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<strong>CHIR<strong>ON</strong>OMUS</strong> <strong>NEWSLETTER</strong> <strong>ON</strong> CHIR<strong>ON</strong>OMIDAE <strong>RESEARCH</strong><br />
Co-Editors: Ruth C<strong>ON</strong>TRERAS-LICHTENBERG<br />
Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Burgring 7, A-1014 WIEN, Austria<br />
Peter H. LANGT<strong>ON</strong><br />
5 Kylebeg Avenue, Mountsandel, Coleraine, Co.<br />
Londonderry, Northern Ireland, BT52 1JN - Northern Ireland<br />
Bibliography: Odwin HOFFRICHTER<br />
Institut f. Biologie I, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 1<br />
D-79104 , Germany<br />
Treasurer: Trond ANDERSEN: Museum of Zoology,<br />
University of Bergen, Museplass 3, N-5007 Bergen - Norway<br />
1<br />
ISSN 0172-1941<br />
No. 15 October 2002<br />
C<strong>ON</strong>TENTS<br />
15th International Symposium on Chironomidae – Annoncement .....................................................................1<br />
Professor Ernst Josef Fittkau – 75 yeears............................................................................................................2<br />
The Newsletter Grant ........................................................................................................................................13<br />
Current Research ...............................................................................................................................................14<br />
Theses ...............................................................................................................................................................34<br />
Short – Communications ................................................................................................................................. 34<br />
List of regional representatives 2002................................................................................................................ 37<br />
Current Bibliography ....................................................................................................................................... 40<br />
15 TH INTERNATI<strong>ON</strong>AL SYMPOSIUM <strong>ON</strong> CHIR<strong>ON</strong>OMIDAE 12-14 AUGUST 2003<br />
The 15th International Symposium on<br />
Chironomidae will be held at the University of<br />
Minnesota in Saint Paul, Minnesota on 12-14<br />
August 2003. It will be sponsored by the<br />
Department of Entomology, and Len<br />
Ferrington will serve as the organizer and will<br />
be the contact person for inquiries. His<br />
telephone number is 612-624-3265 and his email<br />
address is ferri016@tc.umn.edu<br />
A web page will soon be available with<br />
detailed instructions for submitting abstracts,<br />
reserving accomodations and to complete and<br />
pay for registration. An announcement of the<br />
web page will be made through the<br />
Chironomidae Web page.<br />
In addition to the scientific schedule, there will<br />
be both pre-meeting and post-meeting tours.<br />
The pre-meeting tour will be held on Monday,<br />
11 August 2003 and will be free for registered<br />
participants (delegates) of the conference.<br />
There will be a small fee for spouses and<br />
others accompanying the conference delegates.<br />
The post-meeting tour will depart from<br />
Minneapolis/Saint Paul in the AM on 15<br />
August 2003, and will consist of travel to the<br />
Itasca Field Lab in central Minnesota, followed<br />
by travel to the Iron Range area of northcentral<br />
Minnesota then along the North Shore<br />
of Lake Superior to the border with Canada,<br />
before returning to Minneapolis/Saint Paul by<br />
late PM on 19 August 2003. There will be a<br />
fee for the post-meeting tour, both for meeting<br />
delegates, spouses and other accompanying<br />
guests.<br />
The Minnesota State Fair will begin on<br />
Thursday, 21 August 2003. The state fair<br />
continues for 10 days and is one of the most<br />
celebrated social activities of summer in<br />
Minneapolis/Saint Paul, with more 2 million<br />
people attending the fair. The state fair is an<br />
activity that should not be missed and we hope<br />
that people attending the International<br />
Conference on Chironomidae will try to<br />
schedule some extra days in the Twin Cities so<br />
that they can attend the fair. For more details<br />
contact Len Ferrington.<br />
In order to participate in all meeting activities<br />
and also attend the state fair it is recommended<br />
that persons arrive by Saturday 9 August 2003<br />
or Sunday 10 August 2003 and stay until at<br />
least 23 August 2003.
PROFESSOR ERNST JOSEF FITTKAU – 75 YEARS,<br />
50 YEARS FOR CHIR<strong>ON</strong>OMID <strong>RESEARCH</strong><br />
By Martin Spies<br />
Munich, Germany (e-mail: spies@zi.biologie.uni-muenchen.de)<br />
Fig. 1. E. J. Fittkau and students (H. W. Riss,<br />
A. Meisl) on a field trip in Bavaria, 1991<br />
This past July, Professor Ernst Josef Fittkau<br />
and his family, friends, colleagues and students<br />
were able to celebrate his 75 th birthday.<br />
Fortunately, Professor Fittkau continues to<br />
enjoy and pursue his interests in his<br />
characteristic energetic manner, therefore this<br />
date does not mark any real cutoff in his<br />
activities. However, this personal anniversary<br />
approximately coincides with another,<br />
professional milestone in Fittkau’s life: the<br />
completion of 50 years of work involving the<br />
Chironomidae. Therefore, let us pay tribute<br />
here on these occasions by remembering how<br />
much Professor Fittkau has given to our group<br />
and field of study, and how many of the tools<br />
and services we can take advantage of today<br />
we really owe to Fittkau and his collaborators.<br />
To begin with, just look at the newsletter you<br />
are reading. In its recent form,<br />
<strong>CHIR<strong>ON</strong>OMUS</strong> was revived by Ulrike Nolte<br />
and associates, and it is the current editors who<br />
deserve our thanks for continuing to produce<br />
this useful forum for communications.<br />
However, the newsletter was originally created<br />
by Fittkau and Friedrich Reiss in 1967, and<br />
Fittkau worked as its co-editor through the end<br />
of 1984 when <strong>CHIR<strong>ON</strong>OMUS</strong> went into<br />
dormancy after 25 issues and a total of over<br />
200 pages (see Nos 25 and 67a in the list of<br />
Fittkau’s publications at the end of this article).<br />
Even before editing the first newsletter, Fittkau<br />
was one of the initiators of another way to<br />
exchange information, that chironomid<br />
workers from all around the world have<br />
enjoyed ever since as a major attraction and<br />
institution in our community: in the fall of<br />
1963 Fittkau sent out the invitations for the<br />
first International Symposium on<br />
Chironomidae, which then took place at Plön<br />
in July of 1964. By now we are looking<br />
forward to the fifteenth such meeting, to be<br />
hosted by Len Ferrington and colleagues at the<br />
University of Minnesota in the summer of<br />
2003.<br />
Knowing Professor Fittkau today, one can<br />
assume that meeting others and bridging<br />
distances between people or territories have<br />
always been enjoyable and rewarding to him in<br />
themselves, not just necessary means to a<br />
professional end. Nevertheless, it is fair to<br />
assume that this inclination was reinforced by<br />
positive experience made in his younger years.<br />
As a beginning student of biology, he was able<br />
to take part in the creation of the<br />
Limnologische Fluss-Station Freudenthal – a<br />
precursor of the current Max-Planck-Institute<br />
at Schlitz – which could only be achieved<br />
through the collective effort of its founders<br />
overcoming the most adverse post-war<br />
circumstances.<br />
The ‘down’ side of joining this group for<br />
Fittkau – lucky for us – was that he was<br />
directed away from the molluscs he had<br />
wanted to study, and instead had to work<br />
himself into the Chironomidae. (However,<br />
Fittkau never has been ‘converted’ completely,<br />
as can be seen from his wonderful collection of<br />
shells, and from the occasional papers on<br />
molluscs recurring here and there among his<br />
many publications.) The fauna of the Fulda<br />
river, which the Freudenthal group was mainly<br />
2
Fig. 2. A. Thienemann and E. J. Fittkau at the<br />
Max-Planck-Institute in Plön, 1952<br />
studying, was targeted as the topic of Fittkau’s<br />
doctoral dissertation, and the great August<br />
Thienemann agreed to act as his senior advisor.<br />
In 1954, Fittkau became Thienemann’s<br />
assistant at Plön (Fig. 2).<br />
Working on the Fulda river material, Fittkau<br />
soon realized that for many taxa the scientific<br />
names could not be easily determined, and thus<br />
meaningful interpretations of the fauna for<br />
ecology, biogeography or other applications<br />
were also impossible. The main reasons for<br />
this were the largely confused, unrevised state<br />
of chironomid nomenclature, which at that<br />
time was almost exclusively based on often<br />
insufficient descriptions of adult specimens,<br />
and the numerous apparent ‘incongruences’<br />
between the alternative systematic<br />
arrangements derived from imaginal or<br />
immature stage characters, respectively. On the<br />
other hand, in the combined and more detailed<br />
study of direct associations of adult and<br />
juvenile specimens obtained from his Fulda<br />
rearings Fittkau saw the chance to overcome<br />
these difficulties and raise the recognition and<br />
use of the Chironomidae in limnology to levels<br />
in accordance with the group’s distribution and<br />
importance in aquatic ecosystems (see<br />
FITTKAU 1961, publication No. 14).<br />
Consequently, Fittkau shifted the focus of his<br />
work to taxonomy and systematics, and even<br />
changed the topic of his dissertation. The<br />
resulting revision of the Tanypodinae<br />
(FITTKAU 1959, 1962; Nos 11, 15) was an<br />
instant classic in the field, and will remain one<br />
of the definitive, basic texts on this third<br />
largest of chironomid subfamilies.<br />
This move of Fittkau’s from limnology into<br />
taxonomy and systematics followed the<br />
realization that “if one wants to practice<br />
ecology successfully, the mastery of<br />
systematics remains prerequisite” (FITTKAU<br />
1961, No. 14). Incidentally, the history of our<br />
field is full of colleagues arriving at<br />
chironomid studies on such a more or less<br />
voluntary detour from their original paths, and<br />
not all of these managed to find the way back<br />
out to their intended goals.<br />
In Fittkau’s case, one influential example of a<br />
researcher developing taxonomic knowledge<br />
for similar reasons was Lars Brundin, with<br />
whom Fittkau was able to study the adults of<br />
Chironomidae in 1956 and 1958. And like<br />
Brundin, Fittkau acquired very special<br />
taxonomic expertise, but has always remained<br />
much more than a specialist. To see the best of<br />
different worlds he has managed to keep<br />
travelling, both physically and in an abstract<br />
sense – back and forth between the avid<br />
collector’s natural fields of dreams and the<br />
scientist’s optimally equipped laboratory and<br />
library, as well as between the lowland jungles<br />
of alpha taxonomy and higher elevation sites<br />
and towers allowing more general overviews in<br />
ecology, biogeography, or natural history. As<br />
recurrent a theme as these travels are<br />
throughout Fittkau’s biography, they may be<br />
seen as expressing a strong streak of<br />
adventurous curiosity and love for nature in his<br />
character. Vice versa, these balanced cycles in<br />
Fittkau’s activities have certainly kept<br />
reinvigorating the convincing enthusiasm for<br />
his interests and encouraging tolerance for<br />
those of others he has always impressed with<br />
in personal meetings, his presentations and<br />
publications.<br />
As mentioned above, most of Fittkau’s<br />
motivation for taking up taxonomy came from<br />
the unsatisfactory state of chironomid<br />
systematics at the time (but, unfortunately, we<br />
can still not claim to have overcome these<br />
problems completely). Hence: “Everyone who<br />
is working with Chironomidae knows that our<br />
knowledge of this dipteran family, especially<br />
its systematization, has hardly reached the<br />
level that in most other insect orders had been<br />
surpassed already about 100 years ago. The<br />
described species are in part so poorly worked<br />
up that, for example, it is impossible with the<br />
existing literature to identify the chironomids<br />
of Europe; from other world regions they are<br />
mostly known only fragmentarily. Opposite<br />
our incomplete knowledge of the taxonomy<br />
stands the great importance which the<br />
chironomids are increasingly achieving in<br />
various research disciplines ...” (FITTKAU &<br />
REISS 1967; publication No. 25a). And: “The<br />
time seemed to have come, therefore, to bring<br />
together in collaboration the forces of all those<br />
working on chironomids, in order to help each<br />
other, exchange experience, literature and<br />
3
material, and thus succeed in overcoming the<br />
difficulties at hand.” (FITTKAU 1966b; No. 22).<br />
Thus, in addition to the international meetings<br />
and newsletter, Fittkau became one of the<br />
driving forces behind several more significant<br />
achievements resulting from such collective<br />
effort by chironomid workers. In 1976 he coauthored<br />
the first comprehensive bibliography<br />
of the Chironomidae (publication No. 62), and<br />
he was actively involved from the time the idea<br />
was first conceived in the production of what<br />
must be THE most widely used work on<br />
Chironomidae worldwide: the three books with<br />
keys and diagnoses for Holarctic genera edited<br />
by Torgny Wiederholm (see list Nos 83, 99,<br />
115).<br />
Moreover, Fittkau has worked extensively to<br />
provide chironomid researchers and those in<br />
related disciplines with new, more and better<br />
opportunities to publish their work. For this<br />
purpose he founded the scientific journals<br />
Amazoniana (in 1968) and Spixiana (1977),<br />
and served as the editor or co-editor of several<br />
others (e.g. Studies on the Neotropical Fauna,<br />
Aquatic Insects), as well as of numerous<br />
books, proceedings, journal supplements, etc.<br />
For one example of the effects of these<br />
activities, see all the papers on Chironomidae<br />
published in Spixiana (available on Luc Int<br />
Panis’ and Ian Walker’s Chironomid Home<br />
Page:<br />
http://www.ouc.bc.ca/eesc/iwalker/intpanis/<br />
under “Looking for references?”).<br />
Another influential instrument guided by<br />
Fittkau to promote the work of chironomid<br />
researchers has been the ‘chironomid center’<br />
first developed in Plön, then moved to Munich<br />
when Fittkau became the director of the<br />
Zoologische Staatssammlung (ZSM) in 1976.<br />
Very few other collections can match the<br />
volume and concentration of literature and<br />
reference specimens, equipment and knowhow<br />
gathered by Fittkau and F. Reiss. Of special<br />
merit in this respect is the conservation and<br />
introduction into taxonomic practice of the<br />
specimens, data files and correspondence from<br />
the Thienemann collection. Fittkau was among<br />
the first to realize the enormous importance of<br />
these materials, and he took part in the tedious<br />
but eventually successful process to have its<br />
value acknowledged and its use enabled by the<br />
International Commission on Zoological<br />
Nomenclature (ICZN) (see HIRVENOJA &<br />
FITTKAU 1971, list No. 41; ICZN 1980; SPIES<br />
2001).<br />
Numerous colleagues around the world have<br />
directly benefited from the chironomid center<br />
over the years, either on visits – for a number<br />
of which Fittkau secured funding, e.g. from the<br />
Max-Planck Society, the German academic<br />
exchange service DAAD or the Humboldt<br />
Foundation – or by receiving material and<br />
information through loans and correspondence.<br />
After Professor Fittkau’s retirement and Reiss’<br />
much too early death, the dipterists now<br />
working at ZSM have been trying their best to<br />
continue these services.<br />
Professor Fittkau’s work as an academic<br />
teacher has also served to greatly expand the<br />
knowledge and awareness of chironomids,<br />
other aquatic insects and the environments they<br />
live in. He has given much of his time and<br />
opened the resources of the chironomid center<br />
and ZSM to around 100 students preparing<br />
doctoral dissertations, diploma and other theses<br />
under his guidance. A list of those projects<br />
completed or started by 1992 can be found on<br />
pp. 14-18 of Anonymous (1992).<br />
Parallel to his furthering of chironomid<br />
research by attracting and training many new<br />
workers, Fittkau has also significantly widened<br />
its geographic horizon. Always ready to travel<br />
to exotic places, and never returning without<br />
interesting specimens, he has been supplying<br />
us with a wealth of material that will for a long<br />
time remain very hard to work up completely.<br />
These collections, along with Fittkau‘s<br />
achievements in general, have prompted many<br />
authors of scientific descriptions to name new<br />
Fig. 3. E. J. Fittkau in Amazônia, ca. 1960<br />
genera and species after him – over two dozen<br />
alone in several families of the Diptera, but<br />
also members of several other orders of aquatic<br />
insects, some Acari and a marine snail. Among<br />
Neotropical Chironomidae, “fittkaui” in<br />
