511 0. 17 7 ,LS125 0.33 74LS25 7 OA I 7' 540 0.21 935 16 1.85 7le173 0.65 <006 0.7 1 40 J3 O.H 450 7 0.42 -' 0162 0.7 1
7' 23 0. 18 U95 0.38 7" 80 OA 8 U 1., 5 12 0.17 741.,SI26 0.33 741.,5258 0.41 7455 0 0.2l- 935 11 2.73 U C174 0.65 <007 0.20 ' OU 0.5' . 508 1.64 10163 0. 71
7425 0. 18 7<96 0.38 74181 1.02 741.,513 0.30 741., 5132 0.47 74LS2 59 D.H 74551 n.:.? 4 935-. 2 0.82 7-'CI7 5 0.65 <000 0.65 , a'5 0.89 . 510 0.59 ' 017-' 0.65
7426 0. 18 7497 1.58 74182 0.53 741., 514 0.60 U LS I 33 0.26 14LS260 0.21 7-1560 0.2f 93513 3.2 1 14C192 0.72 <009 0.27 4Q.J6 0.63 ssu 0.65 ' 0175 0.65
rsz: 0.18 7U07 0.20 74181 1.06 741 15 0. 15 14L')136 0.26 7lLS266 fJ.21 74561 0.2-1 93516 0.8' 7, C193 0.72 4()]0 0.27 <0<7 0.64- 4512 0.68 40192 0.72
1130 0. 15 74 109 0.22 74185 1-116 741.,520 0. 15 1-11.5138 0.45 741.,5279 0.29 7-1565 0.24 93562 1.<-. 14C195 0. 11 sou 0. 17 '(H8 0.28 4516 0.59 '0193 0.72
7132 0. 18 74 120 0.60 74188 :UO 14LS21 0. '5 1-ILSI39 0.45 i4LS283 0041 74574 0.36 74C2OO -1.00 ' 012 o.tt 40'9 0.28 4518 0.59 40191 0. 71
7137 0. 18 7-1121 0.20 74190 0.50 7, L" 22 0. 15 74LS 151 0.-11 i4 L5:?90 0.58 74576 0.36 7-1C221 0.96 4013 0.30 4050 0.28 ' 519 0.30 .0195 0.1 1
7438 0. 18 74122 0.27 74 191 0. 50 7-JLS26 0. 18 7'1.S152 o..Jl 74LS295 0. 5' 71S78 0.36 74Cxx 74C901 0.34 ' 014 0.5' 4051 0.5 ' ' 520 0.59
7'3 9 o. lB 71123 0.38 7-1192 0.50 ; ,U'27 0. 16 74[.5 153 0.11 74L5298 0. 5' 74SB6 0.36 14C902 O.H 4015 0.54 1052 0.54 1527 0.71
1410 0. 15 74125 0.30 74193 0.50 7,LS30 0. 13 741.,815. 0. 72 7, LS365 0.33 745 112 0.36 7' COO '0.20
1.JU 0.60 74126 0.30 71 19. 0. 48 74LS32 0. 17 7JLS 155 0.4 1 74LS366 0.33 745 113 0. 36 lI C02 0.20


@[LOD OO
9

':4'2 0.3 5 74132 0.39 74195 004' 1,LS37 0.18 1.JLSI56 0.41 74LS 36i 0.33 745 ll " 0.36 7K O' 0.20
3:
7143 0.50 74141 0.53 74 196 0. 47 74LS38 0. 18 7-JLS 157 0.4 1 74LS36 8 0.33 745132 0.52 74C08 0.20
7,144 0.50 74145 OA 5 74197 0..17 ULS40 0. 15 7-JLS1 58 O,U 74LS373 0.96 145 133 0.23 74CI0 0.20
A SUBSIDIARY OF ECIUSA, INC.
}>
1445 0.50 7-U47 0.89 74198 0.63 74LS'2 0.42 74LS I60 0.5 1 74LS374 0.96 745 13' 0.2' UCH 0.<6
:II
74' 6 0.-16 7JJ 48 0.62 74199 0.63 7,1.,5 ' 7 0.60 74L5 16 1 0.5 1 741., 5386 0.28 7-15135 0. ' 2 7,C20 0.20 P. O. Box 617
o
7417 0. ' 6 74150 0.5' 71221 0.50 74LS .8 0.51 74LS I62 0.5 1 7-' LS390 0.93 745138 0.49 1. C30 0.20
Columbia, MO 65205
:I:
7-148 0.'6 74 151 0.38 74251 0.57 741., 5' 9 0.54 741., 5 163 0.5 1 U LS393 0.93 745139 0. 98 7402 0.20 ....
7'50 0. 15 74 152 0.38 74279 0.36 74I..S51 0. 15 74LS 164 0.5 1 74LS490 1. 02 745140 0.26 14C42 0.72 CO

CIRCLE 13 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

87
Our pop ular Programmable Drum Set' s simple
programming system allows even nrst time users
to structure bass, tom, snare, wood- block and
clave sounds into any rhythm in any time
srqnatura. Ver sat i l e memory organization
provides simultaneous storage 01 two separate
rhythm patterns each with Its own bridge rhythm
Bridges are activated from either the cont rol
panel touch plate or optronal toot switcn and are
automatically synchronized to the main rhythm.
Improved memory ci rCUitry tets Ihe " save"
mode hold rhylhm patterns for over one year while
battery life tor normal operation has been
extended to several hundred hours.
In easy to assemble kit Or fully assembled.
( ) Send #3750 ' Drum Set Kit , $89.95 plus $3
shippi ng enclose d,
( ) Send #3750 ' Drum Set Assembled, $154.95
plus $3 shippi ng enc losed.
( ) Send Free Cata log.
Name: _
Address: _
Ci ty: State: __Zip: _
VISA: __MC:__Card No. _
IIIiAEUCTJlOIjICS, DEPT, 3R, t 020. , W1LS11IRE, OKlA CITY, OK 71116 ,
CIRCLE 2 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
Put Professional Knowledge and a
COLLEGE DEGREE
HOME
STUDY
in your Electronics Career through
DEGREE
. No commuting to class. Study at your
own pace, while continuing your present
job . Learn from easy-to-understand les-
sons, with help from your home-study
instructors whenever you need it.
In the Grantham electronics program,
you first earn your A.S.E:T. degree, and
then your B.S.E.T. These degrees are ac-
credited by the,Accredit ing Commission
of the National Home Study Council.
Our f ree bulletin gives full details of
the home-study program, the degrees
awarded, and the requirements for each
degree. Write for Bulletin R-81.
Grantham College of Engineering
2500 So. LaCienega Blvd.
Los ,Angeles, California 90034
., I
CAR ELECTRONICS
continuedfrom page 51
Let 's hear from you
We've reported on electronics on the
dashboard, under the hood, in the bells
and whistles, and how it's helping cars
spend less time in service . Now it's
your tum.
If you think there's room for improve-
ment, tell us your ideas. If you've de-
veloped a gadget that puts electronics
to work in your car, describe it to us. If
you think somebody's handing us a
line, tell us about it.
And if you'd like to see more of this .
kind of coverage, tell us that, too. That's
the way electronics moves from today
to tomorrow. R-E
and shut down "chop shop" opera-
tions . It can even be used to keep the
parts department from ordering the
wrong part for your particular engine.
Service facilities are also increasingly
dependent on thoroughly detailed engi-
neering data from the manufacturers.
Diagnostic and repair manuals are be-
coming much more graphic and their
language more readable. But the more
information that's available on each car,
and the more cars, the harder it gets to
store all that paper. Microfiche and
other space-saving methods are being
used, and a number of computer soft-
ware packages are being developed.
Tools are also getting smarter. GM is
developing an Automotive Service
Analyzer, an advanced version of a
cooling-system teste r first developed in
1976. In its eventual form, it will be
capable of diagnosing problems with air
condi tioning, cooling, electrical, and
automatic transmission systems, and
then will give repair instructions in
English on an alphanumeric display.
The magic, of course, is performed
by a built-in microprocessor. The tester
is attached to the vehicle and the
mechanic dials up the tests he wants to
perform. The Automotive Service
Analyzer walks him through a test pro-
cedure and gives him a diagnosis of
the problem.
When development of the Automo-
tive Service Analyzer is complete, GM
will continue its policy of making tech-
nological advances like this available to
qualified manufacturers of service tools
and equipment, free of charge. That's
how GM' s SOS (Service Order Sched-
uling) system--developed by GM Ser-
vice Research and Delco Electronics
Division-became available through
several commercial computer-system
companies. SOS controls the work flow
in a large service organization by
scheduling and routing the flow of re-
pair orders. That helps reduce shop in-
efficiency saving everybody time and
money.
lAKEIT t=R<* A
SMART OPBW'OR:'

BEARCAT.2IQXL
SCAN
$209.
, .
Bnn g home all the real excne-
ment of scanning , and save '
ae arcat 160 features a $rT'IOOt h
kcyl eS&keybOard fOf' all contro ls
,ncluding vol ume and 5/Jue1ch Has

Automatic l ockout and Sea rch
Andmuchmore Benrcarrs number
one In scanruno
it
,THELOWESTPRICED.
-=r-.

Look what you get with the
Bearcat 210X L. Exciting, new
spaceage styli ng. No-cryst al,
pushbutton tuning New, 18 chan-
nel, 6-bandcoverageof over 6000
frequencies And features like 2
scan speeds , Automatic Squelch,
Search, andLockout. Direct Chan-
nel Acce ss, Selective Scan Delay.
And much more. There's never
been a Scanner like the Bearcat
210XL.
AMERICA'S
BESTSBUNG
SCAHill
JUSTGOT
EVEN BETTER.
Add$6.00 per scanner for U.P.S. ground
s liippir:'l g inthe continenta l U.S.or $12.00
for U.P.S. airshipping. Send your cashier's
. check or money order to our address
obelow or orde r by phone if you have a
S:2 Visa or Maste r Charge card. Order today!
z
o

Q&ELECTRONICS
854 Phoenix 0 Box 1002 0 AnnArbor, Mlchigan48 106 U.S.A.
a: csuTOLL FREE (110O) 521-<1414 oroutolde U.S.A.(313) N4-4444
88 CIRCLE 49 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
Radio-Electronics, 200 Park Avenue South, N.Y., N.Y. 10003
To run your own clae eilied ad, pUIon. word on .ach 01the IIn.e below end e.nd Ihlalorm along with your check
lor $1.65 p.r word (minimum 15 worda) to:

TELEVISION alignment -in minutes-while ob-

serving revolutionary pattern on screen. Check
AF, IF, video, Instant lyl So simple and Inexpen-
sive it's incredible. Complete plans- $6.00. Free
det ail s. EZ-LIGN. Box 2702A, Clearwater, FL
33517
Burdex Security Co. Box 82802RE Lincoln, He. 68501
Burglar Fire Pro.ec.ion
.. .speclilists In CCTV
Ind computer monitors!
Video monitors color BIW TVClmerls,
kits, psrts pllns Vdeo-to-RF moduillorl
FreeClta og. PIIone or wrllll. (402) 98l-31l1
.ILliHlE 1Ir00dwlY Dlkotll City, HE. 68131
1
",Protect Your Life, Home, Business, Auto, etc.
Our cat alog shows how. Install your own
" alarmsystemsanddevices and save SSSS . We
offer FREEwrite-in engineering service.
' FREE CATALOG
CLASSIFIED COMMERCIAL RATE (for firms or individuals off ering commerc ial products or ser-
Vices). $1.65 per word prepaid (no charge for zip code) . .. MINIMUM 15 WORDS. 5% discount
for 6 issues, 10% for 12 issues within one year, if pr epaid .
NON-COMMERCIAL RATE (for individuals who want to buy or sell a personal item) $1.00 per word
prepaid . . . no min imum.
ONLY FIRST WORD AND NAME set in bold caps. Additional bold face (not availabl e as all caps) at
10 per word. All cop y subject to publisher 's approval. ADVERTISEMENTS USING P.O. BOX
ADDRESS WILL NOT BE ACCEPTED UNTIL ADVERTISER SUPPLIES PUBLISHER WITH PER
MANENT ADDRESS AND PHONE NUMBER. Copy to be in our hands on the 26th of the third month
preceding the date of the issue (i.e., August issue closes May 26). When normal Closing date falls on
Saturday, Sunday, or a holiday, issue closes on preceding work ing day.
2716 EPAOM $1 1 programmer, hardware soft-
ware plans . Send $9. CARTIER, 6844 Nashville
Aoad, Lanham, MD 20801
FREE catalog IC's semis, parts. CORONET
ELECTRONICS, 649A Notre Dame W., Montreal,
Que, Canada H3C 1H8 US inquiries
UNUSUAL electrical, electronic testers. Analog,
digital and Indicators. Hobbyist, professional.
Free cat alog. BLUFFTON PRODUCTS, INC., 115
Poplar Aoad, Bluffton, OH 458 17
CABLE TV descramblers and converters, micro-
wave antennas and downconverters. Plans and
parts. Build or buy. For information send $2.00 C
& 0 COMPANY, PO BOX 21, Jenison, MI 49428
PROJECTION TV.. .. Convert your TV to pro-
ject 7 foot pict ure. Aesults equal to $2,500 pro-
ject or. Total cost less t han $20.00. Plans & lens
$16.00. Illustrated Informat ion free. MACRO-
COMGG Washington Crossing, PA 18977
PRINTED circu it boards from sketch or artwork.
Kit projects. Free details. DANOCINTHS INC.,
Box 261, Westl and, MI 48185
KILL obnoxious loud TV commercials automati -
cally. Complete plans , $5.00. BRIDGES, 1248 N.
Denver , Tulsa, OK 74106
WIZ-KIT dealerships available. Fast selling si-
rens , blinkys, etc . Working display boards avail-
able. WIZARD ELECTRONICS, 24 East Cent ral,
Toledo, OH 43608
SUBSCRIPTION T. V.
KIT. $ 39.00
INCLUDES ALL PARTS, MANUAL
AND ETCHED PC BOARD.
JOE P. O. BOX 61
CUMBERLAND, R.I. 02864
MICROCOMPUTER servi ce. Maint enance and
repa ir for all microcomputers and peripherals.
Fast. Aeasonable. PRAIRIE MICRO CLINIC, Box
325 , Her ington, KS 67449 (913) 258-2 179
PLANS & KITS
CRYSTAL radio buil ders . . . $1.00 brings you
t wo set s plan s, det ails, price li st. BOB RYAN, P.O.
BOX 3039, Dept . A., Anaheim, CA 92803
SAVE 90%. Build your own mi nicomputer. Free
detail s. DIGATEK, 2723 W. Butl er Dr., Suite E,
Phoeni x, AZ 85021
ROBOTIC catalog-motors, gears, hardware,
electronics, $3.00; newsletter, $8.00 per year;
12V robot motor with gear $9.50, 2 lor $17.00.
MOUDY ELECTRONICS, R.D. 2, Box 427, Holli-
daysburg, PA 16648
DECODER ki t , TV UHF channels. Sine wave
encoder system. Model 7 + 11, complete kit
$139.00, plus shipping. Also parts , etc. Cat alog
$1.00. SIMPLE SIMON ELECTRONIC KITS,
11850 S. Hawthorne Blvd ., Hawthorne, CA
90250. Tel. (213) 675-2335
CATALOG of elect roni c designs. Accessories
for CB, ham radio, stereo and PA systems, tele-
phone, and more. Cat alog sent free upon re-
quest. PETER-SCHMITT ENTERPRISES, Dept :
AE, POB 0707 1, Milwaukee, WI 53207
5 4
Special Category: $10
3 2
(PLEASE PRINT EACH WORD SEPARATELY, IN BLOCK LETTERS.)
1
ORDER FORM
PLEASE INDICATE in which category of classified advertising you wish your ad to
appear. For special headings, there is a surcharge of $10.
) Plans/Kits () Business Opportunities () For Sale
) Education/Instruction () Wanted ()
PLANS: Subscription t elevision decoder,
$10.00. Negative ion generator, $3.00. Tel e-
phone memory dialer, $3.00. Detailed instruc-
tions, circuit board patterns included. Kits
available. COLLINS ELECTRONICS, Box 6424,
San Bernardino, CA 92412
SUBSCRIPTION tel evi sion education manual!
Two scrambling/decoding methods, t heor y,
circuits. Decoder dealers li sted. $14.95. Kits
available. Satisfaction guaranteed. ABEX, P.O.
Box 26601-R, San Francisco, CA 94126
PAY-TV top of set sinewave and pulse decod-
ers. Plan 5.00. DECODERCO, Box 8930, War-
wic k, AI 02888
6
11
16
7
12
17
8
13
18
9
14
19
10
15
20
DECODE Morse and ATTY si gnal s off the ai r with
new Morse- a- Word or RTTY reade r. Morse key-
board also available. Kits or fact ory wir ed. Send
fo r details. MICROCRAFT, Box 513A, Thiensville,
WI 53092 (414) 24 1-8144.
PCB as low as 15 sq-in. Free drilling. INTERNA-
TIONAL ENTERPRISE, 6452 Hazel Circl e, Simi
Valley, CA 93065
21
26
22
27
23
28
24
29
25
30
.
PLEASE INCLUDE FOR OUR FILES YOUR PERMANENT ADDRESS AND PHONE NUMBER.
AMPLIFIERS, 35 to 150 watt s AMS; DC amplifier
designs and detailed plans and cir cuit board lay-
outs, for under $200.00. Send $12.50 for com-
pl ete plans and kits costs to AUDIO ENGINEER-
ING COMPANY, P.O. Box 210, Aida, NE 68810
31 32 33 34 35
....
CD
co
....
89
WANTED
IDEAS, inventi ons, new products want ed! Write
for Kit. INVENTION MARKETING, INC.-RE, 701
Smithfi eld, Pitt sburgh, PA 15222
MIRROR in t he lid, spi nning disc, and ot her pre-
1946 tel evision set s wanted. Call coll ect: (203)
521-5280
CRYSTAL
RADIO
Complete
$25.00 ppd.
BOB RYAN
PO Box 3 0 3 9 "
Anaheim, CA
92803
DELTA CAPACITIVE DISCHARGE IGNITIONS.
New, fully assembled, factory guarant eed.
MK10B , $41.50. MK10C, $43.88. Tristar T-500,
$39.00. T-Max $42. 00. PPD domestic, Canada.
SIEVERTS ELECTRONICS, P.O. Box 171, W.
Campt on, NH 03228
TELEPHONE on/off button-press to turn off
bell -caller hears ring, you hear silence. Inti mate
moments, naps etc . Shuts off one phone. All nor-
mal phones. Instructions. Sati sfaction or money
back. Send $5.95. THE ARMCHAIR EMPORIUM
LId. 825 Surr ey Ln. Dept RE1, Algonqu in, IL
60102
SAVE up to 50% on name brand test equipment.
Free cata log and pric e list . SALEN ELECTRON-
ICS, Box 82-F, Skokie, IL 60077 .
MICROWAVE TV antenna. MDS designed yagi.
18 dB gain $39.95. Details, plans and tech. dat a
for same $3.00. BETA DESIGN GROUP, POB
164, Airway Heights, WA 99001
SURPLUS catalog 8,000 it ems: elect ronics, ste-
reos, speakers, al arms , tools, games, sol ar auto-
home, 8 issues $2.00. BNF (R), 119 Foster St. ,
Peabody, MA 01960
EDUCATION & INSTRUCTION
ELECTRONICS books from world publi shers.
Lowest prices, ask catalog. BUSINESS PROMO-
TION, Lajpatrai Market, Delhi, India
UNIVERSITY degr ees by mail! Bachelor s, Mas-
ters, PhD's . . . Free revealing det ails. COUN-
SELING, Box 317-RE 1, Tustin, CA 92680
ASSURE career advancement opportunit y
through new DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY train ing
program. Write INNOVATIVE HOME STUDY, Box
1046 R, Indi an Rocks Beach, FL 33535
FOR SALE
ELIMINATE FADING from your SW, CB, or AM
RECEIVER. New method. Any make or model. No
dr op- out of weak signals, no jolti ng volume
surges. Compl ete plans, $5.00. INTERTECH, Box
25568R, Cleveland, OH 44125
SCANNER/monitor accessories-kits and facto-
ry assembled. Free catalog. CAPRI ELECTRON-
ICS, Route 1R, Canon, GA 30520
RECEIVE SUBSCRIPTION OR CABLE TV on the
2000 MHz to 2500 MHz frequency, wit h our fully
guaranteed, complete, det ailed MDS antenna
plans. Send $9.95 t o DYNACOMP ELECTRON-
ICS, Dept. GF-2, P.O. Box 4181, Scottsdale, AZ
85258
SCRAMBLED televis ion , encoding/decoding.
New Publication . Theory/circuits. $9.95. WORK-
SHOP, Box 393 REG, Bethpag e, NY 11714
GOVERNMENT surplus receivers, t ransmitt ers,
snoo perscopes, parts, fantast ic 72 page catalog
25. MESHNA, Nahant, Mass. 01908
CABLE TV converter s $39.95. Incredible 96-page
catalog free. ETCO, Box 762, Plattsburgh, NY
12901
MICROWAVE yagi antenn a for MDS comp lete
with hardware, type N connector $49.95. SIGNAL
ELECTRONICS, 4027 18th Avenue, Broo klyn, NY
11218
LASER handbook with burning, cutt ing, Ruby
Reds, Co's, complete plans, books, and parts.
Send $4.00 to FAMCO, dept re, box 1902,
Rochester, NH 03867
AUTOSOUNDI Fuzzbusters! Electronic compo-
nents ! Send 30 in stamps for catalog . POWER
ELECTRONIC, 15206 Blackstone, Dalton, IL
60419
RECONDITIONED test equipment . $1.00 for cat -
alog-JAMES WALTER TEST EQUIPMENT,
2697 Nickel, San Pablo, CA 94806
CHEMICALS, apparatus, projec t books, wi de se-
lect ion. Catalog $1.00 send to: PIONEER LId.
Ind, 14a Hughey St. , Nashua, NH 03060
SATELLITE TV-the most comp lete single re-
port -For novices or pros $7. SCOTT PALMER,
9062 Andromeda Drive, Burke, VA 22015
TELEPHONE bugged? Uncle list ening? Don't be
Watergated! Latest countermeasures $1.00. NE-
GEYE ENGINEERING, Pennsboro, WV 26415
"THE Intelligence Library" technical secrets.
Books on Electronic Surveillance, Lock-Pick-
ing , Demolitions, Covert Sciences, etc. One dol -
lar. (refundable): MENTOR PUBLICATIONS,
Dept. Z, 135-53 Northern Boulvard, Flushing, NY
11354
RESISTORS 'f. W, 'j,W 5% carbon films 3 ea. No
minimums. 1% metal films . Send for details . Bulk
pricing availabl e. JR INDUSTRIES, 5834-C Swan-
creek, Toledo, OH 43614
TEST equipment lowest pri ces B&K Leader, Hit a-
chi, Viz, Beckman, OK Tool , Blonder Tongue,
RCA parts transistors others, write call collect L.I.
Electronics, 981 Sunris e Highway, Bayshore, NY
11706. 516-666-7360
PRINTED circuit board-doubl e sided epoxy, ap-
proximately 2.5 sq.ft ., min. size 6" x12", $5.00
plus $2.00 postage and handling ; send cert ified
cheque or money order: CYCLOPS ELECTRON
ICS LTD. , P.O. Box 4089, Vancouver, B.C. Cana-
da V6B-3.Z6
GRAPHIC EQUALIZER
TWELVE bands/c hannel $100.00 ki t sti ll avail-
able; see May 1978 R/E cover story or writ e:
SYMMETRIC SOUND SYSTEMS, 912 Knobcone
PL, Dept. R, Lovel and, CO 80537
BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES
MECHANICALLY incli ned indi viduals desiring
ownership of Small Electronics Manufacturing
Business-withou t investment. Write: BUSINESS-
ES, 92-R, Brighton 11th, Brook lyn, NY 11235
NEW tax loopholes discovered. Everyone eligible.
Free sampl e newsletter. Writ e: ULC, Box 179-CU,
Clarkston, GA 30021
PROJECTION TV . .. Make $200.00+ per eve-
ning assembling projectors . . . Easy . .. Re-
sults equal to $2, 500 projectors .. . Your tot al
cost less than $15,00 Plans, lens & dealer ' s
informat ion $14.00 Illustrated information
free . . . MACROCOMGGX, Washington Cross-
ing, PA 18977
ROBOTS
UNICORN-1 Robot parts. Also robo t kits, plans,
books, hard to find gears, motors, met al stock,
plastics. Everyth ing you need for hobby robotics.
Send $3.00 for year' s SUbscri ption to catalog and
Hobby Robotics Newslett er. ROBOT MART, 19
West 34 St., New York; NY 10001
CB RADIO
GET more CB channels and range! Frequency
expanders, boosters, speech processors, inter -
ference fil ters, VOX, how-to books , plans. Cata-
log $1. CB CITY, Box 31500RE2, Phoenix, AZ
85046
COMPUTER PARTS
I.C.'S: 2114L-2's, $3.75; 4116-2's, $4.00: 2708' s,
$6.50; 27 16's, $10 .00 ; 74LS240's, $1.50;
74LS374's, $1.50; CCS 16K/5MHz RAM board,
A&T, $250.00; TGE Box 64068, Va Beach, VA
23464

COMPUTER MARKET CENTER ADVERTISING RATES 1" by 1 column (1 5/8") $55.00. 1 1/2" by 1 column
(1 5/8") $82.50. 2" by 1 column (1 5/8") $110.00. All ads must be prepaid . Send order and remittancesto Com-
puter Market Center, Radio-Electronics Magazine, 200 Park Avenue South, New York, New York, 10003.
Address t e l ep ho ne i nq u i ri es to 212-777-6400. Frequency rates are available.
MARKET CENTER

CIJ
o
z
o
a:
I-
o
W
...J
W
,
o
s
<l:
a:
90
TEXAS
PDP 8 Option Modules
M847 $482
M869 $500
M930-D $61
M935 $49
M18-E $482
MM8-AA $995
MM8-AB $1,625
MM8-E $285
MM8-EJ $1,170
Mod-1 $800
MOV-8 $800
MR8-AA $420
MS8-AA $412
PDP8-A 400 BP $2,380
PDP8A 400 BP $3,200
Federated Consultants
214-428-53 00
1218 S. Ervay
DALLAS. TX 75215
CALIFORNIA
FREE! INFO-PAK for small
com pute r users mailed twi ce a
year. We sell and broker all
ki nds of SMALL COMPUTER
SOFTWARE from S-1OO to
TRS-80 . SOFTWARE REVIEW,
704 Solano Ave., Albany, CA
94706 (415) 527-7730 .
BUY THIS SPACE
$55.00 puts you r ad in t hi s
space in f ront of 197,223 act ive
Radio-Electroni cs readers. To
place your ad write Computer
Market Center, Radio-Elec-
t ronics, 200 Park Avenue
South, New York, New York
10003 or call 212-777-6400.
CANADA
DYNAMIC INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGIES LTO.
P.O. BOX 6553 STN.A.
SAINT JOHN , N.B., CANADA
E2L 4R9 (506) 642-4260
TERMINALS, PRINTERS,
MICROCOMPUTERS
SOFTWARE.
SUPPORT ""

OF DIMES
RETAILERS
An ad for your c0nw,uter store
in th is space in adio-Elec-
tronics COMPUTER MARKET
CENTER puts you in touch
with our computer audience.
'The y use microcomputer
equi pment for both business
and . hobby interests . For
f urther details call 212-777-
6400.
Take stock in America.
Buy U.S. Savings Bonds.
.


