Biology The Unity and Diversity of Life

12th Edition Starr Test Bank

Visit to Download in Full: https://testbankdeal.com/download/biology-the-unity-and-div
ersity-of-life-12th-edition-starr-test-bank/
Biology The Unity and Diversity of Life 12th Edition Starr Test Bank

CHAPTER 2
LIFE’S CHEMICAL BASIS

Multiple-Choice Questions

START WITH ATOMS

IMPACTS, ISSUES: WHAT ARE YOU WORTH?
M 5. Which is the smallest unit of an element that retains
M 1. Toxic elements such as mercury and arsenic are
the properties of the element?
found in the human body because
a. atom
a. of contamination from the environment.
b. compound
b. trace amounts of these elements have vital
c. ion
biological functions.
d. molecule
c. they are needed to kill bacteria.
e. mixture
d. they may be ingested with food but inactivated
Answer: a
by cells.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
e. in small amounts they are biologically inactive
and tolerated by cells. M 6. Which is NOT an element?
Answer: b a. water
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension b. oxygen
c. carbon
M 2. The collection of elements that make up the human
d. chlorine
body are worth approximately
e. hydrogen
a. 46 thousand dollars.
Answer: a
b. 30 million dollars.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension/Analysis
c. 118 dollars.
d. 5 thousand dollars. E 7. The atomic number refers to the
e. none of these. a. mass of an atom.
Answer: c b. number of protons in an atom.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge c. number of both protons and neutrons in an atom.
d. number of neutrons in an atom.
M 3. Whether one atom will bond with another depends
e. number of electrons in an atom.
on the element and the number and arrangement of
Answer: b
its
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
a. protons.
b. neutrons. M 8. Atoms of isotopes
c. electrons. a. are electrically unbalanced.
d. neutrinos. b. behave the same chemically and physically but
e. pions. differ biologically from other isotopes.
Answer: c c. are the same physically and biologically but
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge differ from other isotopes chemically.
d. have the same number of protons but a different
E 4. The atom found in the greatest amount in the human
number of neutrons.
body is
e. are produced when atoms lose electrons.
a. hydrogen.
Answer: d
b. carbon.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
c. nitrogen.
d. oxygen. M 9. Which of the following historical figures came up
e. phosphorus. with the idea of the periodic table?
Answer: a a. Demitri Medeleev
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge b. Niels Bohr
c. Louis Pateur
d. Robert Koch
e. None of these
Answer: a
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

Chapter 2 Life’s Chemical Basis 9

Visit TestBankDeal.com to get complete for all chapters

E 10. The subatomic particle(s) with a negative charge M 16. The atomic mass (mass number)of an atom is
is(are) determined by the combined masses of its
a. the neutron. a. neutrons and protons.
b. the proton. b. neutrons and electrons.
c. the electron. c. protons and electrons.
d. both the neutron and proton. d. protons, neutrons, and electrons.
e. both the proton and electron. e. neutrons, nucleus, and electrons.
Answer: c Answer: a
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
E 11. The subatomic particle(s) with a positive charge E 17. The periodic table of the elements was devised by
is(are) a. Henri Becquerel.
a. the neutron. b. Demitri Mendeleev.
b. the proton. c. Melvin Calvin.
c the electron. d. Marie Curie.
d. both the neutron and proton. e. Becquerel and Mendeleev.
e. both the proton and electron. Answer: b
Answer: b Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
E 18. The atomic number is the number of
E 12. The subatomic particle(s) with no charge is(are) a. neutrons and protons.
a. the neutron. b. neutrons and electrons.
b. the proton. c. protons and electrons.
c. the electron. d. protons only.
d. both the neutron and proton. e. neutrons only.
e. both the proton and electron. Answer: d
Answer: a Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
M 19. Which of the following is false concerning the atom
E 13. The nucleus of an atom contains in the figure?
a. neutrons and protons.
b. neutrons and electrons.
c. protons and electrons.
d. protons only.
e. neutrons only.
Answer: a
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
E 14. Which components of an atom have negative
charges? a. The number of protons and the number of
I. electrons electrons are equal.
II. protons b. It has an atomic mass of 4.
III. neutrons c. Electrons are moving around the nucleus.
a. I only d. It has an atomic number of 2.
b. II only e. The number of electrons exceeds the number of
c. III only protons.
d. I and II Answer: e
e. II and III Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension/Application/Synthesis
Answer: a E 20. All atoms of an element have the same number of
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge/Analysis a. ions.
b. protons.
E 15. Which components of an atom do not have a charge? c. neutrons.
I. electrons d. electrons.
II. protons e. protons and neutrons.
III. neutrons Answer: b
a. I only Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
b. II only
c. III only
d. I and II
e. II and III
Answer: c
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge/Analysis

