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Enzyme-An introduction
- 1. 03/16/19 PREPARED BY : SHUBHI SAXENAPREPARED BY : SHUBHI SAXENA "INTRODUCTION"
- 2. 03/16/19 CONTENTS 1. DEFINITION 2. CHARACTERS OF ENZYME 3. PROPERTIES OF ENZYMES 4. CLASSIFICATION OF ENZYMES 5. HOW AN ENZYME WORKS 6. PREPRATION OF ENZYME 7. IDENTIFICATION OF ENZYMES 8. SUMMARY OF ENZYMES
- 3. 03/16/19 "ENZYMES" "ENZYMES ARE THE PROTEINS WHICH ACT AS BIOLOGICAL CATALYST"
- 4. 03/16/19 CHARACTERSCHARACTERS SHOW MAXIMUM ACTIVITY BETWEEN 350 C-400 C . IT GETS DENATURED BEYOND 650 C AND PRACTICALY INACTIVED AT 00 C. SOLUBLE IN WATER AND DILUTE ALCOHOL ... CONC. ALCOHOL PRECIPITATES THEM.
- 5. 03/16/19 FACTOR LIKE pH DIRECTLY AFFECTS ENZYMES. ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY REDUCED BY : a) FORMALDEHYDE b) FREE IODINE c) HEAVY METALS d) TANNINS
- 6. 03/16/19 "PROPERTIES OF ENZYMES" {which differentiate enzyme from catalyst} Catalyse only a specific reaction...i.e.,they are reaction specific. They are exceedingly efficient under optimal condition As a group ,they are exceptionally versatile catalysts.
- 7. 03/16/19 CLASSIFICATION OF ENZYMES ENZYMES (on the basis of...) NATURE SITE OF ACTION
- 8. 03/16/19 A) On The Basis Of Nature • There are 6 classes of enzymes:- 1) HYDROLASES-For catalysis of hydrolytic reaction. 2) TRANSFERASES-For the transfer of chemical group from one molecule to another. 3) OXIDO-REDUCTASE -Catayse the oxidation-reduction reactions.
- 9. 03/16/19 4 )LYSES- Catayse the addition of groups to double bonds or vice versa. 5 )ISOMERASES-Are responsible for intramolecular arrangement. 6 )SYNTHETASES-Catayse the condensation of 2 molecules coupled with the cleavage pyrophosphate bond of ATP or similar triphosphate.
- 10. 03/16/19 B) OnThe Basis Of Site Of Action • They are of two types:- 1) ENDOENZYMES- "Those which act only inside the cell are known as endoenzymes".These involve in the synthesis of cell components, food reserves and bioenergic,i.e. liberation of energy from food stuffs.
- 11. 03/16/19 2 )EXOENZYMES-"The enzymes which are secreted outside the cell are known as exoenzymes or intracellular enzymes." These are normally digestive in their function.
- 12. 03/16/19 HOW AN ENZYME WORKS
- 13. 03/16/19 PREPRATION OF ENZYMES ENZYMES ARE EXTRACTED FROM ANIMALS AND PLANTS. EXAMPLE- PAPAIN is obtained from papaya PANCREATIN is obtained from the intestine of hog(wild boar).
- 14. 03/16/19 IDENTIFICATION TESTS FOR ENZYMES The enzyme can be identified on basis of :- 1)Morphology(colour, odour, taste) 2) Mass Spectrometry 3) 2-D GEL ELECTROPHORESIS
- 15. 03/16/19 MASS SPECTROMETRY "Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical chemistry technique that helps identify the amount and type of chemicals present in a sample by measuring the mass-to-charge ratio and abundance of gas-phase ions."
- 16. 03/16/19 2-D GEL ELECTROPHORESIS "Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-D electrophoresis) is a powerful and widely used method for the analysis of complex protein mixtures extracted from cells, tissues, or other biological samples. "
- 17. 03/16/19 NAME OF ENZYMENAME OF ENZYME B.S.B.S. TYPE OF ENZYMETYPE OF ENZYME USESUSES 1.DIASTASE Saliva Amylolytic enzyme Digestion of starch 2.PANCREATIN Pancreas of Sus scrofa CARBOLYTIC,PROTEO LYTIC,LIPOLYTIC ENZYME Digestive aid for starch, protein and fat 3.TRYPSIN Pancreas of Ox Bos taurus PROTEOLYTIC ENZYME Proteolysis of blood clot 4.PAPAIN Carica papaya PROTEOLYTIC ENZYME Meat tenderizer, clarification of beverages 5.PEPSIN Glandular layer of fresh stomach of hog PROTEOLYTIC ENZYME Conversion of proteins to peptones and proteose SUMMARY OF ENZYMES
- 18. 03/16/19