Fine-spotted leopard whipray (Himantura tutul)

Regarding the Himantura genus:

Am I correct to assume that four species are held in AZA collections?

Himantura undulata - Honeycomb whipray

• Georgia Aquarium
• New England Aquarium?

Himantura uarnak - Coach whipray

• Aquarium of the Pacific

Himantura tutul - Fine-spotted leopard whipray

• SeaWorld Orlando

Himantura leoparda - Leopard whipray

• Possibly held in AZA?

*I used IUCN Red List common names, the AZA RCP (2017) and respective aquariums use different common names

Any insight on this is helpful!

@zoocentral The identification of this genus in captivity is a complete mess. I have a friend who is been looking into this for years and he is confident that undulata is absent from captivity outside of Asia. That's probably the same for leoparda, although way more common in general than undulata. Uarnak and tutul are by far the two most common species in captivity. I have also seen australis in Europe, I cannot say for sure that this species is not kept in America. All the species itself can barely be told apart with certainty, but here is what I know: Undulata has lines, not spots. Leoparda has big spots, bigger than uarnak and tutul. Those last two are a pain to tell apart. I think the 'square spotted ones with closed-off black lines' should be tutul. The ones with just little black spots is likely uarnak. But sources suggest that it is far more difficult than this. As far as I know, australis cannot be told apart either unless genetically.

@Sicarius Thank you for the information. Sounds like a very messy situation to say the least. I would love to get some funding so we can do genetic testing.