EP1191502A1 - Monitoring system for airport lighting devices - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a control system for airfield lighting systems for controlling, regulating and / or monitoring actuator and / or sensor elements of airfield lighting devices, comprising a central redundant control device to which input and output devices and by means of at least one interface via a redundantly configured bus system, at least one Decentralized control device that can be connected to the actuator and / or sensor elements of airfield lighting devices can be connected. <IMAGE>

Description

The present invention relates to a control system for airfield lighting systems for controlling, regulating and / or monitoring of actuator and / or sensor elements of airfield lighting devices.

Lighting systems include all lighting aids that safe flight operations and taxiing of aircraft in the area of an airport in the dark and / or worse Ensure visibility. Among other things, between Approach lights, glide-angle lights, side-line lights, Threshold fire, runway fire, runway fire, A distinction is made between beacons, hazard lights, obstacle lights and rotating lights.

According to international guidelines and recommendations Airfields for operation at night or with poor visibility be equipped with airfield lighting systems. On approach, when landing, taking off and while taxiing are used by the pilot as visual navigation aids. Large airport lighting systems include several Lighting devices that mark the approach sector, the runways, the runways and aprons serve. Additional devices are also used, For example, taxiway signs, parking aids, wind direction indicators and the same. Both the devices as well the systems can be switched separately, including each one System include different switchable lighting devices can. The approach lights include, for example, approach flashlights for visual highlighting of the approach center line and threshold, high performance approach, threshold and Runway end, precision approach glide angle fire for high Light outputs and sharp red-white transition and the like.

The individual lighting systems usually extend over several kilometers and require a corresponding Cable network. The individual lighting devices are usually operated in series to detect differences in intensity of the connected Lighting devices at the beginning and end of the line exclude that with parallel-operated lighting devices due to the high given with these cable lengths Voltage drop would be given. To interrupt the by the series circuit formed by consumers connected in series if a single consumer fails, i.e. To prevent a lamp, the individual lamps each supplied via a lamp or series circuit transformer. The lamp transformers for feeding the light sources of the lighting devices are connected in series in the series circuit and operated with a constant current. The transformers therefore have a current transformer character with a fixed, predefinable current transmission ratio.

The light intensity of the lighting systems must match the Visibility at the start or landing of the aircraft can be customized. The setting of the light intensity is done by means of control and regulating devices made by the lighting systems in addition to lamps are available as lighting devices. Once set The intensity value must be independent of mains voltage fluctuations or the failure of individual lamps in the series circuit be kept constant. To keep the Electricity in series circles of lighting systems on airfields constant current regulators are used in addition to international guidelines and Meet recommendations and, in particular, country-specific requirements have to. In addition to these control and regulating devices include lighting systems as lighting devices above it In addition, lamp failure detection and / or insulation monitoring devices. Lamp failure detection devices ensure that the failure of lamps in lighting systems is recognized and can be eliminated. As a rule, they are independent of the series circuit current and its curve shape the individual lamp failures recognized in thyristor controlled series circuits and reported. The lamp failure detection devices commonly used report the first and all other failed ones Lights of a lighting system.

Usually characterized by long cable runs Series circuits for airport lighting, which predominantly housed in the ground and in damp shafts due to high operating voltages Circuits to earth with defects easily lead to insulation faults to lead. The consequence of such insulation faults is Double earth fault reducing the operating current and thus the lamp brightness of lighting devices close to the fault, which in extreme cases leads to lamp failure. Insulation monitoring equipment measure the insulation resistance an airfield lighting series circuit both in Operation as well as when switched off. Doing so stabilized DC voltage independent of the operating voltage fed into the series and over the resulting Current determines the resistance. The measured resistance value gives an error measure, which is within predeterminable Limit values a message to initiate remedial measures outputs.

The various lighting devices such as constant current regulators, Lamp failure detection systems and insulation monitoring systems Airfield lights need a variety of signals to control and report operating states with the Replace control device. These signals must go through cables and corresponding plug or clamp connections for the individual Firing devices on the part of the control device for Will be provided. So far, the lighting devices via parallel interfaces with multi-core cables and corresponding plug or clamp connections with the central Control device or upstream decentralized control devices get connected. The connection of the individual Firing devices with the control device requires one considerable assembly and material costs. This assembly and material expenditure increases in particular with redundant ones Design of the connections at least by a factor of 2, whereby appropriate lighting devices and control devices have appropriate signal inputs and outputs that allow a redundant connection.

• die Ein- beziehungsweise Ausschaltung aller Aktorik- und/oder Sensorikelemente der Flugplatzbefeuerungsgeräte,
• die Einstellung der erforderlichen Helligkeitsstufen der Flugplatzfeuer von einer zentralen beziehungsweise einer dezentralen Steuereinrichtung aus,
• die Rollführung mittels Sensoren, beispielsweise Induktionsschleifen in den Rollbahnen,
• die Überwachung aller Aktorik- und/oder Sensorikelemente der Flugplatzbefeuerungsgeräte und Anzeige der Betriebszustände seitens einer zentralen und/oder einer dezentralen Steuereinrichtung.

To control, regulate and / or monitor airfield lighting systems on the part of a central control device, for example on the part of a tower, or on the part of decentralized control devices, for example on the part of the various lighting devices, in a control room arranged directly on site of the lighting devices, it is necessary both with the actuators and to be able to communicate sensor elements of the lighting devices, as well as to correspondingly link and display or log the monitoring signals of all system parts down to the actuator and / or sensor element level. The control system of the airfield lighting system has to perform the following tasks:

• the switching on and off of all actuator and / or sensor elements of the airfield lighting devices,
• the setting of the required brightness levels of the airport fire from a central or a decentralized control device,
• the roll guidance by means of sensors, for example induction loops in the runways,
• the monitoring of all actuator and / or sensor elements of the airfield lighting devices and display of the operating status on the part of a central and / or a decentralized control device.

• Programmschaltungen der Befeuerung aufgrund einer vorgegebenen Landerichtung eines Flugzeuges seitens einer Steuereinrichtung der Flugsicherung,
• die Entgegennahme manueller Steuerbefehle seitens Eingabeeinheiten der Steuereinrichtungen,
• Zulässigkeitsüberprüfungen sämtlicher Eingaben und Rückweisungen unzulässiger Eingaben,
• die Anzeige aktivierter Funktionen,
• die Ansteuerung von Leistungseinheiten der Befeuerungsgeräte, beispielsweise von Konstantstromreglern,
• die Überwachung der Betriebszustände einzelner Befeuerungsgeräte,
• die Auswertung von Meldungen angeschlossener Überwachungssysteme wie Lampenausfallüberwachungssysteme, Isolationsüberwachungssysteme sowie sonstiger Sensorikelemente,
• Eigenüberwachung des Leitsystems und der Kommunikationseinrichtungen, wie Bussysteme und dergleichen,
• automatischer Wiederanlauf des Leitsystems nach Störungsbeseitigung sowie Netzausfällen und dergleichen.

The following system services are required:

• Program switching of the lighting based on a predetermined landing direction of an aircraft by an air traffic control device,
• the receipt of manual control commands from input units of the control devices,
• Admissibility checks of all inputs and rejection of inadmissible inputs,
• the display of activated functions,
• the control of power units of the lighting devices, for example constant current regulators,
• the monitoring of the operating status of individual lighting devices,
• the evaluation of messages from connected monitoring systems such as lamp failure monitoring systems, insulation monitoring systems and other sensor elements,
• Self-monitoring of the control system and the communication devices, such as bus systems and the like,
• automatic restart of the control system after troubleshooting as well as power failures and the like.

To switch on / off the various facilities previously usually switches or buttons and for display Light emitting diodes or incandescent lamps are used, which are connected in parallel to the actuator and / or sensor elements of the Firing devices were led. Furthermore, there are versions known that contain computer-aided control devices and between central and decentralized control devices Have fiber optic connections, for example between a tower and various substations. Of the decentralized control devices, for example a substation, to the actuator and / or sensor elements but then again use a parallel wiring. All previously known control systems for airfield lighting systems are specifically designed for the respective location. in the Otherwise, redundancies can only be implemented with great effort.

The present invention is in view of this state the technology is based on the task, a control system of the beginning to improve the type mentioned so that a total better overall function, greater security, easy Extensibility and in particular to simple and inexpensive Way a redundant structure of the control system up down on actuator and / or sensor element level realizable is.

The technical solution to this problem is with the present Invention a control system for airfield lighting systems for controlling, regulating and / or monitoring actuator and / or Provided sensor elements of airfield lighting devices, which is characterized in that this one central redundant control device to which inputs and output devices and by means of at least one Interface via a redundant bus system at least a decentralized one, with the actuator and / or sensor elements Control device connectable by airfield lighting devices can be connected. These are advantageously Central and / or decentralized control device a programmable logic controller Controller, preferably a SIMATIC, especially preferably of the type S5-155H or S7-400H, with the decentralized Control device a redundant control device is.

The core of the control according to the invention is thus the commercially available one redundant control device SIMATIC S5-155H / S7-400H, the company Siemens, which on the part of the central and / or decentralized control device advantageously to commercially available Computing devices (PC's), input and output devices, advantageously touch-screen control points, monitoring monitors and the like is added. By the invention Interface can be advantageously decentralized control devices via the redundantly trained Connect the bus system so that the decentralized Control device for controlling, regulating and / or monitoring actuators connected by the decentralized control device and / or sensor elements of airfield lighting devices a control, regulation and / or monitoring of the same.

According to the invention, the components of the control system are redundant available so that if one component fails, operation can continue without interruption. Through switching processes in the control system, for example when switching a redundant connection via the bus system or when switching the redundant control device of a so-called "Master" - a reserve CPU is advantageously the Switching state of the actuator and / or sensor elements from Airfield lighting devices not changed.

The use of commercially available control devices, such as bus systems, Interfaces, input and output devices and the like, which are redundant in terms of their functions are trained to ensure that the control system is highly available. It also allows use commercially available control devices, bus systems, interfaces and the like that the control system on simple and inexpensive way is expandable and finally, that the control system according to the invention using commercially available Facilities is easier to certify, for example according to DIN or the like.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention the interface for the bus coupling of the control devices, Communication processors that use fiber optics enable as a transmission medium. Thereby redundant bus coupling from the central Set up control device to decentralized control devices. The data transmission is advantageously carried out by means of Ethernet networks and / or PROFIBUS networks, advantageously in different topologies, for example as a ring.

According to a specific embodiment of the invention Operation, for example for switching the on and / or off Actuator and / or sensor elements of airfield lighting devices Touch screen control panels used, which changed to The tasks are extremely simple with the appropriate Have software changes adjusted.