COMPUTER SUPPORT CENTER
OT TO COMPARE?
TIL
STANDARD, SCHOTTKY & LOW POWER SCHOTTKY
CIRCLE 32 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
.....
CD
DO
.....
91

NEW LOW PRICES
MICROPROCESSOR EPROM'S
7400N .22 74221N .68 74lS51N .22
74QtN .22 74246N 1.36 74LS54N .21
ZaOSIOIO 25 MHzll .45
CHIP SETS

7402N .27 14247N 1.24 74LS55N .24
ZaOASIOIO 40 MHZla.56 Part Ho.
P".. Part No. Price 7403N .27 74251N .76 74LS73N .32
zaocpu 25 MHz 8.45 zaOSIO/l 25 MHzll.45 808CA CPU 4.9 5 6800 CPU 5.45 7404 N .27 74259 N 2.25 74LS74N .49
ZaOA-Cpu 4.0 MHz 9.45 zaOASIO/l 40 MHz za.56 8085 CPU 8.98 6802 CPU 10.95 7405N .27 74273N 2.25 74LS75N .36
lIOPIO 25 MHz 5.9a ZaOSIOI2 2 5 MHzll.45 8212 2.25 6810 2.119 C2708 7406N .37 74276N 1.29 74LS76N .54
ZaOAP10 40 MHz 7.65 18OASIOll 40 MHz za.56 8214 3.65 682 1 2.99 t K x8 450ns
74Q7N .37 14278N 2.3a 74lS78N .29
Zall-CTC 25 MHz 5.9a ZaOS1019 25 MHzl a.a5 8216 1.98 6850 2.99
TMS2532 (T.I PIn Out) $21.00
7408N .27 74279N .65 74LS83N .n
ZaOACTC 40 MHz 7.65 ZaOASI0/9 4.0 MHzl l .54 8224 3.45 6852 2.119 74Q9N .27 74283N 1.19 74LS85N .98
ZaOOMA 2.5 MHz l U 5 zaODART 25 MH2 1U 5 8226 2.25
32K 14Q96 x 8) 450 ns 74 1QN .27 74293N .72 74LS86N .44
ZaOAOMA 4 0 MHz za.ss ZaOA OART 4.0 MHz 17.aO 8228 4. 98 6502 CPU 7.85 C2732 (Intel version) 7412N .38 74298N .84 74LS90N .39
8251 5.95 6504 CPU 8.45 32K (4096 x 8) 450 ns
7413N .45 74351N 2.25 74LS91N .a9
MOS MEMORIES
8253 9.65 8505 CPU 8.4 5 C27t 6/TMS 2516 (Intel version)
7414N .45 74365AN .69 74LS92N .49
8255 5.65 6520 s.ra
7416N .37 74366N ' .69
74LS93N .42
MOS Static RAM' s
8257 10.95 6522 9.45
16K 4S0NS Single 5V Suppl y
7417N .37 74367AN .69 74LS95N .4a
Part No. Price
8259 10.95 6532 12.56
TMS2564 7420N .32 74368AN .69 74LS96N .59
210135 IK 1256 x 4) 350NS 22 PI N 3.95 6551 12.40 64K 18K x 8) 4SOns 7422N .37 74390N .99
74LSt07N .38
210225 IK 11 K x 1) 250NS 16 PIN 1.09
18K MOS DYNAMIC RAM' S (16 PIN)
7423N .37 1.38
74LS109N .38
P2111451K (255 x 414SONS 18 PIN 3.45
411620 1200NS) $3.65
7425N .32
74LS112N .38
P2112351K 1256 x 4) 350NS 18 PIN 2.SO 7426N .44
74S00N .44 74LSt 22N .4a
2114L Low Power 4K (1024 x 4) 300NS 2.98
411630 1300NSI 2.95 I 7427N .32
74S02N .4S 74LS123N .69
2147 ' 4K 14K x I l55NS U5
PROM'S
4K MOS DYNA MIC RAM ' S 7428N .42
74S03N .48 74LS125N .98
2147 4K 14K x 1 70NS 8.95
745288 3.45 256 bi t. 16 PIN
TMS4Q6030 Specl.' 2.50 7430N .22
74S04N .79 704 LS126N .54
UART' s 745188 3.45 256 bit , 16 PIN 4K 14K x l) 300NS 22 PIN
7432N .78
74S05N .79 74LSI32N .52
93427/M B7052 3.85 lK, 16 PIN TMS406Q 20
7433N .44
74S08N .4a 74LS133N 2.85 AY5-1013A Spec'.' 3.95
7437N .37
4QKhz Single 5V Supply
93417 /M B7057 3.65 l K. 16 PIN
4K (4K x t ) 200NS 22 PIN
7438N .37
74S09 N .98 74LS136N .44
934461MB7053 4.95 2K, 16 PIN 74S10N .89 74LSI38N .59
IK CMOS RAM
93436 /MB7058 4.95 2K, 16 PIN
18K CMOS STATIC RAM 744QN .22
74S11N .88 74LS139N .59
5101 , 1K (256 x 4) 4SONS 22 PIN Low Power 3.95 93453 /MB7122 8.85 4K. 18 PIN
6116 18K 12K x 8) 1SONS 16 PI N $52.00 I 7442 N .44
74S20 N .88 74LS145N 1.19
825185 /7128 27.95 8K.18 PIN 64K MOS DYNAMIC RAM
7445N .89
74S30N .48 74LS147 N 2.49 4K CMOS RAM
74$478 /7132 19.84 8K. 24 PIN 4164 64K I64K x 1) 200NS 16 PIN. $69.95
74_ .84
74S32N .98 74LS148N 1.39
P8504

7.95
825191 /7138 78.00 16K. 24 PIN
7447AN .69
74S37N 1.87 74LS151N .44
P6514 6.95 7450N .22
74S38N 1.88 74LS153N .36
SHIFT REGISTERS 7451N .32
74S4ON .44 74LS155N .74
3341APC FIFO 1 MHz
7453N .32
74S51N .78 74LSI 56N 1.45
7454 N .32
3347PC 80 bit
7472N .36
74S74N .69 74LS157N .58
74S85N 2.39 74LS158N .52
7473N .38
74S86N 1.44 74LSl6CN .72
7474N .38
74S112N 1.59 74LS161N .n
LINEAR I.C.'s
CMOS
7475N .42
74S114N 1.50 74LS162N 1.65
l M301AN8 .34 l M32.(N .52 LM741CN-8 .32
7476N .38
74S124N 2.n 74LSI63N .n
.80 L"'-'39N .52 LM747CN H .59 CD4001BE .19 CD4026BE 1.69 CD4068BE .24 CD4516BE .89
7483AN .52
74S132N 1.24 74LSI 64N .59
l M3Q7N8 .29 l MJ.48N-' 4 .99 LMl -48CN8 .39
CD4002 BE .19 CD4Q27BE .44 CD4Q69BE .19 CD4519BE .54
7484AN 1.36
74S133N .98 74LS165N 1.09
l M308N8 .0' LM358N8 .79 lM1 458N8 ,4l
CD4006BE .75 CD4Q28BE .56 CD4Q70BE ' .24 CD4520BE .69
7465N ,86
74S134N .69 74LSl66N 2.15
l M308CH .95 LM555N8 .29 LMl488N'4 .89
CD400 7BE .32 CD4Q29BE .75 CD4Q71BE .24 CD4522 BE .84
7486 N .44
74S' 35N 1.48 74LS170N 1.95 LM309K 1.58 LM556N ' . .49 l Ml489N ' 4 .09
CD4008BE .69 CD4Q30BE .44 CD4Q72BE .24 CD4526BE 1.25
7400A N .35
74S138 N 1.15 74LSl73N .84 l M310HC 1.41 LM723CH .8' l M3046N ' 4 .99
CD4009BE .45 CD4Q33BE 1.75 CD4073BE .29 CD4527BE 1.59
749 1AN .42
74S139N 1.25 74LS174N .39 l M311N-8 .50 LM723CN,4 .40 LM3302N 14 .55
7492AN .38
LM317T 1.'11 LM725CN-8 1.75 LM3403N-14 .89
CD4010BE .45 CD4Q34BE 2.56 CD4Q75BE .2' CD45 28BE .84
7493AN .38
74S14QN 1.45 74LS17 5N .44
(TO."",
LM733CN' 4 1.51 LM3900N .40 CD4011 BE .19 CD4035BE .84 CD4Q768E .87 CD4531BE .84
7494AN .68
74S151N 1.19 74LS181N 2.19
l M318 N8 1.45 LM739CN-14 1.29 LM4136N,<4 .99 CD4Q12BE .19 CD4040BE .78 CD4078BE .29 CD4532BE 1.12
7495AN .54
74S153N 1.19 74LS1OON .a9
l M318CH 1.75 LM741CH .85 ULN2OQ3AN .80 CD4Q13BE .34 CD404 1BE 1.56 CD4Q81BE .19 CD4539 BE .84
7496N .54
74S157N 1.19 74LS191N .89
CD4Q14BE .59 CD4042BE .84 CD4082BE .24 CD4 543BE 1.98
7497N 2.36
74S158N 1.45 74LS195N .54
CD4Q15BE .59 CD4Q43BE .96 CD4085BE .48 CD4553 BE 2.89
74100N 1.38
74S16 1N 2.85 74LS192N .68
DUAL-IN-L1NE-LDWPROFILE-I.C, SOCKETS
CD40 16BE .34 CD4044 BE .69 CD4Q86BE .48 CD4555BE .58
74104N .84
74S162N 3.70 74LS193N 1.24
CD4017BE .85 CD4Q46BE .78 CD4Q93BE .87 CD4556BE .58
74107 AN .42
74S163N 3.75 74LS194N 2.40
CONTACTS PRICE CONTACTS PRICE
CD4018BE .54 CD4Q47BE .78 CD4Q99BE 1.98 CD4581 BE 1.119
74109N .42
74S168N 4.65 74LSI96N .sa
CD4019BE .59 CD4049BE .42 CD4104BE 1.119 CD4582BE .96
14110N .45
74S169N 5.44 74LS197N .89
8 PIN .07 22 PIN .21
CD4Q20BE .79 CD40SOBE .42 CD4S08BE 1.69 CD4584BE .44
74111N .58
74S174N 1.09 74LS22 1N .85
14 PIN .11 24 PIN .23 CD4021 BE .59 CD405 1BE .79 CD4510BE .74 CD4585BE .84
74116N 1.38
74S175N 1.09 74LS24QN .99
16 PIN .13 28 PIN .27 CD4Q22BE .98 C04052BE .79 CD4511BE .84 CD4702BE 8.45
74120N 1.25
74S181N 4,47
74LS24 1N .99
18 PIN .17 40 PIN .39 CD4023BE .24 CD4Q53BE .79 CD4512BE .84 4009 7PC .99
74121N .54 74S' 82N 2.95 74LS242N .99
20 PI N .19 CD40 24BE .48 CD4060BE 1.56 CD4514 BE 1.68 40098PC .99
74122N .52
74S189N 14.05 74LS243N 1.09
CD4Q25BE .29 CD4066BE .48 CD4515B E 1.68 40161PC 1.25
74123N .54
74S194N 2.95 74LS244N 3.05
LOWEST PRI CES ANYWHERE FOR THE HIGHEST OUALITY.
4Q174PC 1.25
74125N .52 74S195N 1.69 74LS245N 1.95
AN UNBEATABLE COMBINATI ON. 40175PC .99
74126AN .52 74S201N 14.95 74LS247N .78
74128N .69 74S22 5N 8.95 74LS248N 1.25
-ANNOUNCING --
74132N .45 74S24QN 3.98 74LS249N .99
OPTOELECTRONICS
,
PLASTIC POWER TRANSISTORS 74136N .52 745241 N 3.75 74LS251N 1.45
1981
TIP29A .37 TIP41B .57 TIP1 22 .72
74141N .85 74525 1N 1.90 74LS253N .5'
L,E,D. LAMPS
I TIP29B .38 TIP41C .59 TI P125 .n
74142N 2.98 745253 N 7.45 74LS257N .75
Ie
r
TIP29G .39 TIP42A .57 TIPl26 .n
74143N 3.44 74S2 57N 1.39 74LS258N .59
LED209 T ' 2 mm Red .09
MASTER
TIP30A .39 TIP42B .59 TI P127 .84
74144N 3.44 745258 N 1.49 74L52 59N 2.95
LE0211 T' 3 mmGreen .19
I
TIP30 B .42 TI P42C .84 TIPI 4Q 1.44
74145N .87 745260N 1.83 74LS260 N .99
LED212 T ' 3 mm Yellow .14
NOW, TWO
TI P30C .42 T1Pl l 0 .54 TIP141 1.84
74147N 1.24
745274N 19.95 74LS266 N .44
LED220 5 mm Red .11
I FULL
TI P31 A .38 TIP1 11 .57 TIP142 1.96
74148N .92 7452 75N 19.95
74LS273N 1.19
LED22 2 5 mmGreen .24
VOLUMES
TIP31B .42 TIP112 .84 TIP1 45 1.84
7415CN 1.44 74S280N 2.90 74LS275N 4.95
LED224 T-1-Y4 5 mm Yellow .18
OF
TIP31C .45 TI P115 .55 TIP146 1.98
74151N .42 745283N 3.89
74LS279N .58
DISPLAYS
PRODUCT
TIP32A .42 TIP116 .59 TIP147 2.25
74153N .38 74S299N 6.98
74LS280N 1.98
DATA
TIP32 B .45 TI P117 .64 TIP2955 .83
74154N 1.68 74S3 73N 3.45
74LS283N .89
FND357 .375" CommonCathode .99
The one and only complete I TIP32C .48 TIP120 .84 T1P3055 .70
74155N .54 74S374N 3.45 74LS290N .78
FND500 .500 " Common Cathode .1l9
integrated ci rcuit data selector .
TIP41A .55 TIP121 .88 FT3055 .59
74157N .54 74S381 N 7.05
74LS293N .38
FND507 .500 " Common Anode .99
3200 pages of technical in- 74159 N 1.86 74S4 12N 2.98
74LS298 N .99
DU416 25.00
tormation. 7416CN .85 74S4 71N ' .95 74LS299N 2.85
4 digi t. 16 segme nt alpha numeric display 16- ht.
Eight master selecton 7416 1AN .72 74S4nN 18.85
74LS32ON 2.95
ISOLATORS
I 50,000 r. c. devices li st ed
SUPER SPECIAL
74162 N .65 74S47 4N 17.S5
74LS321N 3.95
(15,000 changes from t he 74163 AN .85 74S476N 8.95
74L$322N 4.05
ILD74 Dual Isolator 1500 V 1.29
1980 edition . VOLTAGE REGULATORS 74164N .89 74S478 N 16.95
74LS32 3N 4.05
IL074 Quad 0 Isolator 1500V 3.95
I
7800UC .44 I AMP POSITIVE
74165N .83
74LS324N 2.50
ILCTY Dual Opto Isolator 1500 V 1.29
74166N .n 74LSOON .17
74LS348 N 2.95
TIUl l ' Opto Coupler 1500V .54
Four free qua rterty updates.
5, 6,12,15,1 8. AND 24 VOLTS
74170N 2.18 74LSOIN .17
74LS352N 1.35
4N26 Opto Isolator 2500 V .54 .39 1/ 2 AMP POSITIVE
74172N 8.45 74LS02N .24
74LS353 N 1.95 REGU LAR PRI CE: $82.50
SERI ES (TO-220) 5.6. 12, 15, 18, AND 24VOLTS 4N33 Opto Isol ator 1500V .65
SPECIAL PRI CE: $75.00 74173N .85 74LS03N .24
74LS382N 11.95
-----
74174N .87 74LS04N .24 74LS365N .84
74175N .83 74LS05N .24 74LS366 N .84
SCR's and TRIAC's TRANSISTORS
74176N .79 74LS08 N .19 74LS'167N .98
METAL CAN
74177N .79 74LS09N .24 74LS368N .98
Cl06D .34 SCR 5 amp 4QOVTO-220
SMALL SIGNAL POWER TO-92 SMALL SIGNAL
74178N 1.15 74LSI ON .19 74LS37 3N 1.3'
TIC116B .97 SCR 8 amp 200V TO 220 74179N 1.15 74LSllN .24 74LS37 4N 1.39
TICI 26B 1.09 SCR 12 amp 200V TO220 2N404A 1.20 2N3055 .56 2N3702 .09' 2N4403 .079 741BON .75 74LSI2N .24 74LS375N US
T1C216B .99 Triac 6 amp 200V TO-220 2N697 .29 2N344Q .58 2N3704 .099 2N5401 .15 74182N .52 74LS13N .25 74LS377N 1.44
TIC226D .95 Tri ac 8 amp 400V TO- 22O 2N706 .24 2N3771 1.29 2N3706 .099 2N5550 .11 74184N 2.95 74LS14N .42 74LS378N 1.1'
TIC236D 1.45 Tri ac 12 amp 400V TO220
2N1613 .29 2N3772 1.29 2N37 10 .099 PN2222A .089
74165N 2.95 74LS20N .1' 74LS379N 1.35
TIC246D 1.45 Triac 16 amp 400V rO-220
2N1711 .29 2N3773 1.89 2N3OO4 .069 PN2907A .089
74100N .89
74LS21N .1' 74LS390N 1.44
74191N .76 74LS26N .40 74LS393N 1.29
Bi-Fet OP AMPS 2NI893 .29 2N6 133 .56 2N3906 .069 PN5138 .099 74192N .89 74L52 7N .34 74LS395 N , U S
TL064C N 2.75 Quad Ow power
2N2222A .19 2N41 23 .075 MPSA05 .12 74193N .sa
74LS3ON .19 74LS447N .37
TL071CP .59 Lownoise
2N2369A .24 2N41 24 .075 MPSA06 .12
74194N .sa
74LS32N .39 74LS490 N 1.95
TL072CP 1.10 Dual low noise
2N2484 .24 2N4125 .075 MPSA13 .12
74195N '.48
74LS37N .32 74LS630 N 85.00
TL074CN 2.35 Quad low noise
2N2905A .36 2N4 '26 .075 MPSA56 .12
74196N .79
74LS38N .32 74LS831N, 85.00
TL081CP .40 J-FET input
74197N .79
74LS42N .45 74LS669N 1.25
TL082CP .99 Dual J FET input 2N2907A .19 2N4401 .079 MPSA42 ,14 74l98N 1.58
74LS4 7N .89 74LS670N 2.sa
TL084CN 1.85 Quad JFET input
2N3053 .29 2N44Q2 .07' MPSA92 .14 74199N 1.58
74LS48N .99
RETAILSTORESOPEN MDN SAT P.O. Box 17329 Irvine, Calif. 92713 FOR INTERNATIONAL ORDERS:
ST'?l
RE
ST'?2
RE
Oireet Order Lines: (714) 5588813 1310 E. Edinger (714) 953-<>604
Showrooms. Retail . Warehou se SpeCIali Zing In Syst ems (800) 854-8230 or (800) 854-8241 SantaAna.CA92705
NAKED PC
Z80 CPU (Ithaca) , . . .a.95
808QACPU 349$
8K Stl toeRAMl L09O'1 2.. 95
tfK Slate RAM (211"'J ,. 2Q95
32K Stal oC RAM 1211"').. 29 95
8K Eprom127081 2.95
1702 Eprom BoiIrd 30 OC
210812116 Eprom (Ithaca!. 3495
270812116EpromiWMCI 3000
Re.ll l ,," e Clcx:k . . 3"95
ACPPreto Bd (JMConIl/ 2195
vecrce 8800 Pfoto . 22 20
Vector 8603 11 SlOt MB 29 9'>
/lCP EJc. ter-de' .... lConn 18 95
Vodttolll tttrfacetSSMI . 3195
ParallellnterfKe lSSl,41..31.95
13$101Motl\er Soard iWMCI ..2 95
9SlOtMolher8olrdlWMC) _. 2995
8S1otMotl\erllltPlo!1Oablll. 3495
prcc-r ecn a.re b rds ,. . . . CAl l
. . 34 95
FLOPPY DISK I/O
1771-<)18 & l,4,n.flOPPt 2"'95
uPa312 Nee Floppy 995
1781 0...1Floppy 29 95
1791-<)1 Floppy 3695
uPd765Floppy .995
AID CONVERTERS
6100 8 tlol a.nary . 1350
810 1 10tlot 60rlary 2200
81038 tlot TS
9400 Volt 10Fr.q Con. 1 25
8150 3'1 O.grt BCD 1395
140816 6 tlot 3 95
1.0818 8 M 595
OACQI 0 to A. . 59 $
0AC08 . ..... ... 9 95
OAt 100 . . 15 95
TV CHIPS/SOUND
WAVEFORM GEN
8038 Funcloon Gen . 3 95
MC402.VCO . . 2 95
l M566 VCO ...... " .. ' . . 195
XR2206 Functooll Geller. lor ,. 5 25
6 Ga. mes BIW .95
AY38515 CoIQrCot\>ltt1er 2 95
AY386031 ROIIdrue Ga"" 8 95
AY38606-1 WopeUl Ga. m, 9 so
AV386011 Shooh"'OGal"ry . 8 95
AY38910 Souf'ldGe ller.alor , . 129 5
SJoi 7&417TISoundGenerator 3 95
MI,l 5320121 TVSyroch Gell 995
Ml,l5369 Presca'er 3 95
LM1889 RF Modula1or . 3 95
MM57100 NSCColor TV 695
Ml,l51 104C1ockGe" 3 75
RF Modul ator w/Aud'O 895
M&R Modulator . . 29 95
SOCKET SPECIALS
1.. P,n fW-2l , $ 35
18 P,lI w"""2L 55
20 P,IIw Iw-2L 75
18 P,II 5/ 1 15
22 Pm l/l 15
Call torVOlumept"lCI"'O
COMPUTER SPECIALS
TERMS: Use Ch&dl MIG. VISA.
AAA EX. CB, or COO COD requ,res
25... depo$,t Order, plene
,nelude exporatoOf'l date For. ogn pay
US Fuf'ldl
lWX . MINIMUM $1000 Plene ,n-

2 IDs For sunK" add JOe for iIdd..
l oO<'1al Itc For a... iIOd 70C l or add,
l 00ft al lbS FOREIGN Add 10"l0Shop-
pong.r'ld COO"s$ l
Not ,espor'ls.b6e tor t)'OO5 Som.
So.'O!ect 10 pror w .. . We reo
M """ roght to qua'l t.t.. s. some
.t*""s suoteet to precoovsmetal adOet".
Rela,1 pnc,ng may "'10")' from 1,4j,,1
()-oerW,re-\'fllher'Oll llosub-
st tul emanul. CI....er
OUt&1S\
O,SC UST SAU
Appie il Pluswl1 6K 1195. 990
PET200 1-16N 995 895
EXldySorcerer .... / 16K 1099
Cromemco Sys III 6290
Horu on I w132K CAll
Pn u l Mc oong,lIe 1995.1595
1P$11620 Orabio RO 329 5 1595
Anad.x OP 8000 995 875.
CentronlCs M.cr05--1 59S 525
Soroc 10 120 995 79S
Te!et)"peMooet 43 1349 1150
HIPlQtPlotter 1085 899
HIPIot Dog.t 'zer 795 735
Illt erl ube It 895 78..
AlaJ'l800 999 150
Alan<l(X) 549 44,P
TJ99/" 1150 1025
leeo.x l r Monotor 1.9 139
G.etl tronlCS 737 995 899
Trel\Con'lT'lOO 375 3<19
TrencomT-200 595 525
51n)'O9" MOrlllor 220 169
51n)'O15" Monllor 295 2.9
Mol 22 '-4Hz l,4Ot'ktor 296 219
SHIFT REGISTERS
MM500H Dua. 125 . .. ...... 50
MM5056N 01.111256 .. 295
MM5060N Oval 128 2 95
2510A Oual 100 1 95
28<47Ouad 60 " 95
3341 ocereo . .. . 49 5
3351 "O x9 FIFO 1795
3351 Ouad 80 .. . . . .. 6 95
94031 6. " FIFO 24 95
9408 10 Bot seccerce- 9 95
33.. 7 595
CTS DIPSWITCHES
CTS206 2 11 5 CTS206' 7 1 75
CTS206-.. 1 15 CTS2068 1 95
CTS2065 1 15 CTS206-9 19 5
CTS206-6 175 CTS20610 195
CONNECTORS (OOLDI
OB25P IR$232 ) 3 25
DB255 Female 375
Hood , 1 2S
Set .... /Hood. So1le ,.. $750
22/"4 WNi . SIT. KII.l " 295
"'3/86 WIW. SIT. MOT . . 6 50
501100$-100 Connector 'II1w . 495
50/100 $-100 ConMctor sIt .... . 395
LED REAOOUTS
hrtb PnaI
Ol i'l)l JOOAId CamtCl'llotlf 99
0l 1'O1 3OOR6J Co:mtAnocle 99
f h0351 )Sl A1d ComrtCl'tocxle 99
fh D501 m AId CorlmC1hxltl+1J 99
500 AId Camt Clhxlt 99
Fh0$01l51ot 500 AId CorI'lTIAnoclt 99
Fh0508 500AId Comm. Anoclt I-t l l 99
: :::
FtloeoJ18OOJ 800 FIfd CormtCltwxle 175
Ftloeo1(l 10l 800 'le:;t la
IIPSOSHl40 600 AId N95
ItP5OllH JOO 600 AId Oql RHD 1895
"P50S2 7131 JOO AId CorI'lTI MQdt
nlJO$ - J\ed Amf 5x 7
TIL),)4 270 Ald russ
nL))9 270 AId Humera [),spily us
nuu 210Ald t o!M
1oWrl 2A 320 AId Aira',
IoWrl IOA 210Ald ,'
XAIf3061 JOO AId CormtAncxleP.qltOP 12$
XA"l3062 JOO,*, CommoVoode Lrfl OP lH
XA"'3O&J 125
XAIi3O&I JOOAId Conn. 125
XAH305 1 3OOc;r.., CO"flll\AnadeP.qltOP 199
XA"0052 JOO CifMll Camt oVoodeltft OP 199
XA'OOS3 .lOOCifMll O\oItfbCA. Ltfl OP 199
XAPllO$4 3OOGr..., CO"flll\ C.ltoodt F\o1ll0P lti
XAPI.1081 JOOfelloW ConmNIodt.J:lq'IIOP 210
XANJOS1 XlO Yellow CcmmNIodt.lJ(l DP 210
XAN30!3 3OO YIilowCMrlbwCA. ltfl OP 210
YJJd064 300 Yel\Dw CorI'lTI Cahxlt IlqJt OP 210
STATIC RAMS

2599 HlO
21102 frI,\,.E 130
'" " 21l0225Oni ;"0'1 1 59 155
'"
.89
'65
as
28' '65
2101-1 290 270
'55
(40451 .50
'"
'50
211.. l ....50n (404 5) 550
'"
" .75
404" 250 n, ..e 750 ..0
404445Ons. es es " ,75
EMM. 200A
'"
."
795
EMI,4. 402
", T"
." AMD910401,,1 1095 1025
." AM09130131 1295 \195 1025
1101
'" '" '"
P2125<'93425 (.5 ns ) .95 .35
."
65181K x 1 CMOS
'" '"
7 "
2147lowF'ower4KSI.loC 1995 189 5 16 95
93415 ... . . . . . ........... 995 . 95 . 50
TMS. 0046 .......... 11 95 1095 '050
DYNAMIC RAMS
.1 6o' .. 11616K (16 Plnl . 815
Set o! 6"16's ........... . .. . . . ..... ... .. ..995
" 115 8K( 16 PlIII 6 95
405O ..K x 1 (18 PIn) ........ . , . 95
4060 "' I( ... 1 122Pi'll . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 495
4096 .. K x 1116 P,tlJ. ............ ..... .. .. 395
21004.. K ...tus Pol'll . . . . . .... . . .. . . .. .. .. . 4 15
4021"K...1116 PIli ) .. ................ . . . 495
5261.. \95
64K
1103 ,. ( 95
5262 ...... 1 95 4006L
' 95
5210 , .... . "'95 RAMS 6605 195
;;:'::::;;:;$159.95
SOCKETS
Wi re W,.p 3 level
.. Pin. lo-Pro $old.rt.1
"
.
,: i;

,
sa
"
'0 38
"
te 24
"
64
20 29 ..
"
22 24 79 110
24 38 as "0
28 43 1.10
". as ee
'"
t es
40 60 "0 , ea
ZERO INSERTION FORCE
16 P,n $55 0 2.. PlII $150 4<lP,n $1025
JS TUCKSUUIU DUS llY 5' .
TYPf PIl'Cf 80l10
S1125
515,10 27H
16H:liI ItA l,I ( fOPQlo $ 2115

5. . I.. I . m rUCEMuT. I. ;
Soli S1Ctt<J TRS&Ot' !
511-10
l1:a
41 SII E' UUITY$'.

10_o<r.l BASf \\A.\;GCO NSO
16 i'oOII "1'0 l,I ",,,, ]15 0

FDlJ{lt Sdl S"'QIt[Wl\<l , SJH O
FOIOO31 )2 H.-a S#l9'f 51vl 1J!oO
fOa02-(l, 50:11 00Ibe0t0'lM, H I.;)
'O' !oO .o, 4:11.:1
VOLUME DEALER PRIC ING AVAILABLE
WE ALSO STOCK DYSAN-CALL
IC SPECIAL PURCHASE
LF 13506 JFET Analog Mul h 8 bot 895
ICM 7045 SlopWatCh 2395
ICM7205 CMOSLEOSt()pl/o'.ll(.h!TlI'I'ler 19 95
lCM 1207 OSC.ral of Collt rOfler 7 50
ICM 1208 51>11 1'1 Oeude Counte. 189 5
rCM 7209 Cloc:Jl. GeJ'leratol . 695

1 95
LI,4 1850N Ground Fault IC J!1 00
lM 2900N Quad Amp"! ,er 2/ 100
lM 2917N l"'l'q 10 VOlt 2/199
AY33550"'o dO\l,t OMM 24 95
AV53507 "'OMHz DVM . . ... 99 5
MEI,4"963 Moslet SmOll. e Oet l'Cl or 11 95
27508 32 x 8 Prom 11 M 56001 295
GI 15M6 cl1allll eI Mo,f el . 1"9
UlN 200JA 1 Cnl J'lllel Dr"er 99
2101AL , 19 5
MCM 1"!i05 6. tlol Sl, te Ril m 695
MOe 1003 (. N28JOpte Coupler , 31100
SPX33 Opl o Coupler . 31100
7520115 50 LM 387 125
1"'88/1 489 2(199 LM 3302 3/199
MK50
1
" c.lC 31199 l '-4. 558 31199
74589 3/1 99 RC41 36 2/1 99
LM323K 495 RC .. 131 2/1 99
MC1312 695 C0 '-45021 39 95
M'-45298......, 8 . 2 95 COM 5037 49 95
l M 311 1 25 0'\c1oo 159 5
VERBATIM
DISKETTES
100%CERTIFIED ERRORFREEI
Z80 SUPPORT CHIPS
lBO- PIO 25 1,4Hz . 8 75
l BOAPIO .. 0 MHz. 12 95
Z8O-CTC 25 MHz . . 8 75
Z80ACTC 4 0 MHz. 12 95
Zao- OMA 25 MHz. 29 95
180AOMA . 0 MHz. . 36 95
Z80-SIO/O 2 5 104 Hz . . 35 95
Z80ASIOI'O .0 MHZ 39 40
Zao-SI0I1 2 5 104Hz 3595
Z80ASI0 /1 40 MHz. 394O
180-51012 25 MHz. 35 95
180-51012 jiO 104Hz . 39 40
8080/8085 SUPPORT
8 15518156 VO 2.. 95
8755 I/O wdr'l Eprom 6.95
8202 Dyn R.m ce et ... . .. . 3.. 95
8205f7S 138 Decodof 3 95
82128 b1tlfo 2 75
8214 Pnont y 1111.. 52 5
8216 Bus O1 r 2 75
622.. ClockG en , 2 95
6224 .. 1.MHz/. . 975
6226 Bus Df'lver 3 95
8T26 Bus Dr,ytr 2,95
8228 Sys, Contr ol. , 550
8238 Sys CorII.. 5 50
8251 Prog 110 6 95
8253 lnt T,me< 12,95
6255 Prog 110 . . 6 50
6257 Prog OMA 169 5
8259 Prog 1m 1195
6215 CRT Controller 49 95
8279 Prog Ke)t>ollrd . 1595
tl800 SUPPORT CHIPS
8810126 x8 Rilm . 4 75
6820 PIA. . 595
682 1 PlA 650
6828 PI'lorily lnt , 9 95
683<1 1 512x8 Eprom 1695
6845/ HD46505 CRT ccer ..39 95
88.. 7 Color CRT 995
6850 AtIA. 59 5
6852 Set'11AcUPler , 59 5
8860 Modem 1095
8882 Modulal or , . . .. 11 95
6871>\ 1OMHz esc 25 95
6875 . . .. 6 95
6880 Bus Of'l\'fl( 2 95
MC68" 88 19 95
68041 . . . . 2.95
MICROPROCESSORS
18001 16 bot to 8Mb $18900
1800216bolto&04K 1.900
zao 10.75
180A
F8 (38501 18 95
2650 . 18 95
C01802 . . 1395
8080A
808QA..MHz 1995
SALE 808 5 , .. 95
80081 1" 95
:2901. . . .... 9 90
Ou .. . . . .. . ... 1"' 95
2903 i>l SuperS/oC' . . 29 95
9900JL . .. 995
CPl600 .. .. 3995
6502 . . .
6502A ' 18 95
2995
6800 11 .7 5
MooB 20 19 95
8802P . 1795
8035 19 95
8755 . . . .. .. . .. . . .. "'995
81.. 8 69 95
8809 . 37,95
8086 ... 6995
ADVANCED SUPPORT
AM951\ M th. ProcesSOl'. 17500
9512 M l h Procen or 175 00
9513 Urw T,m,ng , 79 95
AM95 17 OMA Controuer 18 95
AM9519 Un.....rsal l ntet rupl . 18 95
11502SUPPORT CHIPS
6520 PIA 7.50
6522Mull ..... _ 11.95
65002.003.004.005, 2195
8532 . . . . . . . . .. . . .. .. . 19 95
655 1 . . 19 95
PROMS
2708 " 50 J'l S 825
27086650 ns. 750
1702A 95
2732 7 .95
2716-5V .. , 1.. 95
2716 5V. 12V. . 2995
27585V 19 95
52OJAQ 13 95
5204AQ . 1.95
1M 5610 3 90
SALE8223 32 x 8 2.9 5
82S115512 x8 (TS) 16 95
82S123 32 x 8 , 90
82S126256 x'" 90
82S129 256 x.(fSI 90
825130 512 lOCI ,..... 6 50
62523 , 695
825131 1495
825 137. . . . . . . . . . 1.. 95
NOTE: WE PROGRAM PROMS
CHARACTER GEN.
2513<lOl l51/)Upper 9
2513<105l5V\ lower . l 095
2513AOM3l5 V\ l o.oter. l "'9 5
MCM6571 1115
I,4CI,46571A 11.75
MCM657 4 1.50
MCM6515 14 5Q
UARTS/BAUD RATE
TRI602BI5V 12Vl 395
AV51013(5 V 12Vl "' 95
AV510UA/16121 5UVI 695
AV51015A! 18631$Vl
TI,4S 60 l l (5V 12V1
1l,l6.02 7115
1l,l&04OJ 8 115
2J50USRT 995
16718A\lro' 2.95
SALE TI Il1.. 7Za , ,
MCU "' '' 11 95
"'702 ''''95
'0'0' 0 19. , 99...
COM 501(:' . . 16 95
KEYBOARD ENCODERS
AV52376 137 5
AV53600 13 75
9 95
7.C922 99 5
1" C923 9 95
FIRST TO OFFER PRIME PRODUCTS TO THE HOBBYIST AT FAIR PRICES!
1. Proven Quality Factory test ed products only.
2. Guaranteed Satisfaction
3. Over $1,000,000.00 Inventory
1981 CATALOG AVAILABLE SOON.
Send 52 .00 for your copy of the most complete cata log of computer prod ucts .
A mu st for the serious computer user .

