Abstract
The earliest studies of fluid flow consisted of observations of nature. By studying the movement of smoke, the flight of birds and by observing water swirl around obstacles for example, many details were seen that gave observers clues about what was occurring. Flow visualization remains an important tool even when results are limited to qualitative observation, because it renders many features of a flow-field directly accessible to visual perception and often gives considerable insight into the flow physics. Reference 1 is an excellent text reviewing the most commonly used flow visualization techniques.
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References
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Weinstein, L.M., Settles, G.S. (2003). Schlieren. In: Mercer, C.R. (eds) Optical Metrology for Fluids, Combustion and Solids. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3777-6_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3777-6_1
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