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Seltene Komplikation einer Vaskulitistherapie

A rare complication of treatment for vasculitis

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Zusammenfassung

Dargestellt werden Entstehung und Verlauf einer Pneumonitis als Komplikation einer Cyclophosphamidtherapie anhand eines Patienten, der sich wegen Gelenkschmerzen in Behandlung begab. Ein akute Wegener-Granulomatose wurde initial mit Methylprednisolon behandelt, aufgrund einer gravierenden renalen Manifestation – diffuse, segmental wie global nekrotisierende extrakapillär-proliferierende Glomerulonephritis – erhielt der Patient Cyclophosphamid. Es entwickelten sich eine Cyclophosphamid-induzierte Pneumonitis und ein beidseitiger Pneumothorax.

Die interstitielle Pneumonitis ist eine seltene, lebensbedrohliche unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkung von Cyclophosphamidmetaboliten, die zu jeder Zeit während oder nach der Behandlung und unabhängig von der Kumulativdosis auftreten kann. Zu Symptomen zählen Dyspnoe, nichtproduktiver Husten und Fieber. Radiologische Befunde sind diffuse interstitielle Infiltrate und das Milchglasphänomen. Typisch sind auch negative Resultate mikrobiologischer Untersuchungen. Empirisch wird behandelt mit sofortigem Abbruch der Cyclophosphamidgabe und der i.v.-Applikation von Steroiden.

Abstract

We describe a male patient who presented with joint pain and developed pneumonia as a complication of cyclophosphamide therapy. His treatment for Wegener’s granulomatosis had begun initially with methylprednisolone, however a serious renal manifestation appeared—diffuse, segmental and global necrotising extracapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis – requiring a change to cyclophosphamide. This in turn induced pneumonitis and bilateral pneumothorax. Interstitial pneumonitis is a rare and life-threatening side effect of cyclophosphamide metabolites that can appear any time during, or even after, treatment, regardless of the cumulative dosage. Symptoms include dyspnea, nonproductive cough, and fever. Radiologic findings show diffuse interstitial infiltrates and the frosted glass phenomenon. Negative microbiologic findings are also typical. As soon as the reaction appears, the cyclophosphamide is stopped and instead steroids are administered intravenously.

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Correspondence to C.C. Haufe.

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Hinkel, U., Haufe, C. Seltene Komplikation einer Vaskulitistherapie. Nephrologe 5, 142–145 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11560-009-0384-7

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