,...,
51500
gOO
1(995
21900
13U5
: ,
BASE II PRINTER

e 60 l ll"l4t s Per M,tl ule
e 115123OVN:; . 50
or 60 Hz ::::::=:--:::::
e n.. 80. 96, 120 or _
132Chllrll,ne
Se. Test $wi tch REG $69900
WITH ALL OPTlONS N:; P PRICE $599.00
0pI1Of'l 'M"' Term'lIal Screen BuHer 11920 Char,) ,." $5000
OpllOf'l 5" Hogn $peed Paper Ac:tvarlCe& Grapl'llCS. 50 00
OptlOf'l"T' Tr. cl or Feed 50 00
SALE SYBEX COMPUTER BOOKS. SALE
._
101'0 '0 Pe'\OII,1 & Bu"nen Comp.,. tong \295
From Ch,P' to
Ml(;ropr oc e\ 'IQt TK hrooq...."
P1og' I<f\tTI ,ng the Z8 0 129!l
Pt oo r. ....... ! Nt 1 8000 1295
PToo'a<ntT\'"QtNt 6!'>O2 12 95
6502 A4Jp!oca t oOn\ Boo k 1:295
CPM Ha"'Cl book 1:295
SIEMEN'S FLOPPY ......
Spec,al buy 1l.Ipp!y lnts SIf:ME NS
e 8 Dnyt VI'IlnOouble-Dens.ty 1-429.00
e 90 O. y Warr.llly SHUGART
*CHECK PRICINGI
ACOUSTIC MODEM
"OVATO" CAT' 0-300""" 149 95
103 Ans_ r. OflQIIOI te
'D' CAT MODEll NOW AVAILABLE
199.00
$49.95 TR5-80/APPLE $49.95
MEMORY EXPANSION KITS,
4 116' s, 16K (200/250 ns.)
8 pes for $49.95
w/ instruct ions & jumper s
Call For Volume Pricing
* Special : TRS80 Schemaf ic .. .. . 5 495
* Expansion Interface Sc hematic . . S 4.95
* Expansion Interl ace Connector . 7 95
MONITORS
SMl101r DluOttcN'1
0I0l51 12CX $32500
MoIcItOllo 12".1t(tl 1ltsat.c0\
n Mltz.OEMMadtl
1I'MJQOO-lo40 21'00
_s
loIoOel *1 0l1$ 510El.ll llU5
VISTA V300 PRINTER
r
::1
25 CPS, Full Character
p DaisyWheel, 136 Column
__ Mode l
No. FP1500 $1995.00
"prom ra ser

Model UVs11E $119.95

.. Holds 4 EP.rom's at a time.
Bac ked by 45 years
expenence
Model 5-52T $255.00
r f 55 1 nat Industri al Model
R
450 ns.

5399.00
5629.00 .
IMS STATIC RAM'
250 ns .
$20 9.00
5449.00
5729.00
8K Static
16K Sfati c
32K Static
... ....
,.
V2'OO N 119900
I
V2'OO Ell l!lo4tOO
V2'OOE-JO
'"
)
..ssoc
11800 MICROMODULE
N
PRICE LIST
MODEL NO DESCRIPTION PRICE
9600A Slngle Board MICrocomputer $495 00
9609 Ad... ll nced SIngle Bd Comp (6809) 595 00
9601 16 Slot Mol ner Bo.I rd 17500
9602 Card Cage 7500
960J 8 Slot Motn er Boar d 100 00
9604 Power Supply 27500
960 5 OC Inpul Power Suppl y 325 00
9610 Ut,lotyProto Board 39 00
96 11 Anl h 495 00
96 12 Bvtf er ed Utlht y PrOlOBoa rd 49 00
96 16 32K EPROM/ RAM Modu le 25000

96 22 Ser,al P.rll.llel l!O Modul e 32500
962 7 16K Sl al oeRAM Module 4 70ns 39500
96 29 32K Stal lC RAM 450ns 695 00
9629A 32K SIal ICRAM 200ns 895 00
9630 Card e... l ender 68 00
9640 Mulhple Prog rJlmmabie Tll'Tler 395 00
9650 8 Channel Du plex Senal vOMod 395 00
9655 InteJitgent Tape Con l rOll er 550 00
961 03 32/3 2110 Module 27 500
96 702 Cont acl Closure Modu le 00
UNPOPULATED BOARDS IAI.so
The VISTA V-SO
Disk Drive System

TlS-"
110&1 "'011""", ,

ATTENTION VIDEO HOBBYISTS!!!
* BOX BUILDERS
* USE AS REMOTE TUNER/TI MER
* FULL SCHEMATICS AVAILABLE
* FOR ON LY $5.9O! - FREE W/PURCHASE
ARK ,n t Speoclli l Purch.u e A11oW$ U, To PreHtlt The FoHow,ng
NEW, UNUSED COMPONENTS
ffI.11oI HCAVDHDI V1'_ H._,
1
158."

. 138 ,81
3
AeI(\i;lJlI Gf.... S18.85


nOIll, $74.85
Please Call For Volume Discounts
5-100 32K (uses 2114)
ASSEMBLED
450ns. 459.00
250ns. 489 .00
Bare Boar d 43.95
Bare Board w/a ll parts less memo
MODEL 2085
54K DYNAMIC RAM
MODULE $1100.00

.. .....,

0wI1nW'lf'lloltllt.,&05llor
I lWblSldS1C(ls!'S!er'l

tet'fIl'ltsOlr"boIfI



pI';xM t s
_ a.n.. Mllr l potlS Iddrl1S 1$
1Uo"JeI'-__
CENTRONICS
Model 737
Centromcs comple te pn nte. '
The 737 has everything .Chec k
al'ld compare the featur es
e Newlow pnce $835.00

SD SYSTEMS BOARDS
TAKE 10% OFF! KIT ASS'M
sec 100 S'"QI. BoIordCompule r (2MHz) $265 00 $ 3. 9 00
sec200 s, ng1e brd Computer I.MHz) 29900 391l00
Z80 Slatt er S.,."t.m 3\900 9 00
VOS 802. VIdItO O''PIay Board 33500 "'5900
VersaFIoppy 1\ 32500 "'29 00
El<IW'OOPROI,4 115 00 22500
50 100 Computer System /&04 K 6995 00
50200 Computer Syslem / &04 K 7995 00
en
C,,)
z
o
IX

...J
W
I
o
C5
<
IX
92
CIRCLE 34 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD .
.....
<0
(Xl
.....
S17500
S14500
SlS9 00
1\
1995
549S
5"95
9800
35000
17900
16900
27900
15000
U CUh U
N,A
Adi:l 411 75
'"
'IDCEUDI A," II((
l ao 23900
6502 37500
1802 191100
All t"a 5<1" " 0" '
rn. t.tl ....t" marcn'rtgbtaceler
LCD CALENDAR
CLOCK GEAR
SHIFT KNOB
Ti me and Date Digit al
Disp lay with Backlight
for Night Use.
Full F""Qef Gr."

au..I'1Z l Co
TlIT\ ' . o,.1e. s.cond s
'E, ioI ly l ... ta_1td
An Out standi ng ACP Value
ONLY $21.95

DOS 33 Upgradt Il:lls.23"l1l lTO"t n 16-5ec: 1II
1ofm1\ $6500

16 C1\nlel s $55000
Ccntn:JIer 11 fIMsIon Kl1. 2Q't oYetll ptOCft SlnOl
I'lCfUti n S1Mddpnnlets.

I'!'IIl"IJIt YenXr'It
PlDl RtYlston M
$6500

b' AppIt Hnwe l',I scttwnstlIctZilt
In:Ults lXJI'iI'tf SlWY A Soon
Sm.IIl'IT.m..... eo x 2" \ldfocanf ,1, Soon
S)rT' 1t:I: X l 0 Ava.! Soon
AAlItSlin)Pt W.th Ac:iPIt 1nlMX:t
cee S5411 00

Ony liS
"'EW'1-80SCl ICWterAPPlECPW22 & WBASIC
50 $32500
"'EWCM3"rt.l WlCtCIl)'(Iducts fer
APPl E
ElcUhU
Adi:l199S
AdGJlli5
N'A
800 & 400
Personal Computer System
ATARI 800 $825.00
ATARI400 $449.00
SKIERS
JOGGERS
SKATERS
CYCLERS
You rrusthear
It aoo feel It
to bell....
J AM/FMstereo
surrCllJOis and
hilsyourbody
WIth sourd
NoeatllkJos.
You wear It!
,.OCfu n m'llu
6S02 161100
6S02 2311 00
l 80 40\100
NEW APPLE PRODUCTS
II
SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER SELECTION GUIDE
I DAIl
K1W l
SYWl
C""""""

$4ggs

tomplIt.tlltWl "PlSQI S319I1S
' BAR WA"' O"Kew'tllPKkIrlI HEOSo3000 B.lr Cocle
.-rwra::.:llllAot. $19900
' SECAPPlE Mr - I C/wroII AJO I".wee
as:serrtllld hl tcW:I S9950
""STAAI'PLE eoTRACKDISK ORrVE" FkiI:IPt AdD-onlor
,,"* SYo' aoTPI $4S900
'APf'lEFORTAAW . S17S00
' APPl ECRYPTEXi lcrdatI rruwclllll W
lU'Il y 51100
' l YNXAF'Plf WODE..... ftfW nuiI!rn1lIr0recl
acuss 12111 00
. B2IAT GraptlcsklttrlaceCardbyBw 2 S1511 i5
r DOS. TwoI'
drMs cblet hl CZ1It SI..5000
' WICAOMOOEW' - DC tU. 1'tS S3111115
' OIG/SECTOR' Cotwerts wleo,wopJllll
p:ncs S34I1 I1S

$1611 00
BONE FONE
You won't believe
your THE
earbones...
ADVANCED
------COMPUTER
PRODUCTS
ATARI 800 Includes : Com puter Con sole . BASIC Lang. Cartridge. Education
System Master Cartr idge, BASIC Language Progr amm mg Manual .8oo Operat or 's
Manual w/Noteboo k, 16K RAM Mod ule . Power Supply, TV Swrt cn Bo x.
,.... UIic*Is.... c_""tt- Sctr IotW;
599iX1 us Hot\.)f) 3500 3SlA)
I'M1et 49900 J5OO&s.c AIl;lIt<I 3500
... RlcGrOtt 69C1l 3500 .. '- .. ,.... , .....
SItlMt'I - WCrtlHo'to"r lWt1.1et.. 3500 1'00
2'CIl 3SOO I'CIl
N>15ASlt 3500 ..... ....,
J5C1l BIt M,W'*"'Of'TMoCo.ot 11000
kslottbIoI 4200 1'r"f1(.S 3\00 l l KIWolMtt!tOl', MoCo.ot 2noo
1M 42C1l GrtJ1C"UoCtl E"'iiIS/'io 3HIC .....
SuperIlr_
T
.. 4200 3500 a-.htItts
3500 500
SolPIf a..;'" 42C1l Elltclw Wr-l1og 3500
55 00 35C1l 1'00
I4llt"cFoIIIta 55 00 3500 1'00
.IClyS.I(.eor.... I>J. 1' 00
NEW APPLE SOFTWARE
1 rfIUm lll - ,l,ppt Wwrsoon Cif Star P.M3ers trom ..Arss-ouatlClllalWtsltmG!.riv
Atarllrldlsk S304 95 $2\111'$
2 1T111Kt; ....AIIIIt .-H..Ats,Trtndl.nulC. Sl 011 9S S AHII Tu ...... ,...
6 ......ST.. lIr $6495
!iItflt. 129115 7 . EWI Appel aoCP/WSoItwJrt Cal b' Pntt
_ .. Apple II. 16K
r :-. or Apple II. Plus $990
DISK SYSTEM SPECIAL
II Plus w/48K Supermod Video Modulator
.....- Disk II w/Controller Integer Based ROM Card .
Reg. S2,220.00. ACP Price S1819.00 SAVE $401 .00
HI'SPffil Senal llO S189 00 OS6S OIQl Stclet $349 00 Inl t'Qtf ROMC.lra
Centtoncs Printer Va 18000 Appj e Graplll( s taeet 6750 0 Proto Cara
AppIesoflll FlIlThlrare 18900 DC Hayts Mc:dem ll J.499S M& RI,lCOUtet
AppleC b:k 26900 SCIl $.ln)'OCassettt
IntrOi XI OS.,. sl em 17995 01$1<. II " S9OO 16w; UWadt ( ,I
lntrd X IOCCWl lrolier . 2699 5 Puca1ungS)'Stem 45000 OtsktcoPIJr'I
All MUSIC SyntheSizer 25995 Parallel Pnnlet Cal d 16S00 8 FllPy ConlfOl<tt
16 Crt. AnalOQ 2..9 95 CunrT'll "UltOr'ISCald 18900 HtlJl'lSIOCS
2 Crt. Analog Output 164 95 Busoness Sott\lt,)rePko 62500 +
13-Kty Keypad 11995 Ccrvus 10 MtQ.ltlyte Dr...e Sl.!perta"..e
Vl$l-Cal:;: 12500 ..62500 Castbtr
SEMICONDUCTORS

DIGITALKER'"
Speech Synthesis System
DlGfTALK ER'" DT1ooo . s.ttcol'ttlllMd
tNt - wtttI a e.puket Md
power supply - eM rMtte ott any dMftd
_ _ 0<, .. _ . $485.00
DIGITALKER'"
Int o)'OlJ( own ..... Iuation dMl gn.
$79.00
MPI 40 lracks 279.00
5nuoart SMC 5' '' ' 35 tracks .. . .. . 29500
Shuoa,rt BOO/801 R 8 ,_. . . .. . 475 00
s. emens Shugart Compal lble Model
FDD-120-8D . . . . . 429 00
PERSCI Model 277 Dual . .. . . .. . 1195.00
WANGO/5 1EMEN5 5\ ,,' on e . . . 290.00
MPI 852 DuaL .. __ _.. __. . . 348.00
WANGO/51EMEN5 282 Dual . . 395 00
WANGQISIEMEN5 82. .. . _. . _ 290 00
The DIGlTALKERIS a IPHd'l synlhesls system
conSIsting 01 multiple N-cnannel MOS Inte-
oraled ClrCUlts. II contai ns a speech processor
d'IIP (5pq and spHCh ROM and .... M n used
'Mlh ..xl.rna! hll ftf, amplifl el'. and spuk... .
producesasystem.... hlc:hoen...ates highQualIty
SPlM(:h W"Idvdlnglhe natural 1I'l1l..::lIoI'I and
emphaSIsoI1he original speech. Male. l emale.
and chlldren's VOICeScan be
Complete ly system, nol
(IlQUlI'lng a procenor conlroUer
DeSIgned to be .aslly Inl erl aG*l to most
popul ar If\ICI'OPl"oceuors.
e 256 posSIble addressable eltpreSStOns
e Male. l emale. and ch,ldren's VOICeS
e Natural lnflecl lOl'land emphaSIs of ong,nal
"'""" Addresses 128k 01ROM dlrectly
CommunlCales-"' tlh statICor cJock.cl
dynamICROMs
m compal,tM
MICROBUS'" compatoble
FLOPPY DISK DRIVES
IPECIALTIES
.... LIII . Il-cha..... lDo<_ . 58500
.... LMl logICMOOD . 60.00
. MII logtc MOIlI tor .. 1<47 00
."Haa 100MHz Por1able Freq..ercy CCU'lter
1<4 900
. ... lI- l DlQIlal l ogc PrOOe 500 0
..... Economy logICPrIDe 28.00
. .. LP-I H'l/1Speedlog< PrObe . 7700
. ... LPKl lOQICProbe KIt. .. 2195
. N11 LTt-I. lc9CaJAnalysrsKits. 2201250
TEXAS I NS TR UMENTS
99/4 PERSONAL COMPUTER
Superior Col or, MUSIC, Sound &GraphlCs-
& a POI erful Exl ended Basic-All Buill ln.
Now! Spec Ial T.V.
.
your eXIsting T.V. set .
as acompule r dlSpby. .Jt
$499.00
Console only.

r..-T
m-MUSIC MACH INEgc
_ WI TH 9 VOICE S!

cnyn P:Ilb ' oottS UWS VntAY)" ,10S ., p-;d..ct


..." .....,T1ITl I .. . . . . . $129.95
74l S164N 1 19
28 704 l S165N 89
28 74L5 166N 248
28 704 l 5 158N 1 89
39 74l 5 169N 189
28 74LS11DN 1 99
39 74l$173N 89
39 74LS174N 99
28 7. l 5 175N 99
39 74L5 181N 2 20
39 74LS19ON 11 5
47 74LS191N 115
1 25 74L5l 92N 98
39 74LS193N 98
26 74LSl 94N 1 15
38 74L5195N 95
38 74L5 196N 89
39 74L5197N 89
39 74l 5221N 1 04 9
39 104L524QN 1 95
26 704 l S241N i .so
39 704 l S242N 1.95
19 74L5243N 1 95
.39 704 L5244N 1 95
26 704 l 5245N 04.95
79 104 l 5247N 1 10
79 104l52048N 1.10
79 704l5249N 169
26 104L5251N 1 79
35 704 l S253N 98
35 704l 5257N 98
45 74l5258N 9B
59 74l 5259N 2 95
68 104 l S26ON 59
45 104l5261N 2 049
65 74l 5266N 59
99 74l S273N 1.75
11 9 74l 5275N 4 040
45 74l S279N .59
75 74l 5283N 1.10
75 7.LS290N 1 29
15 74l5293N 1 95
88 104l5295 N 1.10
98 104lS298N 1 29
45 74LS3204 N 1.75
45 74lS347N 1 95
49 74LS348N 1.95
.49 74LS352N 165
55 74lS353N r 65
55 74LS363 N 1.49
1.19 74LS365N 99
135 74LS365 N 99
89 74LS367N .73
89 74LS36BN .73
.79 74lS313N 2.15
59 74l S3104N 2 15
89 74L$3 75N 69
89 74l $377 N 195
1 25 74l S385N 1.95
1 49 74lS386N 65
79 74l S390N 1.95
79 74l S393N 1.95
249 74lS395N 1.70
1.19 74l$399N 2.95
99 74lS4204N 2.95
99 74lS668N 1.75
.15 74LS670N 2 29
9S 81l S95N 1 99
1.15 81l S96N 199
9S 81LS97N 1 99
98 81l S98N 1.99
704 l SOON
104 l S01N
74l S02N
704lSOJN
704 l $()4N
l 04 lS05N
14l$06N
l04lS09N
14l 510N
14l5 11N
74l 512N
14l 5 13N
14l514N
704lS15N
14l S20N
74L521N
74l S22N
74LS26N
74L527N
74L52 8N
14LSJON
74LS32N
74l$37N
74l S38N
l 04 l S40N
14l S42N
74L$4 7N
74L$48N
74LS51N
704LS54N
704l S55N
14lS13N
704lS704N
74l 5 75N
74L576N
704 LS18N
704l $83AN
704l S85N
704 l S86N
704 LS90N
704 l S92N
74l S93N
704 l 595N
704lS96N
704lS107N
74L5 109N
74L5 1l 2N
74LS113N
704l S114N
74l S122N
74LS123N
74LS1204N
74LS125N
74LS126N
74LS132N
74LS136N
74L5138 N
74L5 139N
74LS145N
74L5148N
74L5151 N
74l5153N
74LS1S04N
74L5 155N
74LS156 N
74L51 57N
74L5 158N
74LSl60N
74L5161N
74LS162N
74LS163N
74LSOO
LINEAR
78HeS 595 LM14104N 190
18M06 1.049 LM145SCN/N 49
78M G 1 49 MC1488N 149
lMl05H 99 MC1489N 1 49
lM108AH 29 5 LM1496N 89
l M300 H 79 LM1556N 150
lM3Q1CNfH 3S LM1BOON .79
lM304H 98 LM1820N 95
lM305H 89 LM1850N .95
LMJ06H 3.25 LM1889N 3 95
lM307CN/H 29 LM211 1N 17 5
l M306GNIH 98 l M2900 N .99
l MJ09 K ' .9 l M2901N 2 50
lM310CN 1 25 lM29 17N 295
l M3110/CNf H 9S CAJ013 T 2.29
l M312H 1 75 GA3018T 1.99
lM31 7T 27 5 CA3Q21T 3.49
lM318CNJH 14 9 GA3023T 299
l M319NfH 1 25 GA3035T 2 75
l M320K XX 1 49 GA3039T 1 49
lM320T XX 125 CAJ046T 1 29
LM320HXX 1 25 lMJ053N 1,49
l M323K 49 5 CA3059N 3.25
lM32. N 1 25 GA3060N 325
lM339N 95 CA3062N 4 95
lM340KXX 1 049 lM3065N 1 49
LM340 T XX 1 25 GA3080N 1 29
LM340HXX 1 25 CAJ08 1N 169
LM344H 1 95 CA3082N 1 69
lM348N 1 85 GA3083 N 1 99
lM358CN 98 GA3086N 1 29
l M360N 1 49 CA3089N 2.75
LM372N 19 5 CA3096N 2049
LM316N 3 75 CA3097N 1 99
LM377N 31 5 C>\313QT 2 49
l M380CN/ N 1 25 CA3140T 249
lM381 N 179 CA3146N 2 49
lM383T 1 95 CA3160T 14 9
l M386N 1 49 CA3190N 1 95
l M38 7N 149 CA340 1N 69
LM390 N 1 95 MC3423N 1 49
NE5311/fT 375 MG3460N 395
NE5551J 39 SG3524N 395
NE556N 98 CA3600 N 350
NE561T 1995 l M3900 N 59
NE562B 795 l M3905N 1 49
NE565N/H 1 25 LM3909N .96
NE56SHIIJ 11 5 RC4l 31N 295
NE567VfH 150 RC4136N 110
NE592N 27 5 RC4151N 4 50
LM102H 299 RG4l 94 495
LM709NfH 29 RC4195 440
lM710Nf H 98 ULN1OO1 12 5
LM71 1N/ H 39 ULN2oo3 150
LM1 15N 1 95 5N754 50N 59
LM723NtH 75 5N15451N 04 9
lM733N/H 98 SN7545 2N 49
lM139N 1 15 5N75453N 49
LM741CNfH 33 5N7 5.54N 49
lM741CN 14 19 5N7549 1N 89
l M747N/H 19 89
lM748N/H 39 5N7504 93N 89
l M760CN 2 95 5N7549.( N 89
l M13 10N 190
59
39
44
59
.9
ss
ss
.9
'"
'" 295
. 2
19 '
"0
99
.,
et
.,
11 9
.2
.9
.9
r es
ss
se
.9
.,
97
97
1 20
'" 1 . 9
'"79
.9
. 9
.,
es
180
75
'"75
'"
'"
..,
390
1.15
1.15
as
85
es
ee
es
as
139
1.39
139
ss
10'
.9
2.15
390
390
12 5
ss
..
..
79
79
1 90
1.90
190
.99
2 95
249
22'
12 95
12 95
12.95
129 5
. 95
4 95
39
i ss
.9
.95
.75
95
395
139
139
1 39

'.9
139
1 39
4 95
99
22 '
39
39
39
49
49
,.,
39
39
99
,.,
239
"
.,
2 49
4"
I.'
I.'
,.,
11 9
2 49
350
210
239
230
239
239
2 59
'" 275
239
2 39
2 39
' "
."
150
'"
5N14 123N
5N14 125N
5N74126N
5N74 128N
5N74 132N
5N14136N
5N74139N
5N14141N
5N74142N
5N14143N
5N14144N
5N14 145N
5N14147N
$N14148N
5N7415ON
5N74151N
5N14152N
5N74153N
5N74 154N
5N74 155N
5N74156N
5N14157N
5N74158N
5N14160N
5N74161N
5N74162N
5N74163N
5N1416 4N
5N14165N
5N74166N
5N74167N
5N74170N
5N74112N
5N74173N
5N14 114N
SN14115N
5N74 116N
5N14 111N
5N74 119N
5N7418QN
5N14181'"
5N74182N
$N14184N
5N74185N
5N74186N
5N74188N
5N74190N
5N74 191N
5N74 192N
5N74193N
5N74 194N
5N74195N
5N74196N
5N74197N
5N74198N
SN74199 N
5N74221N
5N74251N
5N74273N
5N74219N
5N74283N
5N74284N
5N74285N
5N14290 N
5N74298N
5N74365N
5Nl 4366N
5N704361N
5N74368 N
5N74390N
5N14393N
5N74490 N
.35 C04093
.35 CD4094
.35 CD4098
13 9 C04099
29 MC144Q8
13 9 MC144Q9
49 JIll C1441')
49 MC14412
35 MC1441 5
29 MC14419
49 C04501
139 C045Q2
1.15 C04 503
59 CD450 5
1 19 C04 5Q6
99 C04507
49 C0450B
1.19 C04 510
1.19 C0 04 511
1.15 C0 4512
38 C045 15
79 C045 15
38 C004518
65 C04 520
85 C04 555
1 29 C04556
45 CD45 66
3 25 74COO
21 5 74C02
325 74G04
95 74COB
1 95 74Cl0
1 29 74C14
1 25 74C20
95 74C30
85 74C32
85 74G42
1 75 704G48
125 74C73
99 14C74
69 74C85
69 74C89
1 10 74C90
1 10 14C93
1 10 74C95
3 95 74Cl07
2 95 14C151
9 95 14C154
139 HC157
15 HC160
35 HC161
. 9 74Cl63
35 74C164
35 74C173
35 74C1104
35 74C115
129 74C192
35 74C193
35 74C195
35 7"'C922
35 74C923
19 5 MM8OC95
295 MM8OC97
CMOS
C04000
C04 001
C04 002
C0 4006
C04 007
CD4008
C04009
C040 10.
C0401 1
C040 12
C04Q13
C0 40U
C040 15
C04016
C04017
C0 4018
C04 019
C04 020
C04021
C04022
C04 023
C04 024
C04025
C04 027
C04Q28
C04029
C04 0JO
C0 403 1
C04032
C04 034
C04035
C04OJ7
C04040
C04 Q41
C004Q42
C04Q43
C04 044
C04 046
C04047
C04048
C04 Q49
C040SC
C040 51
C04 052
C04053
C04055
C04056
C04059
C04060
C04065
C04 06 9
C0 4070
C04011
C040 72
C04 073
C04075
C04016
C04 077
CD4078
CD4081
C04 082
CD4Q8'
C04 OB9
5N 7400N 19
5N7 401N 22
5N7402N 22
5N7403N 22
5N 74Q.4N 22
5N 7405N 23
5N704Q6N 23
$N70407N 23
5"17408 "1 26
5N7409N 23
5"17041 0"1 22
5N 704 11N 29
5N 7412N 29
5N 74 13N 39
5N14 14N 59
5"11416'" 29
5N14 11N 29
5N7420N 22
5N742 1N 35
5N70422N 29
5N7423N 29
5N7425N 29
5N7426N 29
5N7427N 29
5N7429N 45
5N743ON 23
5N1432N 29
5N7437N 29
5N7438 N 29
5N7439N 29
5N70440N 24
5N 70404 1N 79
5N 7442N 57
5N7443N 79
5N1444N 79
5N744 5N 79
5N74046N 79
5N7 447N 59
5N7448 N 79
5N745ON 23
5N7451N 23
5N7453N 23
5N1454 N 23
5N 7459N 29
5N7460N 23
$N 7470N 39
5N7472N 34
5N 7473N 38
5N 7474N 36
5N7475N 38
$N7476N 36
5N74 79N 4 60
5N 7480N 59
5N 7481N 1.10
$N7482 N 1 10
$N7483N 55
$N7485N 65
5N7486N 39
5N7489N 175
5N7490N 39
5N7491N 65
5N7492N 52
5N7493N 49
5N7494N 72
5N 7495N 55
5N7 496N 72
5N 7497N 31 0
$N 74100N 99
5N74 107N 32
5 N74109N 53
5Nl 04"6N 195
5N74121N 29
5Nl04122N 39
7400
CIRCLE 34 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD 93
CFR Associates, . Inc.
PHONE OROERS: WAREHOUSE:
\:-' 617/372 8536 18 Granite SI .
. Haverhill. Mass. 01830
Month's Specials-.....
SHUGART 901 8" Floppy Disk Dri ve
Used. wh ole unt este d Data & Sch em atics inc l uded 2/
5499
.00
SHUGART SA400 5
'
/. " Mi ni Floppy PIli ! S" ,pp ,np
Used, wh ole. unt est ed Dat a & Sch ema ti cs Inc luded . , .. . 2/
5299
.00
CDC9400 (MPI SR- a03) a" Fl op py Dri ve Plu, . ,.pp,n,
Ha rd or Soft Sec tored Used. whole. untested Data & Sch ematics
Inc lu ded . .. 2/'399.00
12" VIDEO MONITOR Motor ol a #XM-351 Plu' ,",pp ." ,
80x2 4 or 16x64 DIspl ay Requi res only Composite Video Input and
1101230 VAC, 50160 Hz Tested, funct ional & guaranteed Data
and scttemancs Included . s95.00",
9" VIDEO MONITOR Motoro la #XM- 227 P<u, S'pp,n,
Same c har acteristics as above 12" Video. Tested. funcnonat
and guaranteed. Da ta & Sc hemat iCs IOc lud ed . . . . . . s79.00".
PluS StllPP"'9
Call For Our Bargain-Packed PERIPHERAL FLVER!!!
Prices Ar e Subjec t To Ch ang e On All It ems
ASCII Parallel Input
*SELECTRIC TypewriterIPrinter
100% TRS-80 COMPATIBLE
.Compatible w/Printer Cable or ExpansionInl erface .Complete& Ready For Use
.Refurbi shed Selectric Printer .aCDType E1 emenllncluded
. Parall ellnpul. IS' Frame. t32 Cols. Data Included
Upper&lower CaseTypewriter/Printer .Fully Formed Characters. Approx IS CPS
Add $20 00 for Handling & Packaging Pay Shipping When Deli vered

