Rocks and Minerals pt.1

Characteristics of Minerals
Types of Minerals
Page 2 of 36 GROUP 2

Types of Minerals

of 36 J.S.C
Solid substance
Naturally-occurring
Contains chemical element/s

of 36 J.S.C
• Both are m
ade up of one type of atom
• Diamond as composed of
carbon
atoms
Quartz (SiO2) Sulphur (S8)

of 36 J.S.C
• The unique
• Set of atoms arranged in a particular
way – periodically
Minerals
https://www.amnh.org/explore/ology/earth/grow-rock-
candy2

of 36
• the ability to
Example:
– Talc as the softest
– Diamond as the toughest
J.S.C

of 36
• How a mineral
reflects light
• Metallic and
non-metallic
J.S.C

of 36
• Idiochromatic
• Allochromatic
• Pseudo chromatic
J.S.C

of 36
“Self-colored”
exhibits their
permanent color
(eg. Sulphur)
• “Other-colored”;
• originally colorless
• Colors owed to the
presence of eleme
nts/compounds
• (eg. Tourmaline)
• “False-colored”
• minerals contain
layers that create
colors
• (eg. Opal)
J.S.C

of 36
• The of a mineral’s
powder
• More reliable than color
since
J.S.C

of 36
• a measurement that determines the
density of minerals
• determines how heavy it is by its relative
weight to water
– a tool used for me
asuring specific gravity of minerals;
is also used for
measuring
Hydrostatic Balance
J.S.C

of 36
• A mineral's behavior when
• How well a mineral
J.S.C
Brittle
crushed to angular fra
gments (eg. Quartz)
Malleable
can be modified in shape
without breaking or form
ed into a thin sheet (eg.
Gold)
Sectile
can be cut using knife for
ming thin shavings (eg. S
elenite)
Flexible
able to bend but doesn’t
regain its shape once rele
ased (eg. Gypsum)
Elastic
able to bend and regains
its normal shape when re
leased (eg. Chrysotile)

Types of Minerals

• Minerals
and are an important
• Minerals are naturally occurring
substances which have
• There are many thousands
minerals recognized, but only
about
Page 23 of 36

of 36 A.R.C
Major Mineral Groups according to

of 36 A.R.C
• Silicate minerals contain and
, the two most abundant
elements in the earth’s crust.
• Over of the common rock-forming
minerals are silicates.
• Common silicate minerals include:
Olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, biotite mica,
muscovite mica, plagioclase feldspar,
orthoclase feldspar, and quartz.

of 36 A.R.C
• Oxide minerals are made up of
and one or more metals.
• Common oxide minerals include:
• These are based on the oxygen anion, O
• Examples include iron oxides such as:
Hematite, Fe2O3 and magnetite, Fe3O4, an
d pyrolusite, MgO.

of 36 A.R.C
• Sulfate minerals contain
combined with ot
her elements.
• Common sulfate minerals include:
.
• These have the polyatomic sulfate
ion, (SO4)2–, as the anion.
• Anhydrite, CaSO4, is a sulfate.

of 36 A.R.C
• Sulfide minerals contain
• Common sulfide minerals include:
• These are based on the .
• Examples include:
Pyrite, FeS2, galena, PbS, and sphalerite, ZnS in
its pure zinc form.
• Some sulfides are mined as sources of such
metals as

of 36 A.R.C
• Carbonate minerals contain c
ombination of , combined wit
h other elements.
• Common carbonate minerals include:
• These are based on the , (CO3)2–.
• Calcite, CaCO3, and dolomite, CaMg(CO3)2, are
carbonate minerals.
• Carbonate minerals tend to dissolve relatively
easily in water, especially acid water, and natural
rain water is slightly acid.

of 36 A.R.C
• Native elements are minerals that form as
• Example (metallic): Gold and copper
(non-metallic): Diamonds
• Gold (Au), native copper (Cu), and diamond and gr
aphite, which are made of carbon, are all native el
ement minerals.
Elements purified and crystallized in a laboratory
unless they have also been found in nat
ure.

of 36 A.R.C
• Halides include such elements as
.
• Common halide minerals:
• These have a halogen element as the
anion, whether it be fluoride, F–,
chloride, Cl–, bromide, Br–, iodide, I–,
or astatide, At–.
is a halide mineral.

of 36 A.R.C
• Phosphates are the naturally occurring form
of the element , found in many
phosphate minerals.
• In mineralogy and geology, phosphate refers
to a rock/ore.
• Inorganic phosphates are mined to obtain
phosphorus for use in agriculture and industr
y
, Ca5(PO4)3F, which makes yo
ur teeth hard, is a phosphate mineral.

of 36 A.R.C
• A mineraloid is a naturally occurring
mineral-like substance that
• Mineraloids possess chemical compo
sitions that vary beyond the generally
accepted ranges for specific minerals.
• Example: Obsidian is an amorphous
glass and not a crystal.

of 36 A.R.C
Minerals
https://schooltutoring.com/help/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/
2015/03/mineral-examples.png?w=144
Types of Minerals
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/64/e8/70/64e8707a5622ae47
775701690c2aef8b.jpg

Types of Minerals
• https://www.qm.qld.gov.au/Find+out+about/Rock
s/Types+of+minerals
• https://www.radford.edu/jtso/GeologyofVirginia/M
inerals/GeologyOfVAMinerals1-3.html?fbclid=Iw
AR017vGLaEGr8jEwcEjby8GcItbDLLcSuopamn
4qqamterhViFUi_azVPxw
• https://courses.lumenlearning.com/geo/chapter/r
eading-classifying-minerals/?fbclid=IwAR1bMAE
w9UZPyehc2aU1LvH_bNKpmDp-eSbNX36BSs
L3EoGHHKC7T0mCl8Y
• https://geology.com/minerals/what-is-a-minerals
.shtml
• https://sciencing.com/5-requirements-minerals-
10067381.html
• https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-are-min
erals-types-properties-examples.html

Rocks and Minerals pt.1

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Rocks and Minerals pt.1

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