checklist of bot flies (insecta: diptera: oestridae) - Zoological Survey ...

CHECKLIST OF BOT FLIES (INSECTA: DIPTERA: OESTRIDAE) FROM INDIA<br />

DHRITI BANERJEE AND KAUSHIK KR. BHATTACHARYA<br />

<strong>Zoological</strong> <strong>Survey</strong> <strong>of</strong> India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700053.<br />

e-mail: dhritibanerjee@gmail.com<br />

Gasterophilus intestinalis (De Geer, 1776)<br />

Botfly larva dorsal view<br />

Anterior end showing<br />

cephalopharyngeal skeleton<br />

Botfly larva ventral view<br />

Posterior end showing caudal<br />

spines<br />

Botfly (Oestrus ovis Linn.1758) larvae collected from the human conjunctiva <strong>of</strong> a patient with ophthalmomyiasis<br />

externa *<br />

*Photograph courtesy: Dr. Pankaj Choudhury, Deptt <strong>of</strong> Opthalmology, S.S Medical College, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh.

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INTRODUCTION<br />

A <strong>bot</strong> fly belongs to the family Oestridae within the superfamily Oestroidea, variously known as<br />

warble <strong>flies</strong>, heel <strong>flies</strong>, and gad<strong>flies</strong>. The <strong>bot</strong> <strong>flies</strong> have received considerable attention ever since<br />

the domestication <strong>of</strong> the ho<strong>of</strong>ed animals. The <strong>flies</strong> are parasitic and are <strong>of</strong> significant medical<br />

and veterinary importance because <strong>of</strong> their mammal-parasitising habit. The larvae grow in the<br />

skin, flesh, nasal, ophthalmic and alimentary tracts <strong>of</strong> cattle, horses, sheep and goat. The<br />

Oestridae accounts for 5% <strong>of</strong> the cases <strong>of</strong> all human myasis. The human <strong>bot</strong>fly, Dermatobia<br />

hominis, is the only species <strong>of</strong> <strong>bot</strong> fly known to use humans routinely as its larval host, while<br />

others may accidentally invade the human hosts living in close approximation to cattle.<br />

There are 130 known species <strong>of</strong> <strong>bot</strong> <strong>flies</strong> under 26 genera worldwide. 13 species (<strong>of</strong> which two<br />

are endemic *) belonging to 10 genera under 3 subfamilies Gasterophilinae, Hypodermatinae<br />

and Oestrinae have been reported from India.<br />

Genus Gasterophilus Leach, 1817<br />

ORDER: DIPTERA<br />

SUBORDER: CYCLORRHAPHA<br />

SUPERFAMILY: OESTROIDEA<br />

FAMILY OESTRIDAE<br />

Subfamily GASTEROPHILINAE<br />

1. Gasterophilus haemorrhoidalis (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

2. Gasterophilus intestinalis (De Geer, 1776)<br />

3. Gasterophilus nasalis (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

4. Gasterophilus pecorum (Fabricius, 1794)<br />

Genus Gyrostigma Brauer, 1884<br />

5. Gyrostigma sumatrensis Brauer, 1887<br />

Genus Cobboldia Brauer, 1887<br />

6. Cobboldia elephantis (Cobbold, 1882)*<br />

Genus Hypoderma Latreille, 1818<br />

7. Hypoderma lineatum (Villers, 1789)<br />

Genus Portschinskia Semenov, 1902<br />

Subfamily HYPODERMATINAE<br />

8. Portschinskia himalayana Grunin, 1962*

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Genus Przhevalskiana Grunin, 1948<br />

9. Przhevalskiana sileneus (Brauer, 1858)<br />

Genus Cephalopina Strand, 1928<br />

10. Cephalopina titillator (Clark, 1816)<br />

Genus Oestromyia Brauer, 1860<br />

11. Oestromyia leporina (Pallas, 1778)<br />

Genus Oestrus Linnaeus, 1758<br />

12. Oestrus ovis (Linnaeus, 1758)<br />

Genus Rhinoestrus Brauer, 1886<br />

13. Rhinoestrus purpureus (Brauer, 1858)<br />

Subfamily OESTRINAE<br />

REFERENCES<br />

Bisby F., Roskov Y., Culham A., Orrell T., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L., Bailley N., Appeltans W.,<br />

Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds. (2012) In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue <strong>of</strong><br />

Life, 2012 Annual Checklist .DVD; Species 2000:Reading,U.K.<br />

Colwell, D.D., Hall, M.J., Scholl, P.J., (Ed). 2006. The Oestrid Flies Biology, Host-Parasite<br />

Relationships Impact and Management. Pg. 1-376, CABI.<br />

Delfinado, M.D. and Hardy, D.E. 1977. Catalogue <strong>of</strong> the Diptera <strong>of</strong> the Oriental Region. The<br />

University Press <strong>of</strong> Hawaii, Honolulu, 3: 698-702.<br />

Evenhuis, N.L., Pape, T., Pont, A.C. and Thompson, F. C. 2008. Biosystematic Database <strong>of</strong> World<br />

Diptera, Version 11,http://www.<strong>diptera</strong>.org/biosys.htm.<br />

Pape, T. 2001. “Phylogeny <strong>of</strong> Oestridae (Insecta: Diptera)”. Systematic Entomology, 26(2):133-<br />

171.<br />

Pape, T. & Thomson, F.C. (eds) 2012. Systema Dipterorum (version 2.0, Jan 2011). In: Species<br />

2000 & ITIS Catalogue <strong>of</strong> Life, 2012 Annual Checklist (Bisby F., Roskov Y., Culham A., Orrell T.,<br />

Nicolson D., Paglinawan L., Bailley N., Appeltans W., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard<br />

D., eds).<br />

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