MAIL OROERS: .
Box 144. Nowlan. N.H.
03858
4Kx16 MEMORY BOARD with 64 IC chips (2102)
in sockets. Super deal at S50 the comp lete board.
TOUCH PAD solid state wlLSI chip . Bell system
compatible. For computers & phones $24 .00
12 VOLT GELCELLS 2.5 AH $14 .00 5 AH $17.00
12 INCH CRT bonded face plate. New with specs.
Made for computers. $35.00
$29 AUTO SECURITY SYSTEM alarm system $7.00
SANYO UHF VARACTOR TUNER 25.00
SOUND GENERATOR IC $1 .00 ea 6/5.00
SHUGART FLEX DISC DRIVE 5)4 inch 150.00
SHUGART FLEX DISC DRIVE 8 i nch 200.00
PORTABLE ULTRASONIC ALARM 15.00
MOTOROLA VIDEO MONITOR 12 inch 85.00
MOTOROLA VIDEO MONITOR 9 inch 40.00
The above two mon itors accept composite video signal
BALL VIDEO MONITOR 12 i nch wlpower supply50.00
The above monitor requires comp video circuitry
DATA STATION CONSOLE wlkeyboard 9 inch
monitor, power supply. Logic boards broken. $80
Send for details on this one.
WALKY TALKIES Govt surplus useds,
condition. 47-55.4 mc range. With ""
schematics. Govt AN/PRC6
$25 each 2 for $45. Ant. $5 each
ASCII KEYBOARD parallel $50
RED LED's 10 for $1.00
MIN ORDER 810 .00
Shipping extra on all merchandise
Meshna Inc. , PO Box 62, E. Lynn, Mass. 01904
CIRCLE 15 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD CIRCLE 41 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
TRS80
li KMtmorr Add.on
'43
95
KIT CONTAINS
DIPSWITCHES
ANDDETAILED
INSTRUCTIONS
22 SN74141N .69
.57 SN74151N .65
78 SN74153N .65
78 SN74154'1 1.25
20 SN74155N .80
20 SN74157N .69
32 SN74160N .95
32 SN74161 N .65
1.05 SN74163N .85
.50 SN74164N .87
.48 SN741 65N .87
.60 SN74174N .95
.70 SN74175N .69
.39 SN74180N .75
.95 SN74181 N 1.15
I-IH
Ntl'I'I(lIII""" 'HI
JJ t IrAtlt IUIIH1 U. _II
Ht.,..ICMlIJIIr/M III
"''''.-''./J It" If'
16ft",,,, III
,.U J 1I
MI6tt1ttHUU" HS
APPlIltrnRPAa CARDS
ClftTIM)tII(J NlIftfIII I Itt
tit
DUMIIcotrraOUIII tII_", U Mt
IftTKd MAC rtIIiI'ftWMI ..,
..,
MKM lAnGUAGI NCIIAGl ...
NMUI\"""''' m
-- "
__ 1M
13"
. 20 SN7440N
.22 SN744 2N
.22 SN74 43N
. 24 SN7445N
.22 SN7451N
. 28 SN7454N
. 35 SN7474N
.49 SN 7475N
. 29 SN7482N
. 29 SN7 492N
. 28 SN7493N
.25 SN749 5N
.23 SN7 49 6N
.29 SN74122N
24 SN74136N
Thf' ... ., 1.' g. ' .. c.vo!>""f'9. 'M
( " ( ,, ,' , ' t .....,; , ... .. .. . , .... .. ' I ( . 'P<>d.. ' ' 0' .. .... ...
bu , ,,.,,, "'f'd "' < ' OPOOl."' ''O' . PCJIoC. _l oO'" r,.. un <" " l ] 1MI
1"<1 .. ' (0""01'" '' Q\( .... I". r,.... bAY' " ( OUt" "" ""... .. 10
pt oy.o. .. dd ' . " "bO. bol l. a 0:1.. , .. Ql sr eo..o!>"" """.Jl I 5
I.c)JFlS "' 11< CAl l "' ONh "<l _I AFI 0 . ' .. .0.1;
{'", "COO'Il'Ol*d by Dol.odd' ." '."0 ...,. It' .<>d
I'O/d " f!" 1\ a ' h .' ' _ 100.." 1] .. .. ' .... ... W'''( ' '''''
.. ... 'CIe ." ,,<..
EPROMS
2708 I k x 8 5.95
8 FOR 40 .00
2716 2k x 8 9 .95
Single p.s 8 FOR80 .00
2732 4k x 8 24.95
2716 2k x 8 6 .95
tr iP'e PS

'17
ts
,.OIE
--- lilT
. , . .$16.95 each
1.60
1.15
1.50
1.75
1.25
.50
.95
.95
3 .50
3.75
4.25
4.95
5. 45
MISCELLANEOUS
2.65
.27
. f M(llltf AOO - C/ IIH
. """tU OES If..sT"ucr/ON$
8038C
NE555Y
7905.
7906
1915
1918
7806
7806
7806 ..'
7812-'
r.tC133OA1P
r.tC135OP
r.tC1358P
LM380N
NE565H
MC\458P
IS410 SCR
IT410 TRIAC
2114 200ns
2114 L 300ns
2114L 2000 .
4116 300ns
4116 200ns
apple II pi I . '.
With 48Kof ----


the APPLE 1/
selec t tromthe below .....""- ......
SPECIAL PRICING'
/
Base; prmter .5599"
Disk tt wtcont 585..
Dl s1< II 473
Ser PrmterCd .. ' 7'9"
SUpRMod 23-
3way IIOSelect 33'"
Video tOO72:.... 119-
Firmware CJrd 149"
UHFloRCAC
74LSOO .26 74LS155 1.15
74LS02 .26 74LS158 75
74LS03 .26 74LS160 95
74LS04 . 26 74LS161 85
74LS08 .28 74LS162 95
74LS09 .26 74LS163 160
llILS10 .26 74L S164 65
74LS20 .26 74LS165 65
74LS 21 .28 74LS170 175
74LS2 2 .26 74LS174 75
74LS 26 .49 74LS1 75 ' 75
74LS27 . 26 74LS1 90 75
74LS30 .28 74LS193 95
74LS3 2 .32 74L S195 95
74LS3 8 .32 74LS196 85
74LS4 2 .65 74LSnl 140
74LS48 .78 74LS240 165
74LS5 1 .25 74LS241 165
74LS54 .35 74L S24 3 145
en
74L S74 .38 74LS244 14 5
o
74LS7 5 60 74LS2 45 2 25
Z
74LS 8 3 44 74LS253 95
74L S85 .95 74LS25 7 95
0
74LS86 .95 74LS258 95
a:
74L S90 .69 74L S259 2 85
I-
74LS 9 3 .69 74LS279 44
o
W
74LS107 .45 74LS2 83 100
...J
74LS1 12 .38 74LS293 185
W 74LS113 .48 74LS298 120
,
74LS122 .48 74L S366 95
0
74L S123 .95 74LS36 7 55
Ci 74LS126 .69 74L S368 55
-c 74LS1 38 69 74LS3 73 1.39
a: 74LS 151 44 74LS374 139
74LS15 3 .44 74L 386 65
94
CIRCLE 36 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
INTERN ATI O N AL E LECT R O N I CS UNLIMITED
IMMEDIATE DELIVERY OF QUALITY
CERAMIC CAPACITORS
TIL
10' :, OFF ON S15.00
METAL FILM RESISTORS, <I'M' <I,
'l pf 22pf 56pl 120pf 270pl . 0047uf .030ul 150; , OFF ON SSG.OO
5pl 27pl 68pf 150pf 390pf 001uf .01uf . 050uf
M[TAl rI l H
total qu. ntity .. pk-l0 pt- 25 pk-l00 pk- 250
7pf 33pf 82pf 180pf 470pf .00 15uf .015uf . 1uf 7400 S. 18 7464 . 30 74155 .50 RN60 ( R.Ohll CRB60FY) 1/4w,)tt
1-999 5. 25 1. 00 2. 00 7.50 17. 50
1000- . 20 . 90 1.80 7.00 16.25
10pf 47pf 100pf 220pf 600pf .003uf . 022uf 7401 .18 7465 . 30 74156 . 6' low t elllp ccef - 50ppm/o C
5000- .20 .85 1. 70 6.50 15.00
l pf - . 050uf . 1uf
7402 . 18 7470 .49 74157 . 60 ,13 8"d u X . J!J5
M
l onljl ( body)
ioooo- .20 .80 1.55 6.00 13. 75
rote t EA. PK-l0 PK-l00 EA . PK- l0 PK-l00
7403 . 18 7472 . 32 74158 .75 col or botnded
10 or IfIOf! resistors - not indiv1dua lly pac k.qed -
7404 . 20 7474 . 18 74160 .70
1-1 000 $. 20 s . 95 6.50 . 25 1. 25 9. 00
7405 . 25 747S .49 74161 .79
mixed - spec Hy any assortment of val ve s S.l Se
1000- .20 .85 6.00 .25 1. 10 8.00 7406 . 20 7576 .49 74162 . 85
VAlUlS STOCKED (Ohms )
CERAMIC CAPACITOR KIT
740 7 .20 7480 .35 74163 .85
SUnd.rd l ' ee t al f il m va l ues f r om 10 oh", t o l11 1i11 1/ 4 watt
se e of t he above val ues $11.50
'408 . 27 7482 .25 74164 . 85
10. 0 12.1 14. 7 17. 8 22.6 27. 4 33.7 40.2 ' 48.1 59. 0 11.5 88.7
CK-e2 7409. . 27 7483 .58 14166 .85
CK-c3 l Qea. of t he above val ues 20.50 1410 . 18 748S .50 74170 1.50
10. 2 12.4 IS.O 18.2 23.2 28.0 34. 0 41. 2 49.9 60.4 73.2 90.9
10. 5 12.7 15.4 18.7 23. 7 28.7 34. 8 42. 2 51.1 61.9 75.0 93.1
7415 . 29 /486 . 42 74173 1.25
10.7 13.0 l S. 8 19. 1 24.3 29. 4 35.7 43.'2 52.3 63.4 76.8 95.3
7416 .10 7489 1.75 74174 1.05
11. 0 13. 3 16. 2 19.6 24.9 30.1 36. 5 44- 2 53.6 64.9 80.6 97.6
POLYESTER FILM CAPACITORS - 100V t lOt
1417 .20 7490 . 59 74175 . 85
11.3 13. 7 16. 5 20.0 25.5 30.9 37.4 45. 3 54.9 66.5 82.5
EA . PK- 10 PK-loo EA . PK-10 PK- l00
7420 . 20 7491 . 64 74176 . 70
11.5 14. 0 16. 9 20. 5 26.1 31.6 38. 3 46.4 56.2 68.1 84.5
$.20 10.0 0
7425 . 39 7492 . 59 74177 .70
11. 8 14.3 17. 4 22.1 26. 7 32.4 39.2 47.5 57.6 69.8 86.6
. 001uf s.rs . 95 6.50 .033ul 1. 00
7426 . 35 7493 .35 741 80 . 35
.00 15uf . 15 .95 7.5 0 . 047uf .20 1. 15 10. 50 1427 . 25 7494 .59 74181
1
and rnult llpl es of 10 of the above value \ to 1.2 1M
t. e . 10.0 100 1. 01'. l{). 01: 1001: 1M etc
. 0022uf . 15 . 95 7.50 . 068uf . 25 1. 30 12. 00 7430 . 25 7495 . 35 741 82 I
.00 33uf . 15 . 95 7.50 . 1uf .30 1. 75 13. 50
7432 . 20 7496 . 35 74189 . 50
METAL )'ILM RESISTORS
. 0047ul . 15 .9 5 7.50 . 15uf .35 2.25 14.00
7437 . 20 7410S . 48 74190 1.15
7438 . 18 74107 . 35 74191 1.15 total quantity .. pk- l0 pk-SO pk-100 pk-SOO
. 0068uf .15 .9 5 7.50 . 22uf . 40 2.55 20.00
7440 .18 74121 .35 74192 . 50
K TAL FILM
1-999 5. 25 1. 00 4.00 7.50 35. 00
. 01uf . 15 . 95 7.50 .33uf . 45 2.7 5 25.00
1441 .59 74122 . 39 74193 .79
RN5S (Il.. OhM CIl.S14FY) l /Bwat t
1000- . 20 .90 3.60 7.00 32.50
Low t emp eee r - 50ppm/oC
. 015uf . 15 . 95 7.50 .47uf .50 3.50 30.00 7442 . 35 74123 . 39 74194 .85
. 094"dia X . 225"1009 ( body)
500C- .20 . 85 3.40 6.50 30.00
. 022uf .15 .9 5 7.50 i 443 .55 74125 . 50 74195 .69
colo r banded
ioooo- . 20 . 80 3. 10 6.00 27.50
TOTAL QTY . 1000 pes . -ros, 5000 pes . -15t
1444 . 60 1412e .50 74196 . 80 10 or more resistors - not i ndividually packaged -
7445 . 50 74132 . 75 74197 .75 mixed - specify any assortment of va l ues $. 15ea
POLVESTER CAPACITOR KIT
7446 .59 74141 . 35 74198 1.40
l /S Witt
7448 . 59 74145 . 50 74199 1.25 VALUES STOCKO (ohm\)
5 ed of th e above val ues $14. 95
7450 . 18 74148 1. 25 745200 3. 75 10.0 27. 4 75.0 34" 1. 74K s.ur 11. 01: 20.5 1: 31.61: 54.9 1: 1401: 3241:
7451 .22 14150 1. 35 74219 .65
10. 2 28. 7 78.7 402 1.871: 5.36K n . 3K 21.01(. 32.41: 57. 6K 1471: 3321:
7453 .18 74151 .50
11. 0 30.1 84. 5 475 1.96K 5.49 1: 1l .5K 21. 51: 33.2K 60.41: 1501: 348K
TANTALUM CAPACITORS
so l i d di pped
7454 .18 74153 . 35
11.5 31.6 90.9 487 2. 051: 5.761: 12.11: 22. 11: 34. 8K. 64. 9K ls ar. 374K
7460 .18 74154 1. 45
12.1 33. 2 100 499 2.21 1: 6 . 041: 12."" 22.61: 36.51: 68. u:: 165K 402K
10 10 i o
13. 0 35.7 107 60' 2. 43K 6 .491: 12.71: 23.21:. 37. 41:: 69.8K. 1741: 432<
14. 0 37. 4 121 6'9 2. 49K 6 . 811: 13.0 k 23.71: 39.21: 75.01: 182K 4531:
. l uf / 35V . 30 . 25 4.7uf/l 6V . 38 . 30 22uf ll6V . 50 . 40
8000 (Si gne t i cs)
14. 7 40.2 127 715 2.74 K 7.15 K 13. 31: 24.31: 40.21: 76. 81: 1911: 464K
. 22uf / 35V . 30 . 25 4. 7uf / 25V . 45 .3 5 22uf /35V . 60 . 55
8263 2. 95 8267. 1.75 8281 .95
15.0 43. 2 137 750 2.871: 7. 50K. 14. 0K 24. 9K 41. U, 82. 5K. 200< 475K
. 33uf/ 35V . 30 . 25 6 . 8uf/6 V . 35 . 28 33uf/ 6V . 55 . 45
9000 Se r-Ies
16.2 45.3 150 909 3. 0lK 8.2 5K 14.7K 25. 51: 43.2K 90.91: 2051:
1"
lu f / 20V . 30 .2 5 6. 8uf1l6V . 45 . 39 33uf/lOV . 60 .50
9601 .25 9602 . 29
17.4 47.5 165 1.001: 3. 161: 8 . 66K 15.01: 26. 11: 45.3K 95.31: 210<
1. 5uf / 20V . 30 .2 5 10uf / 20V . 42 . 35 47uf / 6V .6 0 . 50
18.2 49.9 191 1.021: 3. 321: 9.09K 15.41: 26.n:: 46. 41: l OOK. 2211:
19. 1 54. 9 200 1. 101: 3.51K 9.531: 16. 2t: 27.41:: 47. 51( 105K 232K
2. 2uf / 20V . 35 . 25 15uf / 6V . 42 . 35 47uf/l5V . 65 . 55
20. 0 57.6 210 1.211( 4. 221( 9.76K 16. 9K 28.01( 48.7K 1101: 249K
2.2 uf/35V . 38 . 28 15uf / 20V . 50 .40 56uf /6V . 85 . 75
CMOS 10'1, OFF ON S15.00 22. 1 60. 4 231 1.2n 4.53K 10.0K 17.41: 28 . 71( 49.9K 1151: 2551:
3.3 uf /35V .40 . 30 TANTALUM CAPACITOR ASST .
15'1, OFF ON SSG.OO
23. 2 64.9 249 1. 301: 4. 751: 10. 21: 18. 2K 29. 41( 51.1K 12lr. 287K
24.9 68. 1 301 1. 471: 4. 871( 10.5 r. 19. 1K 30. a 52.3K 130K. 2941::
5 ea . of above - $3 7. 50
26.1 71.5 316 1. 501: 4.99K 10. 7K 20. 0K 30.9 1: 53.6K 137K 3011(
4000 Seri es 0'05
4otlO 5. 25 4020 1. 14 4050 . '5
.
CARBON FILM RESISTORS
ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS - axt al
4001 .39 4021 .95 4051 1. 15
4002 . 25 40n . 95 4066 . 79 1/ 4 & 1/2 wat t
,.,
1099 100- r -s 10 99 t ee-
4006 . 95 4023 .30 4069 . 39
PRICI NG
CARBON FILM to t al Quanti ty .. pk- l0 pk- l00 pk- l 000
l u/16V .Il .Il . 09 . l> . Il . Il
4007 .39 4024 .75 4071 . 29
1/ 4watt ( Il. . Ohm R(5) 1-999 5.10 . 45 2. 00
l u/JOV
."
.Il .10 nu/sov . 16
."
, 1i
4008 . 95 4025 .22 4072 .39 . 095"d ia X .250"10 ng (body)
1000- . 10 . 40 1. 80 15. 00
' u/160V . 11 .15 . Il )Ju f25V . 18 . 16
."
'009 .46 4027 .59 4073 .39
1/ 2watt ( R.Ohm R50)
5000- . 10 .30 1.70 ' 14. 50
2. 2u/ 'lSV
."
. Il . 10 Hli / 'lSY . 18 . 16
."
4010 .45 4028 . 85 4018 .39
. 146"d1. X . 354"10n9 (body)
10000- . 10 .25 1.55 13.00
1.2 l1 /S0Y
."
. 1Z . 10 SOll /'lS Y . 18 . 16 . 14
4011 . 45 4030 .49 4081 . 39
2. 211/6JV . 14 . Il .10 100uflOV . 18 .16 14
4012 . 25 4035 . 95 4082 . 30
25 or more res t s tors - not i ndivi du.11y packa ged -
3. Ju/'lSOY . 16 .14 .1Z 150u/ 1S'f . 22 . 10 . 11
mixed - specify any as sortment of val ues
ot . l11 110Y . 14 .1Z . 10 220ul16Y . 2l . 11 .18 4013 . 59' 4040 1. 15 4518 1.25
SuIZS'f . Il .10 . oa 220u12SY
."
. 22 . 10 4014 .95 4041 1.20 4528 1. 50
VALUE S STOCKED
10ufl6v . Il .Il . 10 H Oul3S V l3 . ;:9 . 26 4015 .95 4042 . 95 4585 1.50
10u12SV . 14 .1Z . 10 1000u/JS'f ... . 81 . SO
4016 . 6' 4043 . 85 4901 .59 .5 3.9 16 68 300 1.2K 5.11: 22< 3901:: 1.6M 6.2M
IOll/SOY . 15 .Il .r r 1000u/ SOY 1. 00 . OS .90
4017 1.08 4046 1. 69 1.0 4. 3 18 75 330 1. 3K' 5. 6K 24< l OOK 430K
l.l'"
'6.811
10u/15 0Y .18 .16
."
4018 . 95 4049 . 45 1.1 4.7 20 81 360 1.5K 6 .2K 27< llOK 470K 2.0M 7. 51'1
1.2 5.1 22 91 390 1. 61: 6. 81::. 30< 120K 5101: 2.2M 8.2M
LINEAR CIRCUITS 10"" onON 525.00
1.3 5.6 24 100 430 1. 8K 7.51: m 130K 5601: 2.4!'1 *9. H1
SOCKETS - LOW .. 1.5 6.2 17 110 470 2.0K 8.21( 36< 150K. 620K 2.71'1 *10M
150; , OI 'F ON SSO.on
1.6 6.8 30 120 510 2. 2K 9.lK 39< 160K 680K 3.0M *l1M
LM565N . 55
1.8 7.5 33 130 560 2. 41: 10< 43< 180< 750K 3. 31'1 *12H
ea 100 1.0 8.2 36 150 620 2. 7K 11< '7< 200K 820< 3.6M
'13"
8 pi n .20 . 18 pk-l0 . Ieee S .3 0
LM565H I 39
2.2 9.1 39 160 680 3. 0r. 12< 51< 220K 910K 3.9M *15M

LH300H
LM566H 1. 69 180 750 3. 3K 1::1: 56< 240K 1.0 H 4.31'1 ( ' I/"Zw
14 pi n .25 .2 1 pk-l 0 . 19 . 28
2.' 10 43
LM301 CN
LM566CN 1.4 5 2. 7 11 ' 7 200 820 3.6K 15< 62< 210K 1.11'1 4. 71'1 only)
16 pi n . 26 . 22 pk- l0 .20
LM302H . 28
LM567CN 1. 19 3. 0 12 51 220 910 3. 9K 16< 68< 300' 1. 2M 5.11'1
18 pi n .32 . 28 pk- C .26
LM304H 80
LM7 03H . 59
3. 3 13 56 240 lo OK 4. 3K 18< 75< 3301: 1. 3M 5.6M
24 pi n .48 .4 5 pk- 3 .38
LM307Cf1 . 32
LM703CI, 39
3.6 15 62 270 1.1 K 4. 7K 20< 82< 360K 1. 51'1
28 pi n .65 .6 0 pk-3 . 55
LM307H
.so
7.9
40 pin .75 . 70 pk- 2 . 03
LM30BCIl . 45
LM7 09H . 39
LM309H 1. 05
LM710N . 45
POWERSUPPLY KIT
LM309K 1.1 5
LM7l1 N . 35
i"""".':::', """....
TRANSISTORS LM310Clf
. 75
LM723H .5 9
S.25e. 10/ S1. 65 25/ S3.25 100/ S12.OO LM310H . 75
Il'iV/ 2'tV CT tr"." sf or"_ r" . l-
2tjJ904 TO-92
LM723N . 49
L_l40T ..nd )- UtUOT I '
2N3906 PljP TO-92 1.25 10/11.65 25/53.25 l OO/S12. 00
LM3 1lCN . 39
LM733H .4 5 .. H"
2N22?2A hPtj TO- 18 S.45t ll 10/ 53. 50 2S/SB.OO l OO/ S29. 50
1.45 LM318crl LM739N .4 5 PAIIITS IN{' LUOl O ...
LM31911 1. 20 LM741CN .29
ea $17. 50
LM320K-5 . 95
LM741 29
DIODES LM320K-5. 2 . 95
LM741CH 45
1000 uf 10- 16. 00
1N4148 (ltl914) 400,..,. 15/ 51. 00 100/ 55. 00 1000/ S40. 00
LM320K-1 5
. 95
LM747H 79
10f ut 25.. 15. 00
1/14001 50PtV 12/51.00 100/ 17.00 1000/560.00
LM322N
.45
LM747N 69
l/ j4007 1000PI ', 10/5 1. 25 100/S1 1. 00 1000/ $10. 00 LM748Ctl .2 5
+ shipping
LM32411 1.1 9
LM1310N 2.,0
LM3 3911 . 25
LM1 414N .35
VOLTA-OlEAIQULA-TOR.
100; , OFF ON Sl5 .OO LM340K- 6 . 95
t
Lt11456C11 1.29
150; , OFF ON SSG.OO
LM340K- 8 . 95 LH1458CII . 55
CRYSTAL CONTROllEO TIME BAsE KIT
LM340K-1 2 . 95 LM149611 .89
LM320T- 5 Ne9dti ve 5 V re g ( 7905) 1. 19
LM340K- I5 . 95 LM1 800N 2.40
LM320T- 12 Ne9dti ve 12 V r e9 (7912) 1.1 9
.95 ULN2208 . 79
;l .. oducu . CClIrl t t 1h: , 10hZ lind 6nhz .:I ut ' lIU-
LM340K- 24 threl of ttle "'Ost f"C:l.If: 'lc1es fo" In/
LM320T- 15 Negat i ve 15 V re 9 (7915) 1.19
LM370N
. 95 ULIl2209 . 79 at ece of tlS t t"Ul ')l;ltnt. TI'f crys ta l f"11Ultlc:'
e
LM340T-5 Posit i ve 5 V reg (7805) 1. 19
LM37211
1. 25 CA30461, 1. 29
out :>ut Ny 0. t uned Nith fl'l QlHnc:, cOunt t r for
LM340T- 8 Positi ve 8 V re 9 (7808) 1. 19
LM376Cf,
. 10 CA3081N 1. 25
' nCrlu ed IIC Cur. c:!. All Ut buff t rtd.

LM340T- 12 PosHi .... 12 V re g (7812) 1.19
1.25
Tht II'IPut rl ngt h S- l ayoc. LO\ol
1.19
CA30821f rt QU1" l"'It nt otmlts t ht uSi of. 9Vbitttl')' u
lM340T-1 5 Pos i t i ve 15 V re g (7815) 1. 19
LM38011
LH3900N . 45 tht ;OW\Ir SOuret ' or l cOflyeni ent
Ltl380CN
. 45
LM752411 . 45
ufll t . The eeeet et ee bOUd i s JtSl':fI ed t o fit
LM381N
1. 75
tl'lt pca slots of '1UlllOnd cu e lS9IOG'f ..tIich
DISCRETE LED'S
-=.
LM38211
1. 75
LM7525N . 45
l EU HeckS.
0
lM385K
.4 9
LM7535 .39 ' '' RTS l litCLUCO
. '39 80388 3 79

LM386C1f buffe l"
JUHOO LED LM387Cf,
q9 75450N . 35
counte r $15. 50e d
. 20
Nd
i . , diTfu\ ed
f'[ 546A
1. 79
75451CN . 35 )- 12Df vl l". Cli D 10- 24 13. 75ea
Red, Ll ea r or White 10/ 11.00 25/52.00 100/ 5P. .00
1. 7. 5
75452CN . 35 Hof Cll'
25- 12. 500a
Gr een or re 11ow 7/ \1. 00 25/52.0; 100/ 59.75 N550A
75453CII . 35
. 1uf cl P
SUBH lHITUIl.( L(O LM555CII
. 45
75454CN . 35
res
11( 0hn "S
. di ffu \ cd l M5 56N . 79
75491N . 75 J .579Sol '''1: \:nHlIl
lied or Cle ar 10H1. 00 2S/S2 .00 l 00/! R.GO
LM, 60N 2. 95
75492N .8S
PC n 5':9" X r-:
ure en or 'fe llow 7/11.00 100/59. 75
.-
Payment by check , 11.0., UPS/ COO, M/C or VISA. Add $1. 25 lor
INTERNATlO:'\ AI. EI.ECTRO:,\ ICS l INI.IMITEJ)
s hi ppi ng/ handl in g in U S, Canada and f-'.e xi co. Addit i ona l char ge
435 Fir st St Sui te 19
for UPS COO or 8LUE LA8LE. Other Countr ie s SI 25 + 5: of or de r
Sol vang, Ca 93463
tot a l. Cal i for ni a reside nt s add sal es t ax. f1i n; mum orde r $10. 00
A:"I: l> (.OVl O RD ERS AC([ P1ED ON O Ff I( IAL
805-688-2747
I' lJ R(H.\ \1
CIRCLE 29 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
...
(0
CD
...
95
All units are brand new
from Sanyo.
MODEL 115-B-40SA
m .oo EACH
': ;._ .
$17.50
$ 3.00
$ 2.50
$ 0.60
RC 1458 $ 1.00
LM380 $ 1.80
LM340T-1 5 $ t.2o
NE565 $ 2.00
We alsohave transformer, capacitors set. resistors
set antenna transformer. Pleasecall for price.
Pre-Drilled PCBoard
TolriodCoils (Set of 4)
Multi TurnTrim-Pots 10Kohm
Trimmer Capacitor 6-35pF
MC1358 5 2.50
MC1 3S0 $ 2.00
MC1 330 $ 3.50
SANYO UHF
VARACTOR TUN ER
For UHF CH 14,..,83
Tuning voltage + lV,....+ 28V/D.C. lnput impedance 75
OH M. I.F. band width7- 16 MHZ. Noi sefigure 11 .SdB
MAX. Size 20/, " x I V." x W' . Suppiyvoltage 15VD.C.
Sound I.F. = S8.0 MHZ. Video I.F. = 62.SMHZ
Typical ratings
Operatingcase temp. 8S0C.
T.H.D. = O.S% f = 2Ot-- 20KHZ
Input resistance Po = 0.1W 30K,/t,
Power band width20HZ,...20KHZ
Freq. response 10HZ",,100KHZ
Output resistance= 8A
With built in protection circuit.
All units come withdata sheet.
PART OUTPUT(W) SUPPLY VOLTAGE PRI CE
STK040 10W+l0W Stereot 6VD.C. 514.50
STK041 15W+ISWStereo2 0V D.C. SI8.50
STK043 20W+20W Stereo22VD.C. $22.50
STKOS4 23 WADS 23V D.C. $13.50
STK056 30 WADS 22VD.C. S18.50
STK050 50 WADS 35V D.C. $26.50
STK070 70 WADS 42VD.C. $32.50
STK10S0 100WADS SOV D.C. 540.50
SANYO HYBRID AUDI O
POWER AMPLIFIER I.C
'
0