According to an advantageous proposal of the invention, messages are and / or report images on large color flat monitors can be displayed, the display using appropriate Software changes to changed tasks of the control system have it adjusted.

According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention becomes an increase in the security of the control devices advantageously a fault-tolerant control device used, particularly preferably a SIMATIC S7-400H from the company Siemens, which can be used in so-called "hot stand-by technology" is, on the one hand, the availability of the control device to further increase and on the other hand the operational safety of the Control device. This is the use of the SIMATIC S7-400H a safety assessment.

The decentralized control devices for serial control and monitoring of the actuator and / or sensor elements airfield lighting devices such as lighting constant current controllers, Lamp failure detection systems, insulation detection systems and the like, and their serial redundant bus coupling for central control device, for example on the part of the tower, which advantageously via two optical fiber rings takes place, ensure that even if one Coupling the entire data exchange between the central and a decentralized control device is guaranteed.

According to a further particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention comprise the decentralized control devices an interface for connecting a mobile, portable computing device, for example a laptop, so one Control, regulation and / or monitoring by the central Control device is enabled on site.

• graphische Darstellung des Befeuerungs- und Systemzustands,
• Einzelanzeigen für jeden Stromkreis mit Zustands-Regler, Lampenausfälle und Isolationszustand,
• Ermitteln, Anzeigen und Speichern von Betriebszeiten der einzelnen Befeuerungskreise,
• Einzelanzeige des Zustands der Sensorikelement-Auswertegeräte (Schleifen, Kameras, IR-Schranken etc.),
• Speichern und Anzeigen von Störmeldungen sowie Ausdrucken der Störmeldungen mit Datum und Uhrzeit,
• Aufzeichnen und Speichern aller Schaltzustände der Befeuerungsgeräte über längere Zeiträume,
• Ausdrucken ausgewählter Zustände auf einem Protokolldrucker,
• Verwaltungsfunktionen wie passwortgeschützter Zugriff und Datensicherung.

The coupling to the actuator and / or sensor elements of the airfield lighting devices, for example constant current regulators, induction loops and the like, takes place on the part of the decentralized control devices. The decentralized control devices are coupled via the bus system to the central control device and by means of input and output devices connected on the part of the central control device, advantageously based on commercially available high-performance computers with a color monitor and pointer operation via mouse and one or more fault message printers, control, regulating and / or monitored. The following functions are performed:

• graphical representation of the lighting and system status,
• Individual displays for each circuit with status controller, lamp failures and insulation status,
• Determine, display and save the operating times of the individual lighting circuits,
• Individual display of the status of the sensor element evaluation devices (loops, cameras, IR barriers etc.),
• Storage and display of fault messages as well as printing of the fault messages with date and time,
• Recording and saving of all switching states of the lighting devices over longer periods,
• Print selected states on a log printer,
• Administrative functions such as password-protected access and data backup.

• Einsatz von handelsüblichen bewährten Industriesteuerungen (SIMATIC S5/S7),
• Einsatz von handelsüblichen bewährten Bussystemen und Lichtwellenleiter-Technik,
• Aufbau von preiswerten komplexen Steuer- und Überwachungssystemen,
• preiswerter redundanter Steuerungsaufbau,
• Flexibilität des gesamten Leitsystems, insbesondere bei der Realisierung geänderter Aufgabenstellungen oder Anlagenerweiterungen,
• Anwendbarkeit für Klein-, Mittel- als auch für Großanlagen, beispielsweise Ergänzung und Adaption,
• durch offengelegte Busstruktur anschaltbar an bestehende Fremdsysteme,
• Aufbau von fehlertoleranten Systemen mit hoher Verfügbarkeit (99,99%) in Verbindung mit sicherheitsgerichteter Technik,
• Aufbau von Bedienhierarchien mittels Passwörtern und dergleichen,
• Speicherung von Bedien- und Überwachungsdaten, beispielsweise zur Erstellung von Statistiken,
• einfachste Erweiterbarkeit der Steuereinrichtungen, insbesondere durch Modularisierung der Software.

This type of arrangement of the control system has the following advantages:

• Use of commercially available, proven industrial controls (SIMATIC S5 / S7),
• Use of commercially available, proven bus systems and fiber optic technology,
• Construction of inexpensive complex control and monitoring systems,
• inexpensive redundant control structure,
• Flexibility of the entire control system, especially when realizing changed tasks or system expansions,
• Applicability for small, medium and large plants, for example supplementation and adaptation,
• can be connected to existing third-party systems thanks to the disclosed bus structure,
• Development of fault-tolerant systems with high availability (99.99%) in connection with safety-related technology,
• Structure of operating hierarchies using passwords and the like,
• Storage of operating and monitoring data, for example to create statistics,
• Easiest expandability of the control devices, especially through modularization of the software.

The control system according to the invention creates through the combination commercially available components and assemblies a complete Control, regulation and logging system for Control, regulate and / or monitor actuator and / or Airfield lighting device sensor elements.

FIG 1

in einer schematischen Darstellung den Aufbau eines erfindungsgemäßen Leitsystems;

FIG 2

ein Prinzipschaltbild einer Beschaltung redundanter Eingabebaugruppen mit Fehlerlokalisierungseinrichtung;

FIG 3

ein Prinzipschaltbild der Beschaltung redundanter Ausgabebaugruppen mit Fehlerlokalisierungseinrichtungen;

FIG 4

in einer Prinzipdarstellung die Ankopplung an die zentrale Steuereinrichtung über eine Schnittstelleneinheit;

FIG 5

in einer Prinzipdarstellung Ein- und Ausgabeeinrichtungen an die zentrale Steuereinrichtung;

FIG 6

in einer schematischen Darstellung das Aufbauprinzip der zentralen Steuereinrichtung,

FIG 7

in einer Prinzipdarstellung das Leitungskonzept busgesteuerter Regeleinrichtungen, sowie von Lampenausfallmelde- und Isolationsausfallmeldesystemen und

FIG 8

in einer Prinzipdarstellung Aufbau einer dezentralen Steuereinrichtung.

Further details, features and advantages of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the figures. Show:

FIG. 1

in a schematic representation the structure of a control system according to the invention;

FIG 2

a basic circuit diagram of a circuit of redundant input modules with error localization device;

FIG 3

a schematic diagram of the circuitry of redundant output modules with fault location devices;

FIG 4

in a schematic diagram, the coupling to the central control device via an interface unit;

FIG 5

in a schematic diagram input and output devices to the central control device;

FIG 6

a schematic representation of the construction principle of the central control device,

FIG 7

in a schematic diagram the line concept of bus-controlled control devices, as well as lamp failure detection and insulation failure detection systems and

FIG 8

in a schematic representation structure of a decentralized control device.

1 shows a control system (BLS) for an airfield lighting system based on the automation system Siemens, SIMATIC S5, supplemented by PCs for lighting control, regulation and / or monitoring.

• Zwei Monitore zur Anzeige des gesamten Betriebszustandes mit Mausbedienung (PID) für Rollführung in der Towerkanzel (zentrale Steuereinrichtung),
• Drei Touchscreen (TID) Bedien- und Anzeigeeinheiten in der Towerkanzel,
• Neuer redundanter Steuerrechner SIMATIC S5-155H (Befeuerungsraum, Ebene 5) zur Verknüpfung und Weitergabe der Steuerbefehle und Meldungen an die Unterstationen (z.B. Nord- und Südbahn) inkl. Rollführungsfunktionen,
• Redundante Steuerrechner SIMATIC S5-155H in drei Befeuerungsstationen Nord zur Weitergabe der Befehle an die Befeuerungsanlage und Rückmeldungen aus der Befeuerungsanlage an den Tower inkl. Lampenausfallmeldungen, Isolationsmeldungen sowie die Verarbeitung von Sensorsignalen und Meldung an den Tower,
• Redundante Kopplung in LWL-Technik im Ring zwischen folgenden Gebäuden:
  • Ein neuer Tower - Station Nord-West - Station Feuerwehr - Station Nord-Ost - neuer Tower. Jede redundante Kopplung erfolgt so, dass die Verbindung über zwei getrennte Wege läuft; so dass auch bei Auftrennung des LWL-Rings an einer Stelle noch eine Verbindung bestehen bleibt,
  • Vier neue LWL-Verbindungen Neuer Tower - Alter Tower. Im alten Tower werden diese Kopplungen über Repeater auf die bestehenden LWL-Verbindungen zu den Stationen Süd-West und Süd-Ost umgesetzt,
  • Warte mit zwei Arbeitsplätzen, LWL-gekoppelt zu neuem Tower,
  • Schnittstelleneinheit zu ANBLF (DFS) für Nord- und Südbahn,
  • Ortssteuerung in drei neuen Nordstationen über tragbaren PC (Laptop),
  • Ergänzung der SIMATIC-Steuerung in einer bestehenden Station Süd-Ost.

It consists of the following system components:

• Two monitors for displaying the entire operating status with mouse operation (PID) for rolling guidance in the tower pulpit (central control device),
• Three touchscreen (TID) operating and display units in the tower pulpit,
• New redundant control computer SIMATIC S5-155H (firing room, level 5) for linking and forwarding the control commands and messages to the substations (e.g. north and south runways) including roll control functions,
• Redundant control computer SIMATIC S5-155H in three lighting stations north for forwarding the commands to the lighting system and feedback from the lighting system to the tower including lamp failure messages, insulation messages and the processing of sensor signals and messages to the tower,
• Redundant coupling in fiber optic technology in the ring between the following buildings:
  • A new tower - North-West station - Fire department station - North-East station - New tower. Each redundant coupling is made so that the connection runs over two separate paths; so that even when the fiber optic ring is disconnected, a connection remains in one place
  • Four new fiber optic connections New Tower - Old Tower. In the old tower, these couplings are implemented via repeaters on the existing fiber optic connections to the south-west and south-east stations,
  • Control room with two workstations, fiber optic coupled to a new tower,
  • Interface unit to ANBLF (DFS) for north and south railways,
  • Local control in three new north stations via portable PC (laptop),
  • Extension of the SIMATIC control in an existing south-east station.

• Die Ansteuerung aller Anlagenteile zur Ein/Ausschaltung und Einstellung der Helligkeitsstufen vom Tower,
• Rollführung mittels Sensoren (Induktionsschleifen etc.), TXC- und STB-Kreisen,
• Die Überwachung aller Anlagenteile und Anzeige der Betriebszustände im Tower, dezentralen Warten (Vor-Ort), sowie in einer Nebenwarte.