10 Test Bank
D 21. Which of the following statements is NOT true? M 27. The radioactive decay of 14C produces
a. All isotopes of an element have the same number a. carbon 12.
of electrons. b. carbon 13.
b. All isotopes of an element have the same number c. more carbon 14.
of protons. d. nitrogen 14.
c. All isotopes of an element have the same number e. oxygen 14.
of neutrons. Answer: d
d. We refer to isotopes by mass number. Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
e. 12C and 13C are isotopes.
Answer: c
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension/Analysis WHY ELECTRONS MATTER

M 22. In the chemical shorthand 14C, the 14 represents the E 28. Which is NOT a compound?
number of a. salt (NaCl)
a. excess neutrons. b. a carbohydrate (contains C, H and O)
b. protons plus neutrons. c. carbon (C)
c. electrons. d. a nucleotide (contains P, C, H, and O)
d. protons plus electrons. e. methane (CH4)
e. radioactive particles. Answer: c
Answer: b Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension/Analysis
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge/Application
M 29. By analogy, the orbitals and atomic nucleus may be
said to most resemble
PUTTING RADIOISOTOPES TO USE a. a merry-go-round.
b. a sundial.
M 23. Radioactive isotopes have c. a multilevel apartment building.
a. excess electrons. d. a nest of mixing bowls.
b. excess protons. e. ripples in a pond.
c. excess neutrons. Answer: c
d. insufficient neutrons. Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension/Synthesis
e. insufficient protons.
Answer: c M 30. Magnesium has 12 protons. How many electrons are
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge in its third energy level?
a. 2
E 24. __________ molecule(s) can be detected as it (they) b. 4
pass(es) through the human body and is (are) used c. 6
for diagnosis. d. 8
a. A decay e. 10
b. A tracer Answer: a
c. An electron Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application
d. An atomic
e. Both the proton and electron M 31. Magnesium has 12 protons. How many electrons are
Answer: b in its first energy level?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge a. 2
b. 4
D 25. Tracers are elements that c. 6
a. are used in minute amounts in plants. d. 8
b. can be monitored through biochemical reactions. e. 10
c. must be inert. Answer: a
d. have an unbalanced electrical charge. Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application
e. must have a stable nucleus.
Answer: b M 32. Magnesium has 12 protons. How many electrons are
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge in its second energy level?
a. 2
M 26. Which statement concerning radioisotope 14C is b. 4
false? c. 6
a. It can be substituted for 12C in glucose and the d. 8
body will still be able to use the compound. e. 10
b. It has a different number of protons than 12C. Answer: d
c. It has more neutrons than 12C. Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application
d. It behaves the same chemically as 12C.
e. It has six carbons and eight neutrons.
Answer: b
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension/Analysis

Chapter 2 Life’s Chemical Basis 11

M 33. Which statement is NOT true? D 39. Which of the following is NOT accurate concerning
a. Electrons closest to the nucleus are at the lowest ionization?
energy level. a. When one atom loses electrons, another must
b. No more than two electrons can occupy a single gain electrons.
orbital. b. When an atom loses an electron, it becomes
c. Electrons are unable to move out of the assigned negatively charged.
orbital space. c. Ionic bonds form between ionized atoms.
d. The innermost orbital holds two electrons. d. In the compound NaCl, Na loses an electron to
e. At the second energy level there are four become positive.
possible orbitals with a total of eight electrons. e. In an ion, the number of protons and electrons is
Answer: c unequal.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension/Analysis Answer: b
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension/Analysis
E 34. Water is an example of a(n)
a. atom.
b. ion. WHAT HAPPENS WHEN ATOMS INTERACT?
c. compound.
d. mixture. D 40. Nitrogen has an atomic number of 7. How many
e. element. hydrogen atoms are necessary to join with the
Answer: c nitrogen to form a stable compound?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge a. 1
E 35. Which includes the other four? b. 2
a. atoms c. 3
b. molecules d. 4
c. electrons e. 5
d. elements Answer: c
e. protons Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application
Answer: b D 41. Oxygen, with an atomic number of 8, has
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge __________ electrons in the first energy level and
M 36. Which statement is false? __________ electrons in the second energy level.
a. A molecule is made of at least two atoms. a. 1; 7
b. Compounds are made of elements. b. 2; 6
c. Two atoms of oxygen make a molecule of c. 3; 5
oxygen. d. 4; 4
d. Proportions of elements in compounds vary e. 5; 3
according to their source in nature. Answer: b
e. Elements are found in compounds and Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application
molecules. M 42. The bond in table salt (NaCl) is
Answer: d a. polar.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension/Analysis b. ionic.
M 37. A molecule is c. covalent.
a. a combination of two or more atoms. d. double.
b. a mixture of atoms. e. nonpolar.
c. electrically charged. Answer: b
d. a carrier of one or more extra neutrons. Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
e. none of these. D 43. In __________ bonds, both atoms exert the same
Answer: a pull on shared electrons.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge a. nonpolar covalent
E 38. An atom that gains or loses electrons becomes b. polar covalent
a. more stable. c. double covalent
b. an ion. d. triple covalent
c. a molecule. e. coordinate covalent
d. unable to form bonds. Answer: a
e. radioactive. Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
Answer: b
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

