This is a novel and counter-intuitive evolutionary theory, as presented at UCLA:
Anxiety and Depressive Subtypes Evolved from Primal Altruistic Instincts.
(From the book: "Angst: Origins of Anxiety and Depression" Oxford University Press.
Feel free to comment or share!
Overview: A synthesis of common psychiatric problems as overarchingly derived from ancient (and cross-species) evolved social instincts. Where applicable, the book (in non-technical language, with cartoons, blues lyrics, and bad puns) incorporates prior theory, and is well supported by more than 600 scientific references.
Summary: Did Common Anxiety and Depressive Subtypes Evolve from Primeval Altruistic Instincts? Anxiety and depression are here for a reason - they evolved from the ancient herd social instincts (of many species) for social harmony and group evolutionary success - but they can be painful and maladaptive for us conscious human individuals! Rather than blindly follow our biological instincts, we use our consciousness and culture to choose our place in society and our social behavior. As a result, some of us suffer the distressing emotional prompts of instincts as we over-ride them. There are implications for self-understanding, reductionist psychiatric diagnosis, genetic research; and understanding why existing treatments are effective, how beer became popular and where all this Angst comes from!
Thanks!
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Angst: Anxiety & Depression Evolved from Primal Altruistic Instincts
1. The Origin of Angst:
How Anxiety and Depression Evolved From
Ancient Herd Instincts –
And Became Painful to So Many of Us
Jeffrey P. Kahn, M.D.
Weill-Cornell Medical College
New York, NY
UCLA Psychiatry Grand Rounds
February 2015
VIDEO LINK:
psychiatrygrandrounds.com/GR15/JKahn.html
2. Jeffrey P. Kahn, M.D.
Disclosures:
Author:
“Angst: Origins of Anxiety and Depression”
Oxford University Press
No other disclosures
3. Why Is There Angst?
Anxiety/Depression Must Have a Reason
A Theory on The Origin of Angst
Five specific syndromes reflect five
corresponding social instincts - that try to
coax us back to more herd-like behaviors
Our Anxiety and Depressive Disorders Are
Modern Expressions of Ancient Herd Instincts
Simplistic nutshell: five core anxiety and
depressive subtypes emerge when our
rational and civilized behavior arouses our
sociobiological instincts
7. And When We Wander From the Herd…
…Social Instincts Coax Us Back
8. Lions and Tigers and Bears are Not Why:
Angst is the Modern Echo of
Evolved Social Instincts
Primeval Lions Evoked Fear - Not Angst
Most Important to People is: Other People
Even Thoreau
The Central Social Core of Human Existence:
Tribal/Herd Behavior Instincts
Social Emotion
A Social Focus for Evolution
9. Evolutionary Selection
Survival of the Fit Individual
The Fittest Individuals Pass On Their Own DNA
Survival of the Socially Fit Herd
The Fittest Social Behaviors Pass On Group DNA
Sterile Worker Bees Protect Species DNA
A Brave and Childless Mouse Protects Family DNA
Altruism!
Natural Selection: 2 Complementary Processes
10. Evolutionary Psychiatry
Is Not A Brand New Idea
Darwin
Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals
Freud
A Phylogenetic Fantasy
Hyperaggressive “Ice Age Man”
Das Unbehagen in der Kultur
Civilization and Its Discontents
“The Discomfort in Culture”
Jung
Collective Unconscious
Many Others
11. Evolutionary Psychiatry:
A Newer View of Psychopathology
DSM
Validated and Specific Psychiatric Diagnoses
But Some Diagnoses May Be Overly Broad
Major Depressive Disorder
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Bipolar II Disorder
12. Five Specific Syndrome Subtypes
Panic Anxiety
Social Anxiety
OCD
Atypical Depression
Melancholic Depression
13. Evolutionary Psychiatry:
A Novel Sociobiological Synthesis
These Five Core Syndrome Subtypes Are Our Angst
Each One Matches a Specific Social Instinct
Instinct Matches Syndromal Core Cognitions
Corresponding Behaviors Even in Us Civilized Types
Ethology and Animal Behavior
Specific Angsts from Specific Aroused Instincts
Each Syndrome Includes Related Syndromes
Humans Have Further Evolved These Instincts
Intensification
Counter-Instinctive Adaptation
14. For Each Syndromal Instinct:
Real Scientific Support
Science (More Than 600 References)
Genetics and Epigenetics
Social Psychology
Animal Ethology
Psychopharmacology
Neurosciences
Clinical, Biological, Workplace Psychiatry
15. #1: Panic Anxiety: Stay Near Home
Social Purpose:
Kept us close enough to home and group that we could
safely find our way back.
An alarm to warn of geographic or emotional distance
Counterinstinctive Behavior
Example: Challenging Fear of Flying
Motto:
“Catastrophes await if you can’t find your way home.”
Animals:
Infant Separation Anxiety
17. #2: Social Anxiety: Social Hierarchy
Social Purpose:
Kept us in line in tribal social hierarchies to
keep the peace at home.
Shy embarrassment from gratifying attention
Counter-Instinctive Coping
Example: Performers Challenging Their Fears
Motto:
“Shame and embarrassment come from not
knowing your primeval rank.”
Animals:
Dominance Hierarchy – Alpha Dogs & Baboons
18. Follow the Leader of the Pack:
Social Anxiety
“Too Many Cooks Spoil
the Broth”
– Old English Proverb
19. #3: OCD – Nesting Behavior
Social Purpose:
Impels the work needed for groups to live together safely.