The tasks of the control system are:

• The control of all system parts for switching on / off and setting the brightness levels from the tower,
• Roll guidance using sensors (induction loops etc.), TXC and STB circles,
• The monitoring of all system parts and display of the operating states in the tower, decentralized waiting (on-site), as well as in a secondary control room.

• Programmschaltungen der Befeuerung aufgrund der vorgegebenen Landerichtung und Betriebsstufe I/II/III vom z.B. ANBLF System der DFS,
• Entgegennahme der manuellen Steuerbefehle von den Touchscreen-Bedieneinheiten (TID) oder den Monitor-/Maus-Bedienungen (PID) in der Towerkanzel,
• Zulässigkeitsprüfung aller Eingabebefehle und Rückweisung unzulässiger Befehle,
• Anzeige der ausgelösten Funktionen in den Meldebildern,
• Ansteuerung der Leistungseinheiten (Regler) der Befeuerung,
• Überwachung des Betriebszustandes der Befeuerung,
• Automatisches Schalten von TXC- und STB-Kreisen auf Basis von Sensormeldungen, vorangewählten Rollrouten und kreuzungsspezifischen Verknüpfungen (Rollführung) sowie Schalten STB an der S/L über eine Zeitschaltung,
• Generierung von Fehlermeldungen bei Störungen in der Befeuerung,
• Auswertung der Meldungen von den angeschlossenen Überwachungssystemen,
  • Lampenausfallüberwachung
  • Isolationsüberwachung
  • Sensoren
• Eigenüberwachung des Steuerungssystems und der Kommunikationseinrichtungen,
• Automatischer Wiederanlauf des Systems nach Störungsbeseitigung, sowie nach Netzausfällen.

The following system services are provided:

• Program switching of the lighting based on the specified landing direction and operating level I / II / III from the ANBLF system of the DFS,
• Acceptance of the manual control commands from the touchscreen control units (TID) or the monitor / mouse controls (PID) in the tower cockpit,
• Admissibility check of all input commands and rejection of inadmissible commands,
• Display of the triggered functions in the message screens,
• Control of the power units (controller) of the lighting,
• Monitoring the operating status of the lighting,
• Automatic switching of TXC and STB circuits based on sensor messages, preselected taxi routes and intersection-specific links (roll control) as well as switching STB on the S / L using a timer,
• Generation of error messages in the event of faults in the lighting,
• Evaluation of the messages from the connected monitoring systems,
  • Lamp failure monitoring
  • insulation monitoring
  • sensors
• Self-monitoring of the control system and the communication facilities,
• Automatic restart of the system after troubleshooting, as well as after power failures.

In the tower pulpit there are e.g. three TID (touchscreen) Control points, each connected to a PC in the firing room, Level 5, as well as two PIDs consisting of a flat monitor 20.1 '' and mouse operation, connected to a PC in the firing room, Level 5.

a) Steuerrechner Kernstück der Steuerung ist das redundante System SIMATIC S5-155H ergänzt um PC's, an dem die drei TID und die zwei PID in der Towerkanzel, die Schnittstelle ANBLF, die Warte und die Stationen Nord- und Südbahn angeschlossen sind.Alle wichtigen Systemkomponenten sind doppelt vorhanden, so dass bei Ausfall einer Komponente der Betrieb ohne Unterbrechung weitergeführt werden kann. Durch Umschaltvorgänge im System, z.B. beim Umschalten einer redundanten Koppelstrecke oder beim Umschalten des redundanten Steuerrechners von der Master- auf die Reserve-CPU wird der Schaltzustand der Befeuerungsanlage nicht verändert.Die Buskopplung der Stationen Nord-West, Nord-Ost und Feuerwehr an den Steuerrechner Tower erfolgt über zwei Kommunikationsprozessoren CP so dass eine redundante Kopplung zu jeder Station entsteht. Die Übertragung der Daten erfolgt z.B. mit dem Protokoll PROFUBUS nach EN50170, Volume 2 mit 1,5 Mbits.

b) Ansteuerung Beacon

c) Ansteuerung Hindernisfeuer neuer Tower

d) Unterbrechungsfreie Stromversorgung (USV) mit einer Stützzeit von 60 Minuten (ohne Stützung Beacon).

In the firing room, level 5 there are:

a) Control computer The core of the control is the redundant system SIMATIC S5-155H supplemented by PCs, to which the three TID and the two PID in the tower pulpit, the interface ANBLF, the control room and the stations north and south rail are connected. All important system components are duplicated, so that if one component fails, operation can continue without interruption. Switching processes in the system, e.g. when switching a redundant coupling link or when switching the redundant control computer from the master to the reserve CPU, do not change the switching status of the lighting system. The bus coupling of the north-west, north-east and fire service stations to the control computer Tower takes place via two communication processors CP so that a redundant coupling to each station is created. The data is transmitted, for example, using the PROFUBUS protocol in accordance with EN50170, Volume 2 with 1.5 Mbits.

b) Beacon control

c) Control of obstacle lights in new towers

d) Uninterruptible power supply (UPS) with a backup time of 60 minutes (without Beacon support).

The two interface units to ANBLF on the north and south slopes are located in the rack room on level 1. ANBLF (A lpha N umerisches etriebsstufen- B and L resistors web F ernwirksystem) is a computer-based data processing system of DFS.

These two interface units, executed in SIMATIC ET200M technology are installed in DFS racks in level 1 of the new towers installed and via a redundant fiber optic connection coupled to the control computer in the lighting room, level 5.

The coupling between the interface units and the ANBLF computer of the DFS is realized with 24V signals. The Firing computer hereby signals ANBLF the current one Operating status or receives control commands for the category changeover.

• Redundanter Steuereinheit SIMATIC S5-155H mit den Kopplungsbaugruppen für die Ansteuerung und Überwachung der Befeuerungsregler, Erfassung der Lampenausfälle (LAM) und des Isolationszustandes (ISO) der Serienstromkreise.
• Redundante, serielle Profibuskopplung zum Steuerungsrechner Tower über zwei LWL-Ringe, so dass bei Ausfall einer Kopplung der volle Datenaustausch zwischen Tower und Station gewährleistet ist.
• Schnittstelle für die Vorortsteuerung jedes einzelnen Systems sowie jedes einzelnen Stopbars und TXC-Abschnitts der jeweiligen Station über einen Laptop.
• Kopplung zu den Auswertegeräten der Induktionsschleifen (Sensorsystem).

The structure of the three lighting stations north-west, north-east and fire brigade on the north runway is basically the same. They consist of:

• Redundant control unit SIMATIC S5-155H with the coupling modules for the control and monitoring of the lighting controller, detection of lamp failures (LAM) and the insulation status (ISO) of the series circuits.
• Redundant, serial Profibus coupling to the control computer tower via two fiber optic rings, so that if one coupling fails, full data exchange between the tower and the station is guaranteed.
• Interface for the local control of each individual system as well as each individual stop bar and TXC section of the respective station via a laptop.
• Coupling to the evaluation devices of the induction loops (sensor system).

The technical structure of the two existing lighting stations the south slope (south-west and south-east) is in principle known from the prior art.

However, there are circle extensions (here 18 circles and 7 Grinding) in the South-East station through an additional cabinet and software adjustments for a new control concept in Cooperation with the northern slope.

a) wie bisherige Technik Südpiste (zusätzliches Erweiterungsgerät, angekoppelt an vorhandenes Zentralgerät S5-135U; Ansteuerung der Regler über DE/DA; LAM-Erfassung über DE/DA),

b) Aufbau mit der Technik der Nordpiste (S5-155H; Busregler; S7-LAM-/ISO-Erfassungseinheit.

The following variants for the structure are possible:

a) Like previous southern slope technology (additional expansion unit, coupled to existing S5-135U central unit; control of the controller via DE / DA; LAM acquisition via DE / DA),

b) Setup with the technology of the north runway (S5-155H; bus controller; S7-LAM / ISO registration unit.

The control room is connected to the lighting computer via a separate bus docked in the firing room, level 5. It is based on high-performance PCs with color monitor, pointer operation via Mouse over menus and printers.

• Grafische Darstellung des Befeuerungs- und Systemzustands,
• Einzelanzeigen für jeden Stromkreis mit Zustands-Regler, Lampenausfälle und Isolationszustand,
• Ermitteln, Speichern und Anzeigen von Betriebszeiten der einzelnen Befeuerungskreise,
• Einzelanzeige des Zustands der Sensor-Auswertegeräte (Schleifen etc.),
• Speichern und Anzeigen von Störmeldungen; Ausdrucken der Störmeldungen mit Datum/Uhrzeit,
• Aufzeichnen und Speichern aller Schaltzustände der Befeuerung für einen Zeitraum von mindestens 7 Tagen,
• Ausdrucken ausgewählter Zustände auf einem Protokolldrucker,
• Verwaltungsfunktionen wie passwortgeschützter Zugriff und Datensicherung.

The control room essentially fulfills the following functions:

• Graphic display of the lighting and system status,
• Individual displays for each circuit with status controller, lamp failures and insulation status,
• Determine, save and display the operating times of the individual lighting circuits,
• Individual display of the status of the sensor evaluation devices (loops etc.),
• Storage and display of fault messages; Print out the fault messages with date / time,
• Recording and saving of all switching states of the lighting for a period of at least 7 days,
• Print selected states on a log printer,
• Administrative functions such as password-protected access and data backup.

• Zeit von einer Eingabe im Tower bis zur Quittierung oder Zurückweisung:   <0,5s
• Zeit von der Eingabe eines Befehls im Tower bis zur Ausgabe des Ansteuersignals an die Regler in einer Befeuerungsstation:    <1s
• Zeit von der Rückmeldung eines Reglers oder Induktionsschleife bis zur Informationsausgabe auf den TID und PID im Tower:   <2s
• Bei CATIII-Betrieb: Zeit von der Netzwiederkehr nach Spannungsausfall bis der "alte" Befeuerungszustand wieder ansteht:    <1s
• Umschaltzeiten von redundanten Einheiten, z.B. bei Teilausfällen des Steuerrechners im Tower in denen das System keine Steuerbefehle ausführt:   <0,5s

The control system has the following response times:

• Time from an entry in the tower to acknowledgment or rejection: <0.5s
• Time from entering a command in the tower to issuing the control signal to the controller in a lighting station: <1s
• Time from the feedback of a controller or induction loop to the information output on the TID and PID in the tower: <2s
• With CATIII operation: time from the mains return after a power failure until the "old" lighting status is restored: <1s
• Switchover times of redundant units, e.g. in the event of partial failure of the control computer in the tower in which the system does not execute any control commands: <0.5s

The system keeps the above times at all times and adhered to at maximum system load.