4
different generic combinations is the single<br />
most frequently occurring species epithet.<br />
Although he has collected on every continent<br />
except Antarctica, the one region that stands<br />
above all others with respect to Fittkau’s<br />
attention is the Neotropics, especially the<br />
Amazon and adjacent areas. When Fittkau first<br />
came to South America in 1960 (see Fig. 3) –<br />
on leave from Plön to lead the limnology<br />
department of the Instituto Nacional de<br />
Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) in Manaus –<br />
very little was known about chironomids from<br />
that region.<br />
Although several dozen species had been<br />
named in the preceding 150 years, most of<br />
them could not be recognised because their<br />
descriptions were insufficient and their type<br />
specimens lost or useless. From the tropical<br />
Amazon only a handful of species were<br />
known, and this lack of a taxonomic<br />
foundation was particularly dearly felt in light<br />
of the enormous importance and diversity of<br />
these ecosystems. To remedy this situation,<br />
Fittkau spent the following years (1960-1963,<br />
and 1965) to collect a tremendous amount of<br />
material and environmental field data.<br />
Integrating this extensive first-hand experience<br />
with that of others and a wide-ranging<br />
scientific background, he then developed a<br />
comprehensive understanding of the fauna,<br />
functioning, and natural history of these<br />
ecosystems. Based on these insights Fittkau<br />
has tried for the last several decades to alert the<br />
world – from laypeople through science and<br />
academia to politics and international<br />
organisations – to the special beauties, global<br />
value and need for conservation of the Amazon<br />
and tropical ecosystems in general. Inspite of<br />
everything he has been doing for chironomid<br />
research, it is fair to say that he has made those<br />
efforts his most important activity, and the<br />
proportion this topic has assumed in his<br />
publications attests to that (see, e.g., Nos 77,<br />
89, 92, 110, 124, 143).<br />
Fittkau’s work on Neotropical Chironomidae<br />
in particular reflects all of the means<br />
highlighted in the preceding paragraphs, with<br />
which he has enhanced research and<br />
knowledge on these organisms and their roles<br />
in nature. True to his principle of<br />
collaboration, he sought from the beginning to<br />
find, win over or train fellow workers,<br />
especially from South America, and has<br />
generously aided and supported everybody<br />
willing to share in the necessary tasks. For<br />
example, early on he joined forces with<br />
Sebastião José de Oliveira, the first Brazilian<br />
researcher to study chironomids independently,<br />
and the two friends are still enjoying this most<br />
long-standing of partnerships (Fig. 4).<br />
Fig. 4. S. J. de Oliveira and E. J. Fittkau at the<br />
International Symposium in Rio de Janeiro,<br />
2000<br />
As the result of this collective effort coinitiated<br />
and promoted by Fittkau, our<br />
knowledge of the Neotropical chironomid<br />
fauna has greatly increased e.g., the number of<br />
described species is now close to 800 (author’s<br />
unpublished data) – and continues to grow<br />
faster at this time than in any comparable<br />
world region, in large part due to the<br />
contributions from a very active and hopefully<br />
still growing contingent of workers in South<br />
America itself. The entire history and<br />
development of research on Neotropical<br />
Chironomidae have been lucidly recounted<br />
recently by Fittkau himself (2001c, No.157;<br />
see also No. 160).<br />
Looking in detail at Fittkau’s publications<br />
specifically on chironomid topics, we again<br />
find numerous most significant contributions<br />
to the field. These works range from diagnostic<br />
descriptions of single taxa through revisions on<br />
various classification levels (e.g. Nos 15, 36,<br />
40, 47, 140) to phylogenetic and comparative<br />
examinations of morphological features (e.g.<br />
Nos 13, 18, 39), and to faunistic and<br />
zoogeographical overviews (e.g. Nos 23+65,<br />
69, 70, 102).<br />
On the desciptive level, Fittkau is the<br />
taxonomic author or coauthor of 3 tribes,<br />
almost 30 genera, and nearly 100 species –<br />
mostly in the Tanypodinae, but also in several<br />
other subfamilies. Many of his new taxa have<br />
widened our view of just how diverse and<br />
exotic chironomid morphology and biology<br />
can be (e.g. Nos 7, 16, 27, 54). From his<br />
earliest works to this day, Fittkau’s<br />
descriptions always impress by his eye for<br />
5
discovering previously unobserved<br />
morphological details, and by his ability to<br />
discern those of diagnostic, classificatory or<br />
phylogenetic significance. These capacities<br />
may well be related to those of the born and<br />
trained field biologist who manages to spot and<br />
catch the objects most important to his hunt<br />
amid a jungle of distractions. And the same<br />
talent and appreciation for details also<br />
expresses itself in Fittkau’s drawings of always<br />
excellent scientific and artistic quality, whose<br />
combination of informative clarity and<br />
pleasing aesthetics many of us can never<br />
dream of matching.<br />
But as much as this attention to detail in<br />
observation and presentation is productive and<br />
rewarding on its own scale, its main<br />
justification to Fittkau again is that it serves the<br />
higher purpose of making it easier for others to<br />
follow his scientific argument. In a paper on<br />
the delimitation of chironomid genera he<br />
wrote: “The most noble task for the systematist<br />
must be to establish order. The smaller and<br />
more cleanly the individual pieces of a mosaic<br />
are set, the clearer it becomes. Genera are<br />
phylogenetic or monophyletic units. They can<br />
contain information not only for the<br />
taxonomist, but likewise for those applying<br />
them in practice.” (FITTKAU 1968a, No. 26).<br />
Thus, a method is of little value until it<br />
produces results that are shared with and can<br />
be reproduced, understood and used by others.<br />
And on the next level, specialist sciences like<br />
taxonomy should strive to render and keep<br />
their data and systems accessible and useful to<br />
progress in more interpretive and applied<br />
fields.<br />
As Fittkau has acknowledged (2001b, No.<br />
156a) this basic guideline for his systematic<br />
work goes back to the early 19 th century<br />
founders of dipterology, C. R. W. Wiedemann<br />
and J. W. Meigen. “I have ... tried to convey<br />
this demand ... to colleagues and students for<br />
their emulation” (FITTKAU, op. cit.): to<br />
develop an “arrangement of genera and species<br />
according to such characteristics as can be<br />
found more or less easily by other researchers”<br />
(WIEDEMANN & MEIGEN 1818, quoted in<br />
FITTKAU, op. cit.).<br />
It was thus only fitting that in 2001 the<br />
German Society for General and Applied<br />
Entomology honored Professor Fittkau’s<br />
“outstanding accomplishments in taxonomic<br />
and ecological work on the Chironomidae ...<br />
and his untiring research effort for the Amazon<br />
region” by presenting him with the Society’s<br />
Meigen Medal (see GERSTMEIER 2001).<br />
In his “Memoirs and diary sheets of a<br />
biologist”, Thienemann (1959: 403) wrote<br />
about Fittkau: “I do hope that he will go on to<br />
continue my chironomid studies.” There<br />
cannot be the least bit of doubt that Professor<br />
Ernst Josef Fittkau has more than fulfilled<br />
Thienemann’s wish. True to the legacy of his<br />
teacher and predecessor, he has greatly<br />
increased not just our factual knowledge of the<br />
Chironomidae, but also their appreciation and<br />
application in research at large, the geographic<br />
areas in which they are being studied, and the<br />
numbers of people to whom they are important<br />
and fascinating. Moreover, he has been doing<br />
his very best to promote all this in the spirit of<br />
cooperation and friendship.<br />
Today we can enjoy reaping the benefits from<br />
this collaborative environment Fittkau and his<br />
contemporaries have sown the seeds for. But<br />
let us not take this for granted, as it is not a<br />
simple given in all comparable groups of<br />
scientists or people, and – like the natural<br />
environment we depend on – it is not<br />
guaranteed to persist around us without our<br />
continued contributions. It is up to us to ensure<br />
that this tradition will be carried on.<br />
Acknowledgements<br />
The author is deepy grateful to Professor<br />
Fittkau for all support, advice and information<br />
given. Drs Roland Gerstmeier and Marion<br />
Kotrba are thanked for kindly sharing files<br />
used for some of the figures.<br />
References<br />
AN<strong>ON</strong>YMOUS 1992. Prof. Dr. Ernst Josef Fittkau –<br />
sein Leben und Werk. Pp. 7-23 in: Chronik der<br />
Zoologischen Staatssammlung München.<br />
Festschrift zur Verabschiedung des Direktors der<br />
Zoologischen Staatssammlung München Prof.<br />
Dr. Ernst Josef Fittkau 1976-1992. – Spixiana,<br />
Suppl. 17.<br />
GERSTMEIER, R. 2001. Laudatio für Herrn Prof. Dr.<br />
Ernst Josef Fittkau anlässlich der Verleihung der<br />
Meigen-Medaille der Deutschen Gesellschaft für<br />
allgemeine und angewandte Entomologie am 28.<br />
März 2001 in Düsseldorf. – Mitt. Dt. Ges. Allg.<br />
Angew. Ent. 13: 15-19.<br />
INTERNATI<strong>ON</strong>AL COMMISSI<strong>ON</strong> <strong>ON</strong> ZOOLOGICAL<br />
NOMENCLATURE 1980. Opinion 1147. Status, for<br />
the purposes of type fixations, of the remains of<br />
chironomid larvae (Insecta, Diptera) provided by<br />
Thienemann to Kieffer for the description of new<br />
species based on the adults reared from those<br />
larvae. – Bull. Zool. Nomencl. 37: 11-26.<br />
SPIES, M. 2001. When is a nomen really dubium?<br />
Toward real stability in chironomid taxonomy<br />
through better symbiosis with the classic<br />
collections. – Chironomus 14: 7-10.<br />
6
THIENEMANN, A. 1959. Erinnerungen und Tagebuchblätter eines Biologen. Ein Leben im<br />
Dienste der Limnologie. – Stuttgart, Schweizerbart,<br />
499 pp.<br />
LIST OF PUBLICATI<strong>ON</strong>S BY E. J. FITTKAU<br />
WIEDEMANN, C. R. W. & MEIGEN, J. W. 1818.<br />
Einleitung. Pp. xiii-xxviii in: MEIGEN, J. W.:<br />
Systematische Beschreibung der europäischen<br />
zweiflügeligen Insekten. Erster Theil. – Aachen,<br />
Forstmann, xxxvi+325 pp., 11 pl.<br />
Titles are presented as numbered by Professor Fittkau himself, except for a few additions which are<br />
recognizable from lower-case letters after the number, e.g. “95a)”.<br />
1) FITTKAU, E. J. 1949. Mitteilungen über die in der<br />
Fulda und ihren Zuflüssen aufgefundenen<br />
Weichtiere. – Ber. limnol. Flußstn. Freudenthal<br />
1: 17-19.<br />
2) FITTKAU, E. J. 1953. Odonaten aus der Fulda. –<br />
Ber. limnol. Flußstn. Freudenthal 5: 29-36.<br />
3) FITTKAU, E. J. 1954a. Chironomidenstudien I.<br />
Pseudodiamesa belingi n.sp. Beitr. Ent. 4: 84-98.<br />
4) FITTKAU, E. J. 1954b. Die Gattung Neozavrelia<br />
Goetghebuer (Dipt. Chironomidae).<br />
Chironomidenstudien II. – Dt. ent. Z. - 1: 161-<br />
179.<br />
5) FITTKAU, E. J. 1954c. Trichocladius nivalis<br />
Goetgh. Chironomidenstudien III. – Ber. limnol.<br />
Flußstn. Freudenthal 6: 17-27.<br />
6) FITTKAU, E. J. 1955a. Limnologische<br />
Untersuchungen in der Sahara. – Mitt. Max-<br />
Planck-Ges. 1955: 269-273.<br />
7) FITTKAU, E. J. 1955b. Buchonomyia thienemanni<br />
n.gen. n.sp. Chironomidenstudien IV (Diptera:<br />
Chironomidae). – Beitr. Ent. 5: 403-414.<br />
8) FITTKAU, E. J. 1956a. Heterotanytarsus brundini<br />
n. spec. Chironomidenstudien V. – Ber. limnol.<br />
Flußstn. Freudenthal 7: 9-18.<br />
9) FITTKAU, E. J. 1956b. Ein neuartiger<br />
Wasserschöpfer. – Z. Fischerei 5: 525-529.<br />
10) FITTKAU, E. J. 1957. Thienemannimyia und<br />
Conchapelopia, zwei neue Gattungen innerhalb<br />
der Ablabesmyia-costalis-Gruppe (Diptera,<br />
Chironomidae). (Chironomidenstudien VII). –<br />
Arch. Hydrobiol. 53: 313-322.<br />
11) FITTKAU, E. J. 1959. Die Tanypodinae<br />
(Chironomidae, Dipt.) unter besonderer<br />
Berücksichtigung der Tribus Anatopyniini,<br />
Macropelopiini und Micropelopiini. – Unpubl.<br />
doct. diss. Univ. Kiel, 691 pp., 73 pl.<br />
12) FITTKAU, E. J. 1960a. Rheotanytarsus<br />
nigricauda n. sp.. Chironomidenstudien VI. –<br />
Abh. naturw. Ver. Bremen 35: 397-407.<br />
13) FITTKAU, E. J. 1960b. Über phylogenetische<br />
Entwicklungsreihen bei Chironomiden im<br />
Metamorphose- und Imaginalstadium.<br />
(Chironomidenstudien VIII). – Zool. Anz. 164:<br />
401-410.<br />
14) FITTKAU, E. J. 1961. Zur gegenwärtigen<br />
Situation der Chironomidenkunde. – Verh. int.<br />
Ver. Limnol. 14: 958-961.<br />
15) FITTKAU, E. J. 1962. Die Tanypodinae (Diptera:<br />
Chironomidae). (Die Tribus Anatopyniini,<br />
Macropelopiini und Pentaneurini). – Abh.<br />
Larvalsyst. Ins. 6: 1-453.<br />
16) FITTKAU, E. J. 1963. Manoa, eine neue Gattung<br />
der Chironomidae (Diptera) aus<br />
Zentralamazonien. Chironomidenstudien IX. –<br />
Arch. Hydrobiol. 59: 373-390.<br />
17) FITTKAU, E. J. 1964. Remarks on limnology of<br />
central-Amazon rain forest streams. – Verh. int.<br />
Ver. Limnol. 15: 1092-1096.<br />
18) FITTKAU, E. J. 1965a. Veränderungen des<br />
Flügelgeäders bei Tanypodinen (Diptera<br />
Chironomidae) im Verlauf der Evolution. –<br />
Proc. Int. Congr. Ent. 12: 70-71.<br />
19) FITTKAU, E. J. 1965b. Revision der von E.<br />
Goeldi aus dem Amazonasgebiet beschriebenen<br />
Chironomiden (Diptera). Chironomidenstudien<br />
X. – Beitr. neotrop. Fauna 4: 209-226.<br />
20) FITTKAU, E. J. 1966a. Chironomus, nicht<br />
Tendipes. Bemerkung zu einem Beschluß der<br />
I.C.Z.N., der Internationalen Zoologischen<br />
Nomenklaturkommission. – Arch. Hydrobiol. 62:<br />
269-271.<br />
21) SIM<strong>ON</strong>, G., HERBST, H. V. & FITTKAU, E. J.<br />
(eds) 1966. Verhandlungen des I. Internationalen<br />
Symposiums über Chironomiden. – Gew.<br />
Abwässer 41/42: 1-195.<br />
22) FITTKAU, E. J. 1966b. I. Internationales<br />
Symposium über Chironomiden, 150 Jahre<br />
Chironomidenforschung, Rückblick und<br />
Vorschau. – Gew. Abwässer 41/42: 7-20.<br />
23) FITTKAU, E. J., SCHLEE, D. & REISS, F. 1967.<br />
Chironomidae. Pp. 345-369 in ILLIES, J. (ed.):<br />
Limnofauna Europaea. Stuttgart, G. Fischer.<br />
24) FITTKAU, E. J. 1967. On the ecology of<br />
Amazonian rain-forest streams. – Atas Simpós.<br />
Biota Amazôn. 3 (Limnologia): 97-108.<br />
25) FITTKAU, E. J. & REISS, F. (eds) 1967-1976.<br />
Chironomus. Mitteilungen aus der<br />
Chironomidenkunde 1: (1-19): 158 pp.<br />
7
25a) FITTKAU, E. J. & REISS, F. 1967. Zum Anfang.<br />
– Chironomus 1: (1): 1-2.<br />
26) FITTKAU, E. J. 1968a. Die Abgrenzung der<br />
Gattung bei Chironomiden. – Ann. zool. fenn. 5:<br />
33-36.<br />
27) FITTKAU, E. J. 1968b. Siolimyia amazonica n.<br />
gen. n. spec., eine flugfähige Chironomide<br />
(Diptera) mit einem Hypopygium inversum. –<br />
Amazoniana 1: 259-265.<br />
28) FITTKAU, E. J. 1968c. Eine neue Tanypodinae-<br />
Gattung, Djalmabatista (Chironomidae, Dipt.),<br />
aus dem brasilianischen Amazonasgebiet. –<br />
Amazoniana 1: 327-349.<br />
29) FITTKAU, E. J. 1968d. Chironomus strenzkei n.<br />
sp. (Chironomidae, Dipt.), ein neues<br />
Laboratoriumstier. – Z. Morph. Tiere 63: 239-<br />
250.<br />
30) FITTKAU, E. J. 1968e. III. Internationales<br />
Symposium über Chironomiden im Rahmen des<br />
XII. Internationalen Kongresses für Entomologie<br />
in Moskau vom 2.-9.VIII.1968. – Chironomus 1:<br />
(5-6): 41-43.<br />
31) FITTKAU, E. J., ILLIES, J., KLINGE, H.,<br />
SCHWABE, G. H. & SIOLI, H. (eds) 1968.<br />
Biogeography and ecology in South America,<br />
Vol. I. – Monogr. Biol. 18. The Hague, Dr. W.<br />
Junk.<br />
32) FITTKAU, E. J., ILLIES, J., KLINGE, H.,<br />
SCHWABE, G. H. & SIOLI, H. (eds) 1969.<br />
Biogeography and ecology in South America,<br />
Vol. II. – Monogr. Biol. 19. The Hague, Dr. W.<br />
Junk.<br />
33) FITTKAU, E. J. 1969. The fauna of South<br />
America. Pp. 624-658 in: FITTKAU, E. J., ILLIES,<br />
J., KLINGE, H., SCHWABE, G. H. & SIOLI, H.<br />
(eds): Biogeography and ecology in South<br />
America, Vol. II. – Monogr. Biol. 19.<br />
34) FITTKAU, E. J. 1970a. Limnological conditions<br />
in the headwater region of the Xingu river,<br />
Brazil. – Trop. Ecol. 11: 20-25.<br />
35) FITTKAU, E. J. 1970b. Role of the caimans in<br />
the nutrient regime of mouthlakes of Amazon<br />
affluents (an hypothesis). – Biotropica 2: 138-<br />
142.<br />
36) FITTKAU, E. J. & LEHMANN, J. 1970. Revision<br />
der Gattung Microricotopus Thien. u. Harn.<br />
(Dipt., Chironomidae). – Int. Revue ges.<br />
Hydrobiol. 55: 391-402.<br />
37) FITTKAU, E. J. 1971a. Distribution and ecology<br />
of Amazonian chironomids (Diptera). – Can.<br />
Ent. 103: 407-413.<br />
38) FITTKAU, E. J. 1971b. Ökologische Gliederung<br />
des Amazonasgebietes auf geochemischer<br />
Grundlage. – Münster. Forsch. Geol. Paläont.<br />
20/21: 35-50.<br />
39) FITTKAU, E. J. 1971c. Der<br />
Torsionsmechanismus beim Chironomiden-<br />
Hypopygium. – Limnologica 8: 27-34.<br />
40) REISS, F. & FITTKAU, E. J. 1971. Taxonomie<br />
und Ökologie europäisch verbreiteter<br />
Tanytarsus-Arten (Chironomidae, Diptera). –<br />
Arch. Hydrobiol. Suppl. 40: 75-200.<br />
41) HIRVENOJA, M. & FITTKAU, E. J. 1971. Request<br />
for ruling on the status of pupal and larval skins<br />
or pupae and larvae in the Thienemann<br />
collection, associated with adults which have<br />
been described and named by Kieffer (Insecta,<br />
Diptera, Chironomidae), Z.N.(S.) 1968. – Bull.<br />
