Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/316

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ment (sapperment), from sacramentum, signifies ‘body of Christ.’

säen, vb., ‘to sow (seed),’ from the equiv. MidHG. sœjen, sœn, OHG. sâen (from an orig. sêjan); comp. the equiv. Goth. saian, OIc. sá, AS. sawan, E. to sow, Dan. zaaijen, OSax. sâjan. The Teut. root sê, ‘to sow,’ of which Saat and Same are derivatives, is common to the Aryan group; comp. the Lat. root sê in sê-vi, sa-tum, sê-men (Lat. sero is a reduplicated pres. for *si-so); OSlov. sěja (sěti), ‘to sow,’ Lith. sěja (sěti), ‘to sow.’

Safran, m., ‘saffron,’ from MidHG. safrân, m., which is derived from Fr. safran (comp. E. saffron); comp. Ital. zafferano, the ultimate source of which is the equiv. Arab. zâfarân.

Saft, m., ‘sap, juice,’ from the equiv. MidHG. saft, usually saf, OHG. saf (gen. saffes), n.; corresponding to AS. sœp, n., E. sap, Du. and LG. sap. Its connection with Lat. sapio (OHG. sęven, sęppen, MidHG. sęben, ‘to observe’) and sapor is conceivable on account of OIc. safe, ‘sap,’ provided that an Aryan root sap, sab (comp. Sans. sadar, ‘nectar’) seems possible (on the other band, Gr. ὀπός, ‘sap,’ and OSlov. sokŭ are not allied). The prevalent view that AS. sœp and OHG. saf were borrowed from Lat. săpa, ‘thick must,’ is unsatisfactory.

Sage, f., ‘legend, report,’ from MidHG. sage, OHG. saga, f., ‘speech, declaration, tale, rumour’; an abstract from sagen, like AS. saga, f., from sęcgan; E. saw,

sagen, vb., ‘to say, tell, utter,’ from the equiv. MidHG. sagen, OHG. sagên; corresponding to OSax. sęggian, LG. seggen, Du. zeggen, AS. sęcgan (from *sagjan). E. to say, and its equiv. OIc. segja. In Goth. both *sagan and every other derivative from the same root are wanting. Teut. sagai-, which comes by the rule of grammatical change from Aryan sokē̆y-, is closely allied to Lith. sakýti, ‘to say,’ OSlov. sočiti, ‘to notify’; with this OLat. insece, ‘I narrate’ (in-sectiones, ‘tales’), is usually connected, as well as the Gr. root σεπ, σεκϝ in ἔννεπε for ἐν-σεπε, ἔ-σπ-ετε, ‘tell (thou or ye).’ OIr. sagim, saigim, ‘I speak, say,’ also point to a similar class. In Rom. only one loan-word of this class is found; comp. Span. sayon, ‘usher’ (of a law-court), lit. ‘speaker.’

Säge, f., ‘saw,’ from the equiv. MidHG. sëge, sage, OHG. sëga, saga, f.; comp. Du. zaag, AS. sage, f., and sagu, f., E. saw;

OIc. sǫg, f. (Goth. *saga, f., is wanting). A derivative of an Aryan root sek, sok, whence also Lat. secâre, ‘to cut,’ securis, ‘hatchet’; see further under Sichel. The ä of ModHG. Säge is based, as is indicated by the modern Alem. dials., on ë; hence there is the same gradation in OHG. sëga and saga as in OHG. rëhho and AS. racu (see Rechen), or in HG. Nacken and E. neck. With the Aryan root sek, sok, are also connected in Teut., OHG. sahs, ‘sword’ (see Messer), E. scythe, and AS. sîðe, from sigþe; comp. OIc. sigðr, m., ‘sickle,’ OHG. sëh, MidHG. sëch, ‘ploughshare,’ and the cognates of Sense.

Sahne, f., ‘cream,’ from the equiv. late MidHG. (MidG. and LG.) sane, f.; comp. Du. zaan. The word orig. also belonged probably to UpG., as is indicated by the derivative Senne (for Sahne the UpG. and MidG. word Rahm is now used, in Swiss also nĭdel, and in other dials. Schmant). The origin of the cognates is obscure.

Saite, f., ‘string’ (of a musical instrument), from MidHG. seite, m. and f., OHG. seita, f., seito, m., ‘string, cord, fetter’; comp. OHG. seid, n., ‘cord, noose,’ AS. sâda, m., ‘cord, noose,’ derived by means of the Aryan suffix t from the Teut. and Aryan root sai, by gradation sī̆, ‘to bind,’ which appears in Seil; comp. further OIc. seimr, m., ‘string’ (Goth. *sai-ma-), and síma, n., ‘string,’ AS. sîma, OSax. sī̆mo, m., ‘cord’; also Gr. ὶ-μάς, ‘strap,’ and the Sans. root si, ‘to bind, fetter.’ The derivatives most closely allied to the Teut. word are OSlov. sě-tĭ, f., ‘cord,’ and Lith. saítas, m., ‘cord.’ With regard to the Pre-Teut. root sī̆, see further under Seil.

-sal, in Mühsal, see selig.

Salamander, m., ‘salamander,’ from the equiv. MidHG. salamander, m. and f.; the origin of the meaning ‘toast’ (drunk in special honour of a guest at students' clubs), which first became current between 1830 and 1840, is very much disputed.

Salat, m., ‘salad,’ late MidHG. salât, m., from the equiv. Ital. salata, insalata.

Salbader, m., ‘idle talker, quack, ModHG. only (the earliest reference is in the Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum); its origin is wrongly attributed to the owner of a bathing establishment (ein Bader) at Jena, who bored his guests with his stale stories. Others prefer to connect it with salvator, ‘saviour,’ so that salbadern would