The core elements of the present control system are the four redundant ones Control systems SIMATIC S5-155H in the firing room Level 5 new tower and in the new stations north-west, North-east and fire brigade (north slope).

All important system components are double in this system available so that if one component fails, operation can continue without interruption.

The S-155-H system consists of two central units, each with own CPU, power supply and own memory. The application program is stored in both central units.

Both CPUs exchange via a high-speed coupling Data for event-synchronous processing of the user program off, whereby one of the two central devices (ZG) the Role of master.

The other central device (ZG) is the reserve and receives the Input signals, processed the same program as the master ZG, but does not output any output signals (hot standby). If the master CG fails, the reserve CG takes over bumplessly the company.

To the central devices are via system-internal high-speed couplings two expansion units connected, the the communication or peripheral modules for the control panels, Record stations, etc.

Operation remains in this highly available system concept the lighting system undisturbed if a central unit, a Channel of the communication modules or digital peripherals fails. Failures are recognized immediately and reported to the control room.

• Redundanter (2-kanaliger) Aufbau von Zentralprozessorbaugruppen, Speicher, Spannungsversorgungen, Teile der Peripherieansteuerungen und Kommunikationskomponenten.
• Datenaustausch und Synchronisation der beiden Prozessorbaugruppen.
• Fehlerüberwachung, Fehlermeldung und Tolerierung von Ausfällen.
• Schnelle Übernahme der Steuerung durch Reserveglieder ohne Informationsverluste oder Fehlsteuerungen bei Ausfällen (im ms-Bereich).
• Das System muss auch dann mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit weiterarbeiten, wenn durch einen oder mehrere Fehler Teile der Steuerung ausfallen.

In view of the very high availability requirements and thus the reliability of a control and monitoring system for the lighting control of a commercial airport, the control system fulfills the following requirements:

• Redundant (2-channel) structure of central processor modules, memory, power supplies, parts of the peripheral controls and communication components.
• Data exchange and synchronization of the two processor modules.
• Error monitoring, error messages and tolerance of failures.
• Rapid takeover of control by reserve links without loss of information or incorrect control in the event of failures (in the ms range).
• The system must also continue to operate with high probability if parts of the control system fail due to one or more errors.

These requirements are exemplified by the invention underlying control Leipzig / Halle airport by the Automation system S5-155H fulfills the "master-slave principle" works in "hot stand-by mode".

How the highly available automation system works S5-155H is comparable to an "OR" operation, i.e. the system is in operation ("non-stop" operation), if at least one of the two central units is faultless is working.

Therefore, a defective hardware component can be repaired or be replaced without causing an interruption of the Process control and monitoring is coming.

• Datenaustausch und -abgleich zwischen den beiden Prozessorbaugruppen
• Fehlerreaktion bei Ausfall einer Prozessorbaugruppe (Master-Slave-Umschaltung auf das Reservegerät)
• Synchronisation der beiden Prozessorbaugruppen
• Selbsttest (Fehlersuchbetrieb)
• Lokalisierung von systeminternen Fehlern wie z.B. Busfehler, Speicherfehler... und Peripheriefehlern (E/A-Baugruppen, Kommunikationsprozessoren...)
• Passivierung (= Deaktivierung) defekter S5-Baugruppen

The two central units each contain the CPU 948R processor module. The operating system (firmware) of this module supports the following system functions:

• Data exchange and synchronization between the two processor modules
• Error reaction in the event of a processor module failure (master-slave switchover to the reserve device)
• Synchronization of the two processor modules
• Self-test (troubleshooting mode)
• Localization of system-internal errors such as bus errors, memory errors ... and peripheral errors (I / O modules, communication processors ...)
• Passivation (= deactivation) of defective S5 modules

Basically, the S5-155H system works according to the master-slave principle in the so-called "hot stand-by" mode.

In this mode of operation of the automation system introduces Sub-device, the master device, the process. The second "reserve device", the slave runs in the "updated" state, receives the current data at each so-called "synchronization point of the master and checks whether the master device is still ready for operation is.

If the reserve detects a total failure of the master device, then takes over after a bumpless changeover (approx. 5-30 ms) the controller as the new master. This switchover takes place without loss of information.

In the subsequent "solo operation" the new master device leads the process alone; the failed sub-device is located in the stop state and is not on the lighting control more involved. It is reported as failed and can then be used be replaced.

• Geschalteter Peripherieaufbau: Das Mastergerät kontrolliert den Prozessablauf, während das Reservegerät lediglich in Bereitschaft mitläuft. Im Falle eines Fehlers übernimmt das Reservegerät sofort die Steuerung.
• Zweikanaliger Aufbau: Beide Teilgeräte kontrollieren parallel den Prozessablauf. Auch das Reservegerät gibt Ausgangssignale aus und liest Eingangssignale ein.

The interaction of the two subunits differs depending on the configuration of the periphery:

• Switched peripheral setup: The master device controls the process flow, while the reserve device only runs in standby mode. In the event of an error, the reserve device takes over control immediately.
• Two-channel structure: Both subunits control the process flow in parallel. The reserve device also outputs output signals and reads input signals.

• das gleiche Anwenderprogramm
• die gleichen Datenbausteine
• die gleichen Prozessabbildinhalte der Peripheriebaugruppen und
• die gleichen Empfangspufferinhalte der verwendeten Kommunikationsprozessoren

This readiness for fast and automatic master-slave switching is referred to as "hot standby" mode. For this operating mode, it is imperative that both subunits exchange data quickly and reliably. The processor modules of the S5-155H receive this via the central device coupling

• the same user program
• the same data blocks
• the same process image content of the I / O modules and
• the same receive buffer contents of the communication processors used

As a result, the reserve device is always at the same data level how the master device is held so that in the event of an error is ready to take control immediately.

There is a synchronization for the bumpless master-slave switchover of the two subunits required. The current process data exchanged (the reserve is "updated") and compared with each other. This ensures that both sub-devices have the same database.

The synchronization procedure used in the S5-155H is the "event-driven synchronization":

The synchronization takes place with all events leading to a different internal state in the two sub-devices would lead, e.g. different process images, Times or communication dates. She makes sure that too a bumpless master-slave switchover at any time is possible: No output signal is by switching changed and communication with the communication processors takes place without loss of information. On this Synchronization points are also checked whether both sub-devices edit the same program command. In case of inequality the reserve device goes with the error message "synchronization error" in the stop state (only one subunit available).

The S5-155H automation system supports non-stop operation of the redundantly operated hardware components several self-tests. These check the condition of the hardware (CPU, peripherals) and make comparisons between the two Devices. It is determined which assemblies are faulty and must be replaced.

• interner S5-Bus
• Kopplungen der Teilgeräte
• Fehlerlokalisierungseinrichtung
• Peripheriebaugruppen
• Zentralbaugruppen
• Speicherbaugruppen

The following components are tested in detail:

• internal S5 bus
• Couplings of the sub-devices
• Error localization device
• O modules
• CPUs
• memory Board

Any error detected by the self-test is reported by the test software reported.

Depending on the operating status of the central units, the following are as follows Test programs carried out:

Self-test during start-up

At startup, each sub-device runs through all of them completely Self-tests. If an error is already detected here, it works the faulty subunit in the stop state.

Self-test in the program cycle

Divided during the cyclical execution of the user program the operating system into self-test functions short periods of 5 ms ("time slices"). In one User program cycle (S5 program) become one or several of these time slices (configurable in the system configuration) processed in the background until an error is detected becomes.

Self-test in troubleshooting mode

In the event of an error that is not assigned to a specific sub-AG the reserve device goes into troubleshooting mode. This operation is called when the operating system when comparing the RAM or process image of the outputs a difference and therefore a non-localizable error recognizes. In troubleshooting mode, the self-test as a whole performed; it takes about 10 to 30 seconds. The master device continues to work in "solo mode".

The localization device is used for error detection and Error localization with two-channel digital input and digital output modules.

There is a localization input (L-DE) for each of these modules and a localization output (L-DA) is provided. they form together the localization facility.

With the help of the "L-DA" (group care), depending on Art the module to be checked either the supply voltage or load voltage (digital output modules) or the Signal generator supply (digital input modules) switched off.

The localization input "L-DE" is used to read back the status of the localization outputs "L-DA".

Figures 2 and 3 show these two principles of redundancy Input and output.

The fault diagnosis must be carried out for uninterrupted operation Not only detect errors, but also localize them the faulty module is passivated (deactivated) can.

This passivation occurs with the redundant output modules by switching off the load voltage using the localization outputs. So if an output module fails not the supply voltage of other modules is also switched off is one for each redundant output module separate localization output (L-DA) provided.

The signal states of defective input modules or communication processors in the further process control ignored and not read.

• Test, Diagnose Hardware und Software
• Ändern von Software
• Laden neuer Softwarestände
• Erstellen von Sicherungskopien

The S5-155H system has service interfaces that can be used to perform the following functions with a service device ("PC / PG" or telephone socket and modem):

• Test, diagnostic hardware and software
• Change software
• Loading new software versions
• Make backup copies

There are three identical workstations in the tower, each consisting of a TID, as can be seen in FIG. The three TIDs contain the control and display functionalities for the place controller (PL), for the blind controller (PB) and the redundancy workstation (RUN). The TIDs have the following technical data: Dimensions 350 x 240 x 70 mm (W x H x D), Display / touch diagonal 12.1, brightness 4 to 800 cd / m ² , brightness adjustable manually, viewing angle 120 ° vertical, 110 ° horizontal; mittenabgleichbar

• Auf den drei TID sind jeweils identische Bedien- und Anzeigeebenen vorhanden:
• 08/26 (PL-Nord)
• 10/28 (PL-Süd)
• Taxi (PB Nord, Süd)
• Übersicht (Übersichtsanzeige Nord und Süd)

Hardware function keys: 5 pieces (switch TID on / off, cleaning mode on / off, 2 keys for brightness adjustment, 1 key for horn volume). Installation: In on-site tilt frame.

• Identical operating and display levels are available on the three TIDs:
• 08/26 (PL-North)
• 10/28 (PL South)
• Taxi (PB North, South)
• Overview (overview display north and south)

The two PID control and display stations in the tower pulpit, each consisting of a 20.1 "flat monitor with mouse (Pointer), serve for clear display and others Lighting control functions. Be beyond All levels of the TID are also available here. The overview display (Main picture) shows the current lighting status in graphic form, on a background with correct position Representation of the two S / L and the taxiways.