:'1'\
NIC120011 2 hr) $24.50 EA.
NIC2400 24hr) S26.50 EA ........
4 0l GITS
PERSONALCODE!!
SPECI AL$19.95
proximity
voltage
mechanically triggered
This alarm protects you and itself! Entering pro-
tected area will set it off, sounding your car horn
or siren you add, Any change in voltage will also
trigger the alarm into action. If cables within pas-
senger compartment are cut. the unit protects itself
by sounding the alarm. 3.WAYPROTECTION!
Alf units factory assembled and tested - Notakil l
MARK IVKIT$31 .50
$41.50 EACH KIT
.." _.
--_.. __.. - _.- - - - - .-.-
..;; . ..
, - j. ... . . ' . -- -
_.
--_ - _ _ __ ._-
----- _...
5W AUDIO AMP KI T
2 LM 380 with Volume Control
JlUIU ",Power Suply 6 18VDC
ONLY $6.00EACH
' $32.50 PER KIT
PROFESSIONAL
.... ANEL METERS
f
A. 0-50UA 8.50 ea.
B. 0-30VDC 8.50 ea.
n C. O-SOVDC 8.50 ea.
1
D. 0-3ADC 9.00 ea.
E.-0-1OOVDC 9.00 ea.
All meters white face with black
scales. Plastic cover.
--------------- -.. ...... ....-
0 - \ . , _ ,
_I _
----------- ----
All functions same asMarkIVbutthisiswithheavy duty
aluminumfront plateandcase. Canbeeasilyslot intothe
front panel ofyourauto, truck orboat. Operateson12VDC.
MARK I V 15 STEPS
LED POWER LEVEL
INDICATOR KIT
This newstereo level indicator kit consists of 36 4-
color LED (15 per channel) to indicate the sound
level output of youramplifier from- 36dB - + 3dB.
Comes with a well-designed silk screen printedplas-
tic panel and has a selector switchto allow floating
or gradual output indicating. Power supply is 6
12V D.C. with THG on board input sensitivity con-
trols. This unit can workwith any amplifier from l W
10200W!
Kit includes 70 pes. driver transistors, 38 pes.
matched 4-color LED, all other electronic compon-
ents, PC board and front panel.
CIRCLE 5 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
BATTERY POWERED
FLUORESCENT LANTERN
MODEL 888R FEATURES
3
.Circui try: designed for operation by high
efficient, high power silicon transistor
. I which enable ill umination maintain in a
, standard tevel even the battery suppl
y
... _
. drops to a certain low voltage.
9" 6W cool /dayli ght miniature fluores-
cent tube.
8 x l.SV UM-l (size D) dry cell battery.
Easy sliding door for changing batteries.
$1050EA Stainless reflector with wide angle in-
. creasing lumination of the lantern.
30W+30W STEREO
HYBRID AMPLIFIER KIT .
It works in 12VDC aswell! Kit includes 1 PC STK-043 stereopower amp. ICLM14S8 as pre amp,
all other electronic parts, PC Board, all controi
pots and special heat
sink for hybrid. Power
t ransformer not in-
cluded. It produces ultra
hi-Ii output up to 60
watts (30 watts per
channel) yet gives out
less than0.1% total har-
monic distortionbetween
100Mz and 10KHz.
0 .5" LED Uilll
ALARM CLOCK MODULE
ASSEMBLED! NOT AKITI
Features: 4 digits 0.5" LED Displays 12 hours
reai time lormat 24 hours alarm audio output
59min. countdown timer ' 10min. snooze control.
ONLY$7.00 EACH
SPECIALTRANSFORMER
FOR CLOCK
$2.50
.i:x MARK V 15 STEPS
r.:tr LED POWER OUTPUT
INDICATOR KIT
BUY 2 FOR
$4.99
TA100o KIT
$51.95
Power
transformer
$18.00 each
Model 968
$4.50 each
All boardsarepre-assembled and tested. Your whistle to
its FET condenser microphone from adistance. asfaras
30 feet away (sensitivity can beeasily adj usted) will
turntheswitch on, thenlatched you whistletoit again
then it turnsoff. Ideal for remote control toys. electrical
appli ancesuch aslights. coffee pots. TV. Hi-Fi, radioor
otherprojects. Unitworks on 9V D.C.
...
., ';r,::
to ., \ -'.
. 1 .
NEW MARK III
9 Steps4 Colors
LED VU
Stereo level indicator kit with arc-shape display
panel!!! This Mark III LED l evel indicator is a new
design PC boardwith an arc-shape 4 colors LED dis-
play (change color from red, yellow, green and the
peak output indicated by rose). The power range is
very large, from- 30dB to + SdB. The Mark III in-
dicator is applicable to 1 watt - 200wattsamplifier
operating voltage is 3V - 9V DC at max 400MA. The
circuit uses 10 LEDs per channel. It is veryeasy to
connect to the ampli fier. Just hook up with the
speaker output!
INKITFORM S18.50
WHISTLE ACTIVATED
SWITCH BOARD
2 WATT AUDIO AMP
Pre assembled units. All you need is to hook up the
speaker andthevolumecontrol. SupplyvollageIrom 9,..,
lSV D.C. measures only 2" x 3'12", making it goodfor
portable or discret e applications. Comes with hook up
data.
l00W CLASS A
POWER AMP KIT
Dynamic Bias Class " A" circuit design makes this
unit unique in its class. Crystal clear, 100 watts
power output will satisfy the most pickyfans. A per-
fect combination with the TA-l 020 low T.I.M. ste-
reo pre-amp.
Specifications:
Output power: 100W RMS into 8-ohm
12SW RMS into4-ohm
Frequency response: 10Hz - 100 KHz
T.H.D.: less than 0.008%
SIN rati o: better than80dB
Input sensitivity: IVmax.
Power supply: 40V@ Samp
REGULATED VARIABLE
D.C. POWER SUPPLY KIT
Uses UA723 I.C. and 2N305S power Iransistor as
regul ator. Ou tput voltages can beadjusted from 1r-30V
at aninternal resislanceof less than O.OOSohm;ripple
and noise less than1 MV; withbuilf onboard LED and
audible overload indicator. KitcomeswithP.C. board; all
electroniccomponents. translormer; connectors; 2panel
metersfor vollageandamp; a professional look metal
cabinet andinstructions.
Model TR-8aAO---lSV D.C. 3 amp
Model TR-88BOW30V D.C. 2 amp
$59.50
perkit
SUB M INI SIZE FET
CONDENSER MICROPHONE
'-
Specification:
Sensi tivi ty: - 6SdB 3db
FEQ. Response: SOHz 8 KHz
Output Impedance: lK ohm max.
. Polar Pattern: Omni directional
Power Supply: 1.SV 10VD.C.
SoundPressureLevel: Max. 120dB
EM4RP $2.50 ea. or 2 for $4.50
!II ." . - .i. '- -
.:...4.:. . ,, ;:.. ..::..
- -- _.
en
g
Z
o
a:
I-
o
UJ
..J
UJ
6
Ci
<l::
a:
96
FLUORESCENT LIGHT
DRIVER KIT
12VDC POWERED
Lights up 8 Watt Fluo-
rescent Light Tubes. Ideal
for camper, outdoor, auto or
boat. Kit includes highvolt-
age coil, power transistor.
heat sink, all other electro-
WithCase Only nic partsand PC Board, light
$6.50 Per Kit tube not included!
BATTERIES
PK/$10.00 CAOMIUM
2 PKS/$19.00 ' . BATTERY
ILLUSTRATED . PACK
LESS COVER --J:'J '0' SIZE
Output : 3.6 Volt. @ 3.0 Amp/ Hour. Consistsof three each.
1.2 VO-It " 0" size Nickel Cadmi um Ce lls stacked and plastic
film encapsulated. Tabs are provided at each end for elee-
..__.......__
IY4" dia. x 7" long. New. Shpg. Wt. each pack, 1 lb.
S1.20
S1.40
S1.80
S1.80
SZ.20
S2.20
S2.50
S2.80
S3.80
SUB MINIATURE
TOGGLE SWITCH
6 AMP 125V A.C.
SPOT
SPDTMOMENTARY
OPOT
DPDT MOMENTARY
DPDT(CENTER OFF)
3POT
3POT(CENTEROFF)
4PDT
4POT (CENTER OFF)
NI-CD BATTERY SALE
12VPack 450 MZ/HRSize3" xI" x2"
$8.00 PER PACK
4 AA Pack 450 MAIHR
$3.50 PERPACK
All above batteries areused butlatedate
code andwegJarantee totake backallbad onesforexchange.
PRESS-A-LIGHT SELF
GENF:RATED FLASHLIGHT
EXCLUSIVE!! $3.95 ea Never worry about battery,
Model F179 because it has none! Easy
to carry i n pocket andhandy
to use. Ideal for emergency
li ght. It generates its own
electricity by squeezing grip
lever. Put one in your car.
. ....._-.. boat, camper or home. You
mayneed it sometime!
SUPER FM WIRELESS
MIC KIT - MARK III
This newdesigned circuit uses high
FEO. FET transistors with 2 stages

amp. Transmits FM Range (88-
120 MHz) up to 2 blocks away and
/ with the ultra sensitive condenser ..-....:::!!!!!!::=
microphone that comes with the kit.
- . allows you to pick up any sound
within 15 ft. away! Kit includes all
FMC-l OS electronic parts, OSC coils, and P.C.
$11.50 PER KIT Board. Power supply 9VD.C.
l U01 CRENS HAW BLV D. , H AWTHO RNE , CA 1 0 250
"HO N E : (l U ) 17J-11Z1 (2:13 ) 1"5112
.....
<0
co
.....
-
Mini size1/f x 'I." X 314"
Supplyvoltage 1.5V- 12V
Ideal for Alarmor Tone Indicator
BIPOLAR LED RED/GREEN
2 colors in one LED, green and red, changes color
when reverse voltage suoolv. Amazing!
ZFOR $2.20
1 WATT AUDIO AMP#,
All parts are pre-assembled on a b
mini PC Board. Supply Voltage 6 .
9V D.C. SPECI ALPRI CE $1.95 ea.
ELECTRONIC SWITC
CONDENSERTYPE
TouchOn Touch Off
uses 7473 I.C. and
12V relay
$5.50 each
ULTRASONIC
- SWITCH KIT
Kit includes theUltra Sonic Transducers, 2 PC Boards
for transmitter and receiver. All electronic parts and
instructions. Easy to build and a lot of uses such as
remote control for TV, garage door, alarmsystem or
counter. Unit operates by 9-12 OC. $15.50
COMPLETE TIME MODULE
0.3" digits LCD Clock Module with month
@)
and date, hour, minute and seconds. As
6
us well as stop watch function!! Battery
, and backup light is with the module.
. . Size of themodule is 1" dia. Ideal foi
use in auto panel, computer, instrument
andmany others! $8.95EACH
SOUND ACTIVATED SWITCH
All parts completed on a PC Board ..
SCR will turn on relay, buzzer or
trigger other circuit for 2 - 10 sec.
(adjustable). Ideal for use as door
alarm, sound controlled toys and
many other projects. Supply voltage
4.5V 9V D.C. 2 for $3.00
PUSH-BUTTON SWITCH
NI Open Contact
Color: Red, White, Blue, Green, Black
3/$1.00
, ..... NIClosealsoAvailable
50C each
.\ LARGE OTY. AVAILABLE
I
?k- HEAVY DUTY
\ CLIP LEADS
, \) 10 pairs - 5 colors All igator clips on a
22" long lead. Ideal for any testing.
$2.20/ pack
CIRCLE 5 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD 97
Ohio Scienti fic Computer Products
CIPSeries 2 $459.00
Withmonitor/TV combo $599.00
CIPMFSeries 2 $1225.00
withmonitor TV/combo $1349.00
software, includingaseries of lessons to
help get you startedandamusic program
and graphics target game. Many schools
anduniversrties are usingtheSuper Elf as
acourse of study. OEM's useit for training
and R&D. A monthly newsletter, Quest-
data isdevoted excl usively to software for
theSuperElf andtherearemanysoftware
books availableat lowcost. Youcando a
tremendous amount with the software
availableand there is morecoming every
day. Of course, you can do your own
programming which is fun and very
rewardinq .
Free 14 Page Brochure
Send or call for a free brochure on all
details and pricing of theSuper Elf and its
expansi on. We will get it right out to you!
60HzCrystal Time Base Kit $4.40
Converts digital clocks from AC line frequency
tocrystal time base. Outstanding accuracy.
Rockwell AIM 65 Computer
4K version $450.00
TheQuest Super Elf is theright choice for
the person whohas a need to learn more
about computers , froman understanding
of thehardware and howit goes together
to beginning programmi ng wrth machine
language on up through basic.
Tremendous Value
TheSuper Elf is a tremendous valueasit
combines video, digitaldisplays, LED dis-
plays, and music, all onasingleboardfor
$106.95. Its uniqueability for singlestep
debugging, display of state and mode of
thecomputeranddisplayof addressing as
aninexpensive option gives it an" easy to
use" capability not available anywhereat
the price.
Inexpensive Expansion
The Super Elf expansion capabil ity is
virtually unlimited and you can dort inex-
pensively one step at a ti me. Expansion
includes cassette interface, additional
memory, color video, Basi c, ASCII key-
board, printer, floppy, S-100bus, RS232,
etc.
Strong Software Support
TheSuper Elfcomes completewithpower
supply and detailed 127page instruction
manual which includes over 40 pages of
RCA Cosmac 1802 Super Elf Computer Kit $106.95
Video Modulator Kit $9.95
Convert TVset into ahigh QualitymonrtQ( w/o
affecting usage. Compokitwlfullinstruc.
Multi-volt Computer Power Supply
8v 5amp, :!:18v .5 amp. 5v 1.5amp, - 5v
.5 amp, 12v .5amp, - 12voption. :!:5v, :!: 12v
areregulated. Basic Kit$29.95. Kit withchassis
andall hardware$43.95. Add S4.ooshipping. Kit
of hardware $14.00. Woodgrai n case $10.00.
51 .50 shipping.
Modem Kit $60.00
State ofthe art, ong.. answer. No tuning neces-
sary. 103 compatible 300 baud. Inexpensive
acoustJc coupler plans included. Bd. only 517.00.
zao Microcomputer
16bitI/O. 2MHz clock, 2K RAM. ROM8read-
board space. Excellent for control. Bare Board
$28.50. Fuli Kit$99.00. Monitor $20.00. Power
Supply Ki t $35.00. TIny Basic$30.00
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
74U OOTTt MOloMfMOIIIY""1ll
' ''OM
.'1110",0(111.0111 Ie IOtUTI DlSI'lAYUOS
'"''''''
"
1101'
'"
,,.,, .., .,,, 10 "'!fIr n_Lt . htIll. .... t A 110190
l (l S02frf
"
2101,'
"
,/0, n, ....
",
""
1U' I'1N
'"
I,lAlt) CC 12\
"
H lSl)( frf
"
l 1Q2At
I"
]1 1611
" ..
,m
'"
,
"
"
1O I,lA", ' 21( CAt... XO 1 00

"
21a7Afrf2t .., 1116 veil
""
....
'"
" "
,.
"
CC XO 1

"
]llH A.
."
' 2116 00
"" ""
" "
11
., Dt l0 TOt 1(l7A CA XO \00
1<t tS1OH
"
21078 4
'"
11ll
"..
""
..,
" " "
.. Ot12r l1. ( ACt 5(0 190
74t Sli fr(
"
2111'
' "
".. '."
"" '" " "
.,
"
CACC 6(.0 ,

' ..
21122
'"
' 741A
"..
......
'"
... u 10 ffrlOWJ CC 1 /0
74l S2O'ol
'"
2114
' "
' 7.' "..
-
""
WlIUWf'''UYH3
FltD!lOCI !I07 CeCA 500 IH
741..$11'1
"
2114l JOi)rl\ 4 2!l '7 41'
"..
... aoo F"D!lCl
"

"

"..
'"
."
"" ""
F"' DIOO lll l cco 100110
7.lSXlfrl
"
. 1161(JOn\
'"
Id1 513
'" "" ""
..
" "
16 ..
141SJ3" .. '., 16 1OC1ft\ )HIO
II US I 1) "
' " ""
", "
"
11 ,..

'" 74l 531"
"
..
11118 15111
'"
'lU
' "
\I
"
.,
'"

"
' . t 514\1
" """"
'00
"min
'"
1116 >OJ
C" YSTAt S
Tlt 311 Hu
'"

" """'"
."
"I1SI3 1
' " ""
,.,

."
CC 1Il
..,
74l.S9Ofrt .. 1oI.\l)JJO
".
1i11151)i
' " ""
."
l1li" "'. 610 " .,
'" 74l.5'11l1
"
P{)4110 ) ... Iil U Sll ,
'"
"" '"
' "'"
." III"/II4641J CC 40
'" 74tS9YC '00 P04110 . ,.. ol,ln n
'" ""
" .. ..'"
. " l,I"ltH l0 U t o
"
14tSl07Jrl
"
PSIOIl
'"
113
",
"" ' "
S l,I"l .
CC 40
'"
10 .......1
." UtSl12"
.,
."" ."
"" ""
" l,I1'11 JO'
l,IAW40 CC"
'"

"
"S 19' "'.
. , S
".'"
JO'
l,IA",71Q
" ..
'" Ut5l)2tf .. tl101 A
,"
I m llUCI
l 102CP pin 1]
32 ","1
lO'
"' '' IfSHO CC"
'"

"
H0016!lo!lo
'"
...,
"
llOlDP"", Hn
321611<1 ...
.. l,Il,l!lo 11OQ
."
....
"
1161'
'"
I &411 t,l ",
'I' t t ,
G!A'fJl!lOO19n ...,
"
CDllllOXO ...
1 "' '' 1
'"
KIYIOAJI OS
14l.5157111 t r,
'I9S ....
"
tOl'l1Ol0
".. 2 0100 IIHl
'"
l ty A.SOl ofJbNrd I I
'" ''
Ttt51 61ft t t ,
"" '"
'10' ,"

'"
2 Qi71H 1I>(r
."
f ...., n wmbtt'<l
""
..,
,,'"
.... ITI O
." 24 !t11hl'11
."
....
Ht511t ll
I"
'"
"..
sru
'"
31TM "'1otl
."
f "" n u 'l'lbit'J /0 ..
1415l t(i/rl
'"
BT"
'"
IUSI$tOIU -, S06II IIHl ."
E"(lOko' t PlUH ,.
7.tS12111
'"
IT13
n' 10 Pfr I'llI 0) S II!l l,l1otl ."

" "
,..
, T2.
' "
;tS Pf( t, pe OlS 7lt 3 Ioh 11
'I' 7.t5J67Jrl
"

'"
100 Pfr tt1lt 6 S!lJ6 l,l'1: ."
LinearCMOSand7400
BT,. ...
1000 Pf( 1, 1lI 012 ,. )I " . ...>t:
'"
,m
' "
lSO poeu 1)'( 1 1'02 1,4"1 ."
completelinesInstock.
1t'l7
'"
ll l l" /llti/ ."
BT"
...
Send forcatalog.
' J * , " S' .pe' llpe os
TERMS: $5.00 min. order U.S. Funds. Calif resldenls add6% lax. FREE: Send for your copy of our NEW 1980
, $10.00 min. and Masler Charge accepted. $1.00Insurance opllonal._ . OUEST CATALOG. Include slamp.
Poslage: Add 5 Y. C.O.D. $10.00 min. order. .
CIRCLE 7 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
(f)
o
Z
o
a:
t-
O
W
-l
W
I
o
o

a:
98
V..:....- 8115VAC NEONS. NE2 typelamps wlreSislor-Amber lens. (. 67931. . . . . 16 lor S3__Z5-SLI OESWITCHES. vartcusshapes, sl"', andfypes(.Z726). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Z.99 !lO lor 53
1= .. .. "... . . . .. 2.99 == .. ". ..:: : I
1
_ 5-JUMBO SWITCHBANK. 3 0POT& , ne-6POT, ganged wlrellecfor button ('6814) 299 10 lor S3 __ZO-SLI OEVOLUME CONTROLS, variousvalues & types, for HI-Fi, elc. (.3057) . . . , Z.99 40 lor 53 1
_ 25MICRO SWITCHES. Asst. SPST& SPOT rate<lIZ5V G 5A. spade terminals('6815 ) 299 50 lor S3 __50-UPRIGHTELECTROS, 100%, asserted values & voltages. marke<l , (.3ZZ6). . . . Z.99 100
60
1I',rr 5
S3 3
1
1_ 410ABAR TOGGLES. Ass\, SPST. & OPOT handles. eyelet terminals, 1_68161 299 8 for 53__30-PANEl SWITCHES, assorted rotary, micro, slide, etc. (#6629). . 2.99
1= \ & '.'. . ' : : : : : 1 II
1__50.POWERTABTRANSISTORS, plastic NPN, TO-2ZO, asst. types, unleste<l, (.24Z5) . . . . . . Z.99 100 lor 53__4-2N3055 NPNTRANSISTORS, 115 watts, 15 amps, TO-3, 100" material, (.6633) Z.99 8 for 53
1== : : : : : : : : : : I .. . :::: 1 UI
1- - IIi
P
-i
"
pJ;;te . : : : 0 I 53
1== ". " 2:99 ) :::: ... 2.99 $3 I
1== ('3369) . .: : : 3D for S3-- 25-PLASTIC POWERS, Z5watt. npn& pnp, 50-200bvcbo, TO-220. ('6Z37) . .. ;g I-
1__2-S0UNO TRIGGERS, soundactIvated amp, SCR Irtggere<l, on 3" board, (.3625). . 2.99 4 lor S3__9-01GIT READOUTS, IIat pak wlbubble mag. .IN' high. 14 pin. (.5558) . 2.99 18 for 53 I
I== 38
45
). . : . . I
1_ _ 150-FEEOTHRU CAPS. assortedtypes & si",. lor RF, UHF, etc. (. 5668A) . . . . . . . . .. Z.99 300 for 53__15-RCA PHONO JACKS, popular Hi-Fi lack,n a Bakelite slrip. (.6Z30) ' . y . . 2.99 30 for S3 I
175 1' WAn RESISTORS asstd carbons carbo-films some5"", (.5797A) 299 350 for 53__150-"4000" RECTIFI ERS, tN4000series, mayinclude; 50 1'1000V, ('Z417) Z.99 300 for 53 1
1==100:PlESSYCAPS. ceramic blocksin asSorted sizes&values, (#6221) : : : . . .: 2:99 200 for $3__SO-AXIALElECTROS, asst.values, volts, sizes, What a buy! (#3227) " . . . 2.99 100 for 53 I
1_ _ 25-NE-2BULBS, ne, n. for 110VA'C, requICes reSlSlor, (not incl.) (. 2613) Z.99 50 for 53-- 3-SHIELOEO AUDIO CABLES. Z cond., wilhRCA plugsat each end, (.6412). . . . . . . . . 2.99 6 for S3
I== :: : : : : . . . : : : :: I
1__15-CRYSTALS, assortedtypes, someH6/U, somefrequency marke<l , (.6Z56). . . . . . . .. 2.99 30 for S3--30-SCRs & TRIACS, morte<l values, 10 Amp TO-220, unteste<l , ('6337) .. 2.99 60 for 53 f'
1= . . I
I : : :. n' : . . . UI
I== : : : . = WcmC5ecJ' :: 1 I
, __4-HEAVY DUTY LI NE CORDS. w.hite. 2 condo6 It . 16 gauO', (.6292). Z99 8 for 53- _ 4-CHROME PlATEOALARM SWITCH, spst, N.C. momentary, (.6742) Z.99 8 lor 53 I
1
__20-SINGLE PIN LEOS. green, styl. ,}V 10mA, 100" , (.6Z93I. 2.99 40 for 53 - 200-PRE-FORMEO DiSCS, caps wlleadsfor PCuse, mixedvalue" (.2605). . . . . . . . . . Z.99 400 for S3 I
__30-LEOITRANSISTOR SOCKETS, snap-to , 3 pc leads, for TO-5,18,46,etc. (.6297) 2.99 60 for 53 _ 10-RESISTORLEOS, asst. red. gr..n & y.II,w jumbos, 5V, ('67611 2.99 0 ZooO ffo,rr 5$33
1
_
1__2OO-PRECISION RESISTORS, lOW. 1" , axial (.2428) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.99 400 lor 53_ _ 100-2 WATT RESISTORS. assortedcarbons. filmseic. some5" (.62381.....: : 2.99
I I
I * lUI FREE REmIUIDS!! POlYPAHI: I
I Tot al Amount of Ord er S [I '
I A Six Piece Screwdriver Set with Pl ea. eAdd S3for Postage& Handli ng
I ..--------= any Order Totaling $25 or morel NAME T I
ADDRESS I
I _ . For Faster Service Order By Phone CITY I
I 1-617-245-3828 STATE ZIP I
Enclosed Is 0 CHECK, 0 MONEY ORDER
I Charg e my 0 MASTERCARD 0 VISA I
I ORDERING INSTRUCTIONS 'mlleata Quantity In front of Jumbo Pak O..lr ad. I
__
-0 CIRCLE 43 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
IMOoQIK.yvo!unwdlKCll.III'and W 'o'1(' ctor Vf! \c n\impl. ,ooppl , Mo\" ' l!'rn\'looIdb,OoQo lC..., mo, twcomb<ntdf (ll'o ..-olumed'KounI Irf'l\"lt t ho' ore not d' \COlII'lt ob'- or ..,r,t..clby Thf SERVICI. CHARGES VOLUME DISCOUNT
\ uff,. NDfOUOlflllng Aft" ..wn'll"IllyOUford.... to'ol 01 of ttIPd<'WOlII'ltob!PIrPm\ and owl, , t!to 099' opt IOT. dl\CaunT I o , hi\ loubro'oI add ttw I'IQtI d'\COlII'lTQbl . ,TfIM 5 0.00.$ 9 .99 . . Add \ ' 00 ' 0 .00 5 99.99 NET
1M Sv 1Cf' W. poy all \ hoPPII'Q ond InwQf'C' ' 0 orl ItIPU SA (Of'Odo and M,,"O( o .... ..... n po, _I'IToccompon,.\ oro..o 5 10 .00 $2$.00 . Add SO.7$ 5 100 .00 5249 . 99 L." 10 ee
WHIM OIDIIIHG IT 'HOIlI. CAll I 1IOO3US144 1M All H, . e.a 211 '" "'41 Iy '" ..., , Mr ..MI t. DIGlln. M,,11.., 32 _tit.fW. lli,.. f MH Ul01 5 25 .00.$49.99 . Add SO.50 , 250.00 5499.99 l en 15
You me, po, b, chK k. mont, ordlf . Mo\t... CharV. VISAor C OD D/G/KEY GUARANTEE: Any par i, or produ(t\ purchoW'dfrom Dot;II Ie., ThoTprov, Ta lMo . ,11 lMo 5 50.00599.99 . . . . Ad d $D. n s 500 005999.99 Le\\ '20
e
e
r" "" or r.tund.-d It ""t"'"9(1 doy\ from MTh 0 copy Clf , _ .mo." $100.00& Up . . . . " 0 Charge " l 0G0 .DO&.Up Le n 25
e
e
.....
CD
CO
.....
s::
:>
JJ
o
:I:
Cat.Ne .
'6200-Kil
ONLY
$35
95
CAT. NO.
JOSOl' -lit
ON"
$35
95
f"l'r.
ltO
$79
95
.. ..
'"
".
\'\1
..
DlC.I.!? Pr' U't/ Prutn,,... ,, ...
'''.,,,
hlIo ......... .
__' 01' 10
_ ... '1 .
, . .. . _0<1 ..... ' liN __ ..
_ . CooLo " "' K\ ,
. _ . " :II
,-"."\ ,.
"..." , n ;It
.".." I J ' ,.
' ..... . t . ' ,.
-"" ,. 'nf ' I I 01
"01 ' 01 I I ,.
" .un " ..
" 01101 I . ..
"....' ., ..
":II ....
no" ;:
...
..
..
.J
.,.
" 1 :11
.,.
...'.
.. .
_.
. M ...
-
.. ...
'"
... ., ., ...
... .,
"
...
...
" "
...
... .. . ..
'l!1@2iltit'tl'.1J!!
if
lil,j.tt!1
............. -...."... ..... .,.. .... __. _......__..-._. __.._..-
'"--'-
u. (J, , "'O;......
u u " ( '1_ ..
u .. c ,
IJml.[l[][I'1.11
mlillIJmOOl
.. 4 'nilS .HOHI OCH IOAI O(O"HI(lO.'

< t: ,..n': 'I' : u:; " '; ..
, '" (l" , ... l< . '... "' I o Jl,. .
':: g:: :;;::: ::::
n " I,n ' " 'I" Jolo N n" p , ' " .
to,. c.,. ' '' :1'_* _ " " . ,.. .
"' .. I' " ' H JO . m N "JO .)o ,.
........ '_.(,t!..lll! .. ,l' ..
miRE
--
n ."
..
..;.101 .. _ .....
CIRCLE 35 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
99
LINEAR
4.75 LM103CN .89
6. 05 LM340T-5 1.25 LM709N .29
.79 LM340T-12 1.25 LM710N . 79
1.39 LM340T-15 1.25 LM711N .79
2.49 LMJ41P-S .15 LM723N .69
35.80 LM341P-12 . 75 LM733N 1.00
1.19 LM341P-15.75 LM139N 1. 19
2.19 LM342P-5 .69 LM7<41CN .35
36.80 LM342P-12 .69 MC1741SCG 3.00
.')9 LM342P- 15 .69 LM147N .79
. 35 LM348N 1.25 LM7.(8N .59
1.95 LM3S0K 5. 75 LMI0i<4 N 2. 75
1.95 LF35I N .60 LM1310N 1.95
.99 LF35J N 1.00 LMI458C N .S9
.45 LF355N 1.10 LMI488N 1. 25
1.00 LF356N 1. 10 LM1489N 1.25
1.95 LM358N 1.00 LM I<496N 1.95
1.25 LM359N 1.79 LMI5$6V 1. 75
1. 75 LM310N .... '.1 LMl SOON 2.95
.90 LM373N 3.25 LMI 8nN-9 3.25
2..(9 LM317N 2.95 LMl m N 3.20
1.15 LM 380N 1.25 LMI896N 1. 75
1.75 L MJ81N 1.95 LM2002T 1.<49
3.95 LM382N 1.79 LM28n p 2.OS
1.95 LM384N 1.95 LM2878P 2. 25
1.95 LMJ86N 3 1. 29 LM2896P-l 2. 25
1.35 LM387N 1.45 LM3119N 2.95
1.35 LM389N 1.3S LM3900N .69
1.35 LM392N .69 LM39Q5CN 1.25
1.25 LFJ98N 4.00 LMJ909N 1.15
1.25 LMl99H 5.00 LM3914N 3.95
1.25 <4 .49 LMJ915N 3.95
5.95 T L496CP 1.15 LMJ916N 3.95
. ')9 NE510A 6. 00 RC4136N 1.25
.65 NE 529A <4 .95 RC4151NB 3.95
3.95 NE531H 3.95 RC<4194TK 5. 95
1.30 NE 536H 6.00 RC4195TK 5. 49
1.40 N E540H 6.00 K 84428 .(.25
1. 75 NES44N 4.95 K B4429 5.95
1.95 NE 550A 1.30 LM<45OOA 3.25
1.15 NE 555V . 39 ICL80J8B <4 .95
6.95 LM556N . ')9 LMl 3080N 1.29
.')9 NE 564N 3. 95 LMI 3600N 1.49
1. 35 LM565N 1.25 1S138N 1.95
1.35 LM566CN 1.95 75450N .89
1.35 LM561V 1.25 75451CN .39
74C
.39 74C240 2.25
. 39 7<4 CI06 . 75 74C244 2.2S

.39 74CI54 3.95 74C901 .89
.39 74C157 2.25 74C903 1.15
1.39 74CI60 1.69 74C911 10.95
l.95 14C161 1.60 74C912 lU5
. 79 74C162 1.49 74C915 1.69
. 19 7<4 C163 1.69 74Ci 17 10. 95
1.95 14Cl64 1.59 7.(C922 5.49
.99 74C173 1.39 74C923 5. 75
6.95 14CI14 1. 39 74C925 7.50
1.29 74CI 75 1.39 74C926 7.50
1.29 74C192 1.69 8OC% .19
LS9 14C193 1.69 8OC91 .79