12 Test Bank
 WATER’S LIFE-GIVING PROPERTIES
M 44. Which of these statements is false concerning
covalent bonds?
E 49. Hydrophobic interactions are exhibited with
a. Atoms share electrons.
a. ions.
b. Molecules may possess many covalent bonds.
b. nonpolar molecules.
c. Water contains polar covalent bonds.
c. hydration ions.
d. Covalent bonds may be “double bonds.”
d. polar molecules.
e. In polar covalent bonds, electrons are shared
e. none of these.
equally.
Answer: b
Answer: e
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge, Synthesis
M 50. Water is important to the interactions of biological
E 45. Electrons are shared in bonds that are
molecules because it
a. covalent.
a. promotes hydrophobic and hydrophilic
b. polar.
interactions.
c. nonpolar.
b. stabilizes temperature.
d. covalent, polar, or nonpolar.
c. is an excellent solvent for polar and ionic
e. covalent, but not polar or nonpolar.
substances.
Answer: d
d. has strong cohesive properties.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension/Analysis
e. is all of the above.
E 46. The dots in the figure represent a(n) Answer: e
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension
M 51. Hydrophobic molecules are __________ water.
a. attracted to
b. absorbed by
c. repelled by
d. dissolved by
e. polarized by
Answer: c
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
D 52. Which of the following is true of water?
a. covalent bond.
a. The oxygen end is slightly electropositive.
b. ionic bond.
b. Hydrogen bonds hold water molecules together.
c. hydrogen bond.
c. Water covers about one-half of the earth’s
d. polar covalent bond.
surface.
e. hydrophobic interaction.
d. It participates in hydrophobic interactions with
Answer: c
polar molecules.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension
e. Its solvent properties are greatest with nonpolar
D 47. A hydrogen bond is a(n) molecules.
a. sharing of a pair of electrons between a Answer: b
hydrogen and an oxygen nucleus. Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension/Analysis
b. sharing of a pair of electrons between a
D 53. Which of the following is(are) true of water?
hydrogen nucleus and either an oxygen or a
a. It forms spheres of hydration around charged
nitrogen nucleus.
substances and can form hydrogen bonds with
c. attractive force between a hydrogen atom and
many substances.
either an oxygen or a nitrogen atom that are in
b. It has a high heat-containing property.
other molecules or within the same molecule.
c. It has cohesive properties.
d. covalent bond between two hydrogen atoms.
d. It is a liquid at room temperature.
e. covalent bond between a hydrogen atom and
e. It is all of the above.
either an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom.
Answer: e
Answer: c
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension/Analysis
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
D 54. Which of the following statements is false?
D 48. Which of the following is NOT true of hydrogen
a. Ice is denser than liquid water.
bonds?
b. All living organisms require water.
a. They are quite weak.
c. Water has cohesive properties.
b. The hydrogen is slightly positive.
d. Water is a liquid at room temperature.
c. They are common in macromolecules.
e. All of the above are false.
d. They are difficult to form and break.
Answer: a
e. They always involve hydrogen.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension/Analysis
Answer: d
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension/Analysis