The flat monitor has the following technical data: Mounting dimensions 488 x 399 x 112 (WxHxD) screen size 20.1 '' resolution 1280 x 1024 pixels refresh rate minute 70 Hz display technology LCD color display, TFT service remote, connection to the monitor via cable

a) Monitoranzeige Übersichtsanzeige des aktuellen Befeuerungszustandes Nord und Süd in grafischer Form inkl. Anzeige der Rollobjekte (Flugzeuge) bei Sensorbetrieb.

b) Die vier Ebenen des TID (siehe 3.1)

• 08/2610/28
• Taxi
• Übersicht

c) Eingabe der Sperrung von Rollwegsabschnitten,

d) Definition von Rollprogrammen (0-6),

e) Organisatorische Funktion, z.B. Passwortvorgaben.

The following displays (WINDOWS) and functions are available on the PID:

a) Monitor display Overview display of the current lighting status north and south in graphic form including display of the rolling objects (aircraft) during sensor operation.

b) The four levels of TID (see 3.1)

• 08/2610/28
• taxi
• Overview

c) entering the blocking of taxiway sections,

d) definition of rolling programs (0-6),

e) Organizational function, eg password requirements.

There are two interface units ANBLF (one each for north and south slope) in the rack room level 1 in the modular ET200M technology established and via a redundant Profibus fiber optic connection coupled to the control computer in the firing room. The transmission protocol is PROFIBUS-DP according to EN 50170; the Transmission rate is at least 1.5 Mbit / sec.

In the S5-155H, two communication processors IM take over 308-C and in the two ANBLF interface units each An intelligent IM 153-3 Profibus interface for data processing over the redundant coupling links.

Digital 24V inputs are connected to these connections via bus connectors and output modules to implement the 24V interface connection connected to the DFS ANBLF computer.

The signals described below apply to each S / L train, i.e. there is a separate signal interface for the north and south railways ANBLF at the central control device.

ANBLF signals from the BLS:

• Anzahl der Signale:   17
• Signalspannung:   12-24 V (DC)
     (die Signalspannung kommt vom Steuer- und Überwachungssystem der Befeuerung)
• Signaldefinition:   0 → Kontakt geöffnet
     1 → Kontakt geschlossen
• Kommunikationsrichtung:   nur an ANBLF

ANBLF records and links all the signals necessary to carry out a requested operating level and uses this to determine the actually available operating level.

• Number of signals: 17
• Signal voltage: 12-24 V (DC)
  (the signal voltage comes from the control and monitoring system of the lighting)
• Signal definition: 0 → contact open
  1 → Contact closed
• Direction of communication: only at ANBLF

Additional ANBLF signals to / from BLS

• Anzahl der Signale von ANBLF an BLS:   7
• Anzahl der Signale von BLS und ANBLF:   4
• Signalspannung:   12 - 24 V (DC)
     (die Signalspannung kommt vom BLS)
• Signaldefinition:   0 → Kontakt geöffnet
     1 → Kontakt geschlossen
• Kommunikationsrichtung:   in beide Richtungen

These signals concern the operating level and the landing direction.

• Number of signals from ANBLF to BLS: 7
• Number of signals from BLS and ANBLF: 4
• Signal voltage: 12 - 24 V (DC)
  (the signal voltage comes from the BLS)
• Signal definition: 0 → contact open
  1 → Contact closed
• Communication direction: in both directions

Note: The signals to be transmitted are only valid if if the valid bit is 1.

4 shows the coupling of the interface unit to the Firing computer of the central control facility in the new Tower.

In the control S5-155H Tower are used for the airport beacon (BEC) following control and feedback signals redundant placed on digital input / output modules:

For the control of the rotating beacon in the S5-155H two control outputs ("On" / "Off") are provided. This Both outputs (24V) are combined - decoupled by diodes and continued to an adhesion relay (remais relay). Thus, the switching status BEC remains at one There is a total failure of the lighting computer.

A fault localization device is implemented in the control and monitoring system to localize a fault in a control signal. signals 1 control signal BEC Pot. free contact 1 feedback BEC A Signal voltage + 24V

The following signals are provided for the obstacle lights (OBS) on the new tower. The control signal is built up in hardware so that the obstacle lights are automatically switched on in the event of a total failure of the control computer. signals 1 control signal OBS Pot. free contact 1 feedback OBS ON Signal voltage + 24V

The control computer SIMATIC S5-155H in the new tower is included an uninterruptible power supply (UPS). If the mains supply fails, the lighting computer must still functional for at least 60 minutes via the UPS his.

The connection to the five PCs with the software for the TID and PID workplaces are carried out - as shown in Figs. 1 and 5 shown with a redundant SINEC H1 bus connection (Ethernet).

The failure of a bus system (e.g. communication CP in S5-155H; Disconnecting the line; CPU failure) has none Impact on the functionality of the workplaces.

The coupling between the north-east lighting stations, North-west, fire brigade and tower takes place, as shown in FIG. 1, redundant via two fiber optic rings. All couplings are bus couplings.

The protocol is on the coupling routes to the stations PROFIBUS according to EN 50170, Volume 2 with a transmission speed of at least 1.5 Mbit / sec.

The handling of data transport via the two bus systems is carried out by communication processors SIMATIC CP 5431, that work parallel to the CPU and thus the CPU of Relieve coupling tasks.

The implementation of the electr. RS485 Profibus lines on the Both redundant optical fiber optic rings are made with "Optical Link Modules "(OLM). Also the power supply of these modules is done redundantly.

Redundante Kopplungen:

• Tower - Station Nord-West
• Tower - Station Nord-Ost
• Tower - Station Feuerwehr

The two redundant fiber optic rings are made with 10/125 µm monomode fibers. If one of the two coupling links fails, the other takes over the entire data exchange.

Redundant couplings:

• Tower - North-West station
• Tower - North-East station
• Tower station fire department

The coupling to the existing south-west and south-east stations continues to be done with the existing redundant fiber optic point Point couplings.

For this, four new fiber optic fiber pairs (10/125 µm fibers), which are relocated from the new tower to the old tower, in the old one Tower with two fiber optic converters each to the existing fiber optic network (50/125 µm fibers) coupled to the south stations. Serial data transmission between the tower and the main control room done with the SINEC H1 bus system (according to IEEE 802.3 Ethernet) over a fiber optic coupling link.

The handling of the H1 data transport is carried out with the communication processors SIMATIC CP 1430 running parallel to the CPU works and thus relieves the CPU of coupling tasks.

• Fehler- und Störungsanalyse
• Fehlerbehebung
• Softwareerweiterungen (Update-Service)

A teleservice unit is installed in the new tower, with which the lighting control system (BLS) can be maintained remotely via the telephone network. With this teleservice, the following functions can be carried out at the S5 lighting stations:

• Error and fault analysis
• Troubleshooting
• Software extensions (update service)

6 shows the construction principle of the central control device SIMATIC, S5-155H, from the tower.

The control units of the three stations north-west, fire brigade and the north-east are like the tower based on a SIMATIC S5-155H realized. The Profibus connections to the new tower are made via redundant fiber optic couplings.

The control of the current controller and acquisition of the controller feedback takes place via a redundant (two-channel) Profibus-DP coupling (Bus controller). In the event of total failure of an S5 control keep the coupling controller in the controller Switching state.

The lamp failures, the insulation status and the current actual value of the series circles are based on coprocessor units Basis of SIMATIC S7-300 and recorded via a redundant Transfer the Profibus coupling to the control unit S5-155H.

Sensor evaluation units are located in all stations Detection of taxi traffic on taxiways and slopes. The signals from the evaluation devices - especially the occupancy reports the sensor loops - are two-channel from the control unit S5-155H read in and processed redundantly.

For on-site control of systems and individual circles as well a PC-based service unit is responsible for monitoring their condition (Laptop) available.

7 shows a basic representation of the connection of bus-controlled control devices (constant current controllers, as well as lamp failure and insulation monitoring systems). With this bus concept, the controllers are not over individual digital outputs controlled by means of relay modules and the messages are read in individually with digital inputs, but connected via a redundant Profibus. The controllers set these control commands in current steps for the series circuits around. The controller issues monitoring signals via the bus for monitoring from that read in by the control and monitoring system and evaluated for error and operational messages.

For the regulated circuits Nordpiste will continue Type 6SF51 controller (as in the southern runway) used. Only the setpoint module is used against a Profibus module exchanged. The power and control parts remain unchanged. The Operation and the indicators on the front panel of the controller 6SF51 also remain unchanged.

The bus coupling is designed redundantly, i.e. in the event of failure The control and monitoring of one of the two Profibus remains controller received from the S5-155H single-channel. The Switching to the intact bus is bumpless within of a few milliseconds. The failure is reported in the control room. In the event of total failure of the S5 control or total failure control (both bus systems failed), the Switching state held on the controller's Profibus module (Remanenzfunktion).

The S5-155H is connected to the controller bus with two Communication interfaces IM 308C in separate central units.

Data is exchanged between the S5 and a controller via the redundant controller bus. The data exchange takes place bidirectional by the following interface signals:

Control signals from the S5 to the bus controller

1. Steuersignal "Helligkeitsstufe" Mit einem Steuerbyte wird die geforderte Helligkeitsstufe an den Regler übertragen. Die Anzahl der Stufensignale je Regler richtet sich nach der geforderten Helligkeitsstufung des Systems: APH, RSR, RCL, TDZ, PAPI REH (incl. THR und RWE) 5 Stufensignale 1%, 3%, 10%, 30%, 100% TXC: 3 Stufensignale 1%, 10%, 100% STB: 3 Stufensignale 10%, 30%, 100% APL, SFL, REL, SIG 1 Stufensignal 100%

2. Steuersignal "Regler Ein" Mit diesem Steuerbit wird der Regler in der durch das Steuerbyte "Helligkeitsstufe" vorgewählten Intensität eingeschaltet.

3. Steuersignal "Regler Reset" Mit diesem Steuerbit kann der Regler nach einer Abschaltung durch die Überwachungsfunktionen "Überstrom" oder "Istwertausfall" rückgesetzt werden ("Remote-Reset").

The following control signals are transmitted from the S5-155H via the controller bus to the two interfaces of the controller:

1. Control signal "Brightness level" The required brightness level is transferred to the controller with a control byte. The number of step signals per controller depends on the required brightness level of the system: APH, RSR, RCL, TDZ, PAPI REH (incl. THR and RWE) 5 step signals 1%, 3%, 10%, 30%, 100% TXC: 3 step signals 1%, 10%, 100% STB: 3 step signals 10%, 30%, 100% APL, SFL, REL, SIG 1 step signal 100%

2. Control signal "Controller on" With this control bit, the controller is switched on with the intensity selected by the control byte "Brightness level".