Zool. Nomencl. 28: 171-172.<br />
42) FITTKAU, E. J. 1971d. Esboço de uma divisão<br />
ecologica da região Amazônica. Pp. 365-372 in:<br />
IDROBO, I. M. (ed.): II. Symposio y foro de<br />
biologia tropical Amazonica. Bogotá, Asoc.<br />
Biologia Tropical, Edit. Pax.<br />
43) SIOLI, H., FITTKAU, E. J., IRI<strong>ON</strong>, G., JUNK, W.,<br />
KLINGE, H., RAI, H. & REISS, F. 1972. Max-<br />
Planck-Institut für Limnologie, Abt.<br />
Tropenökologie. Pp. 62-98 in: Schrift des Max-<br />
Planck-Instituts für Limnologie anläßlich des<br />
Besuchs des Symposiums Semisaeculare der<br />
Societas Internationalis Limnologiae in Plön am<br />
4.10.1972. Plön.<br />
44) FITTKAU, E. J. 1972. Der Torsionsmechanismus<br />
beim Chironomiden-Hypopygium.<br />
(Zusammenfassung) – Proc. 13th Int. Congr.<br />
Ent. Moscow 1968 3: 456.<br />
45) PLAGENS, U., FITTKAU, E. J., J<strong>ON</strong>ASS<strong>ON</strong>, P. M.<br />
& BRAUNITZER, G. 1972. Vergleichende<br />
Untersuchungen der Hämoglobine verschiedener<br />
Chironomiden. – Abhd. Dt. Akad. Wiss. Berlin<br />
1972: 183-190.<br />
46) KLINGE, H. & FITTKAU, E. J. 1972.<br />
Filterfunktionen im Ökosystem des<br />
zentralamazonischen Regenwaldes. – Mitt. Dt.<br />
Bodenkundl. Ges. 16: 130-135.<br />
47) FITTKAU, E. J. & REISS, F. 1973. Amazonische<br />
Tanytarsini (Chironomidae, Diptera) I. Die<br />
riopreto-Gruppe der Gattung Tanytarsus. – Stud.<br />
neotrop. Fauna 8: 1-16.<br />
48) FITTKAU, E. J. 1973a. Crocodiles and the<br />
nutrient metabolism of Amazonian waters. –<br />
Amazoniana 4: 103-133.<br />
49) FITTKAU, E. J. 1973b. Urwälder der Tropen. Pp.<br />
279-304 in: ILLIES, J. & KLAUSEWITZ, W. (eds):<br />
Grzimeks Tierleben, Ergänzungsband, Unsere<br />
Umwelt als Lebensraum – Die Umwelt der Tiere.<br />
München, Kindler.<br />
50) FITTKAU, E. J. 1973c. Friedrich Lenz<br />
14.9.1889-7.9.1972. – Christiana Albertina.<br />
Kieler Univ.-Z. 15: 91-92.<br />
50a) FITTKAU, E. J. 1973d. Professor Friedrich<br />
Lenz 14.9.1889-7.9.1972. – Chironomus 1:<br />
(12/13): 94-99.<br />
51) FITTKAU, E. J. & KLINGE, H. 1973. On biomass<br />
and trophic structure of the central Amazonian<br />
rain forest ecosystem. – Biotropica 5: 2-14.<br />
8
52) FITTKAU, E. J. 1973e. Artenmannigfaltigkeit<br />
amazonischer Lebensräume aus ökologischer<br />
Sicht. – Amazoniana 4: 321-340.<br />
53) FITTKAU, E. J. 1974a. Zur ökologischen<br />
Gliederung Amazoniens I. Die erdgeschichtliche<br />
Entwicklung Amazoniens. – Amazoniana 5: 77-<br />
134.<br />
54) FITTKAU, E. J. 1974b. Ichthyocladius n.gen.,<br />
eine neotropische Gattung der Orthocladiinae<br />
(Chironomidae, Diptera), deren Larven epizoisch<br />
auf Welsen (Astroblepidae und Loricariidae)<br />
leben. – Ent. Tidskr. 95, Suppl.: 91-106.<br />
55) FITTKAU, E. J. 1974c. La fauna de Sudamerica.<br />
– Public. Espec. Soc. Biol. Concepción, Chile:<br />
31 pp.<br />
56) KLINGE, H., RODRIGUES, W. A., BRÜNIG, E. &<br />
FITTKAU, E. J. 1975. Biomass and structure in a<br />
central Amazonian rain forest. Pp. 115-122 in:<br />
Golley, F. B. & Medina, E. (eds): Tropical<br />
ecological systems. Trends in terrestrial and<br />
aquatic research. New York etc., Springer.<br />
57) FITTKAU, E. J., IRMLER, U., JUNK, W., REISS, F.<br />
& SCHMIDT, G. W. 1975. Productivity, biomass<br />
and population dynamics in Amazonian water<br />
bodies. Pp. 289-311 in: Golley, F. B. & Medina,<br />
E. (eds): Tropical ecological systems. Trends in<br />
terrestrial and aquatic research. New York etc.,<br />
Springer.<br />
58) FITTKAU, E. J., JUNK, W., KLINGE, H. & SIOLI,<br />
H. 1975. Substrate and vegetation in the Amazon<br />
region. Pp. 73-90 in: Tuxen, R. (ed.): Vegetation<br />
und Substrat. – Ber. Int. Symp. Int. Ver.<br />
Vegetationsk.<br />
59) FITTKAU, E. J. & REISS, F. 1976. Die<br />
Chironomidentypen und ihr Erhaltungszustand<br />
in der Sammlung des Muséum National<br />
d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. – Chironomus 1:<br />
(17/18): 146-150.<br />
60) FITTKAU, E. J. 1976a. Kinal und Kinon,<br />
Lebensraum und Lebensgemeinschaft der<br />
Oberflächendrift am Beispiel amazonischer<br />
Fließgewässer. – Biogeographica 7: 101-113.<br />
61) FITTKAU, E. J. 1976b. An ecological<br />
perspective of species diversity in an Amazonian<br />
context. – Animal Res. Develop. 3: 64-85.<br />
62) FITTKAU, E. J., REISS, F. & HOFFRICHTER, O.<br />
1977. A bibliography of the Chironomidae<br />
(Diptera, Chironomidae). – Gunneria<br />
(Trondheim) 26: 1-177.<br />
63) FITTKAU, E. J. 1977a. Zur Geschichte der<br />
Zoologischen Staatssammlung. – Jber.<br />
Generaldir. Staatl. Naturwiss. Samml. Bayerns<br />
1976: 53-61.<br />
64) FITTKAU, E. J. 1977b. Kinal and kinon, habitat<br />
and coenosis of the surface drift as seen in<br />
Amazonian running waters. – Geo-Eco-Trop. 1:<br />
9-21.<br />
65) FITTKAU, E. J. & REISS, F. 1978a.<br />
Chironomidae. Pp. 404-440 in: ILLIES, J. (ed.)<br />
Limnofauna Europaea, 2. Aufl. Stuttgart, G.<br />
Fischer, and Amsterdam, Swets & Zeitlinger.<br />
66) FITTKAU, E. J. 1978a. Naturhistorische Museen<br />
und Ökologie – Museumskunde 43: 23-28.<br />
67) FITTKAU, E. J. 1978b. Sich abzeichnende<br />
Verbreitungsmuster in der neotropischennearktischen<br />
Chironomidenfauna. – Mitt. Dt.<br />
Ges. allg. angew. Ent. 1: 77-81.<br />
67a) FITTKAU, E. J., REISS, F., SUBLETTE, J. E. &<br />
SUBLETTE, M. (eds) 1978-1984. Chironomus 2:<br />
(1-4): 36 pp.; 3: (1-2): 18 pp.<br />
68) FITTKAU, E. J. 1979. Von Atheta zu Aphrotenia<br />
– zur Entwicklung der Chironomidenforschung<br />
unter Prof. Dr. Lars Brundin. – Ent. scand.<br />
Suppl. 10: 7-13.<br />
69) FITTKAU, E. J. & REISS, F. 1979b. Die<br />
zoogeographische Sonderstellung der<br />
neotropischen Chironomiden, Diptera. –<br />
Spixiana 2: 273-280.<br />
70) FITTKAU, E. J. 1980. Ein zoogeographischer<br />
Vergleich der Chironomiden der Westpalaearktis<br />
und der Aethiopis. Pp. 139-143 in: MURRAY, D.<br />
A. (ed.): Chironomidae. Ecology, systematics,<br />
cytology and physiology. Oxford and New York,<br />
Pergamon Press.<br />
71) FITTKAU, E. J. & STÜRMER, W. 1980. Cymbium<br />
gracile (Broderip, 1830) und Cymbium<br />
marmoratum Link, 1807, zwei gültige Arten. –<br />
Spixiana 3: 295-305.<br />
72) FITTKAU, E. J. 1981a. Armut in der Vielfalt –<br />
Amazonien als Lebensraum für Weichtiere. –<br />
Mitt. Zool. Ges. Braunau 3: 329-343.<br />
73) FITTKAU, E. J. 1981b. Fülle in der Armut – vom<br />
tropischen Urwald. Pp. 31-40 in: Grün soll die<br />
Erde bleiben. Verlag Mensch und Arbeit.<br />
74) FITTKAU, E. J. 1981c. Münchens erster<br />
Zoologe, Johann Baptist Ritter von Spix. –<br />
Jahrb. Bayer. Akad. Wiss.: 57-60.<br />
75) FITTKAU, E. J. 1982a. Der tropische Regenwald<br />
– Kulturraum und Rückzugsgebiet des<br />
Menschen. Pp. 451-490 in: Kindlers<br />
Enzyklopädie "Der Mensch", 2. Band.<br />
76) FITTKAU, E. J. 1982b. Laudatio auf Ritter von<br />
Spix. – Jber. Generaldir. Staatl. Naturwiss.<br />
Samml. Bayerns 1981: 35-42.<br />
77) FITTKAU, E. J. 1982c. Struktur, Funktion und<br />
Diversität zentralamazonischer Ökosysteme. –<br />
Arch. Hydrobiol. 95: 29-45.<br />
78) FITTKAU, E. J. & REICHHOLF, J. H. 1982.<br />
Environmental stability and human evolution. –<br />
Spixiana 5: 323-328.<br />
79) FITTKAU, E. J. 1982d. Vorwort. Pp. 1-3 in: Die<br />
Fauna des Murnauer Mooses. Faunistische<br />
Bestandsaufnahme eines Naturschutzgebietes in<br />
Oberbayern.<br />
9
80) FITTKAU, E. J. 1982e. In memoriam Prof. Dr. J.<br />
Illies, 23.3.1925-3.6.1982. – Stud. Neotrop.<br />
Fauna Envir. 17: 169-173.<br />
81) FITTKAU, E. J. & REISS, F. 1983. Versuch der<br />
Rekonstruktion der Fauna europäischer Ströme<br />
und ihrer Auen. - Arch. Hydrobiol. 97: 1-6.<br />
82) FITTKAU, E. J. & MURRAY, D. A. 1983.<br />
Pentaneurella katterjokki, eine neue Gattung und<br />
Art der Tanypodinae (Diptera, Chironomidae). –<br />
Nachr.bl. Bayer. Ent. 32: 57-63.<br />
83) FITTKAU, E. J. & ROBACK, S. S. 1983. The<br />
larvae of Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae)<br />
of the Holarctic region. - Keys and diagnoses. –<br />
Ent. scand. Suppl. 19: 33-110.<br />
84) FITTKAU, E. J. & REICHHOLF, J. H. 1983.<br />
Amazonia: a challenge for the future.<br />
Introductory remarks - Ecological structures and<br />
problems of Amazonia. – The Environmentalist<br />
3, Suppl. 5: 5-6.<br />
85) FITTKAU, E. J. 1983a. Flow of nutrients in a<br />
large open system: the basis of life in Amazonia.<br />
– The Environmentalist 3, Suppl. 5: 41-49.<br />
86) FITTKAU, E. J. 1983b. Lebendfunde von<br />
Theodoxus transversalis (C. Pfeiffer) in der Alz.<br />
– Mitt. Zool. Ges. Braunau 4: 185-186.<br />
87) FITTKAU, E. J. 1983c. (ed.): Festschrift zu<br />
Ehren von Dr. Johann Baptist Ritter von Spix. –<br />
Spixiana, Suppl. 9: 1-441.<br />
88) FITTKAU, E. J. 1983d. Johann Baptist Ritter von<br />
Spix. Sein Leben und sein wissenschaftliches<br />
Werk. – Spixiana, Suppl. 9: 11-18.<br />
89) FITTKAU, E. J. 1983e. Grundlagen der Ökologie<br />
Amazoniens. – Versuch einer Zusammenschau.<br />
– Spixiana, Suppl. 9: 201-218.<br />
90) FITTKAU, E. J. 1983f. Einleitung. In: Die<br />
faunistische Erfassung ausgewählter<br />
Wasserinsektengruppen in Bayern. – Inf.ber.<br />
Bayer. Landesamt. Wasserwirt. 7: 7-8.<br />
91) ENGELHARDT, W. & FITTKAU, E. J. (eds) 1984.<br />
Tropische Regenwälder, eine globale<br />
Herausforderung. – Spixiana., Suppl. 10: 1-160.<br />
92) FITTKAU, E. J. 1984. Tropischer Regenwald.<br />
Die Zusammenhänge. – Spixiana, Suppl. 10: 47-<br />
54.<br />
93) FITTKAU, E. J. & STÜRMER, W. 1985. Cymbium<br />
fragile, eine neue afrikanische Volute<br />
(Volutidae, Gastropoda). – Spixiana 8: 83-92.<br />
94) FITTKAU, E. J. & SCHMITZ, W. 1985. In<br />
memoriam Joachim Illies. – Arch. Hydrobiol.<br />
103: 381-405.<br />
95) FITTKAU, E. J. 1985a. Ökologische und<br />
faunenhistorische Zoogeographie der tropischen<br />
Regenwälder – Versuch eines Vergleiches. –<br />
Verh. Dt. Zool. Ges. 78: 137-146.<br />
95a) FITTKAU, E. J. (ed.) 1985b. Beiträge zur<br />
Systematik der Chironomidae, Diptera. –<br />
Spixiana, Suppl. 11: 215 pp.<br />
10<br />
96) MURRAY, D. A. & FITTKAU, E. J. 1985.<br />
Hayesomyia a new genus of Tanypodinae from<br />
the Holarctic (Diptera, Chironomidae). –<br />
Spixiana, Suppl. 11: 195-207.<br />
97) FITTKAU, E. J. & MURRAY, D. A. 1985. E. J.<br />
Fittkau & D. A. Murray: Radotanypus a new<br />
genus of Tanypodinae from the Nearctic<br />
(Diptera, Chironomidae). – Spixiana, Suppl. 11:<br />
209-213.<br />
98) FITTKAU, E. J. 1985c. Vorwort. In: Beiträge zur<br />
Systematik der Chironomidae, Diptera. –<br />
Spixiana, Suppl. 11: 5-6.<br />
99) FITTKAU, E. J. & MURRAY, D. A. 1986. The<br />
pupae of Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae)<br />
of the Holarctic region. – Keys and diagnoses. –<br />
Ent. scand. Suppl. 34: 38-123.<br />
100) FITTKAU, E. J. 1986. A situação da fauna das<br />
florestas tropicais: causas, consequências e<br />
correções. – An. 1. Simp. Trópico Umido, Belém,<br />
Para 1984, 5: 383-388.<br />
101) FITTKAU, E. J. 1987a. Tropische Regenwälder<br />
– Ihre ökologischen Probleme am Beispiel<br />
Amazoniens. Pp. 61-80 in: ENGELS, W. (ed.):<br />
Die Tropen als Lebensraum. Tübingen,<br />
Attempto Verlag.<br />
102) FITTKAU, E. J. 1987b. Conocimiento actual<br />
sobre la colonización de la región tropical<br />
Sudamericana por insectos acuáticos y su<br />
historia evolutiva, con especial referencia a los<br />
Chironómidos. – An. Mus. Hist. Nat. Valparaíso<br />
17: 97-103.<br />
103) FITTKAU, E. J. 1987c. La fauna de los bosques<br />
lluiosos Neotropicales. – An. Mus. Hist. Nat.<br />
Valparaíso 17: 32-41.<br />
103a) FITTKAU, E. J. (ed.) 1988a. Festschrift zu<br />
Ehren von Lars Brundin. – Spixiana, Suppl. 14:<br />
259 pp.<br />
104) FITTKAU, E. J. 1988b. Lars Brundin zum 80.<br />
Geburtstag. – Spixiana, Suppl. 14: 4.<br />
105) MURRAY, D. A. & FITTKAU, E. J. 1988.<br />
Schineriella schineri gen. nov., comb.nov.,<br />
placement of Tanypus schineri Strobl 1880<br />
(Diptera: Chironomidae). – Spixiana, Suppl. 14:<br />
247-252.<br />
106) FITTKAU, E. J. & MURRAY, D. A. 1988.<br />
Bethbilbeckia floridensis: a new genus and<br />
species of Macropelopiini from the South<br />
Eastern Nearctic (Diptera: Chironomidae). –<br />
Spixiana, Suppl. 14: 252-259.<br />
107) FREY, H. & FITTKAU, E. J. 1989a. Das<br />
Museum G. Frey "national wertvolles Kulturgut"<br />
der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. – Spixiana 11:<br />
193-197.<br />
108) FREY, H. & FITTKAU, E. J. 1989b. The<br />
Museum G. Frey "national treasure" of the<br />
Federal Republic of Germany. – Spixiana 11:<br />
201-204.
109) FITTKAU, E. J. 1989a. Zwischen Anden und<br />
Atlantik, Südamerikaforschung von Hans Krieg<br />
– Jber. Generaldir. Staatl. Naturwiss. Samml.<br />
Bayerns 1988: 27-33.<br />
110) FITTKAU, E. J. 1989b. Zur Ökologie tropischer<br />
Regenwälder. Pp. 11-23 in: Gesellschaft für<br />
ökologische Forschung (ed.): Amazonien. Ein<br />
Lebensraum wird zerstört. – München, Raben<br />
Verlag.<br />
111) FITTKAU, E. J. 1989c. Ökologische<br />
Voraussetzung Amazoniens für die Besiedlung<br />
durch indianische Ethnien. Pp. 123-140 in:<br />
HARTMANN, G. (ed.): Amazonien im Umbruch. –<br />
Berlin, D. Reimer.<br />
112) FITTKAU, E. J. 1989d. Erwin Lindner<br />
*07.04.1888 †30.11.1988. – Verh. Dt. Zool. Ges.<br />
82: 327-328 (1989).<br />
113) FITTKAU, E. J. 1989e. One and a half century<br />
of research in Chironomidae; neglected for long<br />
by entomology, this family of insects is<br />
becoming a focus of multidisciplinary research<br />
in modern biology. PP. 180-189 in: MIYAMOTO,<br />
T. (ed.): International symposium on mite and<br />
midge allergy. – Jpn. Ministry Educ., Sci. and<br />
Cult., Tokyo, iv+372 pp.<br />
114) FITTKAU, E. J. 1989f. Vorwort. Pp. 5-6 in:<br />
KIEFER, B. (ed.): Der Maler Michael Mathias<br />
Kiefer 1902-1980. Bad Wörishofen, Holzmann.<br />
115) MURRAY, D. A. & FITTKAU, E. J. 1989. The<br />
adult males of Tanypodinae (Diptera:<br />
Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region - Keys<br />
and diagnoses. – Ent. scand. Suppl. 34: 38-123.<br />
116) FITTKAU, E. J., COLLING, M., HESS, M.,<br />
HOFMANN, G., ORENDT, C., REIFF, N. & RISS,<br />
W. 1990. Erhebung trophie-indikativer<br />
Biozönosen, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung<br />
kleinräumiger Auflösung der Indikation im<br />
Litoralbereich. – Abschlußber. Bayer. Landesamt<br />
Wasserwirt., München, 254 pp.<br />
117) FITTKAU, E. J. 1990a. Vorwort. Pp. 6-7 in:<br />
REICHHOLF, J.: Der unersetzliche Dschungel.<br />
Leben, Gefährdung und Rettung des Tropischen<br />
Regenwaldes. München, BLV.<br />
118) FITTKAU, E. J. 1990b. Vorwort. P. 7 in:<br />
WENDLER, M.: Pantanal – Amphibisches<br />
Wunderland. Freiburg, Schillinger.<br />
119) FITTKAU, E. J. 1990c. Das Gesetz des<br />
Dschungels: In Armut üppig leben. Pp. 72-115<br />
in: BLÜCHEL, G. (ed.): Tropischer Regenwald –<br />
Der Garten Eden darf nicht sterben. Ed. Pro<br />
Terra.<br />
120) FITTKAU, E. J. 1990d. Vorwort. In:<br />
TASCHNER, F.: Mit dem Schmetterlingsnetz um<br />
die Welt. München, im Selbstverlag,.<br />
121) FITTKAU, E. J. 1990e. Die Tierwelt Chiles. Pp.<br />
109-113 in: Chile, Reisland zwischen Pazifik und<br />
Kordillere. Bewang (Tyrolia), Steiger.<br />
11<br />
122) FITTKAU, E. J. 1990f. Dr. rer. nat. habil. Georg<br />
Mothes 23.6.1933-27.2.1986. – Acta Biol. Debr.<br />
Oecol. Hung. 2: 37-39.<br />
123) FITTKAU, E. J. 1991a. Gefährdet der<br />
Weltagrarhandel den Regenwald? Pp. 128-14 in:<br />
JOSITZ, J. (ed.): Akademie Report: Der<br />
Weltagrarhandel im Spannungsfeld<br />
ökonomischer und ökologischer Interessen.<br />
München, Hanns-Seidel-Stifung, e.V.<br />
124) FITTKAU, E. J. 1991b. Tropische Regenwälder<br />
– Ökologische Zusammenhänge Pp. 27-6 in:<br />
ISENBERG, W. (ed.): Das Ende der Grünen<br />
Hölle? Bensberger Protok. 66, Schriftenr. Th.-<br />
Morus-Akad. Bensberg, Bergisch-Gladbach.<br />
125) FITTKAU, E. J. 1992a. Die grüne Wüste - Hat<br />
der tropische Regenwald eine Zukunft? – Z.<br />
polit. Bildg. 3: 36-41.<br />
126) FITTKAU, E. J. 1992b. Starker Tobak gegen<br />
Bauchweh. – Ein Herz für Tiere Extra 2,<br />
Weltwunder Regenwald: 32-34.<br />
127) FITTKAU, E. J. 1992c. Vierzig Jahre<br />
Limnologische Flußstation Schlitz – Ein Kapitel<br />
der Geschichte deutscher Limnologie. Pp. 1-17<br />
in: Vierzigjähriges Jubiläum der Limnologischen<br />
Flußstation Schlitz des Max-Planck-Instituts für<br />
Limnologie am 4. Juni 1991 – Festvorträge.<br />
Schlitz.<br />
128) FITTKAU, E. J. 1992d. Zoologie. Pp. 785-824<br />
in: WERZ, N. (ed.): Handbuch der<br />
deutschsprachigen Lateinamerikakunde. –<br />
Freiburger Beitr. Entwicklg. u. Politik. A.<br />
Bergstraesser Inst.<br />
129) FITTKAU, E. J. 1992e. Vom Naturalienkabinett<br />
zum modernen Forschungsinstitut: Geschichte<br />
und Bedeutung der Zoologischen<br />
Staatssammlung. – Spixiana, Suppl. 17: 24-34.<br />
130) FITTKAU, E. J., COLLING, M., HESS, M.,<br />
HOFMANN, G., ORENDT, C., REIFF, N. & RISS,<br />
W. 1992. Biologische Trophieindikation im<br />
Litoral von Seen. – Info.ber. Bayer. Landesamt<br />
Wasserwirt. 7: 1-184.<br />
131) FITTKAU, E. J. & PARTH, M. 1993. Colubraria<br />
kathiewayana, spec. nov. from Brazil (Mollusca,<br />
Gastropoda, Buccinidae). Spixiana 16: 189-190.<br />
132) FITTKAU, E. J. 1993a. Diversität der<br />
Gewässerfauna. Pp. 55-68 in: Bayer. Akad.<br />
Wiss. (ed.): Dynamik von Flora und Fauna –<br />
Artenvielfalt und ihre Erhaltung. Rundgespr.<br />
Kommiss. Ökol. 6.<br />
133) FITTKAU, E. J. 1993b. Tropische Regenwälder<br />
– unverzichtbares Naturgut. Pp. 218- 220 in: Die<br />
Weisheit der Wildnis, Schatzkammer Regenwald.<br />
Ed. Pro Terra.<br />
134) FITTKAU, E. J. 1993c. Investigación zoológica<br />
alemana en la época de Burmeister y en la<br />
actualidad. – Actas Simpós. Hermann<br />
Burmeister (Buenos Aires): 47-52.