Motto:
“Clean, arrange, save and behave for a sure and tidy nest.”
The Four OCD Factors by Factor Analyses
Para-Instinctive Coping
Example: Numbers and Technical Work
Animals:
Nesting (and Grooming)
Clean, Arrange, Save, Behave
20. #4: Atypical Depression: Social Harmony
Social Purpose:
Kept us well-enough behaved for a cooperative society.
Rejection Sensitivity Leads To More Polite Behavior
Counter-Instinctive Coping
Example: Detached Workaholism to Succeed and Remain
Motto:
“Behave yourself to avoid rejection, remorse and exile.”
Animals:
Canine Apologies
Winter Hibernation
Earlier Evolutionary Instinct, With Similar Symptoms
21. Go Along to Get Along:
Atypical Depression
“Nature, when she formed man for society, endowed him
with an original desire to please, and an original aversion
to offend his brethren.” - Adam Smith
22. #5: Melancholic Depression:
Preserving Herd Resources
Social Purpose:
Death kept us from using scarce resources when we no
longer felt useful to the herd.
Eskimo Ice Floe Myth
Counter-Instinctive Coping
Example: Counter Fatalism with Reason
Motto:
“Take one for the team if you are too old or too ill.”
Animals:
“Illness Behavior”
Salmon, Mice - and the Human DST
Apes and Dogs
23. Feeling So Useless You Could Die:
Melancholic Depression
“How do we, humans
know when it is time to
move on? As with the
migrant birds, so
surely with us, there is
a voice within if only
we would listen to it,
that tells us certainly
when to go forth into
the unknown.”
- Elisabeth Kubler-Ross
24. #6: Consciousness: Social Awareness
Social Purpose:
Keep Us Responsive To Our Companions And Environment.
Allows Counter-instinctive And Repurposed Behavior
Moderates Ancient Instinctive Fears
Except When Diminished by “Hypofrontality”
Motto:
“Thoughtful Understanding Leads To Better Solutions.”
Animals:
Dolphins, Apes, Crows And Dogs Have Some
But Human Consciousness They Have Not!
Positive Psychotic Symptoms Not Clearly Known In Animals
25. Consciousness Lost & Instinct Run Amok:
Schizophrenia and Psychosis
“The very essence
of instinct is that it
is followed
independently of
reason.”
- Charles Darwin
26. Psychosis/Schizophrenia: Syndromes
Five Syndromes: Five Psychotic Subtypes
Aroused Instincts Override Reason
Hypofrontality
The Missing Think
Decreased Conscious Mediation
Dopamine
The Provocative Power of Appetite
Increased Instinctive Arousal
27. Five Human Syndromes:
Instinct Becomes Psychotic Perception
Panic Anxiety
Classical Paranoid Schizophrenia: Alone against predators
Social Anxiety
Paranoid Delusional Disorder: Authorities will punish you
OCD
Schizo-Obsessive: Catastrophe from ignoring the nest
Atypical Depression
Mania: From social harmony to saving the world
Melancholic Depression
Psychotic Depression: The purposeless must die, rot away
28. Happy in the Herd:
Instinctive Herds & Primeval Ignorance
“The security of Society
lies in custom and
unconscious instinct, and
the basis of the stability of
Society, as a healthy
organism, is the complete
absence of any
intelligence amongst its
members.”
- Oscar Wilde
29. Assembling the Herd
From Bacteria to Herd to Homo sapiens
The Same Six Instincts Everywhere
(Maybe not Melancholia)
Boids: Computer simulation of bird flocks
The Big Five Personality Traits (OCEAN)
All I Really Need to Know I Learned in
Kindergarten
Varieties of Moral Experience: Political Herds
Instincts & Specialized Social Group Roles
30. Climbing To Civilization:
The Rise of Reason & the Ascent of Angst
“It is impossible to overlook the extent to which civilization
is built upon a renunciation of instinct.” - Sigmund Freud
31. Cogito Ergo Vincere Instinctu:
Quelling Angst & Rethinking Herds
Beer and Civilization
Consciousness and Everyman
The Origin of Psychopharmacology and Beer
Alcohol Free Societies Today
The Deliberate Herd
A Higher Authority
Government
Civilization and Societal Advance
Counter-Instinctive Coping
Consciousness, Teams and Technology
33. Mere Civilized Consciousness
Does Not Blissfulness Buy
Triggered Psychiatric Syndromes
Coax us Back to the Herd
Stigma
Suicide
Alcohol and Substance Abuse
Crime
Heart Diseases
“Stress” of Counter-instinctive Behavior
34. Free to Choose:
How to Balance Your Reason & Instinct
“Nothing in biology makes
sense, except in the light
of evolution”
- Theodosius Dobzhansky
“The final mystery is
oneself.”
- Oscar Wilde
35. Who Are You?
Consciousness or Biology?
Endure Suffering or Seek Succorance?
You’ve Gotta Ask Yourself One Question:
Do You Feel Yucky? Do Ya?
Unexpected Risks of Treatment
The Helmet Effect
Shiny Happy People?
The Vital Importance of Psychotherapy
Where Are We Headed Now?
36. Are We Still In the Same Place?
“The past is never dead. It’s not even past.”
- William Faulkner
To a greater extent than we have imagined,
we may still live today in an emotional world
designed on that ancient African savannah.
37. Angst: Origins of Anxiety and
Depression
Oxford University Press
For Book Reviews:
Facebook.com/Evolutionary.Psychopathology
Jeffrey P. Kahn, M.D.
Weill-Cornell Medical College