Part No . F unction P ri ce
70451P I C MOS Preci si o n T im e r 1<4.95
700t5EV/Klt * St opw at ch Ch ip , XT L 22.95
7l 06CPL 3lh D ig it A/D ( LCD Dri ve ) 16. 95
7l06EV/ Klt * IC, Circu it Board , Dis pl ay 34.95
7l0 7CPL 3* Di gi t A/ D ( L E D Dri ve) 15.95
H07EV/Kit* IC, Circ uit Boa rd, Qi splay 28.95
1116CPL 3lh Di g it AID LCD 015. HLD. 18.95
1111C P L D ig it A/D L EO 0 15. H L D. 11.95
72011DR Lo w Ba ttery Volt Ind ic at o r 2.25
72C6IPG CMOS L E D S t opw at ch /Tl me r 12.95
1205EV/ Klt * St cowat c h Ch ip, XT L 19.95
7205CJ PE T o ne Ge n e rator 5. 15
72Q6CEV/Klt* T o n e Ge ne ra t o r Chip, XT L 9.95
7207A I PD o sctuat cr Con t ro lle r 6. 50
1207AEV/K lt* F re Q. Cou nt er Chip, XT L 11.10
72C61Pl seven Decade Co u n t er 17.95
7209IPA Clo ck Ge ne rat o r 3.95
n 151PG 4 F u n c. CMOS Stopwatc h C KT 13.95
n I5EV/Klt* 4 F u n c. St opwatch Ch ip , XT L 19.95
7216A IJ I a-D ig it Unl v. Cou nt er C. A. 32.00
n 16C 1J I a-D igi t F rc Q. Co un t er C. A. 26.95
7216D IP I a-D ig it Fr e q , Cou nt er C. C. 21.95
72l1 IJ I 4- Dlg lt LE D Up/Dow n Count e r 12_95
nUC IJ I 8- Dlgl t unt v. LED Dri ve 10.95
72241PL LCD 4\', Dig it Up Co u nt e r DRI 11.25
7226AIJ L aDlgi t un!v. Counter 31.95
7226A EV/Klt* 5 F u n ct io n Count e r Chip, X T L 7<4 .95
7240IJE CM O S Bin Pr og . T im er / Co un t e r <4 .95
72421JA CM OS Dlvld e -b Y' 256 RC Timer 2.05
7250lJ E CMO S BCD P ro g . Tim e r/C o u nte r 6.00
7260IJE CM0 5 BCD Prog. T imer/ Cou nt er 5.25
7S5SIPA CMOS 555 T imer (8 p in ) 1.<45
75561PO C MOS 556 T imer (14 p in ) 2.20
7611BCPA CMOS O p A m p Comparat or 5MV 2. 25
7612BCPA CMOS Op A m p Ex t . Cmvr. 5MV 2.95
7G21BCPA CM OS Du al OP A m p Compo 5MV 3.95
7631CC PE CMOS Tr l O p A mp Com p o 10MV 5.35
7&41CCP D CMOS Q ua d Op A mp Cam p. 10MV 7.50
7642CCPD CMOS Qua d Op Amp Camp. 10MV 7.50
1660CP A Voltage c on vert er 2.95
lI069CCQ SOppm Ba nd -GAP V o lt Re f. Di o d e 2.50
8211CPA Vo lt Ref / In dica to r 2.50
8212CPA Volt Re f /Ind ica t or 2.50
* I NT E R5 I L' S EV A LUAT IO N K ITS
LHOOQ2C N
LMI0CLH
LMllCLH
LHOO70-0 H
TL071CP
TL072CP
T L074C N
L H0082C D
T L082CP
TL084CN
LHOO94 CD
LM300H
LM301C N
LM302H
LMJ04H
LM305H
LMJQ7CN
LM308C N
LM309H
LM309K
LM310C N
LM311H
LM312H
LM317MP
LMJ17T
LM317K
LMJl 8C N
LM319N
LM32'OK-5
LM 320K12
LM320K-15
LM32'OT-5
LM320T-12
LM320T-15
LM123K-5
LM124N
LMJ29D Z
LMD I N
LM334Z
LM135Z
LM.1J6Z
L M337T
LM337MP
LM3J8K
LM339N
LM340K-5
LM340K-12
LM340K-15
74COO
7<4C02
7<4C04
7<4 C08
7<4 CI0
7.(C14
74C20
74C30
74C.(2
74C48
74C73
14C14
74C85
74C!6
7.(C19
74C90
7<4 C93
74C95
51>100
.2<
.25
.30
.42
.at
1.15
1. 30
...
I '
.I '
z. n
2. n
:t.n
Pa r t No .
830p lOOK
aJOplOOK
8JOP-500K
83OP-IMeg
.I ,
I ::::
..U
.I '
t-ws
25-49
. 25
.27
. 32
.45
.90
1.26
1.45
50 pc. . $1.95
50 pc . . $1.95
SOLDERTAIL
STANDARD (TIN)
XCll lR . 190" r ed 51S1
XCll l G .190" gr een 41SI
XCl 11Y :190" y e llow 41S1
XC l 11C . 190" c lear 41S1
1-2<
. 27
.30
.35
. 49
.ss
1.39
1.59
"
"
"
"
"
..
I!!(Da H"' DIl:: .
RL-2 . . $ .39 ea. or 3/$1 .00
WIRE WRAP SOCKETS
(GOLD) LEVEL # 3
1-24 50-100
.59 .54 .49
.69 .63 .58
. 79 .73 .67
.85 . 71 . 70
.99 .90 .81
1.19 1.08 .99
1.49 1.35 1.23
1.39 1.26 1.14
1.69 1.53 1.38
2.19 1.99 1. 19
2.2'9 2.09 1.89
"
"
"
. 000000... . O VOl.TAGI t 0lr01' 'oO\N$
I H IMI" TIV1 . 00000.... D
...X
1<4 pi n ST
16 p in S T
18 p in ST
24 pi n 5 T
28 p in 5 T
36 pi n ST
40 pi n S T
a c te ww
10 p ln WW
14 ct n ww
16 p in WW
18 nrnww
20 pl n WW
22 p inWW
24 p in WW
28 pin WW
36 p l nWW
40 plnWW
."
10 10
" M
" M
."
. 31
.41
...
.48
.69
.90
1.26
1.45
51>100
MV50 .085" r e d 6/$1
X C209 R . 125" red 5/$1
XC209G .125" gree n 4/$ 1
XC209Y .125" ye ll ow <4/$1
XC526 R . 185" re d 5/$1
XC526 G .185" gree n <4 /$1
XC526Y . 185" yell ow 4/$1
X C52fiC . 185" c le a r 4/$1


I Soot l O9' O' '
I hJ J O+,O ' ' n
25-4'
.35
...
.49
.53
. 75
1.00
1.40
1.59
10 Ohm 12 Oh m 15 O hm 18 Ohm 22 O hm
27 Ohm 33 Ohm 39 O h m "7 Ohm 56 Ohm
68 Oh m 82 Ohm 100 Ohm 120 Oh m 150 Oh m
180 Oh m 220 Ohm 270 O hm 330 Oh m 390 Oh m
LOW PROFILE
(TI N) SOCKETS
1-24 25-49 SQ.lOO
. 17 .16 .15
.20 . 19 . 18
.22 .21 . 20
.2'9 .28 .21
.34 .32 .30
.37 .36 .35
.38 .37 .36
.45 .44 .43
. 6Q .59 .58
.63 .62 .61
I'"
.39
-"
.54
.59
.19
1.10
1.65
1.75
SOLDERTAIL (GOLD)
STAND ARD
==- DISCRETE LEOS -==-
CH...1t
' .... r ...- 1'0\..... '1'1'
IfIUl Tl OIGl l RI'UCTOR ARRAVS
IXI)Q;J ._ Xl c C"'X
to c ... wx
11 _,"-'1 to
0 .. 1100 ' . ... ' to
ca ttJC,_, til C"'W'l(
C1 JUII ' _ I II c .......
1._1_

Cl. c . to, '.....
cu :O.to .......
1I.. . U(lA.' .....
ASST. 1 Sea.
ASST. 2 Sea .
a p in LP
14 pin LP
16 pi n LP
l a p in LP
20 pi n LP
22 p in LP
24 p in LP
28 pi n L P
36 p in LP
40 p in L P
a p in S G
14 p in S G
16 p in SG
l a p in S G
2<4 p in S G
28 pi n S G
36p in S G
40 p in S G
X C556R .200" r ed 5/$ 1
XC556G .200" gr ee n 4/$1
X C556Y .200" y e llow 4/$1
XC556C .200" cle ar 4/$ 1
X C22 R . 200" r ed 5/$ 1
X C22G .200" g ree n 4/ $1 '
XC22Y . 200" ye l lo w <4/$1
MVI0B . 110" red 4/$ 1
1/4 WATT RESISTOR ASSORTMENTS- 5%

C. A . - commo n A ncce DISPLAY LEOS c .c. - Common ca tnoc e

Type Polarity Ht Price Ty p e Pol arity Ht Pric e
MA N 1 C.A.-red .270 2.95 D LG507 e.A.--gre e n .500 1.25
MA N 2 5x 7 0 .M.-r e d .eoo 4.95 DL7 04 e.C. -re d .m 1.25
MAN 3 c.c .c-rec .125 .25 D L707 C.A.-re d .300 l.2S
MAN 52 c.Ai--a reen .scc 1.25 D L728 c .c .s-ree .500 1.49
MAN 54 c.c .c-creen .m 1.25 DL741 C.A. -red .600 1. 25
MA N 71 C.A. -red . 300 . 75 DL746 C.A. -red :l:. 1 .630 1.49
MAN 72 C.A.-red .300 .15 DL747 C. A .-red .600 1.49
MAN 14 c.c.s-ree . 300 1.25 DL750 C. C. - red .600 1.49
MAN 82 C.A . - y e llo w .300 .49 D L0847 C. A. -orange .800 1.49
MAN 84 C. C. -yell o w .300 .99 OL085Q c.c.c-orence .800 1.49
MAN 3620 C.A.-or a n ge .300 .49 OU 3B C.C.- r ed .110 . 35
MAN 3630 C. A.- o r an ge .1 1 . 300 .99 F N D358 C.C . .1 1 . 357 .99
MAN 3640 c .c.e-cran ae .300 .99 F N D359 C.C. . 357 .15
MAN 4610 C.A.-or a ng e .<400 .99 F N DS03 C. C. ( FND500) .500 .9'9
MAN 6610 C.A.-or i1nge - D D .560 .99 FND501 C.A. ( FND510) .500 . ')9
MAN 6630 c .Ae-cranae s 1.560 .99 HD S P- 3401 C.A.- red .800 1.50
MAN 6640 C.C .- o r a n ge - DD . 560 .99 HDSP-34OJ c.c .c-rec . 800 1.50
MAN 6650 c .cc-crenae e 1.560 .99 5082-7751 C. A.,R.H.D . -re d .<4 30 1.25
MA N 6660 c.Ae-cran ae .560 .99 50827760 C.C. ,R.H. D. -red .<430 1. 75
MA N 6710 C.A.-re d -DD .560 .99 5082-1300 4x 7 sg l. d ig. RH O .600 22.00
MAN 6750 C. C.- r ed :l:. 1 .560 .99 5OB2-7302 4x7 sat. d ig. LH O .600 22.00
MAN 6780 e .C .- red .560 .9'9 5QB.2- 7304 o veme e. ch a r. (tI).6OO 19.95
D L0304 c. c .e-crenae .300 1.25 ,i N28 Phot o xst sto r o c t c - tsc t. .99
DL0307 C. A. - o ra n ge .300 1.25 LI T-I Ph oto X s ist o r oct c - tsc t. .69
DLG500 C. C. --gre e n .500 1.25 MO C3010 Optical ly Isol .Tr lac Dri ver 1.25
.- ::t
ll
4_
.- 7/8" Siottod Sh . ft 15 t ur n pot. U 'm i
Llnear Tape r t aper. Pr inted cl r- I
Me ets Mil R9 4 c u lt mount.
CMU I021 RV 4N A Y S D - I02A l K Part No.
e MU 5021 RV4NA Y SO - SOlA 5K 830P- SOoh m 830P- SK
CMU 1031 RV4NA Y S O - l OlA 10K &3OP-l OOoh m alOp . I0 K
: 33OP-5000 h m 830P-2OK
CM U 1041 RV4N A Y S O - l 04A l OO K a30P-I K 83Op5OK
e MU 1052 RV<4 NA Y S O - IOSA I Meg 83Op2 K
Ie
- : . : - : ..:- D LG-2S35 D L..(SO'J O L- 6SOO 'lIl O L- 313O
DL-6530
3. 75
3.95
1.39
1.25
1.25
.59
3.50
CAlOa9N
CA3096N
CAlI30H
CAJl4 0H
CA3160H
CA3401 N
CA3600N
S N74156N . 79
SN 74157N .69
S N74160N .89
S N14l61N .89
SN 74162N .89
SN74163N .89
S N74164N .89
SN 741MN .19
S N74166N 1.25
S N74167N 2.79
SN14 170N l.95
SN 141nN 4.95
SN74173N 1. 39
S N14174N .99
SN 7417SN
SN 74176N . 79
SN74177N .7'9
S N74119N 1.4"
SN74 l BON .79
SN7 41alN 2.25
S N74182N .79
SN 74184N 2.49
S N74185N 2.49
S N74190N 1.25
SN 7419IN 1.25
S N74192N . 11)
SN74 193N .19
SN 741l)4N .19
SN 74195N .69
SN 74196N .89
SN 74197N .89
SN 7419aN 1.49
S N74199N 1.49
S N74221N 1.25
SN74251N . ')9
SN 7427'6N 1.95
S N74279N .79
S N74283N Loti
SN 74284N 3.95
S N74285N 3.95
S N74.)65N . 69
S N10 S6N .69
SN 74J67N .69
S N74368N . 69
S N14390N 1.49
SN14393N 1.49
74 00
CA303 1N 2.00
CA3082N 2.00
CA3083N 1.60
CAJ086N .85
S N7472N .29
S N7473N .35
S N7474N . 35
SN7475 N .49
SN7416 N . 35
SN7479N 5. 00
SN74aQN .50
S N7482N .99
SN 7413N .69
SN 7485N . 89
SN7 4!6N .35
S N7489N 1.75
SN 7490N .49
S N7491N .59
SN749ZN .4 5
SN7493 N .45
S N74'}4N .69
SN 7495N .69
SN7496 N .69
S N7497N 3.00
S N74100N 1.49
S N74107N .35
SN74109N .39
S N74116N 1.95
S N14121N .39
SN 74122N .55
SN 74123N .59
S N74125N .49
S N74126N .49
S N74112N .75
S N74116N .75
S N74141N .99
S N74142N 3. 25
S N74143N 3.49
SN 14144N 3.49
S N74145N .79
S N74147N 1.95
S N14141N 1.29
S N741SON 1.25
S N74151N .69
SN74 1S2N . 69
SN74 1S3N .79
SN74 154N 1.25
S N74155N . 79
CA-L1NEAR
2.15
3.25
1.35
1. 30
3.25
3.25
1.25
SN74QON . 25
. 20
SNl402N . 25
SN7403N .25
SNl-404N .25
.29
.35
S N7-407N .35
SN74Q&N .29
S Nl-409N .29
SN7410N .25
SN74 1l N .29
SN7412N .35
SN1413N .40
S N1414N .69
SN74 16N .29
SN70417N .29
SN7420N .25
SN7421N .29
SN7422 N .45
SN142J N .29
S N7425N .29
SN7426N .29
S N1427N .25
SN14 29N .39
SN7430N .25
5N7432N .29
S N7437N .25
S N7438N . 40
SN74]l)N .25
SNl440N .20
SN 744I N . 89
S N7442N .59
SN7 443N 1.10
S Nl444N 1. 10
S N7445N .89
.79
SN744 7N .69
SN7448N . 19
SN74SON .20
5 N7451N .20
SN 745) N .20
S N74S4N . 20
S N7459A .25
SN7460N .20
SN7470N .29
74L 8
'14LS02 .29 14LS92 .7$ 74LS I94 1.15
74LSO! .29 74LS91 . 75 74LSI 95 1.15
14L504 .35 14LS95 .99 74LS I97 1.19
74LS05 .35 14LS96 1.15 74LS221 1.19
74LS08 .29 74LSI07 .45 74LS240 1.95
74LS09 .35 7.fLS I09 .45 7.fLS241 U 5
74LS I0 .29 74LS 1l2 .45 74L5242 1.95
74LS ll . 75 7R S ll3 .49 74LS243 1.95
74 LS12 .35 74L S 114 .49 74LS244 1.95
7<4 LS ll .59 7<4 LS l 22 .89 74LS245 2.95
1<4 LS14 .99 14LS123 1.25 74LS2.f7 1.19
74LS15 .35 14LSI25 .89 74LS241 1.19
7<4 LS2O . 29 74LS I26 . 55 H LS 249 1.19
74LS21 . J5 74LS1l2 .99 74L5 251 U9
1<4 LS22 .35 74LS 133 .89 74LS25J .99
74LS26 .35 74LS l36 .49 74LS257 .ss
14L527 .35 74LSlJa .89 14LS258 .99
74LS2S .35 74LS l 39 .89 74LS260 .69
14LSJO . 29 14LS151 .89 74LS266 .69
14L532 .35 14LS l SJ .89 74LS213 1.95
74LSD .59 14LSI54 1.15 74LS279 .75
14LSJ7 .45 74LS155 1.19 74LS2SJ 1.09
74LS38 .49 74LSI56 1. 19 74L529Q .99
74LS40 .35 74LS157 .89 74LS293 .99
74LS42 .M 14LSI58 .99 14LS298 1.25
74L547 .19 74LS I6Q 1.15 74L S lS2 1.29
14LS48 1.15 74LS161 1. 15 74LS353 1.29
14L549 1.15 1<4LS162 1.15 74LS365 .75
74LSSI .29 74LS 16J 1.15 74LSl66 . 75
74LS 54 .29 14LS164 1.25 74LSJfi7 .75
74L SS5 .29 7<4 LS165 1.25 74LSl68 . 75
74LS 73 . 45 7<4 LSI68 1.19 74LS3 73 1.95
74LS 74 .45 1-tLS 169 1.19 74L5 374 1.95
74LS75 .59 7.(LSI 70 2.49 7.(L5 375 .89
7.fL5 76 .45 74LS11 3 1.39 74LS386 .69
7.f L5 78 .<49 74LS174 .99 74LS393 2. 49
74LsaJ .89 14L51 75 .99 14LSl99 2.49
14LSSS 1.25 74LSlIl 2.95 7<4 LS670 2.49
74LS86 .<45 1<4 LSI90 1.25 8l LS 95 1.95
14LS90 . 59 74L5191 1.25 8l L597 1.95
748
74500 .50 745133 .55 7.($253 1.45
7<4 504 .55 745 U4 .69 745257 1.35
74505 .55 745135 1. 19 745258 1.35
74508 .50 745 136 1.75 745260 . 79

74511 .50 745 140 1.15 745283* 4.95
7<4515 .SO 745151 1. 35 7453 73 3.49
74S2'D .SO 745 153 1.35 74SJ74 3.49
74522 . 50 745151 1.35 745387* 5. 95
74530 . 50 745158 1.35 745471 * 19.95
7<4532 .55 745174 1.59 7454n* 19.95
7'(S4{l .55 145 175 1.59 745473* 19.95
7<4 551 . 50 745 188 4.95 7<45474 * 21.95
74564 .50 745194 1.95 745475* 21.95
7.(565 .50 745195 1.95 7.(5570* 7.95
7<4574 . 79 745196 3.95 745571* 7.95
7<4586 .79 14$240 2.95 74S5n* 19.95
745112 . 79 745241 2. 95 745513* 19.95
745 113 . 79 745242 3.25 745940 3.15
745 114 .79 145243 3.25 745941 3. 15
L IM IT ED AVAI LAB ILI TY ON T H ES E P ROMS
CA3013 H
CA3023H
CA3039 H
CA3046N
CA3059N
CA300JN
CA3060H
CIRCLE 19 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
$1 0.95 ea.
50 pc. . $1.95
SOp" . $1.95
50pc.. $ 1.95
PHONE
OROERS
WELCOME
(415) 592-8097
50pc. . $1.95
50pc. . $1.95
22K 27K 33K 39K 47K
Y K 82K lOOK 120K
3. 3K J.9K UK 5.6K 6.8K
8.2K 10K 12K 15K 18K
l SOK 180K 220K 210K 330K
390K 410K S60K 680K a2QK
Includes Resistor Assts. 1-7 (350 pes.)
1M 1.2M 1.5M l.8 M 2.2M
2. 7M 3. 3M 3.9M OM 5.6M
470 0 hm560 0 h m6800hm820 0 h m l K
1.2K 1.5K U K 2.2K 2.7K
Jitm.!i1?cS
MAIL ORDER ELECTRONICS - WORLDWIDE
1355 SHOREWAY ROAD. BELMONT, CA 94002
PRICES SUBJECT TO CHANGE
ASST. 6 S e a .
ASST.8R
ASST. 7 5 ea.
ASST . 5 S e a .
ASST. 3 S e a .
ASST. 4 S e a.
3/B1
CD 4082
CD4093
CD4O'lO
C D4S06
C D4507
CD4SQB
C D4510
C D4511
C D4514
C D4515
CD4516
C D4518
CD45I9
C[).4S20
C D4526
CD4528
CD 4529
C D4543
C04562
C 0 4566

CD472J
CD 4n 4
MCI4409
MC l4410
MCl4411
MCI4412
MC14419
MCI4413
CD- CMOS
CD4041 1.49
CD40042 .99
CD <4043 .&9
CD4044 .89
CD4046 1. 79
C D4047 2.50
CD4048 1.35
C D4049 .49
CD4050 .69
CD40S1 1.19
CD.(OS2 1.19
CD 4Q53 1. 19
CD4056 2.95
CD4059 9. 95
CD4060 1.49
CD40&6 .79
CD4068 .39
CD4069 .45
CD 4010 . 55
CD40 71 .49
CD40n . 49
CD4073 .39
CD401S .39
CD4016 1. 39
CD4081 . 39
.39
.39
.39
1.19
.25
.49
.49
.39
.25
.49
1.39
1.19
. 59
1.19
.99
.49
1.19
1.39
1.19
.29
.19
.23
2.95
.69
.89
1.49
.49
.99
1.49
C[).4 000
CD<OOI
C0 4002
C<>4OC<
CD<OO7
C O <009
CD4010
CD4011
CD40 12
CD4013
CD40 1<4
C Do4Q15
CD40I6
CDo4Q17
C D401a
CD4019
C[).4020
CD4021
CD4022
CD4023
C""'2<
C[).4 02S
C <>4026
CD4021
C<>4028
C""'29
C<>4OJO
C[).4QJ5
, <>4040
en
Q
Z
o
a:
I-
,@,.
..J
W
6
a
-c
a:
. 100
-'
<0
CXl
-'
53.95
$4.95
S5.95
S3.25
53.95
Price
fir 11M (lick' .
11"""",,,,,,,,,,,,10,,,.
U V IV,. , I AC "
DC. " Ioc.t. u .
Output
12 VAC 250 mA
12 VAC 500 mA
12 VAC 1 amp
9 VOC 200mA
9 VDC 500 mA
D-Sub min iatu re Plug $2.95
DSub miniatu re Socket $3.50
Cover for DB25P/S $ 1.75
P.C. Edge (22/ 44 PinI $2.95
BNC Plu g $ 1. 79
BNC J ac k $3. 79
UHF Ada pter $ .49
UH F Pane l Recp $ 1. 29
UH F Ad apter $ 1. 60
UH F Plug $ 1.60
BNC Plug $ 1.79
BNC Bul kh ead Recp . . $ 1.29
JOYSTICKS
Input
117V/6 0 Hz
t l lV/6 0H,
t t lV/ 60H,
117V/60Hz
t20V/6 0H,
J VC...w
5K Li near Taper Pots $5.25
lOOK Linea r Tape r Pots $4.95
40 K (21Video Cont roll er in case $5. 95
CONNECTORS
... ,.
TRS-80
16K Conversion Kit
AC and DC Wall Transformers
JE610 ASCII
Encoded Keyboard Kit

Expand your 4K TR SSOSystem to 16 K.
Kit co mes complete wit h :
*8 ea. MM529 0 IUPD 416 / 4 116) 16K Dyn . Rams {* NSI
*Docum en t at ion for Conversio n
TRS-16K2 t50 NS $49.95
TRS-16K4 250NS . . . .. . . . . . ... $39.95
Part No .
AC 250
AC 500
ACtOOO
ovszoo
DC 900
JSo5K
rs-teox
JVC4 0
FUL L BBIT
LATC HED OUTP UT
t 9KEY KEYBOARD
DB25P
OB25S
OB51226
22/ 44SE
UGBB/U
UGB9/U
UGt75/U
50239
PL258
PL259
UG260/ U
UGt 094/U
JE600
Hexadeci mal Encoder Kit
....
....
II .
11.1$
.....
,...
14.1$
....
IUS
....
n...

finish.
Slidingrear/bott om pl nelf or
servi ce and component ae-
cessibility.
Top/ bottom pl nels.OSO t hk
alum. Alodine type 1200
finish (gold ti nt color) for
best paint adhesion after
modiflCltion.
Vented top and bott om
panels for cooling efficiency.

Spec: Sh eet s - 25.
Se nd 41. Poste g, f or your
F RE E 198 1 J AMECO CATA LOG
MICROPROCESSOR MANUALS- -
U, .. M;I" u;l J 1.50

En clo sure Pa nel
Model No . Widt h PRICE
DTE-8 8.00 " $29.95
DTE-1 1 10.65" $32.95
DTE 14 14.00" $34.95
O""",,, N

INS l n lN 1
I NS::065 I N

MM!lII 14N
COP402N
TElEPHONE/ KEYBb ARD CHIPS- -
AYS-t IOO Pusn Buttol'l T. l.phon. 0 1.1.. 14.t$
R.pe,lory 0 1. 1.. 14.95
AY-s-t5Oll CMOS Cl oc k G. ".,.to r 4.95
AV-S-2U ' Keyb o;l rO EI'I(OCl. , eN keyl ) 11.tS
K.yo o;l ro En cod .. (16 k ' YI) 1.15
14Cn2 Keybo;l ra En COOtr (I ' k'vsl S."
74Ct21 K'Ybo . rO El'lcod tr 110k'v'l 5. 15
MM5JUON Pusn Du tton PuJ " 0 1.1.. 1.15
MMS ","N ""144-K.... $1 .1.1 KItYDO;l ro EnGod.. l .tIS
:: NMOS READ ONLY MEMORIES- -
.50 MC ,"", lI OP 13 ><b l AS. CII Sh,l t ld w/Or.." IUO
.50 MCM 6Uo4OP 1::1>< 1:0; 1 M.lh SymDol .. PICtur l 1 J1.50
1.15 MC M" 1'5OP U"'IJl7A1Ph;l. CO"tro I Chlf. G. I'I. U.!IO
I."
."
....
....
f--- -
_II OU;l1 MOS Clock 0 '1.... (SM ZI J.ts
1.95 0 .1<.Cont.oll.r )4.ts
2.15 Co mmun lC. tlon Ch ili II. "
4.00 MlC'01l'OCl 1lo0' Rul TIm . Clock ,.
4.00 M,GrOp rOCI UO. Co mp .tlbl. Clock u.e
1.15 MOC'O col'l t .olltr ... It n 64 0"lt RAM '.tIS
"'15 .nCl OJrK t LE D 0 .. ...
M,cr oc o l'lt . o U. , wit h 6401"t RA M
.. OlrKt L ED 0 '1... wi N Bu u 11'11.
32-Sl, .VA C F l uo,. 0 '1.... Pk , . ) 1.25
ELECTRONICS
2!lU(ll40)
25UIJD: l)
".N
- ------j M""'"
Jameco
CPU
" Bit In pu l /O u t pu t
Pflorlty Int .rru pt Control
BIDlre<;tlon.I Bu IOrl.... .
Cl ock O'......to ' /OI' ''''.,
BUI
SYl llm Co ntr oU" fll uI O.I ...,
Sylt.mConlrOll.r
I/O E :o; p. nd ., 10. 4&S.,1I1
Aly nchro noul Comrn. EI,,,,,nt
PrO I . Comm. 110 ( USA RT)
PrOl.l nll ..... ITlm . r
PrOI . Pt r ip h., . II !O (PPI)
Prot. OMA Cont rol
Prog.lnl ..r uP I Co ntrol
Pr Og. CR T COl'll ro U,r
Prog. KItYDOlf d /OIWl I.y Il'IlIr l . u
Od ;l l 8.... R.nl.., r
Sy ll.mTlm II'l9EI..... nt
' Blt II IOl rect lon . ' R. n i" , '
' Blt 1Il 01'Kt lo n;l1 RK . I r
' Blt II I OI" ct lo n.1 R".I ..
$ 10. 0 0 Mi n. Order - U.S. Funds Onl y
Cali f. Re sidents Add 6% Sa les Tax
Po st age - Ad d 5" plus $1 lnsu ran ce
DESIGNERS' SERIES
Blank Desk-Top Electronic Encl osures
CONSTRUCTION: - - - --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
The"DTE" Blank DeskTopElectronicEnclosuresaredesigned to blendandcomplement
today's modern computer equipment and can be usedinboth industrial and home.The
end piecesare precisionmolded with an internal slot (all around)to accept bothtop and
bott om panels. The panels are then fastened to %" thick tabs inside the end pieces to
provide maximumrigidity to the enclosure. For ease of equipment servicing, the rearl
bottom panel slides back on slotted tracks while the rest of the enclosure remains in-
tact. Different panel widths may be used while maintaininga commonprofile outline.
The molded end pieces can alsobe paintedto matchany panel color scheme.
MICROPROCESSOR COMPONENTS
- 8080A!808QA SUPPORT DEVICES
3/8t
--- DATA ACaU ISITl ON- - - --1
AF 1O>ICN Ul'IlWlrUI Act I... F lit .. 2.5" 5.1S
AFIU ICJ TOUGh TOI'II Lo w P.n F ll t .r II .
Afln-ICJ TOUch T o n. LOw Pn, F li t .. II .IS
LMlIlIIAH Sup" G .ll'I O p Amp 1.(10
LMU4 Z Conlllnt CU"'"1 SOU' (I L :lll
LM USZ Tl mpltllUrl T"nl'll uCI' 1.10
JFET Il'Ip ul Op Amll J.l0
LF l'C N S.mpl. .. Hold Amll ll fl. r1 1.95
LM)MH T. mp.Comp. P"c. R'I. {.5p p mlC"I 4.1S
AO CllIOILCN I -BlI A/ O COI'I t .. (I LSB) 4.1S
OACQI06LCN I' B,t OIA COI'I ,t .. (C1.Jn. LI I'I.1 1.25
I N5IOIQA
OPllIl
OPU14
OPllj.
0_
0'"""
"""" 0"'"
lNSIJ4J
IN"'"
0"""
0_
0'"""
0"""
0""'"
0"'"
0"'"
0""'"
0"'"
0""'"
OPt:l Cl7
0 ",,",
ADAPTER BOARD
- Adapts t o JE200-
5V, 9V and 12V
r:J National semiconductor
RAM SALE
JE205 $12.95
EPROM Erasing Lamp
MA1023 .7 " Low Co st Otgit al LED Cloc k Mod ule 8.95
MA1026 .7" Dig. LEO Alarm Clo cklThermomet er 18 .95
MA5036 .3" Low Cos t Digital LEO Cl ock /T imer 6.95
MA1002 .5 " LEO Displ ay Dig. Cl ock & Xfor me r 9.95
Modules
t 2VOC
AUTOMOTIV E/

"". . I NSTRUMENT
: : - -_. - - - ,
In -d as h aut ocJ o c ks
After ma rket autO!
. _ _ .J RV clocks
A i rc raft-marin a elks.
, . 12 VOC cper. Instr u,
. ' . Po rt abla/b att arv
powered in st ru mnts.
Feat ures: Bright 0.3" green displ.y . Internal crystal time-
base. :1: 0.5 sec./day eccur. Autc.d tsctev brightness co ntrol
logic. Display co lor filt erab le t o blue, blue-green, green &
ye llow. Cc mplete -cjust add switches a nd lens.
MA1003 Module $16.95
MM5290N-4 (MK 4t t 6/UP0 416) $4.95 each
16 K DYNAM IC RAM (25 0 NS )
(8 EACH $39.9 5) (100 EACH $450.00/ 10t)
MM5290J-2 IMK4t16/UP04161 $6.95 each
16K DYNAM IC RAM (150NS)
(8 EACH $49. 9 5) (100 EACH $550.00/ 10tl
MM5298J-3A $3.25 each
BK DYNAMIC RAM ( LOW HALF OF MM5290J)200NS
(8 EACH $23.95) (100 EACH $250 .0 0/10t)
MM2114-3 $5.95 each
4K STAT IC RAM (300N S)
(B EACH $43.95) (100 EACH $450.00/ 10t)
MM2114L-3 . .. . . ... ..... $6.25 each
4 K STATIC RAM ( L.OW POW ER 30 0 NS)
(8 EACH $44 .95) (100 EACH $415.0 0 /10t)
Four .630" ht . and t wo .300" ht .
common a node di spl ays
Uses MM5 314 clock ch ip
Swi t ches fo r hours, minutes and hol d funct ions
Hours eas ily viewable to 30 f ee t
Simulat ed walnut case
11 5VAC oper at ion
12 or 24 hour operati on
Includes a ll compo nents , case a nd wa ll t ra nsfo rmer
Si ze: 6%" x 3 1/8" x n, "
JE747 $29.95
6-Digit Clock Kit
Br ight .300 ht. comm. cath-
ode display
Uses MM5314 clock ch ip
' Swit chos fo r ho urs. minutes
end hold mod es
_ Hr s. e4sily viewente to 20 ft .
' Simulat ed wa lnut case
' 11 5 V AC op erat ion
- 12 or 24 hr . opera t ion
et nei. ell compo nents, case &
wa u t ra nsforme r
- Size : 6 %" x 3 -1/S" x , %"
DC/ DC converter with +5V input. Toriodal hi-
speed switc hing XFMR. Short circuit protecti on.
PC bo ard co nstr uctio n, Piggyback to J E 200
board. Size : 3Y." x 2" x 9/ 16" H
JE200 $14.95
JE701 $19.95
Regulated Power Supply
Uses LM309 K. Heat sink . ..... __
provided. PC board con-
st ruct ion. Provides a solid -
1 amp @ 5 volts. Can sup ply up
t o 5V. 9V and 12V wit h
JE 205 Adapter. Includes compo-
nents, hardware and instructions.
Size: 31'>' x 5' x 2" H
Er a..s 2708, 27 16, 1702A, 5 2030 , 52040, et c.
Era..s up to 4 ch ips within 20 minutes.
Main tains const a nt exposure di st ance of on e inch.
- Sp .cial co ndu ct ive f oam lin er eliminates st atic buildup.
- Built-in safety lock t o prevent UV exp osure.
Com pact - onl y 75 /8 " x 2-718" x 2"
- Complet e wi t h holding tr ay f o r 4 ch ips.
UVS-11E $79.95
Jumbo 6-Digit Clock Kit
CIRCLE 19 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
101
CIRCLE 46 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
AVAILABLE
HAL-TRONIX
P.O. Dox 1101
Southgate. MI 48 195
C*OUS OVU. 520 00 vu H WPlO JOlTPAC Uet"
011 nuu VMlU AtICIfT1OMAl. CMUC'o(l ....[ iUQUU TtO.
011o..ous ussTN"'" 120 .00 PUAS( IIIClUOl ACOITlOf4.
AJ. i 1.SOf O'.IUJC)l1MGi .I.IClMAILMGoCM.U. Cj,U .