135) SPIES, M., FITTKAU, E. J. & REISS, F. 1994.<br />
The adult males of Parachironomus Lenz, 1921,<br />
from the Neotropical faunal region (Insecta,<br />
Diptera, Chironomidae). –Spixiana, Suppl. 20:<br />
61-98.<br />
136) FITTKAU, E. J. 1994. Johann Baptist von Spix,<br />
Zoologe und Brasilienforscher. Pp. 53-74 in:<br />
HELLBIG, J. (ed.): Brasilianische Reise 1817-<br />
1820. Carl Friedrich von Martius zum 200.<br />
Geburtstag. München, Hirmer.<br />
137) FITTKAU, E. J. 1995a. In memory of Lars<br />
Brundin. Pp. 3-9 in: CRANST<strong>ON</strong>, P. S. (ed.):<br />
Chironomids. From genes to ecosystems. East<br />
Melbourne, CSIRO.<br />
138) FITTKAU, E. J. 1995b. Johann Baptist Ritter<br />
von Spix - In: Bayerische Akademie der<br />
Wissenschaften (Hrg.). Bayerische<br />
Tropenforschung - Einst und jetzt,<br />
Rundgespräche der Kommission für Ökologie<br />
10: 29-42.<br />
139) FITTKAU, E. J. 1995c. Struktur und Funktion<br />
limnischer Ökosysteme Amazoniens. Pp. 81-93<br />
in: Bayer. Akad. Wiss. (ed.): Bayerische<br />
Tropenforschung - einst und jetzt. Rundgespr.<br />
Kommiss. Ökol. 10.<br />
140) BIDAWID, N. & FITTKAU, E. J. 1995. Zur<br />
Kenntnis der neotropischen Arten der Gattung<br />
Polypedilum Kieffer, 1912. Teil I. (Diptera,<br />
Chironomidae). – Entomofauna 16: 465-536.<br />
141) FITTKAU, E. J. 1995d. Vorwort. In: BOGNER,<br />
B.: Die Pfahlbauten der Asmat. Ethnographische<br />
Notizen über die Pfahlbauten und<br />
Siedlungsweisen der Asmat von Irian Jaya<br />
(Südwest- Neuguinea), Indonesien. Schriftenr.<br />
GEN – Sammlg. völkerkundl. Monogr.<br />
142) FITTKAU, E. J. 1996. Vorwort. In: SCHÄFER,<br />
H.: Die fantastische Welt der exotischen Wanzen<br />
und Zikaden. München, im Selbstverlag.<br />
143) FITTKAU, E. J. 1997a. Structure, function and<br />
diversity of central Amazonian ecosystems. –<br />
Nat. Resources Develop. 45/46: 28-41.<br />
144) STUR, E. & FITTKAU, E. J. 1997. Diagnostic<br />
characters distinguishing the larvae of<br />
Ablabesmyia and Paramerina, and first record of<br />
Paramerina in Brazil (Insecta, Diptera,<br />
Chironomidae). – Spixiana 20:161-165.<br />
145) WIEDENBRUG, S. & FITTKAU, E. J. 1997.<br />
Oliveiriella almeidai (Oliveira, 1946), gen. nov.,<br />
comb. nov., from South America with<br />
description of the pupae (Insecta, Diptera,<br />
Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae). – Spixiana 20:<br />
167-172.<br />
146) MESSIAS, M. C. & FITTKAU, E. J. 1997. Two<br />
new species of the Neotropical genus Oukuriella<br />
Epler, 1986 ( Insecta, Diptera, Chironomidae) –<br />
Spixiana 20: 255-260.<br />
147) FITTKAU, E. J. 1997b. Prof. Dr. Paul Seibert<br />
(1921-1997) – gtö-Rundbr. 23: 11-12.<br />
12<br />
148) WIEDENBRUG, S., REISS, F. & FITTKAU, E. J.<br />
1998. Nandeva, gen. nov., a new genus of<br />
Chironomini (Insecta, Diptera, Chironomidae) –<br />
Spixiana 21: 59-68.<br />
149) FITTKAU, E. J. & REISS, F. 1999. Micropsectra<br />
pharetrophora, a new species of Tanytarsini<br />
(Diptera, Chironomidae) constructing portable<br />
larval cases. – J. Kansas Ent. Soc. 71: 226-233.<br />
150) FITTKAU, E. J. & SPIES, M. 1999. In memory<br />
of Friedrich Reiss (24 December 1937 - 17<br />
August 1999). – Chironomus 12: 17-23.<br />
151) FITTKAU, E. J. & SPIES, M. 2000. In memory<br />
of Friedrich Reiss (24 December 1937 - 17<br />
August 1999). – Spixiana 23: 97-99.<br />
152) MESSIAS, M. C., FITTKAU, E. J. & OLIVEIRA,<br />
S. J. DE 2000. A new species of the genus<br />
Oukuriella Epler (Diptera, Chironomidae,<br />
Chironominae) with first descriptions of<br />
immature stages of the genus. Pp. 183-188 in:<br />
Hoffrichter, O. (ed.): Late 20th century research<br />
on Chironomidae: an anthology from the 13th<br />
International Symposium on Chironomidae.<br />
Freiburg, Shaker.<br />
153) STUR, E., NOLTE, U. & FITTKAU, E. J. 2000.<br />
Chironomids from a surface-drift habitat in an<br />
intermittent stream in tropical Brazil. Pp. 425-<br />
432 in: Hoffrichter, O. (ed.): Late 20th century<br />
research on Chironomidae: an anthology from<br />
the 13th International Symposium on<br />
Chironomidae. Freiburg, Shaker.<br />
154) MESSIAS, M. C., OLIVEIRA, S. J. DE &<br />
FITTKAU, E. J. 2000. A new species of the<br />
Neotropical genus Oukuriella Epler (Diptera,<br />
Chironomidae, Chironominae). – Aquatic Ins.<br />
22: 161-164.<br />
155) FITTKAU, E. J. 2000. Nachruf / Obituary Dr.<br />
Friedrich Reiss (1937-1999). – Amazoniana 16:<br />
277-282.<br />
156) FITTKAU, E. J. 2001a. In memoriam Hans-<br />
Wilhelm Koepcke 23.6.1914 - 21.11.2000. – gtö-<br />
Rundbr. 27:14-15.<br />
156a) FITTKAU, E. J. 2001b. Dankesworte<br />
anlässlich der Verleihung der Meigen-Medaille.<br />
– Mitt. Dt. Ges. Allg. Angew. Ent. 13: 20.<br />
157) FITTKAU, E. J. 2001c. Amazonian<br />
Chironomidae (Diptera, Chironomidae): a<br />
contribution to chironomid research in the<br />
Neotropics. – Amazoniana 16: 313-323.<br />
158) FITTKAU, E. J. 2001d. Johann Baptist Ritter<br />
von Spix – Primeiro zoólogo de Munique e<br />
pesquisador no Brasil. História Ciências Saúde<br />
Manginhos, VIII (Suppl.):1109-1135.<br />
159) FITTKAU, E. J. 2001e. Hans-Wilhelm<br />
Koepcke. 23 June 1914 - 21 November 2000. –<br />
Ecotropica 7: 155-156.
160) FITTKAU, E. J. (in press): Chironomid research<br />
in South America – a review and outlook for the<br />
future. Proc. 14th Int. Sympos. on<br />
Chironomidae.<br />
161) SANSEVERINO, A. M., WIEDENBRUG, S. &<br />
FITTKAU, E. J. (in press): A new species group in<br />
the genus Tanytarsus Van der Wulp from the<br />
Neotropics. Proc. 14th Int. Sympos. on<br />
Chironomidae.<br />
“THE <strong>NEWSLETTER</strong> GRANT”<br />
13<br />
162) STUR, E., FITTKAU, E. J. & SERRANO, M. A.<br />
(in press): Male, female, pupa and larva of<br />
Parapentaneura bentogomensis gen. n., sp. n., a<br />
new Tanypodinae from Brazil (Diptera,<br />
Chironomidae). Proc. 14th Int. Sympos. on<br />
Chironomidae.<br />
163) MESSIAS, M. C. & FITTKAU, E. J. (in press):<br />
On a new Neotropical genus of Chironomini<br />
(Diptera: Chironomidae, Chironominae). Proc.<br />
14th Int. Sympos. on Chironomidae.<br />
Three grants each of US$ 500 will be given to scientists or students from Africa, Asia, the<br />
former East European states, and Central and South America to enable them to attend the XV<br />
International Symposium on Chironomidae in St. Paul, Minnesota in August 2003. To be<br />
considered, the applicant should give a presentation at the symposium, either oral or as a<br />
poster.<br />
Applications should be sent to Trond Andersen before December 1, 2002, and the allocation<br />
will be decided by December 15. It will be understood that applicants do not get their<br />
expenses covered from other sources.<br />
Address for applications: Trond Andersen, Museum of Zoology, Muséplass 3, N-5007<br />
Bergen, Norway. (e-mail: trond.andersen@zmb.uib.no)
CURRENT <strong>RESEARCH</strong><br />
NEW COMBINATI<strong>ON</strong>S AND SYN<strong>ON</strong>YMS IN EUROPEAN<br />
Pseudosmittia GOETGHEBUER AND RELATED GENERA.<br />
By 0. A. Sæther & L. C. Ferrington Jr.<br />
Museum of Zoology. University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway<br />
and Department of Entomology University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota. USA<br />
When one of us (0. A. S) was on sabbatical<br />
with the other at the University of Kansas a<br />
revision of the genus Pseudosmittia<br />
Goetghebuer was started and a preliminary<br />
manuscript describing and re-describing nearly<br />
100 species assignable to the genus was<br />
completed. Due to various circumstances,<br />
including a change of venue for one of us (L.<br />
C. F) from Lawrence, Kansas, to the<br />
University of Minnesota in St. Paul,<br />
Minnesota, the publication date has been<br />
delayed. Recently, however, one of us (0. A.<br />
S.) was requested to summarize the<br />
chironomids in the Fauna Europaea project, a<br />
database which will include all terrestrial and<br />
aquatic animals of Europe with their<br />
distribution in respective countries. Further<br />
information is obtainable on<br />
http://www.faunaeur.org. The database will<br />
eventually result in a variety of publications<br />
for the different groups, but new synonyms and<br />
combinations known to us should not be<br />
introduced in the data base, and we believe it is<br />
not desirable to use knowingly wrong names<br />
and combinations in the data base. We thus<br />
find it necessary to publish a list of the types<br />
which will cause changes to the nomenclature<br />
of the European species. We have examined<br />
the type material of most relevant museums,<br />
but a few remain to be investigated. Here we<br />
are listing only new combinations, new<br />
synonyms, new nomina dubia or other changes<br />
relative to the catalogue by Ashe & Cranston<br />
(1990).<br />
The following abbreviations for collections are<br />
used:<br />
BMNH: The Natural History Museum (British<br />
Museum, Natural History), London. England<br />
IRSN: Institute Royal de Science Naturelles de<br />
Belgique, Bruxelles, Belgium.<br />
NMS: Natur-Museum Senckenherg, Frankfurt<br />
Am Main, Germany.<br />
ZMB: Museum of Zoology, University of<br />
Bergen, Norway.<br />
14<br />
ZMH: Zoological Museum, University of<br />
Helsinki, Finland.<br />
ZMO: Zoological Museum. University of<br />
Oslo, Norway.<br />
ZSM: Zoologisches Staatssammlung, Munich,<br />
Germany.<br />
New generic placements<br />
Dactylocladius albipennis Goetghebuer, 1921:<br />
85<br />
[= Pseudosmittia albipennis (Goetghebuer)<br />
comb. n.] Holotype male in IRSN.<br />
Orthocladius (Dactylocladius) brevifurcatus<br />
Edwards, 1926: 781<br />
[= Pseudosmittia brevifurcata (Edwards)<br />
comb. n.] Types in BMNH.<br />
Lindebergia bothnica Tuiskunen, 1984:121<br />
[= Pseudosmittia bothnica (Tuiskunen) comb.<br />
n.] Holotype male in ZMH.<br />
Smittia lacunarum Goetghebuer, 1931: 217<br />
[= Bryophaenocladius lacunarum<br />
(Goetghebuer) comb. n.] Holotype male in<br />
IRSN.<br />
Smittia (Pseudosmittia) terrestris Goetghebuer,<br />
1943: 109<br />
[= Bryophaenocladius terrestris (Goetghebuer)<br />
comb. n.] Holotype female in IRSN.<br />
New synonyms<br />
Pseudosmittia amamibifurca Sasa, 1990: 132<br />
(=Pseudosmittia mathildae Albu, 1968, syn.<br />
n.)<br />
Pseudosmittia antillaria Sæther, 1981: 29 [=<br />
Pseudosmittia forcipata (Goetghebuer, 1921)<br />
syn. n.] Holotype male in ZMB.<br />
Pseudosmittia arenaria flava Strenzke, 1960:<br />
419 (= Pseudosmittia arenaria Strenzke, 1960,<br />
syn. n.) Holotype female in NMS.<br />
Smittia avicularia Goetghebuer, 1950: 13 [=<br />
Pseudosmittia trilobata (Edwards, 1929) syn.<br />
n.] Holotype male in IRSN.
Smittia brachyptera Goetghebuer, 1934: 389<br />
[= Pseudosmittia conjuncta (Edwards, 1929)<br />
comb. n.] Holotype male in IRSN.<br />
Pseudosmittia brevitarsis Brundin, 1947: 40 (=<br />
Pseudosmittia ruttneri Strenzke & Thienemann<br />
1942, syn. n.). The type could not be located.<br />
Spaniotoma (Smittia) curticosta Edwards,<br />
1929: 364 [= Pseudosmittia albipennis<br />
(Goetghebuer, 1921) syn. n.] Holotype male in<br />
BMNH.<br />
Smittia hamata Freeman, 1956: 355 [=<br />
Pseudosmittia danconai (Marcuzzi, 1947) syn.<br />
n.] Holotype male in NMS. Paratypes in<br />
BMNH also examined.<br />
Pseudosmittia linguata Caspers & Reiss, 1989:<br />
128 (= Pseudosmittia nishiharaensis Sasa &<br />
Hasegawa, 1988: 247). Holotype male in ZSM.<br />
Pseudosmittia kurobaokasia Sasa & Okazawa,<br />
1992a: 57 (= Pseudosmittia ruttneri Strenzke<br />
& Thienemann, 1942. syn. n.)<br />
Smittia longitibia Goetghebuer, 1933: 29 [=<br />
Pseudosmittia nanseni (Kieffer, 1926) syn. n.]<br />
Holotype male in ZMO.<br />
Pseudosmittia mediocarinata Caspers & Reiss,<br />
1989: 132 [= Pseudosmittia nanseni (Kieffer<br />
1926) syn. n.] Holotype male in ZSM.<br />
Smittia oxoniana Edwards, 1937: 146 not<br />
Edwards, 1922:204 (= Pseudosmittia ruttneri<br />
Strenzke & Thienemann, 1942 syn. n.)<br />
Spaniotoma (Smittia) recta Edwards, 1929:<br />
362 [= Pseudosmittia oxoniana (Edwards),<br />
Edwards, 1922, not Edwards, 1937, syn. n.]<br />
Pseudosmittia schachti Caspers & Reiss,<br />
1989: 130 (= Pseudosmittia ruttneri Strenzke<br />
& Thienemann, 1942, syn. n.) Holotype male<br />
in ZSM. Paratype male misidentified P.<br />
oxoniana (Edwards).<br />
Spaniotoma (Smittia) scotica Edwards, 1929:<br />
363 [= Camptocladius stercorarius (De Geer,<br />
1776) syn. n.] Holotype female in BMNH.<br />
Smittia (Orthosmittia) subrecta Goetghebuer,<br />
1942: 112 [= Parakieffèriella coronata<br />
(Edwards, 1929) syn. n.] Types in IRSN.<br />
Pseudosmittia togadistalis Sasa, Watanabe &<br />
Arakawa,1992: 233 [=Pseudosmittia gracilis<br />
(Goetghebuer, 1913) syn. n.]<br />
Pseudosmittia togarisea Sasa & Okazawa,<br />
1992b: 160 [=Pseudosmittia oxoniana<br />
(Edwards, 1922) syn. n.]<br />
15<br />
Pseudosmittia togasitea Sasa & Okazawa,<br />
1992b: 161 [=Camptocladius stercorarius (De<br />
Geer, 1776) syn. n.]<br />
Pseudosmittia togativea Sasa & Okazawa,<br />
1992b: 162 [=Camptocladius stercorarius (De<br />
Geer, 1776) syn. n.]<br />
Smittia triappendiculata Goetghebuer, 1931:<br />
216 [= Pseudosmittia forcipata (Goetghebuer,<br />
1921) syn. n.] Holotype male in IRSN.<br />
Negation of synonymy<br />
Pseudosmittia triplex Strenzke, 1950: 301.<br />
Valid species and not a synonym of P.<br />
forcipata (Goetghebuer, 1921) as stated in<br />
Ashe & Cranston (1990). Holotype male in<br />
NMS.<br />
New status<br />
Pseudosmittia virgo montana Strenzke, 1950:<br />
303 (= Pseudosmittia montana Strenzke stat.<br />
n.) Holotype male with pupal exuviae in NMS.<br />
Nomina dubia<br />
Camptocladius flaviventris Kieffer, 192la: 289,<br />
nomen dubium. The type could not be located.<br />
Camptocladius hexalobus Kieffer, 1924: 395<br />
(= Pseudosmittia hexalobus Kieffer, nomen<br />
dubium). Type lost. A likely senior synonym<br />
of either P. trilobata or P. obtusa.<br />
Camptocladius longicrus Kieffer, 1921b: 100,<br />
nomen dubium. Type lost. A pupal exuviae<br />
from NMS is marked type, but collected in<br />
1941 and thus wrongly marked.<br />
Pseudosmittia restricta Brundin, 1956: 170,<br />
nomen dubium. The type could not be found.<br />
The species cannot belong in Pseudosmittia if<br />
the description is correct as a distinct scutal<br />
hump is present and the genitalia differ from<br />
all other known species.<br />
Smittia (Pseudosmittia) tenebrosa<br />
Goetghebuer, 1943: 109 [= Pseudosmittia<br />
tenebrosa (Goetghebuer) nomen dubium].<br />
Holotype male in IRSN. Mounted between two<br />
plastic strips on a pin and ruined in attempt of<br />
remounting. Probably a synonym of P. simplex<br />
Strenzke & Thienemann.<br />
Camptocladius trifoliatus Kieffer, 1924: 73,<br />
nomen dubium. The type could not be located.<br />
Smittia (Pseudosmittia) vicana Goetghebuer,<br />
1943: 110 [= Pseudosmittia vicana<br />
(Goetghebuer), nomen dubium]. The female<br />
holotype supposedly in IRSN could not be<br />
found.
References<br />
ALBU. P. 1968. Pseudosmittia mathildae sp. n.<br />
(Diptera, Chironomidae). - Annls Zool. fenn. 5:4-<br />
5.<br />
ASHE, P. & CRANST<strong>ON</strong>. P. S. 1990. Family<br />
Chironomidae. Pages 113-355. in Soos A. and<br />
PAPP L. (eds): Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera.<br />
Vol. 2 Psychodidae — Chironomidae. -<br />
Akadémia Kiadó, Budapest, 499 pp.<br />
BRUNDIN. L. 1947. Zur Kenntnis der schwedischen<br />
Chironomiden. - Ark. Zool. 39 A: 1-95.<br />
BRUNDIN, L. 1956. Zur Systematik der<br />
Orthocladiinae (Dipt., Chironomidae). -<br />
Rep.Inst.Freshwat. Res. Drottningholm 37: 5-<br />
185.<br />
CASPERS. N. & REISS. F. 1989. Die Chironomidae<br />
der Türkei. Teil 1: Podonominae, Diamesinae,<br />
Prodiamesinae, Orthocladiinae (Diptera,<br />
Nematocera. Chironomidae). - Entomofauna 10:<br />
105—160.<br />
EDWARDS, F. W. 1922. Results of the Oxford<br />
University Expedition to Spitsbergen, 1921. -<br />
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) 10: 193-215.<br />
EDWARDS, F. W. 1926. On marine Chironomidae<br />
(Diptera) with descriptions of a new genus and<br />
four new species from Samoa. - Proc. Zool.<br />
Soc. Lond., 1926: 779-806.<br />
EDWARDS. F. W. 1929. British non-biting midges<br />
(Diptera, Chironomidae). - Trans. Ent. Soc.<br />
Lond. 77: 279-430.<br />
EDWARDS, F. W. 1937. Chironomidae (Diptera)<br />
collected by Prof. Aug. Thienemann in Swedish<br />
Lappland. - Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 20: 140-<br />
148.<br />
GOETGHEBUER, M. 1921. Chironomides de<br />
Belgique et spécialement de la zone des<br />
Flandres. - Mém. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg. 8:1-<br />
211.<br />
GOETGHEBUER, M. 1931. Ceratopogonidae et<br />
Chironomidae nouveaux d’Europe. - Bull. Annls<br />
Soc. R. ent. Belg. 71: 211-218.<br />
GOETGHEBUER, M. 1933. Chironomides du<br />
Groenland oriental, du Svalbard et de la terre de<br />
Francois Joseph. - Skr. Svalbard Ishavet 53: 19-<br />
31.0<br />
GOETGHEBUER, M. 1934. Note sur un nouveau<br />
Chironomide brachyptêre. - Bull. Annls Soc. R.<br />
ent. Belg. 74: 388-390.<br />
GOETGHEBUER, M. 1942. 13g. Tendipedidae<br />
(Chironomidae). f) Subfamilie Orthocladiinae.<br />
A. Die Imagines (part). - Fliegen pal. Reg. 3(1):<br />
25-64.<br />
GOETGHEBUER, M. 1950. Ceratopogonidae et<br />
Chironomidae nouveaux ou peu connus<br />
d’Europe (Treizième note). - Bull. Inst. R. Sci.<br />
nat. Belg. 25 (14): 1-8.<br />
KIEFFER, J. J. 1921a. Chironomides de Courlande. -<br />
Annls Soc. Scient. Brux. 40: 275-298.<br />
16<br />
KIEFFER, J. J. 1921b. Chironomides nouveaux ou<br />
peu connus de la region paléarctique. - Bull. Soc.<br />
Hist. Nat. Metz 29: 51-109.<br />
KIEFFER, J. J. 1924. Quelques Chironomides<br />
nouveaux et remarquables du Nord de 1’Europe.<br />
- Annls Soc. Scient. Brux 43: 390-397.<br />
KIEFFER, J. J. 1926. Chironomiden der 2. Fram-<br />
Expedition (1898-1902). - Norsk ent. Tidsskr.<br />
(1925) 2: 78-89.<br />
MARCUZZI, G. 1947. Descrizione di tre nuove<br />
specie di Smittia della Laguna di Venezia. - Boll.<br />
Soc. Ent. ital. 77: 9-13.<br />
PINDER, L. C. V. 1978. A key to adult males of<br />
British Chironomidae. Part 1. The key; part 2.<br />
Illustrations of the hypopygia. - Scient. Publs<br />
Freshwat. biol. Ass. 37, 169 pp.; 189 Figs.<br />
SÆTHER, 0. A. 1981. Orthocladiinae (Diptera.<br />
Chironomidae) from the British West Indies,with<br />
descriptions of Antillocladius n. gen.,<br />
Lipurometriocnemus n. gen. Compterosmittia<br />
n.gen. and Diplosmittia n. gen. - Ent. scand.,<br />
Suppl. 16, 46 pp.<br />
SASA, M. 1984. Studies on chironomid midges in<br />
lakes of the Nikko National Park. Pt. II.<br />
Taxonomical and morphological studies on the<br />
chironomid species collected from lakes in the<br />
Nikko National Park. - Res. Rep. Nat. inst.<br />
envir. Stud. 70: 16-2 15.<br />
SASA, M. 1990. Studies on the chironomid midges<br />
(Diptera, Chironomidae) of the Nansei Islands,<br />
Southern Japan. - Japan J. Exp. Med. 60: 111-<br />
165.<br />
SASA, M.. & HASEGAWA, H. 1988. Additional<br />
records of the chironomid midges from the<br />
Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan (Diptera,<br />
Chironomidae). - Jpn. J. sanit. Zool. 39: 229-<br />
256.<br />
SASA, M.. & OKAZAWA, T. 1992a. Studies on the<br />
chironomid midges (yusurika) of Kurobe River. -<br />
Res. Rep. Toyama Pref. Envir. Poll. Res. Centre<br />
1992: 40-91.<br />
SASA, M. & OKAZAWA, T. 1992 b. Studies on the<br />
chironomid midges (yusurika) of Toga-Mura.<br />
Toyama. Part 2. The subfamily Orthocladiinae.-<br />
Res. Rep. Toyama Pref. Envir. Poll. Res. Centre<br />
1992: 92-204.<br />
SASA, M., WATANABE M. & ARAKAWA, R. 1992.<br />
Additional records of Chironomidae from Toga-<br />
Mura, 1992. - Res. Rep. Toyama Pref. Envir.<br />
Poll. Res. Centre 1992: 231- 246.<br />
STRENZKE, K. 1950. Systematik. Morphologie und<br />
Okologie der terrestrischen Chironomiden. -<br />
Arch. Hydrobiol. Suppl. 18: 207-414.<br />
STRENZKE, K. & THIENEMANN, A. 1942. Zwei neue<br />
Pseudosmittia-Arten (Diptera, Chironomidae)<br />
aus dem Gebiete der Lunzer Seen. - Int. Revue<br />
ges. Hydrobiol. Hydrogr. 42: 356-387.<br />
TUISKUNEN, J. 1984. Lindebergia bothnica. gen. n.,<br />
sp. n. (Diptera, Chironomidae) from Finland. -<br />
Ann. Ent. fenn. 50: 121-122.