3. Control signal "Controller reset" This control bit can be used to reset the controller after it has been switched off by the "Overcurrent" or "Actual value failure" monitoring functions ("Remote reset").

Message signals from the bus controller to the S5

The controller provides a redundant controller bus (Profibus-DP) six message signals are available from the control and monitoring system be evaluated.

Each message signal is two-channel via this controller bus from two IM308C Profibus interface in expansion units of the S5-155H read.

1st message signal operational message ("I")

Signal state "1" indicates that the controller has a current emits. The control signal is at "1" and the signal Operating message goes within a monitoring time from about 1 second to the signal state "1", that works Control and monitoring system assume that the controller works properly.

Signal state "0" indicates that the controller has no current emits. The control signal is at "0" and the signal Operating message goes within a monitoring time from about 1 second to the signal state "0", that works Control and monitoring system assume that the controller is properly switched off.

2nd signal signal actual value failure ("I0")

Signal state "1" indicates that despite activation (Setpoint is pending; controller enable; load contactor on) none Series circuit current flows. This leads to the shutdown of the Controller and for the message "actual value failure".

Signal status "0" indicates that the controller is not through Actual value failure was switched off.

3. Overcurrent signal ("I>")

Signal state "1" indicates that the effective value of the Series circuit current several times within a certain Time grid exceeded the limit value that can be set on the controller Has. The controller lock will then appear in the controller activated and the load contactor switched off.

Signal status "0" indicates that the controller is not through Overcurrent was switched off.

4. "Location" ("F / O") signal:

Signal state "1" indicates that the controller is operating locally is switched. The control signals from the S5-155H are ignored. The error evaluation is not active.

Signal state "0" indicates that the controller is on remote control is switched. The selection of the operating levels takes place via the control signals of the S5-155H. The error evaluation is active.

5. Signal signals bus errors ("BF1" / "BF2")

Signal state "1" indicates that the controller is on a of its two bus interfaces detects transmission errors ("BF1" or "BF2" depending on the interface). The Failure of both interfaces is recognized by the S5-155H.

Signal status "0" indicates that the Profibus interfaces of the controller are working correctly.

Evaluation of the controller signal signals

The control signal signals are evaluated by the lighting computer as follows: CONTROL MESSAGES Circle drive Actual value available overcurrent Istwertausfall Remote (not location) district status 1 1 0 0 1 OK 1 0 X X 1 error 1 X 1 X 1 error 1 X X 1 1 error 0 0 0 0 1 OK 0 1 X X 1 error X X X X 0 Location report not an error

For monitoring lamp failures, insulation conditions and Current actual values of the series circuits become coprocessor units based on a SIMATIC S7-300 that uses a redundant Profibus (FDL protocol) to the respective station lighting computer be connected (see FIG. 7).

New modules are available for the lamp failure message, whose measured values are read out via a PLC (S7-300) become. The measuring principle corresponds to the well-known LAM module i.e. an empty lamp transformer turns on Measurement window formed by the measurement values voltage and time be recorded. The program in the S7 determines the Number of failed lamps based on when commissioning determined reference values.

To stage monitoring via an independent current measurement to enable (see draft standard IEC61 820) is supported by the LAM module also recorded the rms value of the secondary current and coupled via the S7 to the S5-155H controller.

The LAM modules must be used for easier commissioning no longer be compared, but the program in the S7 records and saves the values for a reference point at the push of a button. With a connectable laptop, the Values are read out and saved. In an exchange a LAM module, no new adjustment has to be made (Reference values are saved in the S7). At a If the S7 needs to be replaced, all reference values / parameters can be changed loaded from the laptop back into the S7.

Via a PC with a flat screen installed in the LAM / ISO cabinet, can call up the current measured values at any time become. which are also connected to the S7 (cf. FIG 7).

With these new modules in conjunction with the evaluation program ISO in the S7 becomes a much larger measuring range covered (5 kΩ to 200 MΩ, optional 999 MΩ) and this with a higher resolution (12 bits) than the known one ISO scanner (5 bit).

This enables the insulation value in the control room (PC) be displayed on a histogram (insulation value above the Time). As with LAM, there is a display of the current measured values available on the built-in flat screen.

A program is available on the laptop for commissioning Available.

• Weniger Verkabelung in der Station und daraus resultierend einfacherer Ausbau. Die Steuerung muss bei Änderungen und Ergänzungen der Befeuerung in der Regel nur softwaremäßig ergänzt werden.
• Isolationsmessung mit Messbereich von 5 kΩ bis 200 MΩ (optional bis 999 MΩ) mit einer Auflösung von mindestens 12 Bit (bisher 5 Bit).
• Lampenausfallmessung mit sehr ähnlichem Messprinzip wie bisherige LAM Baugruppe aber mit automatischer Ermittlung der kreisspezifischen Parameter bei der Inbetriebnahme. Sicherung der Referenzparameter in einem Laptop, mit der Möglichkeit der Rückladung.
• Weniger Platzbedarf für Steuerung und LAM/ISO-Schränke
• Vom Regler unabhängige zweite Strommessung (Effektivwert) zur Überwachung der Stufenströme (=Helligkeit).

The following advantages over the LAM / ISO concept of the southern slope are, for example:

• Less cabling in the station and, as a result, easier expansion. The control usually only has to be supplemented by software in the event of changes and additions to the lighting.
• Insulation measurement with a measuring range from 5 kΩ to 200 MΩ (optionally up to 999 MΩ) with a resolution of at least 12 bits (previously 5 bits).
• Lamp failure measurement with a measurement principle very similar to the previous LAM module but with automatic determination of the circuit-specific parameters during commissioning. Backup of the reference parameters in a laptop, with the possibility of reloading.
• Less space required for control and LAM / ISO cabinets
• Second current measurement (effective value) independent of the controller for monitoring the step currents (= brightness).

The flashing lights are controlled in the stations North-West and North-East via a pulse generator that is controlled by the and monitoring system is switched on and off. The Passing frequency is fixed (not switchable).

The pulse generator outputs monitoring signals for monitoring, which are read in by the control and monitoring system.
The coupling between the control unit S5-155H and the pulse generators takes place via 24V signals.

control:

For controlling the pulse generator with the control signal "pulse generator In the S5-155H, two control outputs each ("On" / "Off") provided. These two exits (24V) are decoupled by diodes and continued to a relay (Remanzrelais). Consequently the switching state SFL remains even in the event of a total failure of the Firing calculator exist.

To localize an error in a control signal a fault localization device in the control and monitoring system realized.

SFL feedback:

The pulse generator for flash firing provides 6 signal signals available, evaluated by the control and monitoring system become.

Each message signal is redundant (two-channel) on the inputs the S5-155H hung up. To localize a signal failure is a fault location in the control unit S5-155H realized.

1. "Operational message" signal:

Signal state "1" indicates that the pulse generator is working. Is the control signal at "1" and the signal "operating message passes within a monitoring time of about 1 second to the signal state "1", the control and monitoring system assume that the pulse generator works properly.

2. "Far / Local" signal:

Signal state "1" indicates that the pulse generator is switched to local operation. The control signals from the S5-155H relay module are ignored.
Signal state "0" indicates that the pulse generator is switched to remote control. The operating levels are selected via the control signals of the S5-155H relay module.

3. "Ready" signal:

Signal state "1" indicates that voltage is present and the pulse generator is ready for operation.

Signal state is not operational.

4. Message signal "0" indicates that there is no voltage or the pulse generator error TIL "(threshold flash):

Signal state "1" indicates that an error has occurred on the threshold flash and both lamps are switched off.
Signal state "0" indicates that there is no fault on the lamps of the threshold flashes.

5. "1st threshold" signal (LAM warning):

Signal state "1" indicates that the first threshold for lamp failure that can be set on the pulse generator has been reached.
Signal state "0" indicates that the first threshold for lamp failure has not yet been reached.

6. "2nd threshold" signal (LAM alarm):

Signal state "1" indicates that the second, on the pulse generator adjustable threshold for lamp failure reached is.

Signal state "0" indicates that the second threshold for Lamp failure has not yet been reached.

Evaluation of the signal signals from the control and monitoring system:

Control (on = 1, off = 0) Operational message signal Ready signal Remote / location signal evaluation 0 0 1 0 okay 1 1 1 0 okay 0 1 x 0 error 1 0 x 0 error x x 0 0 error x x x 1 no error evaluation, only display: "Circle on location".

For obstruction lights (OBS) are in the lighting computer the north-west, fire brigade and north-east stations each have two digital control outputs and ten feedback inputs are provided.

The control voltage for the control and feedback of the decentralized OL control switchgear is 60V DC. This tax and alarm signals are in an additional control cabinet "Obstacle fire" on the S5 input and output level implemented by 24V DC. In addition, the two S5 control outputs OBS-1 / OBS-2 reproduced.

Control by S5:

The obstacle lights are controlled by two redundant ones Control signals of the S5. The two outputs (24V) are - decoupled by diodes - combined and to two coupling relays continued. These coupling relays become hardware constructed so that in the event of a total failure of the control computer the obstacle lights are switched on automatically become.

The two control signals are now obstruction lights in the control cabinet each for the control of 5 obstacle light groups reproduced and converted to 60V DC.

Feedback to S5

The 60V feedback from the 10 obstacle light groups are in the Control cabinet obstacle lighting on potential-free contacts implemented and by the lighting computer S5-155H with 24V DC signal voltage read in redundantly.

Evaluation of the signal signals from the control and monitoring system:

For each of the 10 obstacle light groups, the evaluation is carried out in the lighting computer according to the following scheme: control signal alarm signal Evaluation group 1-10 0 0 okay 1 1 okay 0 1 error 1 0 error

Evaluation after switching "OBS-On" or "OBS-Off" takes place after a delay of approx. 20 seconds.

A fault message is only issued in the main and secondary control room. OBS errors are not output in the tower.

Faults persist until the cause of the fault is fixed again. The lighting computers of the stations bind then those obstacle fire groups back in automatically monitoring one.

The following redundant signals are provided for the wind direction display in the north-west and north-east stations. signals 1 control signal WDI Pot. free contact 1 feedback WDI ON Signal voltage + 24V

To implement the processes involved in rolling in CATIII to the runway, securing stop bars and block circuits on the taxiways, the registration of the taxiing objects needed with a sensor system.