IHFONUTIOH,

.
;
__ C NOMNCI
...... ,.:"
MANY, MANY OTHER KI TS
CIRCLE 63 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
s.nd 154 Slomp Of S.A.S.E. fOf InfOfmall on ond f ly., on otMr
HAl TP.OHIXptoducu. To OfMr by phon., 78 2 .
16 LINE TOUCH TONE DECODER KI T
P,C, BOARD AND PARTS "'" , $6Y, Y,
12 LINE TOUCH TONE DECODER KI T
P.C. BOARD AND PARTS " , , $39,Y,
16 LINE ENCODER KI T, COMPLETE
CASE, PAD AND COMPONENTS ." ,$5Y,9S
12 LINE ENCODER KI T, COMPLETE
CASE, PAD AND COMPONENTS , ,$LY,YS
******************************
ELECTRONI C KI TS FROM HAL- TRONIX
2304 MHZ DOWN CONVERTERS. TUNES I N ON
CHANNELS 2 TO 7 ON YOUR OWN HOllE T. V
HAS FREQUENCY RANGE FROM 2000 MHZ TO
2 500 MHZ. EASY TO CONSTRUCT AND COMES
COMPLETE WITH ALL PARTS I NCLUDI NG A
DI E-CAST ALUM CASE AND COAX FITTINGS,
REQUIRE A VARIABLE POWER SUPPLY AND
ANTENNA (Antenna can be a dish t ype
or co ffee can t yp e depending on the
signal strength in your area. )
2304 MOD 2 (B asic / Pre-amp) $79 . 95
2304 MOD 3 (Hi-Gain Pre-amp) $89 . 95
POWER SUPPLY FOR EITHER MODEL ABOVE
I S AVAI LABLE COMES COMPLETE WI TH ALL
PARTS. CASE, TRANSFORMER, ANTENNA
SWITCH AND CONNECTORS $29 .95
******************************
IS KHZ DECODER KI T (CAN BE USED TO
RECEI VE THOSE SECRET T,V, SIGNALS
ON YOUR OWN T.V, COMPLETE WI TH ALL
NECESSARY PARTS AND P, C. BOARO
INSTRUCTIONS "'1 ,. I II I I" I $4Y, Y,
******************************
22.000 ",FO.1 S VOC. $2.S0
2 in. di . x 2VJ In.
22,000 ",FO. SOvoc $3.S0
3 in. dl. x 4VJ in.
CLAMPS TO FIT CAPACITORS SOC ..
FLAT LEVER HANDLE
'
MINI TOGGLE
S P O T
.
.
RATED IS @ V
1/ . - . 0 BUSH ING
. $1 .00 each
10 10' sa!to
100l or S75 00
$1.50 ea ch
spec l l y coil
LARGE QUANTITIES AVAILABLE
SOCK l::TS r OR RELAY .,Ch
SUBMINI DPDT
DIP RELAY
AROMAT #HB2DC6V
. 6 'i De COO l . F,lS d 'p
, No r m e.p Dower 580 mW
Conl.'lS 'AII'd ' .mp @)12OV
$ 1.50 each 10 for Sra SO
TERMS: Cal res add Unl', All ow at l east 5% shI ppi ng: u te"
refunded. Order s und M $15 add 52 h.ndllnQ. VISA " and
Mulcrcard ' 01'00( $ (for 16K Memory ExpanSIon only) call
14151 5620636, 2.4 hI's . Incl ude stre et address l or UPS Pnces
sublect t o change Wllt lo ut no tice.
Operates f r om 12V DC and includes int ernal
timebase accurate t o 0.01 %. Ideal for mobil e
applicat ions in car, van, or boat. Blue-gr een
f luorescent readout s look great at night and
don't wash out duri ng th e day. Easy to make
into complete clock; add two time-setti ng
switc hes, hook up power, and you' re ready to
go. Wi th appli cat ions note t hat shows how to
get t he most out of your MA1003. Add $5 for
matching case wit h mount i ng hardware and
optical f ilter .
5101Ll 1K RAM4X256 450 ns 10/$17.50
General purpose sil icon signal diodes 50/$2
GT5306 NPN dar lington, min gain 17000,'
25V 200 mA, T0 92 package 100/$8.95
NPN transistor similar 2N3904 100/$7.95
PNP tr ansist or simi lar 2N3906 100/$8.95
4N28 opt c-coupler 6 pin mini dip,
MCT-21IL-1 pi nout 5/$2
SN76477 complex sound generat or 1/ $2.50
CIRCLE 38 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
SEND FOR OUR FREE CATALOGUE
P.O. BOX 401244R
GARLAND, TX. 75040
214 278-3553
The Greatest Breakthroulh
In Electronic Music Ever!
{
?1f-"" The
Super Mu alc
Maker
REVISION 2
$%4.95
(Basic Kit )
Does no! incl udespeaker
swit ches or 2708ROM.
Now you can play hundreds of songs usi ng the BulletSuper
Music Maker. The unit features a single facto ry
progr ammed micr oprocessor IC that comes with 20 pre-
progr ammed short tunes. By adding the addi tio nal PROMS
(2708's) the system can be expanded to pl ay up to 1000
notes per PROM. Just think .. . a compact elect ronic
instrument that will play dozens, hund reds or even
thousands of selections of musi c. The kit comes with all
electronic component s (l ess the PROM), and a drill ed.
plated and screened PC Board which measures 4" x 4l "" .
The 7 watt amplifier section is on the same PC board and
drives an 8 ohm speaker (not included ), from a whisper to
ear splitting volume . Since the unit works on 12 VDC or 12
VAC , vehicle or portabl e operat ion is possible. What do
you get for $24.951 Everythi ng but a speaker, transformer,
case, swit ches, and PROM. Additional 2708 albu ms
contai ni ng popular tunes are available for $15.00 each or
you can program you r own PROMS using infor mat ion
provi ded wit h the ki t instr ucti ons. Lists of avail able PROM
albums are available on request. (Note : Unit plays
electronic mus ic one note at a time , it is not pos sible to play
chords or a melody wit h harmony simulta neously.)
* Envelope control gi VBS decay to not es.
* "Next tune" feature allows sequential playing of all songs.
* On board inverter allows si ngle voltage (+12) operation.
OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES
DIP SWllches One 8 pos., One 5 pes. 2.00/Set
(Can be dir ectly soldered to PC Bd. to access tunes)
Rot.ry Switches Two 5 posit ion 2.50 /set
(For remot e wIri ng t o PC Bd. to access tunes)
Attractive Black Plasti c Cas. 6.50
Wall plug Transformer 3.00
(For operation on 117VAC house voltage)
$39.95
Incl udes Case
Doe l no t Inc lude
player pIec es
PLUS MUCH MOREl
Super Value Power Transformer
Well made, open frame transformer wi th mounting ears. Build a
+5 and t.12 suppl y with inexpensive parts . Free schemati cs of
severat designs. Primary 117VAC. SEC ' l15VAC @ .5A SEC
. 215 VAC@ .5A SEC #3 8VAC@ 2.5A. OROER:
SPECIAL BOHUS: Ord. r 2 BET 0005
voltage $2.95 Each
Pr ot ect your expensive eq ui pme nt f ro m ove rvolt age
condi tions. Every comput er should have one! Works with any
fused DC power source fro m 10 to 20 volt s up to 25 amps.
.. NO C.O.O: s
.. SEND CHECK M.O. OR CHARGE CAR D NO.
.. PHONE ORDE RS ACC EPTED ON VISA AND MASTERCHARG E ONLY.
.. ADD 5"'" FOR SHIPPI NG
.. TX. RES. ADD 5"" STATE SALES TAX
.. FOREIGN ORDERS ADD 10'"' (EXCEPT CANA DA) ( 2O'!ItAI RMAI L)
U.S. FUNDS ONL Y.
(214) 2711-3SS3
You get:
Doubl e sided gl ass PC
Board
Powerful 8035 Micro
Procenor Chip
Two 2716 style mask ROMS
RAM Chips, LED readou ts,
Keyboard, Instructi ons
AC Plug transformer
8035 and program ROMS only
L..r'1-""" with schemati cs. $12.00
7 Watt Audio Amp Kit $5.95
SIo4ALL. SI NGL E HYBRID IC AND CQIo4PONENTS FIT ON A 2'" x 3" PC
BOARD (I NCLU OEO}, RUNS ON 12VDC GREAT FOR AN Y PROJECT THAT
NEEDS AN INEXPENSIVE AMP LESS THA N 3-.. THO @ s WATTS
CO MPATI BLE WIT H SE-01 SOU ND KI T
BANKRUPT Game Manufacturer
Dumps Computer Backgammon Game
Th e Engi neers designed th is one to o good , maki ng it too
costly to becompetitive. Result ... Chapter XI. Webought
all the parts and can offer the unit as a kit for over 60%off
retail! DI SPLAY POINT BUILT IN
WILL VERIFY COM PUTER
THE NUMBER DICE ROLL
OF PIECE S
ON ANY
POI NT
Overvoltage Protec:tiou Kit $6.95
PARTS
; :1:1::J ; : :::t:u
The SE-Ol 's acompl etekIt that
contains all the parts to butld a
programmablo sound eff ects
genera tor . DeSigned around
t he new TexIS Insl rume-nl s
SN764 77 Sound Chip , t he
board provides banks of MI NI
DIP switches and pots to
program the vari ous com-
blnall ons of the SLF Oscill ator .
VCO. Norse, One Shot. and
Envel ope Contro ls. A Quad oc
Amp Ie ,s used to Implement
an Adjustable Pulse Genera-
tor. level Compa rator and
Mulhple x. Oscillat or for even
mor e versahhty . The x 5'"
PC Board features a prototy pe
area to all ow for user added
Circuitry . Easily programmed
10 dupli cat e Exp l osIon s,
Phasor Guns, Steam Tr aIns, or
almost an in/ mlto numbe r of
ot her sounds. The umt has a
multiple of applicahons The
low pnce Includes all parts .
assemb ly man ual. progr amming chart s. and detailed 76477 chip
eoecrtic ano ns It run s on a 9V batt ery (not tncruc ec j . On board
lOOMW amp Will drive a sma ll speaker directl y. or t he un it can be
con nect ed to your st er eo wi th in credible resu lts. fSoeaker not
incruced). 76477 II InelucMd. Available separately for $3. 15 each .
1N5350 l3V 5W Zener .25
1N5360 25V 5W Zener .20
.4mz6 .2 6 2V 400 MW Zener .08
Diode
C04048 Pll CMOS .99
8/1::

CD4 026 Decade Co unte r w/7 Seg Out 1.80
CD4016 Quad Ana log Switch .50
.. SAT ISFACTION GUARANTEED ON ALL PARTS AND KITS . EXAMI NE
FOR 10 DAYS IF NOT PLEASED RETU RN IN ORI GIN AL FORM FOR
REFUN D. INSURE FOR A"OUNT I F PRODUCT VALUE I S OVER S10.
1te"'"
2N3055 115WNPN POWERTRANSISTORTO3
Mo st popu lar t ra nsist o r f o r power
suppli es, audio amps, switChing, etc.
Limit 20 per customer 50<: Each
Sound Effects Kit 51 .SO
(/)
o
z
o
a:
G
w
..J
W
o
z

a:
102
TUCSON
4518 E. Broadway
Tucson. AZ 857 11
(602) 881 -2348
DB25P male 2.95
DB25 S female 3,60
HOODS 1. 75
SET 7. 50
272 2708 $ 4.60
;;; 2716 (5V) 7.50
3.14 2732 24.95
NMOS EPROM
MCM68708C $ 32 .26
MCM68764C 309 .89
MCM687 66C 309 .89
NMOS MICRO-
PROCESSOR
MC68 000l $347. 73
MC68000l4 291 .8 7
MC68000l6 319.80
MC68488 P 19 .80
MC68705P3l111 .72
Dual Trace Oscilloscope
HITACHI 30 MHz
SUNNYVALE
1054 E. EI Camino Real
Sunn yval e, CA 94087
(408) 243-4121
TV sync-s eparater c ircuit
High- s en sitivity 1mV/div
(5MHz)
Sweep-time magnifier
(10 times)
I Z-a xi s input (Intensity
modulation)
Signal d el ay line
X-V op er ation
l Tr ace Rot ation
Model V30 28
$995
More sensitive to your input
Large Keyboard
Separate Numeric
Pad
Graphics on Keys
_ $995
SANTA ANA
1300 E. Edinger Ave.
Sant a Ana, CA 92705
(714) 547-8424
TOUCH/TEST 20 comes cern-
ptete Withtest Iu ds. te mpera-
ture probe. cornpo ne.nt test
. d, pt or. b.nerle. ,nd cn .rger
umt . Order yours TODAYl
ORDER NO.
tlLS TT':G
tlLSmOl
tlLS04H4D
$239.00
$179
PORTLAND
1125 N.E. 82 nd Ave.
Portl and. OR 97220
(503) 2545541

NEW LOW
PRICE
VOLTAGE REGULATORS
$ .70 LM723CH .50 To220 Cas e
1.9 5 LM723CN .50 78M05Cl $ .85
.95 78l05ACP .55 78 M06C l 1.45
. 75 78l05 CP .50 78Ma8Cl 1.4 5
1. 45 78 l08ACP 60 78M12Cl 1.45
1.25 78L08CP .55 78M15Cl 1. 45
1.70 78U2ACP .60 78M1 8CT 1.45
1,60 78U2CP .5 5 78M20CT 1.45
2.45 78115ACP .60 78M24Cl 1.4 5
2.20 78U5CP .55 i-- -=-=--...,
Quite Portable
gg Very Affordable
gg and Unbelievable
4.70 79lD5ACP 1.50 Versatile
1.35 79 l05CP 1.00
1.35 79l12ACP 1.50 the PET computer may
very well be a
1.3 5 79 l1 5CP 1.00 lifetime investment.....
1.35 79 U8ACP 1.5 0
1.35 79l18CP 1.00
5.40 79L24ACP 1.50
7,50 79L24CP 1.00
7.50 MC1463G 4.90
7.50 MC14 66l 9.90
7.50 MC1468G 590
7.50 MC146 9 G 4.90
10 .00
IYM'
VOLTAGE REGULATORS
T0220 ( Plast ic) T0220 ( Plas tic )
780SCP $,90 7905CP $.95
7812CP .90 7912CP .95
78 15C P .90 79 15CP .95
78 1BCP .90 7918CP .95
7824CP .90 7924CP .95
10 " . cl rlpl I C."' .'" 10< 40" , ( 1 '1Il Il e.""nl fo,
SG780.CP. I.4C790 .CT. SG790 .CP.
LM3M)d 0,78O:w. UC! LI.4310 .T 0 ' 790 .UQ
HOUSTON
2649 Richm ond
Houst on, TX 77098
(713) 529-3489
MODEL 938
Arnps
6.0
5.0
3.0
2.2
- -
0 - 0 _ :>0
THE NEW NLS TECHNOLOGY
TOUCH/TEST 20
Ea.yto use - pkJg in capKitor, pu .h ran g.
button a nd rd th. va lu. to 0.1 "
0.5 in. liq u id c ry. t al di .pla y
Exclu. lv. Ac h.,g ./dvo lt" m ur . -
ment ci rc uit (p at ent pa nd ing ) hold. O.1"
ba.ic .cc u ra cy f o r 11.111 yr,
Up to 200 h,. oparatton on . ta nd a rd 9V B. tt.
8 y pu s h b u tton rang cov.r 0.1 pf to
1999 microfarad s .
a.st of a ll it ' s a.sy on th . b ud g.t - on ty
VISITASTORE NEAR YOU TODAY- W. stock I largi n l. etian of T. chr:icil Books. Discr lt l Components, InUgrated Circuits. TlSt Equipment and EI. ctronic Suppliu .
vee
5
12
' 5
24
74LS.. .Ser ies 74lS145N 1.20 74 lS266N 48
74 lSOON $ .2 1 74lS1 51N .4'
74lS273N 1.35
74lS03N . 23 74lS152N .75 74lS299N 2.60
74 lS04N . 26 74lS153N .42 74 lS365N .75
74 lS08N . 27 74lS160N .95 74lS366N .79
74lS1 0N . 24 74lS161N .80 74 lS36 7N .70
74 lS11N .31 74 lS 16 2 N .85 74 l S37 3 N 1.45
74lS20 N .2' 74lS163N .85 74 lS374N 1.40
74 lS22N .34 74 lS164N .62 74 lS377N 1.40
74 LS26 N .39 74 LS170N 2.65 74lS38 1N 2.90
74lS27N . 29 74lS174N .49 74 lS490N 1.80
74lS32N .3' 74LS175N .49
74 lS37N .36 74lS181N 2.30 OPTOELECTRONIC COUPLERS
74 lS40N .34 74lS190 N 1.20 Tn>' No OIlKfipt>on 1. 10 up 50 ... 100 up
74lS4 2N .45 74 lS 19 1N .89 nUl l T.. .....1OI'CoupI... $1. 32 $1.26 $1.20 $1.14
74 lS73 N .38 74 lS1 93N .89
n U12T_51QrCoupl... 1.32 1.26 1.20 1.14
74 lS74N .54 74 lS194N .85
n l1 13 o.rto..,..COuPIet 1.76 1.68 1.60 1.52
74 lS86N .45 74 lS195N .65
74lS90N .44 74lS221 N .85
nU14T_COupl... 1.32 1.26 1.20 1.14
74lS93N .42 74lS240N .95
TIl115T..-COuPIet 1.32 1.26 1.20 1.14
74 lS109N .52 74lS241N .90
TIU16T_CouP... 1.32 1.26 1.20 1.14
74lS 112 N .42 74lS243N .99 TIU 17 T-.1OI' COuPlet 1.32 1.26 1.20 1.14
74 l S1 23 N .79 74 l S244 N .95 TIl1 18 TraMfll1QrCoopler 1.32 1.26 1.20 1.14
74 lS125N .69 74 lS 24 5 N 2.2 0 TIU19 ... 1.47 '.40 1.33 126
74 l S126N .54 74lS251N 2.20
74 lS132N .59 74lS253N .59
6502 SERIES P6512A $16.60
74LS136N .48 74lS257N .80
74lS138N .66 74 lS258N .65
P6502 $ 6.40 P6513 9 .70
74 lS139N .66 74lS260N .65 7.90 P6513A 10 .70
13 .50 P6514 9.70
Z80 SERIES
P6503 9.70 P6514A 10 .70
P6503A 10 . 70 P651 5 9. 70
2.5 MHz 4.0 MHz P6504 9.30 P65 15A 10 .70
Z.soCPU $ 895 Z-80A CPU $ 9.95 P6504A 10 .70 P6520 590
Z-8Q-CTC 6.50 Z-8QACTC 7.95 P6505 9 .30 P6S20A 6.40
Z-80-Pl0 550 Z-80APl0 7.95 P6505A 10 .70 P6S21 6.20
Z-80-QART 15.45 Z-80A-OART 18.85 P6506 9.70 P6S21A 680
Z-BO-OART-9 13.50 Z-80A-OART-9 16,SQ P6506A 10 .70 P6522 6.40
Z8QSl 01O 24 .40 Z-BOA-S10/O 30 50 P6507 9. 70 P6522A 11.90
Z-80- S1019 1820 Z8QASl 0/9 23.40 P6507A 10 . 70 P6532 7.BO
Z-80 DMA. 2010 Z-80A-DMA. 24 .90 P6512 10 .70 P6532A 10 ,20
1-9 10 up 2!) up
$6 6. 90 $64.0 0 $6 1. 10
Model
APS 5-6
APS 12 -4
APS 15 3
AP$ 24 2 .2
CULVER CITY
11080 Jeff erson Blvd.
Culver City , CA 90 230
(213) 3903595
Wide- Ranging - 6S- C to +150-C
-85-F to 302- F
Accurat e O.4- C/ 0 .'-F
over mos t of r,nge
Fa st a..conds to 99 % of
nn.lch. ngei nre,dl ng
Ve rs atil e sw,tchselect.ble res
crcuen (0.1- or 1-' , nd
deg rees C or F.
TEMPERATURE METER
MODEL 940
AUTOMATIC CIRCUIT
POWER OOWN FOR
UNUSEO SECTIONS

Displ ay Range 36d B to +5dB

Float ing or Gradual Out put Indi catin g
Kit inclu de s t ransist ors. Jed s . ca pac i-
to rs , resist ors, PC Board, and si lk
scre e ne d metal front pa ne l
Power Suppl ies from ADTECH POWER
OC-l0MH.
2" Olagonal CRT
SMALL SIZE
,2 ' )
MARK IV LED POWER LEVEL INDICATOR
KIT $31.50
10 IXI
PORTABLE thcndor
. OSCILLOSCOPE
ULTRAlDW
POWER
CONSUMPTION
f&\
'CY MAIL ORDER
ANCRONA HAS MOTOROLA ICs
P.O. 80X 2208R CU LVER CITY. CA90230
-I PHONE ORDERS (213) 641 -4064 1
MIflimuM GrNrS1D,OO. AddS200tocO'o ttpo tt ag.1fld 1land1.ng
Illd""SAWtkomtd. ",lit nchld.fOUl th""urd _btf. inllrb.... 1lUlIlbw ind
np;.-1t1Oll d.1I SOIl'll Itlml I I' 1loIb,Kt to pnor'* Nat ItJPClII. ibIefof !lPOs.
Store W.rmt\'tthtrJ9lltlllllbttltJII I- ....J'- __- __..L.-_----....
.........-
ATLANTA
3330 Pi edmont Rd. N.E.
Atla nta. GA 30305
(404) 261-7100
Intarsil LED or LCD
3 Y:z DIGIT PANEL
METER KITS
BUl l DAWOR KIN G DPM I N Yr HOUR WITH
THESE COMPLETE EVALUATI ON KI TS
rest the.e new p,rts for yourlf With InterSll's low
cost protolvplng kits. complete w'th AIDconve rter ,nd
lCD d,spl.y (71 0 61 or lEO d"pl.y (710 7). Kill provide
,,11 mill tflnals. met PCbo,rd. for, functioning p,nel meter .
tCLl1DIEVll CDj . ... n 4U ICL7ID7V (l EO) ... . $21 11
BFR90 $ 1.88 MC1355P 2 .10 MC3303P 5.80
BFR91 2.42 MC1357P 1.55 MCJ32SP 2.10
CA30S4 1.54 MC135BP 1.50 MC334QP 2.1 a
CA30 59 3.34 Me1364P 2 .01 MC3360P 1.00
CA3079 2.23 MC1372P 6 ,48 MC3370P 3.72
MBOlOl . 73 MC1373P 5.19 MC3403 P 168
MOD10 2 .28 MC1391 P 1.44 MC34Q5P 242
MBD20 1 1.03 MC1403AU 11.0 7 MC3408L 355
MB 0 50 1 1.57 MCl4Q3UOS 4.23 MC3416l 31.42
Me664P ] .20 MC1405l 15 .28 Me3423P1 1.66
MCGSa p 2.05 MC1408l6 2 .94 MC3438l 4.33
MC830l 2.27 MC140818 4 .64 MC3476Pl 3.18
Me832l 2.27 Me l.13P 1.33 MC4Q16P 8.52
MC835 L 2A6 MC1437l ] .99 MC4024P 5.75
MeS36P 1.50 MC1439 L 4.62 MC4Q26 P 3.48
f----- - - - - ---------- ---
Me840P 1.50 MC1455Pl . 72 MC10109l 1.24
MC846P 1.36 MC1455UDS 1.77 MC1Q116l 1.24
MC84 8 l 3.17 MC14 58CPl 68 MC10116P .92
MC8571 2.46 MC1469G 4 .24 MC10 123 l 2.39
MC857P 1. 50 MC14 88l 1.51 MC101 24l 301
MC862 l 2.27 MC1489Al 1.48 MC10 125 l 2.50
MC958 l 4 .43 MC1489l 1.48 MC10 13 71 5.38
MC1013 P . 50 MC1489P 1.39 MC10 189l 3.27
MC1302P 3.72 MC1494l 6.04 MC10195l 2.52
MC1309P 2.86 MC1495l 5.28 MC101216l 1.88
MC1310P 2.86 MC1496G 1,80 MC14412VP 15 ,53
MC1330A1 P 1.60 MC1808P 1.36 MC14435VP 11.53
MC1349P 1. 72 MC1809P 1. 36 MC14457 P 6,60
MC13 50 P 1.1 5 MC30 62l 5.25 MC144 5BP 13.73
MC13 52 P 2.0 1 MC3302 P .BB MC14490VP 3.06

Model Vdc Amps

, -
" , AP$ 15-1.5 15 1.5
, APS24-1 24 1.0
" .'1 19 10 ..p ..p
$42. 50 S40 .85 $38.85
.:::::::::::::::
lM 300H
l M300N
LM304 H
i
j:====:tiI l M305 H l M30 9H
l M309 K
lM 317H
LM317-To220
LM317K
lM320-5K
I LM320 -6 K

f-------------- ----------i
LM320-24K
lM323K
lM340SK
l M340 -6 K
l M3 40 -BK
l M340-12 K
l M340-15K
lM340-18K
LM340 24K
I-------------- ----------i
lM 353B
lM353-12
lM3 53-15
lM 3 53 18
lM353-U
CIRCLE 40 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD 103
P.O. BOX 27038
DENVER, COLORADO 80227
Wheel of Fortune
C23806 $8.99
Popul ar game device uses
LEOs. na nsrstcrs . and tC
to gi ve the effect of a bnght
red ball spInning around
numb ers. Unit emit s sound as
ball spms and fmall y stops an
a number. Incl. all parts.
facep late & PC boar d


Mmlmum AD Order 56 00
Please Incl ude 51 50 for postage
VISA MC accepted
Phone orders are welcome
Phone Orders
303-7815750
CHA NEY
e le ctronics inc .
120 VAC
Xe n o n
Strobe Kit
Comple te van able
rate strobe l Ight kit
Ccn tams
all parts .
PCboard. . ' ,"
nne cord
and / .
instruction s 1/
C23071 S7.50
Top quality AC-DC cassette
recorder. modified to provide
5 continuous hours of re-
cording and playback of t rue
fidelity, distortion-free sound
on each side of cassett e for
a total of 10 hours. Unit has
many special built-in tea-
tures. TOK D-C180 cassette
supplied.
Phone call Adapter $24.50*. VOX $24.95*, C* plus
$1.00 ea. shipping & handling), 10 hr. Recorder
5125.00* C* plus $4.00 shipping & handling). Cali
fornia residents add tax. Mail Order, VISA. M/C. cod's
okay. quantity discounts available. Money back guar.
Free data.
AMCSALES. Dept. 19 9335 Lubec st, 80x 928
Downey. CA 90241, Phone (213) 869-8519
Record incoming and outgoing
calls automatically with this all
solid state unit connected to
your telephone jack and tape
recorder. Starts recording when
phone is lilt ed. St ops when you
hang up. making a permanent
record. Easily in st all ed. No
monthly charges.
FCC APPROVEO

Solid state. Self contained. Excel
lent adjustable sensit ivity. Voices
or other sounds activate and con-
trol recorder. Uses recorder mike or
remote mike.
x m x *" $24.95*
Sou nd Effe cts Generat or Basi c Kit
Now Ir s possible to bui ld your own sound effects generator
WIthout spendi ng a fortune. We supply you with the T176477
sound chi p plus an etched and drill ed glass epoxy PCboard
WIthsche matic and layout mstructrc ns. This board makes it .
Simple to build a generator capable of phaser sounds,
tocomouve.sirens, airplanes. clocks, etc. Does not require dip
SWItches or other expens rve.unusual components. You
supply a few standard resistors. capacitors. switches. pots ,
speaker. 2N2222 trans.stcr and 9V battery.
C23883 BaSIC Kit contalnmg T176471.
Only S5.95 PCboard and .nstrccncns
2N2222 Tran sistor for above C23884 .39 each
Solar Power
Solar Pow ered A M Rad io
Place .t in the suns hine and l isten to your
favori te stancn! Features gOOd quali ty
vol ume and tone f rom buut-in speaker.
Complete and readJ to operate, Makes a
un'au; g,ft' $24.95 Solar Panels
;..
pumps. radios , recharge batteries . etc.
. 12V125MA $49.00/ 12V 500MA $150.00
Speci al 9V 30MA Small Panel / - . '
For powenng transistor radios, V
calculators.
Sili c on Sol a r Cell
Experimentors Assortment
Each cell converts sunlight i nto ........ V
elect ri ci ty. Assortment contai ns one =--=
whole 2 men cen. s odd shaped pieces
and a small motor . 57.95
I
I

I
I
'I!
Send l or our free catalog of untqu e It ems
!. !::_==.:::: ...== . _=._::::.", .... :::: ...::::_=._=._=-=-=_-::,.;,,;_=_=.==_,,_=-=-=_."" .==dl
Enjoy Satellite TV Now
Better than CableTV-Over 200 TV and radio
services . Why waste money? Learn the whole
story and build a video systemthe family can
enjoy. No commercials. FREE movies, sports
and Vegas shows -worldwide, crystal clear
reception connects toanyTV set. Big (8x 11in.)
book loaded with details, photos, plans, kits-
TELLS EVERYTHING! Satisfacti on Guaranteed.
Send 57.95 TODAY! Add $2.00 for tst class (air mail) or call
our 24 hour C.O.D. rush order line (305) 8625068.
GLOBAL ELECTRONICS,
P.O. Box 219-E, Maitland, Florida 32751
I ITC
I ITI= f
_
dish In the wor ld 41db o.,l n! We . Iso sell di rect. , .,
Immedl,te delivery or you pIck up. Complete "(
det,lIs including altei ll te TV Inform. lion , ell ' i
service . nd discount schedule. Send
or 0' r
C.... 32707 --;
LIMITED quantity of Motorola 40-channel remote
CB radios w/o mikes. These are a closeout of new
D84Y18B806A radios made for 78-79 Lincolnl
Mercury/Ford automobiles. Shipping is prepaid
and orders received will be shi pped with in 24
hours. Send cashier's check or money order for
$70 to GUY GRIDER CB, 220 SE 89th, Oklahoma
City, OK 731 49
SATELLITE spherical TV antenna easy to buil d
from local parts fo r $20 0.00. Det ail ed plans
$20.00 . GEMINI T.V., 183 Lamport Blvd ., 5 .1.. NY
10305
Fromoffshore oil rigs,
data links to hotels
and backyard instal-
lations, we wrote the
book. Constantl y up,
dated, our 114 Peg.
technical information book and catalog gives you all
........ the facts. Inexpensive di shes, feeds, tel ern-
etry software, ki ts and more. Recom-
mended readi ng by NASA, The Offi ce
of Consumer Affa irs and qual ity com-
panies like Rockwell/Co llins . Send
\ $7.95 today! CALL
-J 24-hro. C. O.D. Hotll n.
(305) 339-7600
C SPACECOAST '
RESEARCH CORPORATION
Box 442- E, Al tamon te Spgs, FL 32701
CB EQUIPMENT
SATELLITE televislon... Howard/Coleman boards
to build your own receiver. For more informat ion
wr ite: ROBERT CO LEMAN, Rt. 3, Box 58-ARE.
Travelers Rest. SC 29690
SATELLITE TELEVISION
SatelliteTV!
FOR THE HOME
Sick of Network TV?
Our recei ver lets you get
over 75 channels of tele-
vision di rect ly fromearth-
orbiting cable TV satel-
lit es!: HBO. Showtime, su-
per stations, sports and
movies wor ldwide.
B' , nd _ p' od ue t, on w, plul
All 1\. 1, 101
,m.., ,,1 wor k bu<ld,-.q, Ul, I, TV
eon..,.t"I.t c No. mstJOII.
FACTORY SURPLUS UHF TUNERS
4
95
$3 95
u ,/10
SMASHINGAll SALES RECORDS - OUR NEW