typeno<br />
CHIR<strong>ON</strong>OMIDAE TYPES IN THE MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY, BERGEN<br />
Elisabeth Stur & Trond Andersen<br />
Museum of Zoology, University of Bergen, Muséplass 3, N-5007 Bergen, Norway<br />
(e-mail: trond.andersen@zmb.uib.no)<br />
The International Project Collection at the<br />
Museum of Zoology, University of Bergen,<br />
contains the holotypes of 239 species of<br />
Chironomidae, and paratypes of an additional<br />
133 species, Table 1. More than 1750 slides<br />
with type material are housed in the collection.<br />
Most of the types belong in the subfamilies<br />
17<br />
Orthocladiinae and Chironominae, but types of<br />
Usambaromyiinae, Podonominae, Tanypodinae,<br />
Buchonomyiinae, Diamesinae and<br />
Prodiamesinae are also represented.<br />
Inquiries about the Chironomidae in the<br />
International Project Collection should be<br />
addressed to Trond Andersen.<br />
Table 1. Chironomidae species with types deposited in the International Project Collection at the<br />
Museum of Zoology in Bergen.<br />
Abbreviations: HT = holotype, PT = Paratype, m = male, f = female, p = pupae, l = larvae.<br />
genus species / note author / reference type<br />
USAMBAROMYIINAE<br />
155 Usambaromyia nigrala Andersen et Sæther, 1994a HT, PT m, f<br />
sex /<br />
stage<br />
POD<strong>ON</strong>OMINAE<br />
Lasiodiamesa brusti Sæther, 1969 PT m, f, p, l<br />
Nepodonomus similis Chaudhuri et Ghosh, 1981 PT m<br />
TANYPODINAE<br />
Ablabesmyia maculitibialis Chaudhuri et al., 1983 PT m<br />
Clinotanypus vomerus Chaudhuri et Debnath, 1984 PT m<br />
Pentaneurella katterjokki Fittkau et Murray, 1983 PT l<br />
Tanypus grandis Chaudhuri et al., 1984 PT m, f<br />
Tanypus lucidus Chaudhuri et al., 1984 PT m<br />
Tanypus tenebrosus Chaudhuri et al., 1984 PT m<br />
BUCH<strong>ON</strong>OMYIINAE<br />
178 Buchonomyia brundini Andersen et Sæther, 1994b HT, PT m<br />
Buchonomyia burmanica Brundin et Sæther, 1978 PT f<br />
DIAMESINAE<br />
Diamesa freemani Willassen et Cranston, 1986 PT m, f, p, l<br />
Diamesa fonticola Sæther, 1969 PT f, p, l<br />
106 Diamesa khumbugelida Sæther et Willassen, 1987 HT, PT m, f<br />
103 Diamesa kohshimai Sæther et Willassen, 1987 HT, PT m, f, p<br />
83 Diamesa lupus Willassen, 1985 HT, PT m, f, p<br />
105 Diamesa praecipua Sæther et Willassen, 1987 HT, PT m, f<br />
82 Diamesa saetheri Willassen, 1985 HT, PT m, f, p, l<br />
81 Diamesa serratosioi Willassen, 1985 HT, PT m, f<br />
104 Diamesa yalavia Sæther et Willassen, 1987 HT, PT m, f, p<br />
114 Lappodiamesa boltoni Sæther et Willassen, 1988 HT, PT m, f, p, l<br />
Protanypus hamiltoni Sæther, 1975a PT m, p, l<br />
Protanypus ramosus Sæther, 1975a PT m, f, p, l<br />
Protanypus saetheri Wiederholm, 1975 PT m<br />
PRODIAMESINAE<br />
40 Compteromesa oconeensis Sæther, 1981a HT m
Monodiamesa depectinata Sæther, 1973 PT m, p, l<br />
244 Monodiamesa mariae Andersen, 1996b HT, PT m, f<br />
Monodiamesa prolilobata Sæther, 1973 PT m<br />
Monodiamesa tuberculata Sæther, 1973 PT l<br />
100 Odontomesa ferringtoni Sæther, 1985b HT, PT m<br />
99 Odontomesa fulva nearctica Sæther, 1985b HT, PT m, p, l<br />
ORTHOCLADIINAE<br />
Acamptocladius reissi Cranston et Sæther, 1982 PT m, p<br />
25 Antillocladius antecalvus Sæther, 1981c HT, PT m, f<br />
45 Antillocladius arcuatus Sæther, 1982 HT m<br />
46 Antillocladius pluspilalus Sæther, 1982 HT m<br />
Antillocladius<br />
scalpellatus<br />
Wang et Sæther, 1993a<br />
PT m<br />
301 Antillocladius<br />
skartveiti<br />
Andersen et Contreras-Ramos,<br />
1999<br />
HT m<br />
Antillocladius zhengi<br />
Wang et Sæther, 1993a<br />
HT m<br />
93 Apometriocnemus fontinalis Sæther, 1985h HT m<br />
Baeoctenus bicolor Sæther, 1976 PT m, f<br />
Boreosmittia inariensis Tuiskunen, 1986<br />
m<br />
in Tuiskunen & Lindeberg 1986 HT, PT<br />
Botryocladius<br />
grapeth<br />
Cranston et Edward, 1999<br />
PT p<br />
Botryocladius<br />
mapuche<br />
Cranston et Edward, 1999<br />
PT p<br />
Brillia<br />
bifasciata<br />
Wang et al., 1994<br />
HT m<br />
Brillia<br />
laculata<br />
Oliver et Roussel, 1983<br />
PT m<br />
Brillia retifinis Sæther, 1969 PT m<br />
374 Bryophaenocladius bicolor Wang, Sæther et Andersen, 2002 HT, PT m<br />
375 Bryophaenocladius cristatus Wang, Sæther et Andersen, 2002 HT, PT m<br />
127 Bryophaenocladius faegrii Schnell, 1991 HT, PT m, f, p, l<br />
376 Bryophaenocladius flagelligus Wang, Sæther et Andersen, 2002 HT m<br />
340 Bryophaenocladius imberbus Andersen et Schnell, 2000 HT, PT m<br />
Bryophaenocladius longipenis Ghosh et Chaudhuri, 1983 PT m<br />
Bryophaenocladius manifestus Ghosh et Chaudhuri, 1983 PT m<br />
341 Bryophaenocladius mazumbaiensis Andersen et Schnell, 2000 HT, PT m<br />
51 Bryophaenocladius psilacrus Sæther, 1982 HT m<br />
377 Bryophaenocladius spinicaudus Wang, Sæther et Andersen, 2002 HT, PT m<br />
351 Bryophaenocladius thaleri Willassen, 1996 HT m<br />
342 Bryophaenocladius usambarensis Andersen et Schnell, 2000 HT m<br />
Chaetocladius crassisaetosus Tuiskunen, 1986<br />
in Tuiskunen & Lindeberg 1986 PT m<br />
Chaetocladius ligni Cranston et Oliver 1988 PT p, l<br />
Chaetocladius muliebris Tuiskunen, 1986<br />
in Tuiskunen & Lindeberg 1986 PT m<br />
Chaetocladius oliveri Sæther, 1969 PT m, f<br />
Chaetocladius orientalis Chaudhuri et Ghosh, 1982 PT m<br />
30 Compterosmittia dentispina Sæther, 1981c HT, PT m, f<br />
Compterosmittia<br />
clavigera<br />
Sæther, 1982<br />
HT m<br />
49 Compterosmittia<br />
virga<br />
Wang, 1998<br />
PT m<br />
157 Colosmittia clavata Andersen et Sæther, 1993a HT m<br />
Cricotopus (Cricotopus) bifurcatus Cranston et Oliver, 1988 PT m<br />
27 C. (Cricotopus) canditibia Sæther, 1981c HT m<br />
C. (Cricotopus) mackenziensis Oliver, 1977 PT m, l<br />
C. (Cricotopus) macraei Sæther, 1971 PT m, f<br />
28 C. (Cricotopus) nudisquama Sæther, 1981c HT m<br />
26 C. (Cricotopus) pilocapsulus Sæther, 1981c HT, PT m, f<br />
C. (Cricotopus) tenuisetosus Chaudhuri et Ghosh, 1980 PT m<br />
C. (Cricotopus) myriophylli Oliver, 1984 PT m, f, l<br />
245 Diplosmittia beluina Andersen, 1996a HT m<br />
101 Diplosmittia carinata Sæther, 1985e HT, PT m<br />
246 Diplosmittia forficatus Andersen, 1996a HT m<br />
34 Diplosmittia harrisoni Sæther, 1981c HT, PT m, f<br />
174 Doitrix amegabei Sæther et Andersen, 1996 HT m<br />
Doitrix dillonae Cranston et Oliver, 1988 PT m<br />
18
Doitrix ensifer Sæther et Sublette, 1983 PT m<br />
56 Doitrix hamiltoni Sæther et Sublette, 1983 HT, PT m<br />
173 Doitrix longipes Sæther et Andersen, 1996 HT m<br />
74 Doitrix parcivillosa Sæther et Sublette, 1983 HT, PT m, p, l<br />
55 Doitrix villosa Sæther et Sublette, 1983 HT, PT m, p, l<br />
39 Doncricotopus bicaudatus Sæther, 1981b HT m, p, l<br />
Eukiefferiella changbaiensis Wang et Halvorsen 2002 PT m, f<br />
Eukiefferiella paucunca Sæther, 1969 PT m, p<br />
Eukiefferiella vitracies Sæther, 1969 PT m<br />
Euryhapsis<br />
cilium<br />
Oliver, 1981<br />
PT m, f<br />
Euryhapsis<br />
fuscipropes<br />
Sæther et Wang, 1992<br />
PT m<br />
219 Georthocladius amakyei Sæther et Andersen, 1996 HT m<br />
72 Georthocladius curticornus Sæther et Sublette, 1983 HT, PT f, p, l<br />
75 Georthocladius fimbriosus Sæther et Sublette, 1983 HT m, l<br />
220 Georthocladius longicalcaneum Sæther et Andersen, 1996 HT, PT m<br />
Georthocladius platystylus Sæther et Sublette, 1983 PT m<br />
57 Georthocladius triquetrus Sæther et Sublette, 1983 HT m<br />
79 Gymnometriocnemus acigus Sæther, 1983c HT m, f, p<br />
Hanocladius longipes Sæther et Wang 2002 PT m<br />
166 Heleniella nebulosa Andersen et Wang, 1997 HT m, f<br />
92 Heleniella parva Sæther, 1985i HT, PT m<br />
Heterotanytarsus nudalus Sæther, 1975b PT m, f, p<br />
Heterotanytarsus perennis Sæther, 1975b PT m, p, l<br />
129 Heterotrissocladius boltoni Sæther, 1992c HT, PT m, f, p, l<br />
115 Heterotrissocladius brundini Sæther et Schnell, 1988b HT, PT m, f, p, l<br />
Heterotrissocladius changi Sæther, 1975c PT m, f, l<br />
Heterotrissocladius cooki Sæther, 1975c PT m<br />
Heterotrissocladius hirtapex Sæther, 1975c PT m, f, p, l<br />
Heterotrissocladius latilaminus Sæther, 1975c PT f, p, l<br />
Heterotrissocladius oliveri Sæther, 1975c PT m, f, p, l<br />
Hydrobaenus conformis<br />
labradorensis Sæther, 1976 PT m, l<br />
Habrobaenus hudsoni Sæther, 1977b PT m<br />
122 Hydrobaenus kondoi Sæther, 1989b HT, PT m, f, p, l<br />
Hydrobaenus laticaudus Sæther, 1976 PT m<br />
Hydrobaenus martini Sæther, 1976 PT m<br />
Hydrobaenus pilipodex Sæther, 1976 PT m, l<br />
Hydrobaenus spinnatis Sæther, 1976 PT m, f<br />
121 Hydrobaenus travisi Sæther, 1989b HT, PT m<br />
Hydrobaenus virgo Sæther, 1976 PT f<br />
158 Ionthosmittia caudiga Sæther et Andersen, 1995 HT, PT m<br />
154 Lerheimia aviculata Andersen et Sæther, 1993b HT m<br />
152 Lerheimia scopulata Andersen et Sæther, 1993b HT, PT m<br />
153 Lerheimia villangulata Andersen et Sæther, 1993b HT m<br />
123 Limnophyes aagaardi Sæther, 1990 HT, PT m<br />
112 Limnophyes anderseni Sæther, 1990 HT, PT m<br />
119 Limnophyes angelicae Sæther, 1990 HT m<br />
113 Limnophyes bidumus Sæther, 1990 HT, PT m, f, p<br />
Limnophyes bullus Wang et Sæther, 1993b PT m, f<br />
Limnophyes carolinensis Sæther, 1990 PT m<br />
108 Limnophyes doughmani Sæther, 1990 HT m<br />
109 Limnophyes edwardsi Sæther, 1990 HT, PT m, f, p, l<br />
Limnophyes er Sæther, 1985c PT m<br />
126 Limnophyes gelasinus Sæther, 1990 HT m<br />
Limnophyes hastulatus Sæther, 1975d PT m<br />
Limnophyes hudsoni 1) Sæther, 1975d PT m, f<br />
Limnophyes inanispatina Langton et Moubayed, 2001 HT m, p<br />
Limnophyes lobiscus Sæther, 1990 PT m<br />
120 Limnophyes madeirae Sæther, 1990 HT m<br />
Limnophyes margaretae Sæther, 1975d PT m<br />
Limnophyes ninae Sæther, 1975d PT m<br />
Limnophyes nudiradius 2) Sæther, 1975d PT m<br />
19
Limnophyes orbicristatus Wang et Sæther 1993b PT m<br />
Limnophyes palleocestus Wang et Sæther, 1993b PT m<br />
Limnophyes paludis Armitage, 1985 PT m<br />
Limnophyes recisus Sæther, 1975d PT m<br />
Limnophyes roquehautensis Langton et Moubayed, 2001 HT m<br />
110 Limnophyes schnelli Sæther, 1990 HT, PT m<br />
Limnophyes spatulosus 3) Sæther, 1975d PT m<br />
Limnophyes spinigus Sæther, 1990 PT m<br />
111 Limnophyes torulus Sæther, 1990 HT m<br />
Limnophyes verpus Wang et Sæther, 1993b PT m<br />
29 Lipurometriocnemus glabalus Sæther, 1981c HT, PT m, f<br />
47 Lipurometriocnemus vixlobatus Sæther, 1982 HT m<br />
156 Lobosmittia basilobata Sæther et Andersen, 1993 HT m<br />
Lopescladius fittkaui Sæther, 1983b PT m, p<br />
Lopescladius verruculosus Sæther, 1983b PT p<br />
86 Mesosmittia acutistylus Sæther, 1985d HT m<br />
355 Mesosmittia annae Andersen et Mendes, 2002b HT, PT m<br />
234 Mesosmittia cristaga Sæther, 1996 HT m<br />
357 Mesosmittia halata Andersen et Mendes, 2002b HT, PT m<br />
358 Mesosmittia hirta Andersen et Mendes, 2002b HT m<br />
356 Mesosmittia glabra Andersen et Mendes, 2002b HT, PT m<br />
87 Mesosmittia lobiga Sæther, 1985d HT m<br />
88 Mesosmittia mina Sæther, 1985d HT m<br />
89 Mesosmittia patrihortae Sæther, 1985d HT, PT m<br />
90 Mesosmittia prolixa Sæther, 1985d HT, PT m<br />
91 Mesosmittia tora Sæther, 1985d HT m<br />
144 Metriocnemus acutus Sæther, 1995 HT m<br />
118 Metriocnemus brusti Sæther, 1989a HT, PT m, p, l<br />
145 Metriocnemus calvescens Sæther, 1995 HT m<br />
Metriocnemus carmencitabertarum Langton et Cobo, 1997 HT, PT m, f, p, l<br />
147 Metriocnemus caudigus Sæther, 1995 HT, PT m<br />
145 Metriocnemus dentipalpus Sæther, 1995 HT m<br />
149 Metriocnemus exilacies Sæther, 1995 HT, PT m<br />
148 Metriocnemus intergerivus Sæther, 1995 HT, PT m, f<br />
143 Metriocnemus wangi Sæther, 1995 HT, PT m<br />
312 Molleriella calcarella Sæther et Ekrem, 1999 HT, PT m, f<br />
Nanocladius anderseni Sæther, 1977a PT m, f, p, l<br />
Nanocladius crassicornus Sæther, 1977a PT p<br />
Nanocladius incomptus Sæther, 1977a PT m, f<br />
Nanocladius minimus Sæther, 1977a PT m, p<br />
Nanocladius spiniplenus Sæther, 1977a PT p<br />
102 Oliveridia hugginsi Ferrington et Sæther, 1987 HT, PT m, f, p<br />
O. (Euorthocladius) ashei Soponis, 1990 PT m, p,l<br />
O. (Euorthocladius) rousselae Soponis, 1990 PT m, p,l<br />
Parachaetocladius imberbus Sæther et Sublette, 1983 PT m<br />
38 Paracricotopus glaber Sæther, 1980 HT, PT m, f, p, l<br />
177 Parakiefferiella minax Ferrington et Sæther, 1994 HT m<br />
Parametriocnemus vespertinus Sæther, 1969 PT m<br />
184 Paraphaenocladius crassicaudatus Sæther et Wang, 1995 HT, PT m<br />
188 Paraphaenocladius exagitans longipes Sæther et Wang, 1995 HT, PT m<br />
189 Paraphaenocladius impensus contractus Sæther et Wang, 1995 HT, PT m<br />
187 Paraphaenocladius innasus Sæther et Wang, 1995 HT, PT m<br />
182 Paraphaenocladius irritus longicostatus Sæther et Wang, 1995 HT m<br />
186 Paraphaenocladius pusillus Sæther et Wang, 1995 HT, PT m<br />
186 Paraphaenocladius proprius Chaudhuri et Sinharay, 1987 PT m<br />
183 Paraphaenocladius pseudirritus nearcticus Sæther et Wang, 1995 HT, PT m<br />
Phycoidella dentolatens 4) Sæther, 1971 PT l<br />
279 Physoneura paulseni Stur et Andersen, 2000 HT, PT m<br />
53 Platysmittia fimbriata Sæther, 1982 HT m<br />
Platysmittia bilyji Sæther, 1985g PT f<br />
Plhudsonia acuticauda Sæther, 1992a PT m, p<br />
44 Plhudsonia partita Sæther, 1982 HT, PT m, p<br />
20
235 Propsilocerus sinicus Sæther et Wang, 1996 HT, PT m, f, p<br />
76 Pseudorthocladius amplicaudus Sæther et Sublette, 1983 HT m<br />
60 Pseudorthocladius clavatosus Sæther et Sublette, 1983 HT m, f<br />
67 Pseudorthocladius comans Sæther et Sublette, 1983 HT m<br />
63 Pseudorthocladius curticornus Sæther et Sublette, 1983 HT m, p<br />
58 Pseudorthocladius destitutus Sæther et Sublette, 1983 HT m<br />
77 Pseudorthocladius lunatus Sæther et Sublette, 1983 HT m<br />
66 Pseudorthocladius macrovirgatus Sæther et Sublette, 1983 HT, PT m<br />
78 Pseudorthocladius morsei Sæther et Sublette, 1983 HT m<br />
65 Pseudorthocladius paravirgatus Sæther et Sublette, 1983 HT m<br />
59 Pseudorthocladius rectilobus Sæther et Sublette, 1983 HT m<br />
61 Pseudorthocladius tricanthus Sæther et Sublette, 1983 HT m, p<br />
62 Pseudorthocladius uniserratus Sæther et Sublette, 1983 HT, PT m, p, l<br />
64 Pseudorthocladius virgatus Sæther et Sublette, 1983 HT, PT m, p<br />
68 Pseudorthocladius wingoi Sæther et Sublette, 1983 HT m<br />
48 Psilometriocnemus cristatus Sæther, 1982 HT, PT m, f, p, l<br />
Quiniella lii Wang et Sæther, 1998 PT m<br />
97 Rheocricotopus amplicristatus Sæther, 1985f HT, PT m<br />
96 Rheocricotopus conflusirius Sæther, 1985f HT m<br />