Chapter 2 Life’s Chemical Basis 13

D 55. The oil globules that result when a water and oil M 61. A salt will dissolve in water to form
mixture is shaken are due to a(n) __________ a. acids.
interaction. b. hydrogen bonds.
a. acidic c. ions other than H+ and OH-.
b. basic d. bases.
c. hydrophilic e. buffers.
d. hydrophobic Answer: c
e. ionic Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
Answer: d
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
ACIDS AND BASES
D 56. The most likely reason that glucose dissolves in
water is that it is E 62. Most of the body’s internal environment is at a pH
a. an ionic compound. between
b. a polysaccharide. a. 6.8 and 7.2
c. polar and forms many hydrogen bonds with the b. 7.0 and 7.2
water molecules. c. 6.5 and 7.5
d. a very unstable molecule. d. 7.3 and 7.5
e. highly nonpolar. e. 7.5 and 8.0
Answer: c Answer: d
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
D 57. The solvent, cohesive, and temperature stabilization M 63. “Acidic” is an appropriate description for all
properties of water are due to its EXCEPT which one of the following?
a. ability to promote hydrophilic interactions. a. excess hydrogen ions
b. ionic bonds. b. the contents of the stomach
c. hydrogen bonds. c. magnesium hydroxide
d. ability to promote hydrophobic interactions. d. HCl
e. nonpolar nature. e. a pH less than 7
Answer: c Answer: c
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge/Evaluation Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension/Analysis
M 58. The measurement of the temperature of a substance D 64. A pH of 10 is how many times as basic as a pH of 7?
is directly related to a. 2
a. the nature of its chemical bonds. b. 3
b. its reactivity. c. 10
c. its thermal conductivity. d. 100
d. the motion of its molecules. e. 1,000
e. the mass of its molecules. Answer: e
Answer: d Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge/Analysis
D 65. A solution with a pH of 8 has how many times fewer
M 59. The column of water extending in tubes from plant hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 6?
roots to leaves is maintained by a. 2
a. cohesion among water molecules. b. 4
b. ionic bonds. c. 10
c. covalent bonds. d. 100
d. hydrophobic interactions. e. 1,000
e. hydrophilic interactions. Answer: d
Answer: a Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
D 66. Which of the following is NOT true?
D 60. Sodium chloride (NaCl) in water can be described by a. Acids donate hydrogen ions.
any EXCEPT which of the following? b. In a neutral solution, the amounts of hydrogen
a. Na+ and Cl– form and hydroxyl ions are equal.
b. a solute c. Salts have no function in cells.
c. ionized d. Bases accept hydrogen ions..
d. forms a hydrophobic interaction e. .7.0 represents a neutral pH.
e. dissolved Answer: c
Answer: d Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension/Analysis
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension/Analysis

14 Test Bank
Biology The Unity and Diversity of Life 12th Edition Starr Test Bank

M 67. Blood pH is kept near a value of 7.3-7.5 because of

a. salts. E 78. C14 is a radioactive isotope, and due to its predictable
b. buffers. __________ rate it is used to date organic fossils.
c. acids. Answer: decay
d. bases. Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
e. water.
Answer: b
M 79. An atom with more electrons than protons is called
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension
a(n) __________.
Answer: anion or ion
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
Classification Questions
The various energy levels in an atom of magnesium ( 24 E 80. __________ is a measure of an atom’s ability to pull
12 Mg ) have
different numbers of electrons. Use the following numbers to electrons from other atoms.
answer questions 68–70. Answer: electronegativity
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3

d. 6
e. 8
D 68. number of electrons in the first energy level
D 69. number of electrons in the second energy level
D 70. number of electrons in the third energy level
Answers: 68. b, 69. e, 70. b
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application

The following are types of chemical bonds. Answer questions

71–75 by matching the descriptions with the most appropriate
bond type.
a. hydrogen
b. ionic
c. covalent
d. polar covalent
e. double bond
M 71. the bond between the atoms of table salt (NaCl)
M 72. the bond type holding several molecules of water
together
M 73. the bond between the oxygen atoms of oxygen gas
(O2)
M 74. the bond that breaks when salts dissolve in water
M 75. a bond in which connected atoms share electrons
Answers: 71. b, 72. a, 73. e 74. b, 75. c
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

Short Answer/Fill in the Blank

E 76. Water surface tension is caused by the __________

bonds.
Answer: hydrogen
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

M 77. Two pairs of electrons shared between two atoms is

called __________.
Answer: double
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

Chapter 2 Life’s Chemical Basis 15

Visit TestBankDeal.com to get complete for all chapters