• Sensoren (Induktionsschleifen), eingelassen in den Roll bahnen und Start-/Landepisten
• Auswertegeräten in den Stationen zur Bildung der Belegtsignale (Induktionsschleife belegt)

This essentially consists of:

• Sensors (induction loops) embedded in the runways and runways
• Evaluation devices in the stations for the formation of the occupancy signals (induction loop occupied)

a) Verhalten der Sensoren: Ein Rollobjekt, das eine Sensorschleife überfährt, löst je nach Rollablauf und Objektbeschaffenheit einen oder mehrere Belegtimpulse an diesem Sensor aus.

b) Belegen von Sicherheitssensoren: Beim Überfahren von Kreuzungen und Einmündungen können von einem Objekt keine Sicherheitssensoren belegt werden, die sich seitlich zur befahrenen Strecke befinden.

c) Übergang zwischen TXC-Blöcken: Die Sensoren sind zu den TXC-Blöcken so anzuordnen, dass sich genau am Übergang eines TXC-Blocks zum anderen ein Sensor befindet. Ein möglicher Versatz muss so klein sein, dass ein Objekt den vor einem TXC-Block befindlichen Sensor nicht belegt, wenn es direkt vor diesem TXC-Block stoppt.

d) Zur eindeutigen Erfassung von Rollobjekten muss folgendes erfüllt sein:

d1) Der Mindestabstand zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Rollobjekten muss so groß sein, dass ein Sensor vom nachfolgenden Objekt erst belegt wird, wenn dieser vom vorausfahrenden Sensor "freigeschaltet" ist (dies ist aufgrund des Verhaltens der Sensoren nach a) notwendig; ein Objekt erzeugt ggf. mehrere Belegtimpulse). Die Freischaltung eines Sensors erfolgt, wenn das vorausfahrende Objekt einen hinreichend weit entfernten 2. Sensor belegt.Für den Abstand dieser zwei Sensoren gilt:

• Jedes Objekt muss zwischen diese beiden Sensoren passen, wobei nur an einem ein Belegtsignal erzeugt wird.
• Zwischen diesen beiden Sensoren muss sich ein vollständiger TXC-Abschnitt (Block) befinden, der als Schleppe geschaltet werden kann.

d2) Für die unter d1) stehende Betrachtung ist der sensoraktive Teil der sensoraktive Teil erzeugt eine Belegtmeldung) eines Rollobjektes von Bedeutung.

The following is used as a basis for evaluating the data provided by the sensor elements:

a) Behavior of the sensors: A rolling object that passes over a sensor loop triggers one or more occupancy pulses on this sensor depending on the rolling sequence and the nature of the object.

b) Occupying safety sensors: When crossing intersections and junctions, an object cannot occupy safety sensors that are located to the side of the route being traveled.

c) Transition between TXC blocks: The sensors are to be arranged to the TXC blocks in such a way that a sensor is located exactly at the transition from one TXC block to the other. A possible offset must be so small that an object does not occupy the sensor in front of a TXC block if it stops directly in front of this TXC block.

d) The following must be fulfilled for the unambiguous recording of rolling objects:

d1) The minimum distance between two successive rolling objects must be so large that a sensor is only occupied by the following object if it is "activated" by the sensor in front (this is necessary due to the behavior of the sensors according to a); an object may generate several occupancy pulses). A sensor is activated if the object in front occupies a second sensor that is sufficiently far away. The following applies to the distance between these two sensors:

• Each object must fit between these two sensors, with only one of them generating a busy signal.
• Between these two sensors there must be a complete TXC section (block) that can be switched as a train.

d2) For the observation under d1), the sensor-active part is important. The sensor-active part generates an occupancy message) of a rolling object.

Each evaluation card of the sensor elements has the following message signals to the control unit S5-155H in the station:

4 busy signals

(A maximum of 4 loops can be connected to an evaluation device A busy signal signals "1" (24V), if an object (airplane) has an associated loop drives, otherwise "0". If a loop is defective, the busy signal pulses with approx. 1 Hz and the signal "Error" is "1".

1 "Operation" signal

This signal is "1" (24V) if the evaluation card of the Device is working properly.

1 signal "error"

This signal is "1" (24V) if one or more Loops have a defect.

All signals from the sensor system are transferred to the S5-155H Two-channel stations. About fault location A defective input is detected and reported in the S5-155H.

A service unit is available for on-site diagnosis and control (Laptop) provided.

This service unit is used to control the lighting systems and observation of operating states (controller, LAM, ISO and sensors) of a station. This laptop can be running Operation can be coupled to the control units S5-155H. The software on the laptop automatically recognizes which one Control unit (north-east, fire department or north-west) connected them is.

Obtain the displays and control options in each station on all lighting and sensor systems of this station and are also in the event of total failure of the coupling to the tower still fully functional. The ads are made via a Window system, d. H. multiple displays (pictures) can be used at the same time opened and their position on the screen. Operation is carried out with a mouse.

The service device is designed as a portable Pentium PC (laptop). Windows NT is used as the operating system.

The following operating and display levels (Windows) are provided:

Overview:

The status (on / off / location / Errors) of all systems of the respective station in one window shown.

circular window

Circular windows show all status data of selected circles (controller, LAM, ISO).

sensor window

Hinweis:

weitere Details zum Systemstatus der Sensorschleifen können mit der Sensorsoftware der Firma Honeywell aus den Sensorerfassungsgeräten ausgelesen werden.

The sensor image shows occupancy messages and fault states of the sensor loops (as far as detected by the S5-155H).

Note:

Further details on the system status of the sensor loops can be read out from the sensor detection devices with the sensor software from Honeywell.

Controlling the lights (local controls)

With the service unit, lighting systems can be installed in the station are controlled in which the service device is coupled has been. The prerequisite is that there is an operator with tax authorization logged in with a password.

With the service unit, every approach, S / L system and everyone can STB / TXC section and the other systems individually be switched on and off (as far as in the respective station available). The brightness setting per system can can also be chosen. It is operated using the mouse by selecting on / off buttons on the screen (window).

Other functions

• Log In / Out
• Change passwords
• end of program

8 shows the basic structure of a decentralized control device, here a SIAMTIC type S5-155H.

The control rooms are based on a PC with a coupling to the tower as well Monitor, printer and UPS (see FIG 1).

• Grafische Darstellung des Befeuerungs- und Systemzustands,
• Einzelanzeigen für jeden Stromkreis mit Zustand Regler, LAM und ISO,
• Einzelanzeige des Zustands der Sensor-Auswertegeräte (Schleifen),
• Berechnen und Anzeigen der Betriebszeiten für Lampen und Regler,
• Eingeben von Grenzwerten und Parameter,
• Statusanzeigen der ANBLF-Meldungen,
• Speichern und Anzeigen von Störmeldungen für einen Zeitraum von mindestens 7 Tage. Ausdrucken der Störmeldungen mit Datum/Uhrzeit,
• Speichern und Anzeigen aller Betriebszustände der Befeuerung für einen Zeitraum von mindestens 7 Tage,
• Ausdrucken ausgewählter Betriebszustände auf einem Protokolldrucker.
• Verwaltungsfunktionen wie passwortgeschützter Zugriff und Datensicherung.

In summary, the following services are provided:

• Graphic display of the lighting and system status,
• Individual displays for each circuit with status controller, LAM and ISO,
• Individual display of the status of the sensor evaluation devices (loops),
• Calculate and display the operating times for lamps and controllers,
• Entering limit values and parameters,
• Status displays of the ANBLF reports,
• Storage and display of fault messages for a period of at least 7 days. Print out the fault messages with date / time,
• Storage and display of all operating states of the lighting for a period of at least 7 days,
• Print selected operating states on a log printer.
• Administrative functions such as password-protected access and data backup.

The displays are colored in a window system, the operation becomes user-friendly via menus with the mouse carried out.

PC Pentium II 450 MHz

• Farbmonitor 20" mit Grafikkarte, Auflösung 1024 x 768 Bildpunkte
• Farbdrucker mit Einzelblatteinzug für Protokolle
• Matrixdrucker mit Endlospapier als Störmeldedrucker
• Funkuhr für die Zeit- und Datumssynchronisation
• Maus und Tastatur

With:

• Color monitor 20 "with graphics card, resolution 1024 x 768 pixels
• Single sheet feed color printer for logs
• Matrix printer with continuous paper as a fault report printer
• Radio clock for time and date synchronization
• mouse and keyboard

WINDOWS NT operating system

SINEC H1 coupling to the tower with fiber optic converter (OLM) visualization system.

The system is operated over a UPS for min. Buffered for 10 min. After that the computer will shut down automatically. After return the system runs again automatically high.

The screen is used to display all operating data, operating states, Error messages and operator input.

The display takes place via a window system, i.e. multiple ads (Images) can be opened at the same time and in their position moved on the screen.

Operation is carried out with the mouse.

• Titelleiste
• Meldezeile
• Bildbereich
• Bildumschalttasten

The screen is divided into several areas as follows:

• Title bar
• Message line
• image area
• Bildumschalttasten

The state of the whole is shown in the graphic overview Firing system clearly shown in graphic form.

• Piste N/S
• Rollwege
• Vorfeld

The picture contains:

• Runway N / S
• taxiways
• advance

The runway lighting is displayed in circles, the display for taxiways, stop bars and apron system.
In the event of a mains fault and emergency power operation, warning displays are displayed for each station that are not visible during normal mains operation.

The states of a lighting system are identified by colors: Status display OUT Gray ON system dependent Error not acknowledged Flashing magenta / gray Error acknowledged magenta (non-flashing) Circle in place, not acknowledged Flashing white / gray Circle on location, acknowledged White (not flashing)

The ON state of the individual lighting systems is shown as follows: system colour SFL White APH White RSR red TDZ White RCL White DEER White REL White THR green RWE red PAPI Red White TXC green TXE blue STB red SEN brown

The image selection buttons each show a group error status which is formed from all the errors in this picture are displayed. If an error occurs, the key color changes from gray to magenta.

Select circular image with mouse

The graphic overview screen is also used for easy selection the detailed signal display in a circle. All you have to do is the graphic symbol of the lighting system with the left Mouse button can be selected.

When selected with the right mouse button, a list with all Systems displayed from which a circular image can be opened is selected.

A maximum of two circular images can be opened at the same time his.

For every approach and runway system as well as for every STB and TXC section as well as other systems, is a picture (window) with the associated circuits. The circular image (Window) contains all existing information of the circuits of a system.

The circular image can be "touched" at the top with the Mouse can be moved on the screen.

The input is also from the circular image via other windows of circle-related data possible.

The individual circular images can be selected in a selection window selected their name or via the graphic overview screen become.