98 Rheocricotopus effusoides Sæther, 1985f HT m, f, p, l<br />
Rheocricotopus eminellobus Sæther, 1969 PT f<br />
Rheocricotopus himalayensis Chaudhuri et Sinharay, 1983 PT m<br />
Rheocricotopus kenorensis Sæther, 1969 PT m<br />
Rheocricotopus nemoacrostichalis Chaudhuri et Sinharay, 1983 PT m<br />
Rheocricotopus pauciseta Sæther, 1969 PT m<br />
116 Rheocricotopus reduncus Sæther et Schnell, 1988a HT, PT m, p<br />
117 Rheocricotopus unidentatus Sæther et Schnell, 1988a HT, PT m, f, p, l<br />
Rheocricotopus<br />
valgus<br />
Chaudhuri et Sinharay, 1983 PT m<br />
R. (Psilocricotopus) calviculus<br />
Wang et Sæther, 2001<br />
HT m<br />
95 Rheosmittia halvorseni 5) Cranston et Saether, 1986 HT, PT m, f<br />
54 Saetheriella amplicristata Halvorsen, 1982 HT, PT m, f<br />
50 Stilocladius clinopecten Sæther, 1982 HT, PT m, f, p<br />
80 Sublettiella calvata Sæther, 1983c HT m<br />
120 Tavastia cristacauda Sæther, 1992b HT m<br />
Thalassosmittia montana Wang et Sæther, 1993c PT m<br />
94 Thienemannia pilinucha Sæther, 1985a HT m<br />
269 Thienemanniella boltoni Hestenes et Sæther, 2000 HT, PT m, f, l<br />
270 Thienemanniella lobapodema Hestenes et Sæther, 2000 HT, PT m, p<br />
36 Thienemanniella sanctivincenta Sæther, 1981c HT, PT m, f, p<br />
35 Thienemanniella semifimbriata 6) Sæther, 1981c<br />
HT, PT m, f, p<br />
347 Thienemanniella taurocapita<br />
Hestenes et Sæther, 2000<br />
HT, PT m, f, p, l<br />
Tokunagayusurika taihuensis 7)<br />
Wen, Zhou et Rong, 1994<br />
PT f<br />
149 Tokyobrillia<br />
anderseni<br />
Sæther et Wang, 1992<br />
HT, PT m<br />
52 Unniella multivirga Sæther, 1982 HT, PT m<br />
107 Vivacricotopus ablusus Schnell et Sæther, 1988 HT m, p<br />
Xylotopus burmanensis Oliver, 1985 PT m<br />
Zalutschia lingulata lingulata Sæther, 1976 PT m, f<br />
Zalutschia lingulata pauca Sæther, 1976 PT m, f, p, l<br />
Zalutschia pusa Sæther, 1976 PT f, p<br />
Zalutschia trigonacies Sæther, 1976 PT m, f, p, l<br />
Zalutschia vockerothi Sæther, 1976 PT m, p<br />
CHIR<strong>ON</strong>OMINAE Chironomini<br />
359 Axarus froelichi Andersen et Mendes, 2002a HT, PT m<br />
170 Beardius aciculatus Andersen et Sæther, 1996 HT, PT m<br />
171 Beardius lingulatus Andersen et Sæther, 1996 HT, PT m<br />
Beardius parcus Reiss et Sublette, 1985 PT m<br />
172 Beardius triangulatus Andersen et Sæther, 1996 HT, PT m<br />
Cyphomella gibbera Sæther, 1977a PT m, p<br />
248 Friederia<br />
villosa<br />
Sæther et Andersen, 1998<br />
HT, PT m<br />
Harnishia<br />
turgidula<br />
Wang et al., 1993<br />
HT m<br />
84 Oschia dorsenna 8) Sæther, 1983a HT, PT m<br />
21
Microchironomus clarilatus Guha et Chaudhuri, 1981 PT m<br />
311 Nilothauma acre Adam et Sæther, 1999 HT m<br />
263 Nilothauma anderseni Adam et Sæther, 1999 HT m<br />
261 Nilothauma ankasense Adam et Sæther, 1999 HT m<br />
260 Nilothauma burmeisteri Adam et Sæther, 1999 HT, PT m<br />
257 Nilothauma duminola Adam et Sæther, 1999 HT, PT m<br />
264 Nilothauma flabellatum Adam et Sæther, 1999 HT, PT m<br />
258 Nilothauma fuscina Adam et Sæther, 1999 HT m<br />
262 Nilothauma insolita Adam et Sæther, 1999 HT m<br />
Nilothauma harrisoni Adam et Sæther, 1999 PT m<br />
265 Nilothauma kakumense Adam et Sæther, 1999 HT m<br />
310 Nilothauma mergae Adam et Sæther, 1999 HT, PT m<br />
Nilothauma sasai Adam et Sæther, 1999 PT m<br />
259 Nilothauma verrucum Adam et Sæther, 1999 HT, PT m<br />
267 Paranilothauma strebulosa Adam et Sæther, 2000 HT m<br />
Polypedilum insolitum Chaudhuri et al., 1981 PT m<br />
Polypedilum nudiceps Chaudhuri et al., 1981 PT m<br />
Polypedilum obscurum Chaudhuri et al., 1981 PT f<br />
254 P. (Cerobregma) bulbocaudatum Sæther et Sundal, 1999 HT, PT m<br />
255 P. (Cerobregma) subulatum Sæther et Sundal, 1999 HT m<br />
256 P. (Cerobregma) volselligum Sæther et Sundal, 1999 HT, PT m, f<br />
371 P. (Tripodura) akani Bjørlo, 2002 in Vårdal et al. 2002 HT, PT m<br />
366 P. (Tripodura) amplificatus Bjørlo, 2002 in Vårdal et al. 2002 HT, PT m<br />
365 P. (Tripodura) chaelum Vårdal, 2002 in Vårdal et al. 2002 HT m<br />
372 P. (Tripodura) dagombae Bjørlo, 2002 in Vårdal et al. 2002 HT m<br />
369 P. (Tripodura) ewei Bjørlo, 2002 in Vårdal et al. 2002 HT, PT m<br />
370 P. (Tripodura) ogoouense Bjørlo, 2002 in Vårdal et al. 2002 HT m<br />
367 P. (Tripodura) patulum Bjørlo, 2002 in Vårdal et al. 2002 HT m<br />
368 P. (Tripodura) spinalveum Vårdal, 2002 in Vårdal et al. 2002 HT, PT m<br />
275 P. (Uresipedilum) acutulum Oyewo et Sæther, 1998 HT m<br />
278 P. (Uresipedilum) anderseni Oyewo et Sæther, 1998 HT, PT m<br />
274 P. (Uresipedilum) dossenudum Oyewo et Sæther, 1998 HT, PT m<br />
277 P. (Uresipedilum) gladysae Oyewo et Sæther, 1998 HT, PT m<br />
273 P. (Uresipedilum) harrisoni Oyewo et Sæther, 1998 HT m<br />
276 P. (Uresipedilum) kakumense Oyewo et Sæther, 1998 HT, PT m<br />
272 P. (Uresipedilum) plautum Oyewo et Sæther, 1998 HT, PT m<br />
271 P. (Uresipedilum) spinibojum Oyewo et Sæther, 1998 HT, PT m<br />
Robackia pilicauda Sæther, 1977a PT m<br />
85 Saetheria hirta Sæther, 1983a HT f, p, l<br />
Shangomyia impectinata Sæther et Wang, 1993 PT f<br />
251 Xestochironomus aisenensis Andersen et Kristoffersen, 1998 HT, PT m, f<br />
252 Xestochironomus laselvensis Andersen et Kristoffersen, 1998 HT m<br />
Xiaomyia aequipedes Sæther et Wang, 1993 PT m<br />
Zhouomyia plauta Sæther et Wang, 1993 PT m<br />
CHIR<strong>ON</strong>OMINAE Pseudochironomini<br />
247 Manoa tangae Andersen et Sæther, 1997 HT, PT m, f<br />
Pseudochironomus articaudus Sæther, 1977a PT m<br />
Pseudochironomus badius Sæther, 1977a PT m<br />
CHIR<strong>ON</strong>OMINAE Tanytarsini<br />
Cladotanytarsus multispinulus Guha et al., 1985 PT m<br />
Neostempellina thienemanni Reiss, 1984a PT m<br />
Parapsectra mendli Reiss, 1983 PT m<br />
317 Rheotanytarsus abonae Kyerematen, 2000 in Kyerematen<br />
et al. 2000 HT m<br />
313 Rheotanytarsus acuminatus Kyerematen et Sæthe,r 2000 HT, PT m<br />
319 Rheotanytarsus aquilus Kyerematen et Sæther, 2000 HT, PT m<br />
320 Rheotanytarsus atrius Kyerematen et Sæther, 2000 HT, PT m<br />
336 Rheotanytarsus baculus Kyerematen et Andersen, 2002 HT, PT m<br />
329 Rheotanytarsus beccus Kyerematen et al., 2000 HT m<br />
338 Rheotanytarsus buculicaudus Kyerematen, 2000 in Kyerematen HT, PT m<br />
22
et al. 2000<br />
Rheotanytarsus calakmulensis Kyerematen et Andersen, 2002 PT m<br />
346 Rheotanytarsus contrerasi Andersen et Sæther, 2000 in<br />
Kyerematen et al. 2000 HT, PT m, p<br />
322 Rheotanytarsus digitatus Kyerematen et Sæther, 2000 HT, PT m<br />
334 Rheotanytarsus falcatus Kyerematen et al., 2000 HT, PT m, f<br />
328 Rheotanytarsus falcipedus Kyerematen et al., 2000 HT, PT m<br />
337 Rheotanytarsus foliatus Kyerematen et Andersen, 2002 HT, PT m<br />
342 Rheotanytarsus guanacastensis Kyerematen et Andersen, 2002 HT, PT m<br />
341 Rheotanytarsus hanseni Kyerematen et Andersen, 2002 HT, PT m<br />
323 Rheotanytarsus jongkindi Kyerematen et Sæther, 2000 HT m<br />
321 Rheotanytarsus kjaeranderseni Kyerematen et Sæther, 2000 HT, PT m, f, p, l<br />
333 Rheotanytarsus koraensis Kyerematen et al., 2000 HT, PT m<br />
326 Rheotanytarsus kuantanensis Kyerematen et al., 2000 HT, PT m<br />
338 Rheotanytarsus kusii Kyerematen et Andersen, 2002 HT m<br />
316 Rheotanytarsus longicornus Kyerematen et Sæther, 2000 HT f, p<br />
339 Rheotanytarsus minusculus Kyerematen, 2000 in Kyerematen<br />
et al. 2000 HT m<br />
339 Rheotanytarsus nuamae Kyerematen et Andersen, 2002 HT m<br />
Rheotanytarsus orientalis Moubayed, 1989 HT m<br />
330 Rheotanytarsus pallidus Kyerematen et al., 2000 HT, PT m<br />
Rheotanytarsus pantanalensis Andersen et Kyerematen, 2001 PT m<br />
331 Rheotanytarsus phaselus Kyerematen et al., 2000 HT m<br />
314 Rheotanytarsus plerunguis Kyerematen et Sæther, 2000 HT, PT m<br />
343 Rheotanytarsus ramirezae Kyerematen et Andersen, 2002 HT, PT m, p<br />
315 Rheotanytarsus remus Kyerematen et Sæther, 2000 HT m<br />
324 Rheotanytarsus sessilipersonatus Kyerematen et al., 2000 HT m<br />
340 Rheotanytarsus scutulatus Kyerematen et Andersen, 2002 HT, PT m<br />
325 Rheotanytarsus soelii Kyerematen et al., 2000 HT m<br />
344 Rheotanytarsus subtilis Kyerematen et Andersen, 2002 HT, PT m<br />
124 Rheotanytarsus thailandensis Moubayed, 1990 HT m<br />
335 Rheotanytarsus thunesi Kyerematen et Andersen, 2002 HT, PT m<br />
318 Rheotanytarsus transversus Kyerematen et Sæther, 2000 HT, PT f, p<br />
327 Rheotanytarsus verticillus Kyerematen et al., 2000 HT m<br />
266 Seppia trifurca Ekrem et Sæther 1999 HT, PT m<br />
Skutzia gaianii Andersen, 2000 PT m<br />
353 Tanytarsus ankasaensis Ekrem, 2001 HT m<br />
364 Tanytarsus calorifontis Ekrem, 2002 HT, PT m, p<br />
Tanytarsus elisabethae Ekrem, 2001 PT m, f, p, l<br />
Tanytarsus harei Ekrem, 2001 PT m<br />
304 Tanytarsus kakumensis Ekrem, 1999 HT m<br />
351 Tanytarsus mancospinosus Ekrem et Reiss, 1999<br />
in Ekrem et al. 1999 HT, PT m, f, p, l<br />
Tanytarsus minimus Guha et al., 1985 PT m<br />
Tanytarsus minutipalpus Ekrem et Harrison, 1999 PT m, f<br />
Tanytarsus monospinosus Ekrem et Reiss, 1999 PT m<br />
305 Tanytarsus pseudocongus Ekrem, 1999 HT, PT m<br />
306 Tanytarsus saetheri Ekrem, 1999 HT, PT m<br />
307 Tanytarsus spiesi Ekrem, 1999 HT m<br />
308 Tanytarsus superpenicillatus Ekrem, 1999 HT, PT m<br />
125 Tanytarsus thaicus Moubayed, 1990 HT, PT m, p<br />
309 Tanytarsus tossai Ekrem, 1999 HT, PT m<br />
Tanytarsus tumultuarius Ekrem et Reiss, 1999 PT m<br />
352 Tanytarsus usambarae Stur et Ekrem, 2000 HT, PT m<br />
Virgatanytarsus ansatus Reiss, 1984b PT m<br />
23
Notes<br />
The following species has been synonymised<br />
or placed in other genera:<br />
1) L. hudsoni Sæther, 1975 was synonymised<br />
with L. minimus (Meigen) by Sæther<br />
(1990).<br />
2) L. nudiradius Sæther, 1975 was<br />
synonymised with L. natalensis<br />
(Kieffer) by Sæther (1990).<br />
3) L. spatulosus Sæther, 1975 was<br />
synonymised with L. brachytomus<br />
(Kieffer) by Sæther (1990).<br />
4) Phycoidella Sæther, 1971 is a junior<br />
synonym of Acamptocladius Brundin<br />
(Cranston & Sæther 1982)<br />
5) Rheosmittia halvorseni Cranston & Sæther,<br />
1986 belongs in Krenosmittia<br />
Thienemann & Krüger (Tuiskunen &<br />
Lideberg 1986).<br />
6) A separate genus Onconeura Andersen et<br />
Sæther has been erected for T.<br />
semifimbriata Sæther, 1981 and new,<br />
related species (Andersen & Sæther,<br />
in press).<br />
7) Tokunagayusurika Sasa, 1978 is a junior<br />
synonym of Propsilocerus Kieffer<br />
(Sæther & Wang 1996).<br />
8) Oschia Sæther, 1983 is a junior synonym of<br />
Kloosia Kruseman (Cranston et al.<br />
1989).<br />
Acknowledgement<br />
We are indebted to Prof. Ole A. Sæther for<br />
reading and correcting the present list<br />
repeatedly. Funding for compiling the list was<br />
given by the 'Det alminnelige<br />
naturvitenskapelige forskningsfond,' (The<br />
general natural science research fund),<br />
University of Bergen.<br />
References<br />
ADAM, J.I. & SÆTHER, O.A. 1999. Revision of the<br />
genus Nilothauma Kieffer, 1921 (Diptera:<br />
Chironomidae). - Ent. scand., Suppl. 56: 1-107.<br />
ADAM, J.I. & SÆTHER, O.A. 2000. Paranilothauma<br />
strebulosa sp.n. from Costa Rica (Diptera:<br />
Chironomidae). Pp. 19-23 in: Hoffrichter, O.<br />
(ed.): Late 20th century research on<br />
Chironomidae: an anthology from the 13th<br />
international symposium on Chironomidae. -<br />
Shaker Verl., Aachen, 661 pp.<br />
ANDERSEN, T. 1996a. New Species of Diplosmittia<br />
Sæther, 1981 from Costa Rica (Chironomidae,<br />
Orthocladiinae). - Acta zool. Hung. 42: 127-132.<br />
ANDERSEN, T. 1996b. A new species of<br />
Monodiamesa Kieffer, 1922 from southern Chile<br />
24<br />
(Diptera: Chironomidae: Prodiamesinae). - Rev.<br />
Chilena Ent. 23: 43-49.<br />
ANDERSEN, T. 2000. A new species of Skutzia<br />
Reiss, 1985 (Chironomidae: Tanytarsini) from<br />
Henri Pittier National Park, Venezuela. - Bol.<br />
Entomol. Venez. 15: 119-125.<br />
ANDERSEN, T.. & C<strong>ON</strong>TRERAS-RAMOS, A. 1999.<br />
First record of Antillocladius Sæther from<br />
continental South America (Chironomidae,<br />
Orthocladiinae). - Acta zool. Hung. 45: 149-154.<br />
ANDERSEN, T. & KRISTOFFERSEN, L. 1998. New<br />
species of Xestochironomus Sublette and Wirth<br />
(Chironomidae: Chironominae) from Chile and<br />
Costa Rica. - J. Kansas ent. Soc. 71: 296-303.<br />
ANDERSEN, T. & KYEREMATEN, R.A.K. 2001.<br />
South American Rheotanytarsus Thienemann et<br />
Bause, with the description of one new species<br />
(Diptera: Chironomidae). - Norw. J. Entomol.<br />
48: 269-274.<br />
ANDERSEN, T. & MENDES, H.F. 2002a. New<br />
species and records of the Axarus "rogersigroup"<br />
from South and Central America<br />
(Diptera, Chironomidae). - Acta zool. Hung. 48:<br />
79-84.<br />
ANDERSEN, T. & MENDES, H.F. 2002b. Neotropical<br />
and Mexican Mesosmittia Brundin, with the<br />
description of four new species (Insecta, Diptera,<br />
Chironomidae). - Spixiana 25: 55-69.<br />
ANDERSEN, T. & SCHNELL, Ø.A. 2000. New<br />
species of Bryophaenocladius Thienemann, 1934<br />
from Tanzania, with bare squama (Diptera:<br />
Chironomidae). - Aquat. Insects 22: 48-57.<br />
ANDERSEN, T. & SÆTHER, O.A. 1993a. Colosmittia<br />
clavata gen.n., sp.n., a new orthoclad from the<br />
West Usambara Mountains, Tanzania (Diptera:<br />
Chironomidae). - J. Kansas ent. Soc. 66: 439-<br />
443.<br />
ANDERSEN, T. & SÆTHER, O.A. 1993b. Lerheimia,<br />
a new genus of Orthocladiinae from Africa<br />
(Diptera, Chironomidae). - Spixiana 16: 105-<br />
112.<br />
ANDERSEN, T. & SÆTHER, O.A. 1994a.<br />
Usambaromyia nigrala gen.n., sp.n., and<br />
Usambaromyiinae, a new subfamily among the<br />
Chironomidae (Diptera). - Aquat. Insects 16: 21-<br />
29.<br />
ANDERSEN, T. & SÆTHER, O.A. 1994b. The first<br />
record of Buchonomyia Fittkau and the<br />
subfamily Buchonomyiinae from the New World<br />
(Diptera: Chironomidae). Pp. 363-367 in: P.<br />
Cranston (ed.): Chironomids: from genes to<br />
ecosystems. - CSIRO Australia, 482 pp.<br />
ANDERSEN, T. & SÆTHER, O.A. 1996. New species<br />
and records of Beardius Reiss et Sublette<br />
(Diptera: Chironomidae). - Annls Limnol. 32: 33-<br />
44.<br />
ANDERSEN, T. & SÆTHER, O.A. 1997. First record<br />
of Manoa Fittkau and the tribe<br />
Pseudochironomini Sæther from the Afrotropical<br />
region (Diptera: Chironomidae: Chironomiae). -<br />
Ent. scand. 28: 311-317.<br />
ANDERSEN, T. & SÆTHER, O.A. (in press).<br />
Onconeura, a new Neotropical orthoclad genus<br />
(Diptera: Chironomidae). - Mem. Inst. Oswaldo<br />
Cruz 00: 00-00.