CHANNEL ss
...l, ;I
f Of ' _ ' ''9 on '1OUl
TV ... "
No. 2I2Am47. . , . 15
HOT NEWIMPORTl REMOTE .
8
30
$71.95 on.'off SWItch and
.. / 5 f ..... f un f'ICI r ......l'gil
51.- 95 No. 29:ZVAZT!.
... 1 10
ETCOMKII WIRELESS-
THpE ULT-'-MATE .. 9
00 I nd VII "',nd h l ld

OUR LATEST 98 PAGE

"",,w.1
oil.,., W.. '.o<e.'d. l.... mlor
"""IOI' C.....d""' ... bf 'Dr'OWio
-----------
RUSHYOUR ETCO ELECT RONICS
ORDER TODAY TO, NORTH COUNTR Y SHOPPING CENTER
PLATTSBURGH. N.Y. 12901
Cnec k .... ,,, o.d e r, plU M' V,,,, & OK. ISorry, ee C O D:, Add 15"'-
100"UPS & H. nd h.., l Eltcfll ,.f..MtodI. N.Y. SUI tltd. nu.ckl rlo U1e1 tilt
0... .. & E"p o. t 'I'IqUO"" ""' .I.d 0 .. , l ..... phonti o, der dHk n... . ' cl OM'S
Call 1 !I1' 56 1 1 700
C/)
o
z
o
c::
I-
o
W
....J
W
o
Ci
c(
c::
106 CIRCLE 4 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD CIRC LE 23 ON FREE INFORMATI ON CARD
. .
.Ic.rIlstJlJ the first name in Counters !'
.' I
Power.
The CT-90 is the most versatile, feature packed count er ava ilable for less
than $300 .00! Advanced design features include; three selectabl e gate times,
nine digits, gate indicato r and a unique displ ay hold function which holds the
displayed count after the input signal is removed! Also, a I OmHz TCXO time
base is used which enables easy zero beat calibration checks against WWv.
Optionally; an internal nicad battery pack,extemal timebase input and Micro-
power high stabili ty crystal oven time base are available. The CT-9O,
performance you can count on!
9 DIGITS 600 MHz $129 95
SPECIFICATIONS: WIRED
Range: 20 Hz to 600 MHz
Sensitivity: Less than 10 MV to I SO MHz
Less than 50 MV to 500 MHz
Resolution: 0. 1 Hz ( 10 MHz range)
1.0 Hz (60 MHz range)
10.0 Hz (600 MHz range)
Display: 9 digits 0.4 " LED
Time base: Standard-IO.000 mHz, 1.0 ppm 20-40 C.
Optional Micr o-power oven-Oil ppm 20-40' C
8-15 VAC @ 250 ma
1295
109 95
'"
SI2H ,S
r=
CT90_nd. \ )far ... .". ny
.. ,.
AC\ AC adapur
8P1 "head pxk +AC
A41p.euC ha ra
QV.!. MICfo po-f r o.fll _....
El tt m. 1tIme buc 1II p111
7 DIGITS 525 MHz
Display;
Time bas e:
Power.
SPECIFICATIONS:
Range: 20 Hz to 525 MHz
Sensitivity: Less than 50 MV to ISO MHz
Less than 150 MV to 500 MHz
Resolution: 1.0 Hz (5 MHz range)
10.0 Hz (50 MHz range)
100.0 Hz (500 MHz range)
7 digits 0.4 " LED
1.0 ppm TC XO 20-40 'C
12 VAC @ 250 ma
The CT- 70 breaks the price barri er on lab qualit y frequency counters,
Deluxe features such as; threefrequencyranges - eachwithpre-amplification,
dual selectable gate times, and gate activity indication make measurements a
snap. The wide frequency range enables you to accurately measure signals
from audio thru UHF with 1.0 ppm accuracy - that' s .OOOI %! The CT-70 is
the answer to all your measurement needs, in the field, lab or ham shack.
PRICES:
CT-70 wired, I year warranty
CT-70 Kit, 90 day parts war-
ranty ,
AC-I AC adapter
BP-I Nicad pack + AC
adapter! charger
$99.95
84.95
3.95
12.95
7 MHz
$79 95
WIRED

Display:
Time base:
Power.
PRICES:
MINI-IOO wired, I year
warranty $79.95
MINI-I OO 90 day part
warranty 59.95
AC-Z Ac adapt er for MINI-
100 . 3.95
BP-Z Nic ad pack and AC
adapter / charger 12.95
Here's a handy, general purpos e counter that provides most counter
functions at an unbelie vabl e price. The MINI-IOO doesn't have the full
frequency range or input impedance qualiti es found in higher price units, but
for basic RF signal measurements, it can't be beat! Acc urate measurements
can be made from I MHz all the way up t05 00 MHz with excellent sensitivity
throughout the range, and the two gate times let you select the resolution
desired, Add the nicad packoption and the MINI-IOO makes an ideal addition
to your tool box for "in-the-field" frequency checks and repairs,
SPECIFICATIONS:
Range; I MHz to 500 MHz
Sensitivity: Less than 25 MV
Resolution: 100 Hz (s low gate)
1.0 KHz (fast gate)
7 digits, 0.4" LED
2.0 ppm 20-40 'C
5 VDC @ 200 ma
DIGITAL MULTIMETER'S99
.' .
119.95
14.95
,.,.
$159 .95
29.95
r- " .. ... -.
10 Megohms, DC' AC volts
10.1% basic DC volts
4 ' C cells
KV,5 ranges
, '*'1'9 .... ""'If'
0.1 UAto 2.0 Amps, 5 ranges
0. 1 ohms to 20 Megohms, 6 ranges
,,.
cr-50 wired, I year warranty
CT-50 Kit, 90 day parts
warr anty . . ""
AA-17 receiver adapter kit
RA-I wiredan d pro-program-
med ( send copy: Of receiver
schematic)
current
Resistance:
Input
impedance:
Accuracy;
Power.
SP ECIFICATIONS:
DC' AC volts: lOOuV to I
DC' AC

Th e DM-700 offer s professional quality performa nce at a hob byist pr ice.
Featur es include; 26 differen t ranges and 5 funct ions, all ar ranged in a
convenient, easy to usc format . Measur ements are disp layed on a large 3th
dicit, th inch LED readou t with automati c deci mal placement, automat ic
polar ity, ove rrange ind ication end oveeloe d prorection up t o 1250 volts on all
ranges, making it Ylrtua lly goof- proof! Th e 700 looks great. I han dsome,
jet black, rugged ASS case with convenient ret ract able t ilt bail makes it an
ideal addit ion to any shop. 19.95
2.95
79.95
3.95
$99.95
SP ECIFICATIONS:
20 Hz to 600 MHz The CT- 50 is a versati le lab bench counter that will measure up t0600 MHz
Less than 25 my to 150 MHz with 8 digit precision. And. one of its best features is the Receive Fre quency
Less than ISO mv to 600 MHz Adapter, which turns the CT-50 into a digital readout for any receiver. The
adapter i. easily programmed for any receiver and a simple connection to the
8 digits2
0
.
4
" LED2 range receiver' s VFO is all that is required for use. Adding the recei ver adapt er in no
2.0 ppm 20-40'C way limits the operation of the CT-50 , the adapter can be conveniently
110 VAC or 12 VDC switched on or oft The CT-50, a counter that can work double-duty!-
8 'DIGITS 600 MHz
PRICES:
DM-700 wired, I yearwarranty
DM-700 90 day parts
warranty
AC- I , AC ada ptor
BP-3, Nic ad
adapter/ charge r
MP-I , Pr obe kit
,.,
' ..
. alauumins .- '1'" Sa, .. ...d . om.n.lo" Odo, I no'pl. o,.d
el ' . l " [jj t; (AL.. l III l.. . c::::I r. tu, n ,n ouglnol form for r.fund Add S' for l h' pplng
PHONE ORDERS . ,nl uro nc. ,o o mo u mum of S1Q O.... rl .olodd l S' COD a dd
2575 BAIRD RD. PENFI ELD, NY 14526 CALL 716-586-3950 51 O, d... und" ,51 0 odd Sl 50 Ny , ."d.n" odd 7'" '0'
AUDIO SCALER
..
For high resolution audio measurements. multiplies
UP in frequency.
Great for PL tones
Multipl ies by 10 or 100
0.0 I Hz resolution!
$2995 Kit $3995 Wired
t.
ACCESSORIES
Telescopic whip antenna - BNC plug $ 7.95
High impedance probe, light loading . . 15.95
Low pass probe. for audio measurements . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.95
Direct probe, general purpose usage : 12.95
Tilt bail, for CT 70 , 90, MINI-I OO .. . . . .. .. .. . . 3.95
Color burst calibration unit, calibrate s count er
against color TV signal, . . .. .. .. . .. . . . .. .. .. .. . . . . . .. . .. . . .. 14.95
COUNTER PREAMP
For meas uri ng extrem ely weak signals fro m 10 to 1,()()Q
MH: . Small sue. powered by plug transformer-included .
Fl at 25 db gain
BNC Connect ors
Great for snilling RF with pick-up loop
$34 95 Kit $44 95 Wired
,
CIRCLE 17 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
107
Get The Authority-Every Month
Name (Please pri nt)
LASER VIDEODISC
continued from page 83
R3013. Output at pin 4 is applied through
a 540-nanosecond delay line, DL5103, to
pin 4 of the Video Demodulator II
module. Here the composite video sig-
nal is applied to point A of the electronic
dropout switch.
The 64-microsecond delayed video-
FM signal is applied via pin 17 to the
FM demodulator stage of the Video De-
mod ulator II module. Its composite
video output is available at Pin I and is
applied to a video amplifier. The fre-
quency response of that amplifier rolls
off at 2.6 MHz because the 64-micro-
second delay line (DL5101 in Fig. 6)
cannot pass signals above that frequency.
As a result, dropout corrections occur
in black-and-white only. The effect,
however, is not noticeable on the TV
screen because of the small areas of the
picture involved. Gain control R3013
controls the gain of the video amplifier.
The video input is applied to point B of
the dropout switch and can be monitored
at the test point on Pin 10of the Video
Demodulator II module.
The electronic-dropout switch there-
fore receives a 540-nanosecond delayed-
video signal at point A and a line-delayed
composite video signal at point B (64-
microsecond delay). The voltage at pin
Address
15 determines which of those signals
will be applied to the electronic burst
switch. When a dropout occurs, the
voltage at pin 15goes high and creates a
dropout pulse for the duration of the
dropout. The dropout switch, normally
in position A, receives the undelayed
video signal (540 nanoseconds). How-
ever, when a dropout pluse is present,
the dropout switch move s to position B
and receives the delayed (64-'microsec-
ond) video signal. The selected signal
leaves the module at pins 7 and II.
The undelayed video signal is actually
delayed by 540 nanoseconds-the time
required for the dropout circuitry to re-
spond to the actual dropout. The actual
time difference between the two types
of video signals is 64 microseconds less
540 nanoseconds, or approximately
63.5 microseconds, the true scan time
of one horizontal raster line.
The electronic burst switch in the
Video Demodulator I module is used to
maintain the 18D-degree phase difference
in the 3.58-MHz chroma (color) signal
from frame to frame during special
mdoes of operation, such as still-picture,
reverse, fast forward, etc . The chroma
signal is normally 180 degrees out of
phase from track to track on the video-
disc. That relationship is also true from
frame to frame on normal TV broad-
casts and its purpose is to cancel 3.58-
MHz interference. However, when the
PR011CTYOUR CAR
AGAINST AUTOl1lEfT
. IWlor19l1O TV ""
. .. _d... I W..........
c.-<l.1l llltUtl
same track is being played over and
over again, the chroma signal would
not be out of phase from frame to frame.
Tointroduce that phase difference , the
signal is therefore delayed by 140nano-
seconds during alternate revolutions
when still-picture viewing is called for.
That delay is equivalent to one half of a
3.58-MHz period. The electronic burst
switch switches the delay line DL5102
in or out depending upon the viewing
mode being used (still picture , reverse
play, fast forward, etc .).
The resultant composite video signal
is then fed to a Video Processor module
and to a Reference Control module, as
shown in Fig. 8. A video-muting input
at pin 16 blanks the video signal during
return of the laser beam to the inside of
the disc and during initial tum-on. The
video signal is also proce ssed by the
DC clamp circuit that clamps the video
signal to the correct DC level.
Composite video is clipped in the
Reference Control module by the
amplifier/clipper stage. The resulting
clipped video contains the digital code
that represents the picture or frame
number. That code is applied to the de-
coder block on the Mode Control
module. A video generator actually
creates the separate video signal for
displ aying the picture number. A video
signal that provides a gray background
behind the numbers on the screen is
also generated by those circuits. Those
video signals are then applied to the
2nd video amplifier at pins 7 and II of
the Video Processor module and the
resultant video is then applied to the
Rf Modulator as well as to the rear-
panel monitor jack, via an emitter fol-
lower.
As elaborate as that video and audio
processing circuitry may seem, it is
really only one half the story of what
takes place inside the new optical -laser
video disc players. Full y as much elec-
tronic circuitry (not to mention the pre-
cision mechanical system) is associated
with the servo-control circuitry that
performs such functions as turntable
motor control , tangential-tracking mir-
ror control , radial-tracking mirror con-
trol , slide-drive control , objective-lens
control (focus) and tum-on sequence
logic. All of which makes the new video-
disc players an almost miraculous
achievement when one considers that
they don 't cost much more than many
audiophiles spend for a super-perform-
ing audio turntable. R-E
Unlliedway
Thanks to you,lt works. f'or all of' us.
Zip State
EXTRA SAVINGS If you enclose payment.
o Payment enclosed (send two ext ra Issues per year)
o Bill me
o Check here if you are extendi ng or renewing your
subscri ptio n.
Extr a Shipping: Canada $3.00 per year, all other countr ies $5.00 per year.
Mail to: Radio-Elect ronics
City
o 2 Years-24 issues ONLY $25.00
(Save Mor e! $5.00 off newsst and price.)
Indicate t he offer you pref er :
o 1 Year-12 Issues ONLY $13.00
(You save $2.00 off newsstand pr ice.)
en
o
Z
o
a:
I-
o
W
...J
W
6
Ci
-c
a:
108
Demand fo r the MicroAce is very high: use the
coupon to order today for the earliest possible
delivery. All orders will be despatched in strict
rot ation. If you are unsuccessful in const ructing
your kit , we will repair it f or a fee of $20.00, post and
packing FREE. Of course, you may return your
MicroAce as received within 14 days for a f ull
refund. We want you to be satisfied beyond all
doubt - and we have no doubt that you wi ll be.
The MicroAce teach-yourself
BASIC manual.
If t he feat ures of the BASIC interpreter mean
litt le to you-do n't wo rry. They' re all explained in the
specially-writte n book free wit h every kit ! The book
makes learning easy, exciti ng and enjoyable, and
represents a complete course in BASIC
programming-from first principles to complex
programs. (Available separately-purc hase price
refunded if you buy a MicroAce later.)
A hardwa re manual is also incl uded with every kit .
The MicroAce Kit :
$149.09 with IK COMPLETE
$169.00 with 2K
RAM (expandable to 2K on board) is roughly
equivalent t o 4K bytes in a conventional computer
- typically st oring 100 lines of BASIC. (Key wor ds
occupy only a single bvte.)
The display shows 32 characters by 24 lines.
And Benchmark tests show that t he Mi croAce is
faster than all ot her personal computers .
No other personal computer offers this unique
combinat ion of high capability and low price.
PEEK and POKE enable entry of machine code
inst ructions, USR causes jump to a user's
machine language sub-routine .
High-resolution graphics with 22 standard
graphi c symbols.
All characters printable in reverse under
program control.
Lines of unlimited length.
Fewer chips, compact design,
volume production-more power
per Dollar!
The MicroAce owes it s remarkable low price to its
remarkable design: the whole system is packed on
to fewer, newer , more powerful and advanced LSI
chips. A single SUPER ROM, for instance, contains
the BASIC interpreter, t he character set, operati ng
system, and monitor. And the MicroAce 1K byte
' Excellent value' indeed!
For just $149.00 (inc luding handling charge) you
get everythin g .vou need to ouuo a personal
computer at home. .. PCB, wit h IC sockets f or all
ICs; case; leads for direct connect ion to a cassette
recorder and television (black and white or color);
everyt hing!
Yet the MicroAce really is a complete, powerful,
fu ll-facility computer, mat ching or surpassing ot her
personal computers at several times the price.
The MicroAce is programmed in BASIC, and you
can use it to do quite literally anything, f rom playing
chess to managing a business.
The MicroAce is pleasantly straightforward to
assemble, using a fine-tipped soldering iron. It
immediately proves what a good job you' ve done:
connect it to your TV ... link it to t he mains adaptor
... and you're ready to go.
A MicrOcomputer
for everyone al
a Micro Price
The lMicrofkil - a new generation of
miniature computers
A COMPLETE COMPUTER
for $149.00 for 1K Kit
Post and Packing FREE
(Add 6% Tax for Shipments inside California)
The unique
and valuable
components of the MicroAce
The MicroAce is not just another personal
computer. Quite apart f rom its exceptionally low
price, the MicroAce has two uniquely advanced
components: the powerful BASIC interpreter, and
the simple teach yourself BASIC manual.
The unique versati le BASIC interpreter offers
remarkable programming advantages:
Unique ' one-touch" key word entry: the
MicroAce eliminates a great deal of
tiresome typing. Key words (RUN, PRINT,
LIST, etc .) have their own single-key entry .
Unique syntax check. Only lines with correct
syntax are accepted into programs. A cursor
ident ifi es errors immediately. This prevents
entry of long and complicated programs with
faults only discovered when you try to run
them.
Excellent string-hand ling capability - takes up
to 26 string variables of any lengt h. All strings
can undergo all relational tests (e.g.
comparison) . The MicroAce also has string
input - to request a line of text when
necessary. Strings do not need to be
dimensioned .
Up to 26 single dimension arrays.
FORINEXT loops nested up 26.
Variable names of any length.
BASIC language also handles full Boolean
arithmetic, conditional expressions, etc.
Except ionally powerful edit facilities, allows
modification of exist ing program lines.
Randomise function, useful for games and
secret codes, as well as more serious
applications
Timer under program control.
,
I
I
I
I
I
I
s::
:>
I
JJ
o
::I:
J
....
co
<Xl
....
109
Exp. Date _

,
Order
Master Charge
Visa
Card No. _
JOIN THE REVOLUTION - DON'T GET LEFT
BEHIND - ORDER YOUR MICRO ACE NOW!!
Name _
MicroAce Kit 1K $149.00
MicroAce Kit 2K $169.00
Manual $10.00
1K Upgrade Kit $29.00
Shipments insideCalifornia
TOTAL
add 6% TAX

;;nd Check, Money Order or quote your Credit Card No. to:
MicroAce 1348 East Edinger, Santa Ana, California, Zip Code 92705.
I or phone (714) 547 2526 quoting your Credit Card Number.
Quanti ty Description Unit Price TOTAL
Your MicroAce kit
contains...
Printed circuit board, with
IC sockets for all ICs.
Complete compo nents set,
including all ICs-ali
manufactured by selected
world-leading suppliers.
New rugged keyboard ,
touch-sensitive, wipe-clean. I
Ready-moulded case.
Leads and plugs for I
connect ion to domestic TV
and cassette recorder.
(Programs can be SAVEd I
and LOADed on to a
portable cassette recorder.) I
Mains adaptor of 600 mA
at 9VDC nomi nal I
unregulated.
FREE course in BASIC I
programming and user
manual.
Sockets for
TV, cassette
recorder,
power
supply.
SUPER
ROM.
Rugged,
flush,
Keyboard
Z80 A microprocessor
Chip, widely recognised
as the best ever made.

._._.

iiilli - - ..
M/C( )
FREE
COMPUTER
CATALOG
UPON

DI.count _
on TRS-aO'.
263001 4K Color 536'0.00
261062 16K III '" .. 666.00
264002 64K 1 ORIVE . .. . 3440.00
1-800-841-0860 TOLL 'I"
Mlcao MANAOIMINT SlSTlMS. INC.
Downtown Plaza Center
115 C. SKond Av. S.W.
Cairo. Georgia 31728
912 3777120 Ga . Phone No.
NOISE FILTER
continued fr om page 44
minimum. A further advantage pro-
vided by multiple notch-filter tech-
niques, is that the worst possible adjust-
ment is limited to between 8 dB and 10
dB of attenuation. If a sliding cut -off
filter were used , that might not be the
limit and the error induced could be in-
tolerable.
With the ASRU, the maximum per-
missible error can be set by the user
and the possibilit y of obt aining an
unnatural res ponse-where a low-
frequency band might be attenuated
more than a higher-frequency one-is
avo ided. The noise-reduction control
and the spectra l-tracking concept with
feedback are two features that make
the operation of the ASRU so effec-
tive, yet free of side effects.
Next month. we will provide the cir-
cuit det ails for both the noise reduction
and dynamic range expander portions
of the ASRU. The construction details
will also be given. R-E
39 Vect or 72
Wersi 83
31 Ze nit h Radio Corp 22-23
44 Protecto Ent erprises 72
7 Quest Electronics 98
18 Radio Sh ack 105
17 Ramsey El ectronics 107
14 SLG, Waber 86
Sabtroni cs 13
52 Shure Brothers Inc 80
53 Simpson Electric Company 39
45 Simutek Computer Products 79
Sinclair Research Ltd 27
42 Solid State Sales 104
Spacecoas t 106
Sur plus Center 104
10 Tab, Electronics Book Club 71
60,61 Triplett Cover 2
USI 104
Page
ADVERTISING INDEX
RADIO-ELECTRONICS does not assume
any responsibility for errors that may
appear in the index below.
23 AMC Sales 106
AMF, Electro-Components Dirl sion 104
ATV Research 89
32 Actire Elect ronics 91
34 Advanced Compnter Products 92-93
Advance Electronics 26, 32,34- 35
54 Albia Electronics Inc 81
46 All Electronics 102
22 Amer ica n Antenna Back Cove r
40 Ancr ona 103
3 B & K 17
Karel Barta 104
47 Beckman 2
Bullet Elect ronics 102
Burdex Secur ity Co 89
12 Byte 37
41 CFR, Associates Inc 94
CIE, Cleveland Institute of Electronics 18- 21
57 Cambridge Learning Inc 38
28 Channellock Inc 36
20 Chaney Electronics 106
Command Productions : 104
49 Communications Electronics 88
36 Concord Computer Components 94
Crystal Radio 90
Dage 89
35 Digi-Key Corp 99
62 Discwasher Cover 3
4 Etco 104, 106
37 Fluke 7
56,55 For dham 78,24
5 Formula International 96-97
24 Gladstone Electronics 110
58 Global Specialties Corp 40
Global T.V. Electronics 106
38 Godbout Electronic 102
Grantham College of Engineering 88
63 Hal-Tronix 102
26,25 Heath 25,74
Information Unlimited 104
13 Internationa l Components 87
51 International Cry stal MFG, Co. Inc 78
29 International Electronics Unlimited 95
JS & A 1
19 Jameco Electr onics 100-101
27 Jan Cry stals 82
Joe 89
33 Keithley Instruments Inc 86
48 Magnavox 5
15 Meshna Inc 94
6 Micro-Ace 109
Micro Management Systems, Inc 110
NRI Schools 8- 11
NTS, Na tional Technical Schools 28-3 1
59 Netronics 77
30 Non-Linear Systems 33
8 O.K. Machine & Tool Corp 15
II On Computing 75
9 Ora Electronics 73
16 Paccom 83
2 Paia Electronics 88
43 Poly Paks 98
Free Information Number
Vlsa( )
_____Exp. _
Name _
Address _
City Z1p _
Please send _
AmI. enclosed _
Check ( ) MIO(
Number
ILP AUDIO MODULES
A newconceot in audio design
Compact high performance modules
Ideal tor : Home music systems
Subwoofers and bl -arnplltlcatlon
Musical Instrument amplification
Professional sound reinforcement
MODULAR SYSTEMS
APPROACH ALLOWS YOU TO
BUY ONLY WHAT YOU NEED!
Stereo or Mono, you decide wattage
Basic power or with preamplification
Start simple, expand when you need
to Design your own custom cases
FULL FIVE YEAR WARRANTY
Power Amplifiers
Bulltl n heatsl nks
Protected circuitry
No external parts
required
,. 5 simple
connections
HY50 30 watts RMS $28.95
High pe rformance amp with rugRed aluminum heat-
sinks. Measure only 4" x 2" x l' thick! Mounts with
2 screws. Gives 30 watts RMS at 0.02% distortion.
Response 10 - 45 KHz. 4 to 16 ohms. 25 V/2A.
HY30. 15 watts RMS. Size/specs as HY5O. 20 V/2A. 25.95
HY200 120 watts RMS $79.95
. High perlormance amplilier with
large heatsink area lor co ol opera-
t ion. Fully protected circuitry. Dlstor
tio n only 0.01% at 120 watts RMS (1
KHz). Response 10 Hz - 45 KHz. SiN
ratio 100 db. Only five con nections.
x
Requires 45 V/3A.
HY120. 60 W RMS. Specs/s ize as HY200. 35 V/2A. 59.95
HY400 240 Watts (4 ohm). Double the power,
do uble heatslnk areal Same specs as HY12OJ200. May
. . $99.95
HY400 bridging circuit lor 4SO watt. a.aUabla 1981.
PreAmplifiers
HY66 Stereo HY8
$48.95 Mono
$25.95
Inputs lor RIAAphono, tape with monitor, tuner , aux-
Iliary and microphone; lull tone co nt rol ci rcu it ry. In
cred ible performa nce: Resp onse DC to 100 KHz,
dist ort ion 0.05% , SIN 90 db. Outp ut to 4.5 VRMS. s up-
plied wit h edge connectors. Compact. Reli able. Inte r-
nal voltage regulatio n - us e Irom 15 t o 50 V satelvl
May be used In mu ltiples lo r PA, Instrument mixer s
etc . Order opt iona l pcb's to extend edge connectors:
88 (lor HY6) 53.75 and 866 (for HY66)$4.75
Power Supplies
Circuit boards with all components plus TOROIDAL
tra nslormers (except PSU30 and 36). Toroldals are hall
t he size and weight of conventional transformers; and
are quieter and more efficient. Note: HY6 and HY66
can also be powe red from any supply. .
PSU50 lor 1 or 2 HY50 533.60
PSU60 lor 1 HY120 551.00
PSU70 for 1 or 2 HY120 $64.00
PSU90 lo r 1 HY200 $65.50
PSU18010r1 HY400or2HY200 : $89.50
PSU36 for 1 or 2 HY30 533.60
PSU30 lor 12 HY6 or 6 HY66 522.95
Telephone Order (716) 8490735
DEALER AND OEM ENQUIRIES INVITED

901 Fuhrmann Blvd., Buffalo N.Y. 14203
en
o
Z
o
a:
I-
o
W
...J
W
,
o
is
In Canada: GI8datone Electronica, Toronto, Ontario a: _ -4
CIRCLE 24 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
110
ANEWSTANDARD
OF RECORD CARE
NEW D4 FLUID
Inherently more active against record contamination.
Inherently safe for record vinyl. Preferentially
absorptive formula carries all contamination off the record.
NEWD4 FABRIC
Unique directional fibers preferentially remove fluid
and contamination. D4 fabric results in clearly better
cleaning, better drying and ultimately residue-free surfaces.
UNMATCHED VALUE
The Discwasher D4 Systemisenhanced by the durability
and aesthetics of the hand-finished walnut handle.
Included in the D4 Systemare the DC-1 PadCleaner and
new instructions.
discwasher
P RODUCTS TO CARE FOR YOUR MUSIC
Discwasher, Inc. , 1407 N. Providence Rd., Columbia, MO 65201
CIRCLE 62 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
PAL: ". . 20% better in transmission and
reception than my 5/8 wave Pal Firestik ."
-John A. Blum. Box 446. Ze/ienolp/e. PA
SHAKESPEARE: ".. . I've been a CB'er for
three years and the K40 is the best I've ever
had. Better in reception and transmission than
my Shakespeare ."
-H. Bachert. Jr.. 15 King Rd. Park Ridga, NJ
HUSTLER: "Compared to my Hustler XBLT-
4, the K40' can consistently transmit 40 %
further and the reception was better. The K40 is
the perfect way to complete a CB system."
-Jerome R. Brown, 7800 S. Linder, Burbank, IL
. . . Here's what CB'ers all
across the country said.
3. It's proven best!
. .. Here's what the leading CB
publications said.
ANTENNA SPECIALISTS: ". . . truck driver and CB'er for
10 years . . . 50 % further than my M410 'Big Momma'."
-J.H. Col/ett 207 McFee. Bastrop. LA
AVANTI: " I' m an electronic technician with a Second Class
FCC license ... I was able to transmit 70 % further and tune
the SWR75 % lower than my Avanti."
-H. R. Castro, VRB. Monserrante 0 -67. Salinas. Puerto Rico
CB TIMES: ". . . it' s not often that a product bursts onto the mar-
ket scene , dominates and improves CB'ing for everyone. American
Antenna and the K40 are doing it-repeated tests showed the K40
could out-performthe major competitive brands."
RADIO-ELECTRONICS: " The result s of our tests showed
that, in three different positions of the monitoring receiver, the
model K40 equaled or out-performed the competitive antenna.
Apparentl y, American Antenna's advertising is not merely Madison
Avenue showmanship."
PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS: ". . an impressi ve
95 % of the trials, the K40 out-performed the existing mobile anten-
nas. We had to try one for ourselves.
. in every case, the K40 either equaled or out-performed its
competitor.
" No lts, ands, or buts! The K40 Antenna from American Antenna would have to
be just about the best n t e ~ u n d
CB MAGAZINE: " Introduced in Octob er, 1977, the K40 quickl y became the
top seller and in mid 1978, became the number one selling antenna in the nation."
I
It's made
better...
In one year our K4Q. antenna
has become the largest selling
CB antenna inthe world!
2.
' Including opt ion-
al mounts at extra
cost.
MORE QUALITY:
It' s not imported . It' s not
made in Taiwan, Korea or
Japan. It's American made in
an American town. It's made
with better materials that
cost more and by profession-
al people we pay more. And
we design ed it right
here in the U.S.A.
MORE FLEXIBILITY:
You can fit your K40 to any
mounting surface . It will fit
any vehicl e you' ll ever own!
That includes choppers, dune
buggies, gutters, mirror
mounts, luggage racks, trunks ,
hatchbacks, through roofs,
semis, pick ups and RV's.
... This
Antenna
is so
DYNAMITE
J'ou receive a
542.
50
suggested retail
And when you
pay more,
you expect more!
MORE PERFORMANCE:
. The K40 is guaranteed to
transmit further or receive
clearer than any antenna it
replaces . We know it will.
We've tested it with 771
CB'ers just like you for one
year .
1. It's more
expensive ...