The pictures contain the following displays:

• system data
  • System identification ¹⁾
  • Control of the system ¹⁾
• controller data
  • Distance / location ¹⁾
  • set brightness level ¹⁾
  • Controller feedback ¹⁾
  • Controller operating time ²⁾
• lamp data
  • Number of defective lamps ¹⁾
  • Number of lamps per circuit ¹⁾
  • Lamp operating time ²⁾
  • Maintenance interval ³⁾
  • relative lamp load ³⁾
  • LAM limits ³⁾
  • LAM state (OK, partial, total failure) ¹⁾
• isolation data
  • Actual ISO value [kOhm]
  • ISO limits ³⁾
  • ISO status (OK, partial, total failure) ¹⁾

1. Daten werden angezeigt

2. Daten werden angezeigt und können zurückgesetzt werden

3. Daten werden angezeigt und können eingegeben werden

The labeling of the individual information has the following meaning:

1. Data is displayed

2. Data is displayed and can be reset

3. Data is displayed and can be entered

Some circles and special systems are unregulated and own therefore no lamp and insulation data as well as controller data and controller operating times.

Similar to the overview image can also from the circular image the displayed system is changed using the selection list become.

The operating times of all circles are calculated and saved.

The operating times are calculated in two ways:

Absolute total uptime

The absolute total operating time (controller operating time) of a Circle is the "real" operating time of the circle.

Rated operating time

The rated operating time since the last maintenance, in the following Text referred to as rated uptime or lamp uptime, is the sum of the operating times of a district since the last maintenance.

In the case of regulated circles, the switch-on times of the circles before adding the reciprocal of the percent lamp life the respective brightness level multiplied. The means that the operating times displayed are evaluated operating times.

Example:

The runway system is operated at brightness level 3. The System is turned on for 0.5 hours. As a relative lamp load for stage 3 of district 1 (runway) 80% is saved.

The following value is added to the operating time of circuit 1 during this duty cycle: 0.5 h * 0.80 = 0.4 h

The operating times are always updated as long as the Computer is switched on.

In the case of unregulated circuits, the switch-on times of the respective Circle simply added. That means it will be the real one Lamp operating time is displayed.

In the status overview of the control system (window), the Control of the lighting with the control computers in all stations and the couplings are graphed so that on a look at the state of the system.

In the event of malfunctions in a control computer or in a coupling the associated symbol flashes.

If not all components fit on one picture, the individual stations spread over several pictures. The Couplings between the stations are then additionally in presented in an overview picture.

The control system monitors the lighting system. Realize it a malfunction, an error message is generated for stored for at least 30 days, (ultimately limited by Storage space) is displayed and printed out.

The "message line" and the Picture (window) "Message list".

Error messages are also sent to the printer as a message sequence report printed.

All error messages must be acknowledged by the operating personnel.

All error messages are saved on a magnetic disk. Error messages are always recorded when the computer is switched on is.

• Teilausfall
  (Überschreitung Schwelle 1) Diese Fehlermeldungen sind ein Hinweis für die Wartung, dass Handlungsbedarf besteht.
• Totalausfall = Alarm
  (Überschreitung Schwelle 2) Diese Fehler sind so gravierend, dass der Betrieb mindestens eines Befeuerungssystems nicht mehr voll gewährleistet ist und sind als kritische Fehler zu betrachten.

The system knows two levels of errors:

• partial failure
  (Exceeding threshold 1) These error messages are an indication for maintenance that there is a need for action.
• Total failure = alarm
  (Exceeding threshold 2) These errors are so serious that the operation of at least one lighting system is no longer fully guaranteed and are to be regarded as critical errors.

The picture (window) "Message list" shows the data saved in the computer Error messages displayed.

The display is in list form, with the errors displayed represent a section of the saved errors. The entry list can be scrolled to one by one Display errors.

• Datum und Uhrzeit Fehler erkannt/quittiert/behoben
• Zustand erkannt/quittiert/behoben
• Kreisbezeichnung
• Systemkennzeichnung (falls anwendbar)
• Störort (Station)
• Fehlerkategorie (Teilausfall/Totalausfall)

The following data is displayed for each error:

• Date and time error detected / acknowledged / corrected
• Condition recognized / acknowledged / corrected
• circle name
• System identification (if applicable)
• Disturbance (station)
• Error category (partial failure / total failure)

All errors of a display or all saved errors can be acknowledged at once.
The message list can be printed out (see also printer output).

The message list has two types of display: current and archive. There are only pending errors in the current list visible. All detected errors are in the archive view visible, with separate entries for the states recognized, acknowledged and fixed.

The message line is independent of the selected picture (window) always visible.

The message line serves to inform the operator of the last recognized Display errors regardless of the selected image.

The same information appears in the message line for the error displayed as in the message list.

• Stromkreisfehler
• Fehler im Steuer- und Überwachungssystem

The error messages that are recognized and displayed in the control room can essentially be assigned as follows:

• Circuit Error
• Fault in the control and monitoring system

a) Reglerfehler

b) Lampenausfälle Bei der Lampenausfallüberwachung werden zwei Fehlerstufen unterschieden. Die erste Stufe ist der "Teilausfall" (Grenzwert 1), die zweite Stufe ist der "Totalausfall" (Grenzwert 2).

c) Isolationszustand Gleiche Funktion wie bei Lampenausfälle

d) Lampenbetriebszeit

Circular faults are to be understood as faults that clearly relate to a circuit of the lighting system.

a) Controller error

b) Lamp failures There are two levels of error in lamp failure monitoring. The first stage is "partial failure" (limit value 1), the second stage is "total failure" (limit value 2).

c) Isolation state Same function as in the case of lamp failures

d) lamp operating time

This error indicates that the lamp operating time has been exceeded. It is displayed when the operating time counter has a higher value for the lamps of a circle than the saved maintenance interval (see pie chart).

When the lamps are replaced, the operating time counter can can be reset to zero (see circle). This clears the "Operating time" error.

• Stromversorgung
• Lüfter
• S5-interne Batterie
• CPU
• Kommunikationsbaugruppe
• Ein-/Ausgabebaugruppe

Error, control and monitoring system includes all failures in the control and monitoring system:

• power supply
• Fan
• S5 internal battery
• CPU
• communications unit
• Input / output module

The switching status of all circuits, systems of lighting and Signals from the sensor system are recorded with the date and time and stored in a database for at least 7 days. If necessary, signals can be displayed in a curve window or printed out.

• Anwahl aller Systeme und Helligkeitsstufen einschließlich Schaltabschnitte TXC und STB
• Alle ANBLF-Meldungen
• Rückmeldung aller Regler (ok oder Fehler)
• LAM-Istwerte
• ISO-Istwerte

The following signals are saved:

• Selection of all systems and brightness levels including switching sections TXC and STB
• All ANBLF reports
• Feedback from all controllers (ok or error)
• LAM actual values
• ISO actual values

The actual values for LAM, ISO and brightness level are in curve form shown.

The selection of the systems, the ANBLF messages and other operational messages are similar to the error messages in list form output.

• Meldeliste
• Lampenausfallprotokoll
• Betriebszeitenprotokoll
• Betriebszustände über der Zeit

As shown in FIG. 1, two printers are connected in the main control room. The following lists and protocols are printed out on these printers:

• Entry list
• Lamp failure protocol
• Operating time protocol
• Operating conditions over time

• Datum und Uhrzeit Fehler erkannt/quittiert/behoben
• Zustand erkannt/quittiert/behoben
• Kreisbezeichnung
• Systemkennzeichnung (falls anwendbar)
• Störort (Station)
• Fehlerkategorie (Teilausfall/Totalausfall)

The message list is printed continuously when an error is detected, acknowledged and corrected. Each page of the entry list is printed with a page header. The following information is printed for each error:

• Date and time error detected / acknowledged / corrected
• Condition recognized / acknowledged / corrected
• circle name
• System identification (if applicable)
• Disturbance (station)
• Error category (partial failure / total failure)

A log of all current lamp failure data is available on request printed. The expression is organized according to systems and sorted the corresponding district numbers. Every page comes with with a header, the day of the week and the date of the printout contains. The pages are numbered. On request a log of the operating times of the controllers and the lamps printed out of all circles. The printout is sorted by system and sorted the corresponding district numbers. Every page comes with with a header, the day of the week and the date of the printout contains. The pages are numbered.

The "Login" function is used to determine the operator Unlock functions of the program.

The operator must enter a secret password to log in log on to the computer.

The "login" mechanism prevents unauthorized operators or other important functions of the Program can perform because they have the secret passwords not knowing.

The "Logout" function is the counterpart to logging in. When the operator logs off, all are released Functions locked again.

In addition to the user "Supervisor", who all system resources the other users must be available their access rights are set up. Also receives each user a password.

• Parameter ändern/Werte rücksetzen
• Befeuerung steuern

The following rights are provided:

• Change parameters / reset values
• Control lighting

A user can do all, part or none of these Rights are assigned. A user without one of these Access rights can open all pictures (windows) however do not change any data.

In normal operation, the data is installed on a computer Hard drive saved.

The saved data will automatically change at specified intervals outsourced to the hard disk (CSV file). Of there the operator can save the files on a DOS or ZIP disk save and e.g. processed with Excel / Access become.

Should there be a defect in the computer to the loss of this Data are coming, so the data can be from the DOS or ZIP disk copied back into the computer.

In addition, entered parameters and settings of the Firing on the S5 side and kept on the PC, so in the In the event of an error, the last existing state is restored can be.

If the computer is to be switched off, the program is first to end.

This function is password protected and can only are triggered by authorized persons.

Claims (11)

Control system for airfield lighting systems for control, Control and / or monitoring of actuator and / or sensor elements of airfield lighting devices, including a central one redundant control device to which input and output devices and by means of at least one interface at least one via a redundant bus system decentralized, with the actuator and / or sensor elements from Airfield lighting devices connectable control device connectable is. Control system according to claim 1, characterized in that the central control device is a programmable logic control device, preferably a SIMATIC, particularly preferably of the type S5-155H or S7-400H. Control system according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the decentralized control device is a redundant control device. Control system according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the decentralized control device is a programmable logic controller, preferably a SIMATIC, particularly preferably of the type S5-155H or S7-400H. Control system according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the interface comprises communication processors. Control system according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the bus system is an Ethernet or a PROFIBUS network. Control system according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it can be operated with high availability. Control system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least partial areas can be operated in a safety-related manner. Control system according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it can be assembled from commercially available assemblies and / or components. Control system according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it is adaptable to existing control systems. Control system according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it can be expanded in a modular manner.

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