ANDERSEN, T. & WANG, X. 1997. Darkwinged<br />
Heleniella Gowin, 1943 from Thailand and<br />
China (Insecta, Diptera, Chironomidae,<br />
Orthocladiinae). - Spixiana 20: 151-160.<br />
ARMITAGE, P.D. 1985. A new species of the genus<br />
Limnophyes Eaton from S.E. England (Diptera,<br />
Chironomidae). In: Fittkau, E.J. (ed.): Beiträge<br />
zur Systematik der Chironomidae, Diptera. -<br />
Spixiana, Suppl. 11: 139-142.<br />
BRUNDIN, L. & SÆTHER, O.A. 1978. Buchonomyia<br />
burmanica sp.n. and Buchonomyiinae, a new<br />
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CHAUDHURI, P.K., DEBNATH, R.K. & NANDI, S.K.<br />
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CHAUDHURI, P.K. & GHOSH, M. 1980. The<br />
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CHAUDHURI, P.K. & GHOSH, M 1981. A new genus<br />
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CHAUDHURI, P.K. & GHOSH, M. 1982. Record of<br />
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CHAUDHURI, P.K., GUHA, D.K. & DAS GUPTA,<br />
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CHAUDHURI, P.K. & SINHARAY, D.C. 1983. A<br />
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CHAUDHURI, P.K. & SINHARAY, D.C. 1987. A<br />
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CRANST<strong>ON</strong>, P.S. & EDWARD, D.H.D. 1999.<br />
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CRANST<strong>ON</strong>, P.S. & SÆTHER, O.A. 1986.<br />
Rheosmittia (Diptera: Chironomidae): a generic<br />
25<br />
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EKREM, T. & REISS, F. 1999. Two new Tanytarsus<br />
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EKREM, T., REISS, F. & LANGT<strong>ON</strong>, P.H. 1999.<br />
Tanytarsus mancospinosus sp.n. (Diptera:<br />
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EKREM, T. & SÆTHER, O.A. 1999. Seppia, a new<br />
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Male, female, pupa and biology of Oliveridia<br />
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Afrotropical species of Parakiefferiella<br />
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FITTKAU, E.J. & MURRAY, D.A. 1983.<br />
Pentaneurella katterjokki, eine neue Gattung und<br />
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Nachbl. Bayerischen Ent. 32: 57-63.<br />
GHOSH, M. & CHAUDHURI, P.K. 1983. Indian<br />
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GUHA, D.K. & CHAUDHURI, P.K. 1981.<br />
Microchironomus clarilatus sp. nov. (Diptera,<br />
Chironomidae) from West Bengal, India. - Bull.<br />
zool. Surv. India 4: 143-145.<br />
GUHA, D.K., DAS, S.K., CHAUDHURI, P.K. &<br />
CHAUDHURI, D.K. 1985. Chironomid midges of<br />
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Proc. Natn. Acad. Sci. India 55: 22-38.<br />
HALVORSEN, G.A. 1982. Saetheriella amplicristata<br />
gen.n., sp.n., a new Orthocladiinae (Diptera:<br />
Chironomidae) from Tennessee. - Aquat. Insects<br />
4: 131-136.<br />
HESTENES, T.C. & SÆTHER, O.A. 2000. Three new<br />
Nearctic Thienemanniella Kieffer species with a<br />
review of the Nearctic species. Pp. 103-127 in:<br />
Hoffrichter, O. (ed.): Late 20th century research<br />
on Chironomidae: an anthology from the 13th
international Symposium on Chironomidae. -<br />
Shaker Verl., Aachen, 661 pp.<br />
KYEREMATEN, R.A.K. & ANDERSEN, T. 2002.<br />
Rheotanytarsus Thienemann et Bause (Diptera:<br />
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KYEREMATEN, R.A.K., ANDERSEN, T. & SÆTHER,<br />
O.A. 2000. A review of Oriental Rheotanytarsus<br />
Thienemann et Bause, with descriptions of some<br />
new species (Insecta, Diptera, Chironomidae). -<br />
Spixiana 23: 225-258.<br />
KYEREMATEN, R.A.K. & SÆTHER, O.A. 2000. A<br />
review of Afrotropical Rheotanytarsus<br />
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KYEREMATEN, R.A.K., SÆTHER, O.A. &<br />
ANDERSEN, T. 2000. A review of the<br />
Rheotanytarsus pellucidus group (Diptera:<br />
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(ed.): Late 20th century research on<br />
Chironomidae: an anthology from the 13th<br />
international symposium on Chironomidae. -<br />
Shaker Verl., Aachen, 661 pp.<br />
LANGT<strong>ON</strong>, P. & COBO, F. 1997. Metriocnemus<br />
(Inermipupa) carmencitabertarum subgen.n.,<br />
sp.n. (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Spain and<br />
Portugal. - Entomologist’s Gaz. 48: 263-271.<br />
LANGT<strong>ON</strong>, P.H. & MOUBAYED, J. 2001.<br />
Limnophyes roquehautensis sp.n. and L.<br />
inanispatina sp.n. from southern France<br />
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3-8.<br />
MOUBAYED, Z. 1989. Descriptions of five new<br />
species of Chironomidae (Dipt., Chironomidae)<br />
from the Near East and the Oriental region. -<br />
Acta biol. Debr. oecol. Hung. 2: 275-283.<br />
MOUBAYED, Z. 1990. Chironomids from running<br />
waters of Thailand: description of<br />
Rheotanytarsus thailandensis sp.n. and<br />
Tanytarsus thaicus sp.n. (Dipt., Chironomidae). -<br />
Hydrobiologia 203: 29-33.<br />
OLIVER, D.R. 1977. Bicinctus-group of the genus<br />
Cricotopus Van der Wulp (Diptera:<br />
Chironomidae) in the Nearctic with a description<br />
of a new species. - J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 34: 98-<br />
104.<br />
OLIVER, D.R. 1981. Description of Euryhapsis new<br />
genus including three new species (Diptera:<br />
Chironomidae). - Can. Ent. 113: 711-722.<br />
OLIVER, D.R. 1984. Description of a new species of<br />
Cricotopus Van der Wulp (Diptera:<br />
Chironomidae) associated with Myriophyllum<br />
spicatum. - Can. Ent. 116: 1287-1292.<br />
OLIVER, D.R. 1985. Review of Xylotopus Oliver<br />
and description of Irisobrillia n.gen. (Diptera:<br />
Chironomidae). - Can. Ent. 117: 1093-1110.<br />
OLIVER, D.R & ROUSSEL, M.E. 1983.<br />
Redescription of Brillia Kieffer (Diptera:<br />
Chironomidae) with descriptions of Nearctic<br />
species. - Can. Ent. 115: 257-279.<br />
OYEWO, E.A. & SÆTHER, O.A. 1998. Revision of<br />
Afrotropical Polypedilum Kieffer subgen.<br />
Uresipedilum Sasa et Kikuchi, 1995 (Diptera:<br />
Chironomidae), with a review of the subgenus. -<br />
Annls Limnol. 34: 315-362.<br />
26<br />
REISS, F. 1983. Parapsectra mendli n.sp. (Diptera,<br />
Chironomidae) aus dem Allgäu, Bayern. -<br />
Spixiana 6: 79-81.<br />
REISS, F. 1984a. Neostempellina thienemanni<br />
n.gen., n.sp., eine europäische Chironomide mit<br />
gehäusetragenden Larven (Diptera,<br />
Chironomidae). - Spixiana 7: 203-210.<br />
REISS, F. 1984b. Virgatanytarsus ansatus n.sp. aus<br />
Mitteleuropa und Nordafrika (Diptera,<br />
Chironomidae). - Spixiana 7: 319-322.<br />
REISS, F. & SUBLETTE, J.E. 1985. Beardius new<br />
genus with notes on additional Pan-American<br />
taxa (Diptera, Chironomidae). - Spixiana, Suppl.<br />
11: 179-193.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A. 1969. Some Nearctic Podonominae,<br />
Diamesinae, and Orthocladiinae (Diptera:<br />
Chironomidae). - Bull. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 170:<br />
1-154.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A. 1971. Four new and unusual<br />
Chironomidae (Diptera). - Can. Ent. 103: 1799-<br />
1827.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A 1973. Taxonomy and ecology of<br />
three new species of Monodiamesa Kieffer, with<br />
keys to Nearctic and Palaearctic species of the<br />
genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). - J. Fish. Res.<br />
Bd Can. 30: 665-679.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A. 1975a. Two new species of<br />
Protanypus Kieffer, with keys to Nearctic and<br />
Palaearctic species of the genus (Diptera:<br />
Chironomidae). - J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 32: 367-<br />
388.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A. 1975b. Two new species of<br />
Heterotanytarsus Spärck, with keys to Nearctic<br />
and Palaearctic males and pupae of the genus<br />
(Diptera: Chironomidae). - J. Fish. Res. Bd Can.<br />
32: 259-270.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A. 1975c. Nearctic and Palaearctic<br />
Heterotrissocladius (Diptera: Chironomidae). -<br />
Bull. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 193: 1-67.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A. 1975d. Twelve new species of the<br />
Limnophyes Eaton, with keys to Nearctic males<br />
of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). - Can.<br />
Ent. 107: 1029-1056.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A 1976. Revision of Hydrobaenus,<br />
Trissocladius, Zalutschia, Paratrissocladius and<br />
some related genera (Diptera: Chironomidae). -<br />
Bull. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 195: 1-287.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A. 1977a. Taxonomic studies on<br />
Chironomidae: Nanocladius, Pseudochironomus<br />
and the Harnischia complex. - Bull. Fish. Res.<br />
Bd Can. 196: 1-143.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A. 1977b. Habrobaenus hudsoni n.gen.,<br />
n.sp. and the immatures of Baeoctenus bicolor<br />
Sæther (Diptera: Chironomidae). - J. Fish. Res.<br />
Bd Can. 34: 2354-2361.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A. 1980. The females and immatures of<br />
Paracricotopus Thienemann and Harnisch,<br />
1932, with the description of a new species<br />
(Diptera: Chironomidae). - Aquat. Insects 2:<br />
129-145.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A. 1981a. Compteromesa oconeensis<br />
gen. n., sp. n., a New Prodiamesinae (Diptera:<br />
Chironomidae) from South Carolina. - Aquat.<br />
Insects 3: 193-198.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A. 1981b. Doncricotopus bicaudatus<br />
n.gen., n.sp. (Diptera: Chironomidae:
Orthocladiinae) from the Northwest Territories,<br />
Canada. - Ent. scand. 12: 223-229.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A. 1981c. Orthocladiinae (Diptera:<br />
Chironomidae) from the British West Indies with<br />
descriptions of Antillocladius n.gen.,<br />
Lipurometriocnemus n.gen., Compterosmittia<br />
n.gen., and Diplosmittia n.gen. - Ent. scand.,<br />
Suppl. 16: 1-46.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A. 1982. Orthocladiinae (Diptera:<br />
Chironomidae) from SE U.S.A., with<br />
descriptions of Plhudsonia, Unniella and<br />
Platysmittia n.genera and Atelopodella n.<br />
subgen. - Ent. scand. 13: 465-510.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A. 1983a. Oschia dorsenna n.gen., n.sp.<br />
and Saetheria hirta n.sp., two new members of<br />
the Harnischia complex (Diptera:<br />
Chironomidae). - Ent. scand. 24: 395-404.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A. 1983b. Three new species of<br />
Lopescladius Oliveira, 1967 (syn. "Cordites"<br />
Brundin, 1966, n.syn.), with a phylogeny of the<br />
Parakiefferiella group. - Mem. Amer. Ent. Soc.<br />
34: 279-298.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A. 1983c. A review of Holarctic<br />
Gymnometriocnemus Goetghebuer, 1932, with<br />
the description of Raphidocladius subgen.n. and<br />
Sublettiella gen.n. (Diptera: Chironomidae). -<br />
Aquat. Insects 5: 209-226.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A. 1985a. Redefinition and review of<br />
Thienemannia Kieffer, 1909 (Diptera:<br />
Chironomidae), with the description of T.<br />
pilinucha sp.n. - Aquat. Insects 7: 111-131.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A. 1985b. A review of Odontomesa<br />
Pagast, 1947 (Diptera: Chironomidae). -<br />
Spixiana, Suppl. 11: 15-29.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A. 1985c. Limnophyes er sp.n.<br />
(Diptera: Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae) from<br />
from Finland, with nearctic records of previously<br />
described species. - Ent. scand. 15: 540-544.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A. 1985d. The imagines of Mesosmittia<br />
Brundin, 1956, with description of seven new<br />
species (Diptera, Chironomidae). - Spixiana,<br />
Suppl. 11: 37-54.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A. 1985e. Diplosmittia carinata spec.<br />
nov. from Michigan (Diptera, Chironomidae). -<br />
Spixiana, Suppl. 11: 55-57.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A. 1985f. A review of the genus<br />
Rheocricotopus Thienemann & Harnisch, 1932,<br />
with description of three new species (Diptera,<br />
Chironomidae). - Spixiana, Suppl. 11: 59-108.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A. 1985g. Male and female imagines of<br />
Platysmittia bilyji sp. n. (Diptera: Chironomidae)<br />
from Manitoba, Canada. - Ent. scand. 15: 527-<br />
531.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A. 1985h. Apometriocnemus fontinalis<br />
gen.n. sp.n. (Diptera: Chironomidae,<br />
Orthocladiinae) from Tennessee, U.S.A. - Ent.<br />
scand. 15: 536-539.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A. 1985i. Heleniella parva sp.n.<br />
(Diptera: Chironomidae) from South Carolina<br />
and Tennessee, U.S.A. - Ent. scand. 15: 532-<br />
535.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A. 1989a. Metriocnemus van der Wulp:<br />
a new species and a revision of species described<br />
by Meigen, Zetterstedt, Staeger, Holmgren,<br />
Lundstöm and Strenzke (Diptera:<br />
Chironomidae). - Ent. scand. 19: 393-430.<br />
27<br />
SÆTHER, O.A. 1989b. Two new species of<br />
Hydrobaenus Fries from Massachusetts, U.S.A.<br />
and Japan (Diptera: Chironomidae). - Ent. scand.<br />
20: 55-63.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A. 1990. A review of the genus<br />
Limnophyes Eaton from the Holarctic and<br />
Afrotropical regions (Diptera: Chironomidae,<br />
Orthocladiinae). - Ent. scand., Suppl. 35: 1-139.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A. 1992a. First Palaearctic record of the<br />
orthoclad Plhudsonia Sæther (Diptera:<br />
Chironomidae). - Ent. scand. 22: 379-384.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A. 1992b. First Nearctic record of the<br />
orthoclad genus Tavastia Tuiskunen (Diptera:<br />
Chironomidae). - Ent. scand. 22: 385-388.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A. 1992c. Heterotrissocladius boltoni<br />
sp.n., a new orthoclad from vernal pools and<br />
streams in Ohio, U.S.A. (Diptera:<br />
Chironomidae). - Neth. J. Aquat. Ecol. 26: 191-<br />
196.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A. 1995. Metriocnemus van der Wulp:<br />
seven new species, revision of species, and new<br />
records (Diptera: Chironomidae). - Annls limnol.<br />
31: 35-64.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A. 1996. Afrotropical records of the<br />
orthoclad genus Mesosmittia Brundin (Insecta,<br />
Diptera, Chironomidae). - Spixiana, Suppl. 11:<br />
37-54.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A. & ANDERSEN, T. 1993. Lobosmittia,<br />
a new genus of orthoclads from Tanzania and<br />
Turkey (Diptera: Chironomidae). - Tijdschr. Ent.<br />
136: 283-287.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A. & ANDERSEN, T. 1995. Ionthosmittia<br />
caudiga n.gen. n.sp., a new orthoclad from the<br />
Usambara Mts, Tanzania (Diptera,<br />
Chironomidae). - Trop. Zool. 8: 197-202.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A. & ANDERSEN, T. 1996. First<br />
Afrotropical records of Doithrix and<br />
Georthocladius, with notes on the<br />
Pseudorthocladius group (Diptera:<br />
Chironomidae). - Tijdschr. Ent. 139: 243-256.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A. & ANDERSEN, T. 1998. Friederia, a<br />
new Afrotropical tanytarsine genus (Diptera:<br />
Chironomidae). - Ent. scand. 29: 29-37.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A. & ANDERSEN, T. 1999. Molleriella,<br />
a new terrestrial orthoclad genus from the<br />
Netherlands (Diptera: Chironomidae). - Acta<br />
zool. Hung. 45: 161-168.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A. & SCHNELL, Ø.A. 1988a. Two new<br />
species of the Rheocricotopus (R.) effusus group<br />
(Diptera, Chironomidae). - Spixiana, Suppl. 14:<br />
65-74.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A. & SCHNELL, Ø.A. 1988b.<br />
Heterotrissocladius brundini spec. nov. from<br />
Norway (Diptera, Chironomidae). - Spixiana,<br />
Suppl. 14: 57-64.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A. & SUBLETTE, J. 1983. A review of<br />
the genera Doitrix n.gen., Georthocladius<br />
Strenzke, Parachaetocladius Wülker and<br />
Pseudorthocladius Goetghebuer (Diptera:<br />
Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae). - Ent. scand.,<br />
Suppl. 20: 1-100.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A. & SUNDAL, A. 1999. Cerobregma, a<br />
new subgenus of Polypedilum Kieffer, with a<br />
tentative phylogeny of subgenera and species<br />
groups within Polypedilum (Diptera:
Chironomidae). - J. Kansas ent. Soc. 71: 315-<br />
382.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A. & WANG, X. 1993. Xiaomyia,<br />
Shangomyia and Zhouomyia, three new and<br />
unusual genera of Chironomini from Oriental<br />
China (Diptera: Chinomidae). - Ent. scand. 24:<br />
185-195.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A. & WANG, X. 1995. Revision of the<br />
genus Paraphaenocladius Thienemann, 1924 of<br />
the world (Diptera: Chironomidae,<br />
Orthocladiinae). - Ent. scand., Suppl. 48: 1-69.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A. & WANG, X. 1996. Revision of the<br />
orthoclad genus Propsilocerus Kieffer ( =<br />
Tokunagayusurika Sasa) (Diptera:<br />
Chironomidae). - Ent. scand. 27: 441-479.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A. & WILLASSEN, E. 1987. Four new<br />
species of Diamesa Meigen, 1835 (Diptera:<br />
Chironomidae) from the glaciers of Nepal. - Ent.<br />
scand., Suppl. 29: 189-203.<br />
SÆTHER, O.A. & WILLASSEN, E. 1988. A review of<br />
Lappodiamesa Serra Tosio, with the description<br />
of L. boltoni from Ohio, U.S.A. (Diptera:<br />
Chironomidae). - Spixiana, Suppl. 14: 75-84.<br />
SCHNELL, Ø.A. 1991. A new species of<br />
Bryophaenocladius Thienemann (Diptera:<br />
Chironomidae) from Norway with emendations<br />
to the diagnoses of the genus. - Ent. scand. 21:<br />
435-443.<br />
SCHNELL, Ø.A. & SÆTHER, O.A. 1988.<br />
Vivacricotopus, a new genus of Orthocladiinae<br />
from Norway (Diptera, Chironomidae). -<br />
Spixiana, Suppl. 14: 49-55.<br />
SOP<strong>ON</strong>IS, A.R. 1990. A revision of the Holarctic<br />
species of Orthocladius (Euorthocladius)<br />
(Diptera: Chironomidae). - Spixiana, Suppl. 13:<br />
1-56.<br />
STUR, E. & ANDERSEN, T. 2000. A new<br />
Physoneura Ferrington et Sæther, 1995, from<br />
Ecuador (Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae). -<br />
Norw. J. Entomol. 47: 131-136.<br />
STUR, E. & EKREM, T. 2000. Tanytarsus<br />
usambarae, spec. nov. from West Usambara<br />
Mts., Tanzania, East Africa. - Spixiana 23: 219-<br />
223.<br />
TUISKUNEN, J. & LINDEBERG, B. 1986.<br />
Chironomidae (Diptera) from Fennoscandia<br />
north of 68°N, with a description of ten new<br />
species and two new genera. - Ann. zool. fenn.<br />
23: 361-393.<br />
VÅRDAL, H., BJØRLO, A. & SÆTHER, O.A. 2002.<br />
Afrotropical Polypedilum subgenus Tripodura,<br />
with a review of the subgenus (Diptera:<br />
Chironomidae). - Zool. Scr. 31: 00-00.<br />
WANG, X. 1998. Compterosmittia virga, a new<br />
species from China (Diptera: Chironomidae). -<br />
Acta ent. sin. 41: 95-97.<br />
WANG, X. & HALVORSEN, G.A. 2002. A new<br />
Eukiefferiella Thienemann, 1926 from Northeast<br />
28<br />
China (Diptera, Chironomidae). - Aquat. Insects<br />
24: 123-128.<br />
WANG, X. & SÆTHER, O.A. 1992. Euryhapsis<br />
fuscipropes sp.n. from China and Tokyobrillia<br />
anderseni sp.n. from Tanzania, with a review of<br />
genera near Irisobrillia Oliver (Diptera<br />
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WANG, X. & SÆTHER, O.A. 1993a. First Palaearctic<br />
and Oriental records of the orthoclad genus<br />
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Ent. scand. 24: 227-230.<br />
WANG, X. & SÆTHER, O.A. 1993b. Limnophyes<br />
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WANG, X. & SÆTHER, O.A. 1993c. A new species<br />
of the 'marine' genus Thalassosmittia Strenzke &<br />
Remmert from Xizang (Tibet), China (Diptera:<br />
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WANG, X. & SÆTHER, O.A. 2001. Two new species<br />
of the orientalis group of Rheocricotopus<br />
(Psilocricotopus) from China (Diptera:<br />
Chironomidae). - Hydrobiologia 444: 237-240.<br />
WANG, X. & SÆTHER, O.A. 2002. Hanocladius, a<br />
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WANG, X. , SÆTHER, O.A. & ANDERSEN, T. 2001.<br />
Afrotropical Bryophaenocladius Thienemann,<br />
1934 (Diptera: Chironomidae). - Stud. dipt. 8:<br />
447-462.<br />
WANG, X., ZHENG, L. & JI, B. 1993. A taxonomic<br />
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459-465<br />
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16: 205-212. (In chinese with English summary.)<br />
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WILLASSEN, E. 1985. A review of Diamesa davisi<br />
Edwards and the davisi group. - Spixiana, Suppl.<br />
11: 109-137.<br />
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Thienemann, 1934, with reduced wings (Insecta:<br />
Diptera: Chironomidae). - Ann. Naturhist. Mus.<br />
Wien 98: 507-512.<br />
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Afrotropical montane midges (Diptera,<br />
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REARING TANYPODINAE, TELMATOGET<strong>ON</strong>INAE AND ORTHOCLADIINAE IN<br />
