DASS-21 (with scoring sheet) - Black Dog Institute
DASS-21 (with scoring sheet) - Black Dog Institute
DASS-21 (with scoring sheet) - Black Dog Institute
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<strong>DASS</strong> <strong>21</strong> NAME DATE<br />
Please read each statement and circle a number 0, 1, 2 or 3 which indicates how much the statement applied to you<br />
over the past week. There are no right or wrong answers. Do not spend too much time on any statement.<br />
The rating scale is as follows:<br />
0 Did not apply to me at all - NEVER<br />
1 Applied to me to some degree, or some of the time - SOMETIMES<br />
2 Applied to me to a considerable degree, or a good part of time - OFTEN<br />
3 Applied to me very much, or most of the time - ALMOST ALWAYS<br />
FOR OFFICE USE<br />
N S O AA<br />
1 I found it hard to wind down 0 1 2 3<br />
2 I was aware of dryness of my mouth 0 1 2 3<br />
3 I couldn’t seem to experience any positive feeling at all 0 1 2 3<br />
4<br />
I experienced breathing difficulty (eg, excessively rapid breathing,<br />
breathlessness in the absence of physical exertion)<br />
0 1 2 3<br />
5 I found it difficult to work up the initiative to do things 0 1 2 3<br />
6 I tended to over-react to situations 0 1 2 3<br />
7 I experienced trembling (eg, in the hands) 0 1 2 3<br />
8 I felt that I was using a lot of nervous energy 0 1 2 3<br />
9<br />
I was worried about situations in which I might panic and make a fool of<br />
myself<br />
0 1 2 3<br />
10 I felt that I had nothing to look forward to 0 1 2 3<br />
11 I found myself getting agitated 0 1 2 3<br />
12 I found it difficult to relax 0 1 2 3<br />
13 I felt down-hearted and blue 0 1 2 3<br />
14<br />
I was intolerant of anything that kept me from getting on <strong>with</strong> what I was<br />
doing<br />
0 1 2 3<br />
15 I felt I was close to panic 0 1 2 3<br />
16 I was unable to become enthusiastic about anything 0 1 2 3<br />
17 I felt I wasn’t worth much as a person 0 1 2 3<br />
18 I felt that I was rather touchy 0 1 2 3<br />
19<br />
I was aware of the action of my heart in the absence of physicalexertion (eg,<br />
sense of heart rate increase, heart missing a beat)<br />
0 1 2 3<br />
20 I felt scared <strong>with</strong>out any good reason 0 1 2 3<br />
<strong>21</strong> I felt that life was meaningless 0 1 2 3<br />
TOTALS<br />
D A S
<strong>DASS</strong> Severity Ratings<br />
The <strong>DASS</strong> is a quantitative measure of distress along the 3 axes of depression, anxiety1 and stress2 . It is not<br />
a categorical measure of clinical diagnoses.<br />
Emotional syndromes like depression and anxiety are intrinsically dimensional - they vary along a<br />
continuum of severity (independent of the specific diagnosis). Hence the selection of a single cut-off<br />
score to represent clinical severity is necessarily arbitrary. A scale such as the <strong>DASS</strong> can lead to a useful<br />
assessment of disturbance, for example individuals who may fall short of a clinical cut-off for a specific<br />
diagnosis can be correctly recognised as experiencing considerable symptoms and as being at high risk of<br />
further problems.<br />
However for clinical purposes it can be helpful to have ‘labels’ to characterise degree of severity relative to<br />
the population. Thus the following cut-off scores have been developed for defining mild/moderate/severe/<br />
extremely severe scores for each <strong>DASS</strong> scale.<br />
Note: the severity labels are used to describe the full range of scores in the population, so ‘mild’ for<br />
example means that the person is above the population mean but probably still way below the typical<br />
severity of someone seeking help (ie it does not mean a mild level of disorder.<br />
The individual <strong>DASS</strong> scores do not define appropriate interventions. They should be used in conjunction<br />
<strong>with</strong> all clinical information available to you in determining appropriate treatment for any individual.<br />
1 Symptoms of psychological arousal<br />
2 The more cognitive, subjective symptoms of anxiety<br />
DEPRESSION<br />
SCORE<br />
<strong>DASS</strong> <strong>21</strong> SCORE<br />
ANXIETY<br />
SCORE<br />
STRESS<br />
SCORE<br />
Depression Anxiety Stress<br />
Normal 0 - 4 0 - 3 0 - 7<br />
Mild 5 - 6 4 - 5 8 - 9<br />
Moderate 7 - 10 6 - 7 10 - 12<br />
Severe 11 - 13 8 - 9 13 - 16<br />
Extremely Severe 14 + 10 + 17 +