BRAZIL – AN EMPIRICAL APPROACH.<br />
This text reflects my experience in rearing<br />
chironomids in Brazil.<br />
Just after sorting, the larvae were isolated in<br />
small vials in order to be sure about the<br />
associations. The vials stayed open and as soon<br />
as the larvae became pupae, the larval exuviae<br />
was fixed and the pupa transferred to a larger<br />
container with a lower superficial tension<br />
(provided by the superficial area) so they could<br />
emerge. The vials suggested by EPLER (1995;<br />
2001) and by MERRIT, RESH & CUMMINS<br />
(1996) weren’t efficient for most of the<br />
chironomids I’ve tried unsuccessfully to rear.<br />
Transport from field to laboratory:<br />
I’ve got good results with isolated larvae in ice<br />
coolers to keep the temperature low. The water<br />
level in the vials must be low so it facilitates<br />
gas exchange and prevent mechanical shock,<br />
and a substratum should be provided for the<br />
larvae (avoiding extra stress).<br />
Temperature in the laboratory:<br />
Most chironomids live well at room<br />
temperatures, even the ones collected in<br />
streams. The main problem is not the<br />
temperature, but the water level which is<br />
related to oxygen. I’ve reared some fastflowing<br />
chironomids with very low water<br />
levels in the vials.<br />
Association of the larvae with the<br />
environment:<br />
The chironomids associated with soft substrata,<br />
as a whole, need at least a fine layer of<br />
substratum where they can move and build<br />
their tubes. Coelotanypodini and Procladiini<br />
don`t build tubes, but they arrange the<br />
sediment into “paths” in which they can hide.<br />
The chironomids associated with submerged<br />
vegetation and macrophytes need an<br />
appropriate substratum to live on. An easy way<br />
to solve this problems is to incorporate some<br />
small leaf pieces to serve as substratum for the<br />
larvae.<br />
Most of orthoclads live in streams, springs and<br />
other fast flowing waters. One easy way to rear<br />
them is by keeping them in small vials with<br />
By Humberto Fonseca Mendes<br />
Departamento de Biologia da FFCLRP/USP<br />
Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 Ribeirão Preto – SP<br />
CEP 14040-901<br />
E-mail: hfmendes@usp.br<br />
29<br />
shallow water, another way is by placing them<br />
in a flowing water system with enough oxygen.<br />
Many orthoclads live in “non-aquatic”<br />
environments (some are semi-aquatic, semiterrestrial,<br />
terrestrial or marine) in these special<br />
environments, rearing methods must be as<br />
similar as possible to the environments where<br />
they were collected.<br />
In streams and fast flowing waters the larvae<br />
must be sorted as soon as possible, these<br />
environments are generally very rich in oxygen<br />
and the larvae are very demanding in this<br />
parameter. The vials must be with little water,<br />
generally when full of it, the relationship of<br />
depth to surface area is such that there isn’t<br />
enough oxygen provided. Another way to do<br />
this is keeping the animals in flowing water.<br />
Larvae of slow flowing to standing waters are,<br />
generally, more resistant to oxygen depletion,<br />
some can survive in very low concentrations of<br />
oxygen, like Chironomus. Most of these<br />
animals require a fine layer of sediment in the<br />
bottom of the vial. Some animals from<br />
standing waters and pools live on macrophytes,<br />
stones, dead leaves and submerged trunks, for<br />
them the best was to take a piece of leaf to set<br />
in the vials with the larvae.<br />
Phytotelmata are generally good sources for<br />
chironomids. I’ve collected some chironomids<br />
in the leaf axils of bromeliads, and the best<br />
results were obtained by washing the<br />
substratum with a sieve as soon as it was taken<br />
from the leaf. Washing can be conducted with<br />
filtered water. Also, the animals might be<br />
placed in a white tray, sorted and isolated in<br />
the field. For more about phytotelmata<br />
chironomids see FRANK (1983).<br />
The mining chironomids, like<br />
Stenochironomus, should never be taken out of<br />
their places; most of them aren’t able to<br />
continue mining after they have been taken<br />
out. One way to solve this problem is to keep<br />
some submerged trunks and leaves in the<br />
laboratory (emergence trails) and wait till the<br />
animals emerge. More information on the<br />
Chironomidae associated with submerged
trunks in Brazil have been provided by<br />
TRIVINHO-STRIXINO & STRIXINO (1998).<br />
To feed or not to feed? That is the question<br />
If one wants to rear animals from the early<br />
instars, one must feed the larvae. But, on the<br />
other hand, if all one wants to do is to rear<br />
some adults, fourth instar larvae isolated in<br />
small containers will generally pupate and<br />
some of these will emerge without having been<br />
fed. But some comments are required: Even<br />
some prepupae larvae of tanypods and<br />
orthoclads aren’t able to pupate without<br />
feeding, or they aren’t able to emerge, and I<br />
prefer to feed the larvae to get better results.<br />
Terrestrial Environments:<br />
Part of the environment must be sampled as a<br />
whole, with part of the substratum. When<br />
working with mosses on rocks and trunks, the<br />
moss must be taken off without damaging the<br />
animals, knives help sometimes.<br />
Once sampled, the material must be handled<br />
very carefully in order not to kill the larvae.<br />
The mosses must be cut into pieces so they fit<br />
well in Petri dishes, paying attention to the<br />
height of the sample, with scissors one may cut<br />
off the top and bottom of the moss.<br />
Dead leaves may be very good for<br />
chironomids, so collecting them must be a<br />
good choice. They can be used to collect live<br />
material to rear, so the entire sample must be<br />
placed in Petri dishes to rear. As soon as the<br />
adults dry their wings, they are killed and the<br />
pupal and larval exuviae found. The more time<br />
one leaves before looking for the exuviae, the<br />
more difficult it is to find them, since the<br />
exuviae might sink.<br />
Terrestrial chironomids don’t need to be<br />
replaced after pupating, they can emerge in<br />
small dishes. When using closed vials don’t<br />
forget to open it daily!<br />
One clever method that helps sorting the pupal<br />
exuviae is to fill up the Petri dishes with water.<br />
Some pupal exuviae will float, but not all of<br />
them, so that`s an alternative to be used after<br />
trying to find the exuviae under a<br />
stereomicroscope. This method does not<br />
damage the larvae nor the pupae, they can<br />
survive in water up to 3 hours: if not found<br />
within that time after flooding the sample, it is<br />
not worth continuing the search. Sometimes<br />
the larvae must be sorted and isolated to be<br />
sure about the associations with pupa and<br />
adults, especially when working with more<br />
than one species in the same genera. In<br />
Bryophaeocladius, Gymnometriocnemus and<br />
Antillocladius the larval exuviae can easily be<br />
30<br />
found near the pupal exuviae or the pupa itself.<br />
My own experience with these genera shows<br />
that one can only be sure about the associations<br />
just when working with isolated material,<br />
because very often I found two or more species<br />
in the same sample.<br />
How to obtain a sterile terrestrial sediment:<br />
Most of the terrestrial orthoclads I’ve reared<br />
lived among mosses and tree trunk lichens,<br />
which can be easily sterilised of insects by<br />
putting some water and letting it dry for a<br />
week and repeat the dehydration twice more.<br />
This will provide a sterile substratum on which<br />
the larvae might be reared.. But pay attention<br />
to drought tolerant larvae! Most of the drought<br />
tolerant larvae don’t die with this method, then<br />
I sorted the substratum under a<br />
stereomicroscope to be sure there was only one<br />
larva in each vial.<br />
Marine environment:<br />
The only marine larvae I found and tried to<br />
rear was Thalassomyia, but none was<br />
successfully reared. The water dried out too<br />
fast so no larvae could survive. I haven´t tested<br />
the filter-aquarium suggested by BAY, 1967.<br />
Supporting cultures:<br />
Algae. Algae are needed to feed many larvae,<br />
specially when one has third instar larvae and<br />
has to rear them till adult. Many algae can be<br />
good sources for chironomids. One must<br />
choose the algae according to the aims. I’ve<br />
chosen to cultivate three different species:<br />
Ankistrodesmus, Scenedesmus and<br />
Chlamydomonas.<br />
Rotifera. Some rotifers might be collected with<br />
the substratum, and they can be cultivated<br />
adding some organic nutrients, such as dried<br />
leaves and rice grains, to filtered water.<br />
Sometimes benthic colonial species are better<br />
to feed the larvae.<br />
Oligochaeta. These animals might be easily<br />
cultivated. Those associated with leaves might<br />
be cultivated with some detritus and leaves<br />
from the place where they were collected. This<br />
is a good source of food for chironomids since<br />
one single specimen might be enough food for<br />
about 7 tanypods. The animals must be cut into<br />
pieces before being given to the chironomids<br />
and must be offered in pots. This method both<br />
protects the chironomids from the Oligochaeta<br />
mucus, which attaches to the mouth and kills<br />
the larvae; and prevents water pollution since<br />
the extra food is taken out immediately.<br />
Chironomus spp. Some egg masses can be got<br />
in lakes. Some species have been cultivated as
laboratory insects, and the first and second<br />
instars are very good food sources for third and<br />
fourth instar tanypods.<br />
Importance of Isolated material:<br />
Quite often there are more than one species of<br />
the same genus living in the same habitat, so<br />
rearings are from isolated larvae; this method<br />
will ensure correct associations of the adults<br />
with the larval and pupal exuviae. I’ve already<br />
found seven species of the same genus in the<br />
littoral zone of one lake (Labrundinia).<br />
Another way to ensure associations without<br />
isolating, is to get larvae from egg masses or<br />
pregnant females, for those, the methods<br />
described by BRANCH (1923), CREDLAND<br />
(1973), EDWARD (1963) BIEVER (1965)and<br />
DOWNE & CASPARY (1973) work very well.<br />
Notes on the reared material:<br />
Orthocladiinae<br />
Antillocladius, Bryophaenocladius, Gymnometriocnemus<br />
and Orthocladiinae new Genus<br />
(being described by Morraye & Sæther). No<br />
additional food is required for these larvae.<br />
They feed on the sediment and substratum. All<br />
species I’ve already reared fed on sediment<br />
and decomposed lichens and bryophytes. Very<br />
often there are more than one species of<br />
Bryophaenocladius in the same sample, so be<br />
sure there is only one larva in the vial.<br />
Corynoneura, Onconeura (Andersen &<br />
Sæther, in press) and Thienemanniella. This<br />
are very easy to rear as the larvae feed on<br />
flavoured fish food. One must pay attention to<br />
how much is required, and be sure it won’t<br />
decompose and waste the water oxygen<br />
(specially by Thienemanniella). The<br />
Corynoneura-group and some other genera<br />
build transparent cocoons for the pupa. Taking<br />
the pupa out of these cocoons can be very<br />
difficult without damaging the pupa, so the<br />
entire dish where the larva became pupa must<br />
go into the bigger container. Some animals of<br />
this group emerge in the vials suggested by<br />
EPLER (1995), but many Thienemanniella<br />
don’t.<br />
Cricotopus. The larvae become adult if fed<br />
with periphyton attached to roots and<br />
submerged leaves, which must be taken with<br />
the collection of the larvae.<br />
Ichthyocladius. These animals live on catfish<br />
and must stay there till the adults emerge. Each<br />
fish may have only one larva on it (to prevent<br />
wrong associations) and must stay in an<br />
isolated aquarium with a net covering. The fish<br />
must be fed with periphyton and one doesn’t<br />
31<br />
have to be worried about feeding the<br />
orthoclads. As soon as the pupae emerge, the<br />
adults must be killed, the pupal exuviae will<br />
remain on the water surface and the larval<br />
exuviae will remain in the cocoon attached to<br />
the fish.<br />
Tanypodinae<br />
Ablabesmyia. These larvae may be fed with<br />
dead chironomid larvae, small living larvae<br />
and pieces of Oligochaeta. I’ve already reared<br />
larvae from second instar till adults feeding<br />
them only with Oligochaeta.<br />
Coelotanypus and Clinotanypus. Most of the<br />
larvae were fed with sediment detritus and first<br />
instar of Chironomini.<br />
Conchapelopia and Pentaneura. The larvae<br />
were fed with Oligochaeta only.<br />
Fittkauimyia. These animals generally won’t<br />
finish the development without being fed with<br />
other chironomids or Oligochaeta.<br />
Labrundinia. The only way to rear these<br />
animals was with feeding them with algae and<br />
colonial benthic rotifers. I’ve got some animals<br />
from eggs to adults feeding them this way.<br />
Larsia. Many species of this genus can be fed<br />
only with parts of Oligochaeta.<br />
Monopelopia. This is a difficult genus that can<br />
feed on live animals or on detritus. All species<br />
I’ve reared from Phytotelmata fed on detritus<br />
and some drops of detritus were sufficient to<br />
get adults from second instar larvae.<br />
Acknowledgements:<br />
This study was supported by the State of São<br />
Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) (project<br />
00/05903-9 and project 98/05073-4) within the<br />
BIOTA/FAPESP – The Biodiversity Virtual<br />
Institute Program (www.biotasp.org.br). Some<br />
critics on this manuscript deserve mention,<br />
among them, Adriano S. Melo, Sofia<br />
Wiedenbrug and Claudio Froehlich.<br />
References:<br />
BAY, E. C. 1967. An inexpensive filter-aquarium<br />
for rearing and experimenting with aquatic<br />
invertebrates.- Turtox News 45: 146-148.<br />
BIEVER, K. D. 1965. A rearing technique for the<br />
colonization of chironomid midges.- Ann. Ent.<br />
Soc. Am. 58:135-136.<br />
BRANCH, H. E. 1923. The life history of<br />
Chironomus cristatus Fabr. With descriptions of<br />
the species.- J. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 1:15-30.<br />
CREDLAND, P. F. 1973. A new method for<br />
stablishing a permanent laboratory culture of<br />
Chironomus riparius MEIGEN (Diptera:<br />
Chironomidae).- Freshwater Biol. 3:45-51.
DOWNE, E. R. A. & V. G. CASPARY 1973. The<br />
swarming behavior of Chironomus riparius<br />
(Diptera: Chironomidae) in the laboratory.- Can<br />
Ent. 105:165-171<br />
EDWARD, D. H. D. 1963. The biology of a<br />
parthenogenetic species of Lundstroemia<br />
(Diptera: Chironomidae), with descriptions of<br />
immatures stages.- Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond.(A)<br />
38:165-170.<br />
EPLER, J. H. 1995. Identification manual for the<br />
larval Chironomidae (Diptera) of Florida.<br />
Revised edition. FL Dept. Environ. Protection,<br />
Tallahassee, FL. 317 pp<br />
EPLER, J. H. 2001. Identification manual for the<br />
larval Chironomidae (Diptera) of North and<br />
South Carolina. First edition. FL Dept. Environ.<br />
Protection, Tallahassee, FL. 526p.<br />
FRANK, J. H 1983. Bromeliad phytotelmata and<br />
their biota, especially mosquitoes. In: FRANK, J.<br />
H. & L. P. LOUNIBOS (eds) Phytotelmata:<br />
Terrestrial plants as hosts for aquatic insect<br />
32<br />
communities.- Plexus Publishing, Medford, 101-<br />
128p.<br />
MERRIT, R. W; H. V. RESH & K. W. CUMMINS.<br />
1996. Design of aquatic insect studies: collecting<br />
sampling and rearing procedures.- In: MERRIT,<br />
R. W. & CUMMINS, K. W. (eds). An Introduction<br />
to the Aquatic Insects of North America.<br />
Kendall/Hunt, Dubuque Iwoa, 862p.<br />
TRIVINHO-STRIXINO, S. & G. STRIXINO 1998.<br />
(Chironomidae, Diptera) associados a troncos de<br />
árvores sumersos. - Rev. Bras. Ent. 41: 173-178.<br />
[Editorial comment: I have been very<br />
successfully using the techniques described<br />
here for a quarter of a century. Although I<br />
described the technique in my PhD thesis,<br />
embarrassingly I never got around to<br />
publishing them. Humberto has done us a<br />
service by recording these techniques in print.<br />
PHL]<br />
CHIR<strong>ON</strong>OMIDS AND THEIR BUCCAL DEFORMITIES FOUND IN MAGDALENA<br />
RIVER CATCHMENT (COLOMBIA) AND THE DELICACY OF SPATIAL SCALES<br />
IN THE TROPICS.<br />
H.W. Riss 1 , L.B. Nazarova 2 , and R. Ospina T. 3<br />
1)University of Muenster, Institute of Animal Evolution and Ecology<br />
(riss@uni-muenster.de)<br />
2)Kazan State University, Faculty of Ecology (larisa.nazarova@ksu.ru)<br />
3)National University of Colombia, Department of Biology (rospina@ciencias.ciencias.unal.edu.co)<br />
The present study investigated the chironomid<br />
fauna from three stretches of the river<br />
Magdalena basin: the mouth lagoons at Santa<br />
Marta, the floodplain lakes of the middle sector<br />
at Mompox and the river Bogotá up to its<br />
headwater.<br />
The biological communities of the Ciénaga de<br />
Santa Marta have been studied already for<br />
some decades, owing to the severe<br />
anthropogenic impacts on this extensive<br />
aestuary lagoon system at the Caribbean coast<br />
of Colombia. To aid recuperation water is<br />
diverted from the Magdalena river through<br />
artificial channels which causes a high<br />
sediment import and, consequently, an<br />
accumulation of particle-bound toxic<br />
substances, predominantly heavy metals<br />
(PERDOMO 1998). However, concentration of<br />
heavy metals in sediments was only slightly<br />
increased in comparison to other tropical sites<br />
(NAZAROVA et al. in press), but still five to ten<br />
times lower than in the middle stretch of the<br />
river Rhine (STEGGER et al. 2002).<br />
Macroinvertebrate samples were taken from<br />
sediments and plant surfaces. The chironomid<br />
communities (21 species/morpho-species)<br />
were dominated by Goeldichironomus carus,<br />
G. devineyae, 3 species of Chironomus, 1<br />
species of Larsia, and a non-identified<br />
tanypodid species. The occurrence of<br />
Fissimentum desiccatum is worth mentioning.<br />
The frequency of buccal deformities found in<br />
larvae was 21 percent in average, which<br />
represents a conspicuously high proportion<br />
(NAZAROVA et al. in press).<br />
With respect to these findings more samples<br />
were investigated from oxbow lagoons of the<br />
river Magdalena and from the river Bogotá,<br />
which accounts for a major part of the<br />
contamination by domestic and industrial<br />
waste water introduced into the basin. Over<br />
both reaches heavy metal concentrations in the<br />
sediments varied over a wide range, reflecting<br />
moderate to high contamination (NAZAROVA<br />
et al. in press), i.e. comparable to river Rhine<br />
sediments (STEGGER et al. 2002).<br />
In the warm lowland stretches chironomid<br />
communities (16 sp./msp.) were dominated by<br />
several species of Chironomus,<br />
Goeldichironomus and Beardius. In contrast to<br />
the significantly high level of organic and<br />
heavy metal contamination deformity<br />
frequencies ranged from 1.3 to 9 percent only.
In the temperate highlands, species of<br />
Polypedilum, Parachironomus, as well as<br />
orthocladiids (Limnophyes, Orthocladius etc.)<br />
dominated the community (24 sp./msp.).<br />
Likewise to the above, deformity frequencies<br />
varied between 2.0 and 8 percent.<br />
The results nearly force the conclusion that the<br />
frequency of buccal deformities in chironomid<br />
larvae cannot be explained by a simple<br />
correlation with heavy metal concentrations in<br />
the studied area. As a first approach, two<br />
reasons for this can be assumed: Firstly, heavy<br />
metals represent only one of the possible<br />
stressors which may induce deformities<br />
(NAZAROVA et al. 2001, VERMEULEN 1995,<br />
WARWICK 1988). Actually there are no data<br />
about other agents in the region, and far less do<br />
we know about the role of synergisms on a<br />
small spatial scale (e.g. the coincidence with<br />
oxygen depletion, sediment particle structure<br />
etc.). After all, organic contamination and thus<br />
high heterotrophic activity, is a crucial factor<br />
that determines the structure of the benthic<br />
community in streams and rivers of the<br />
investigated region (RISS et al. in press).<br />
Secondly, the study itself covers a large spatial<br />
scale which stretches over distinct climatic and<br />
biogeographic zones. And above all,<br />
environmental conditions between the extreme<br />
sites are hardly comparable due to the<br />
temperature gradient of 18°C on the annual<br />
average.<br />
In spite of these restrictions, bioindicative<br />
assessments like the present one, continue to<br />
be of great interest for national environmental<br />
agencies and so may provide a certain financial<br />
basis for more specific work. Regarding this<br />
topic, the focus of interest should aim more on<br />
synergistic processes in the microhabitat, and<br />
be restricted to one biogeographic region, as<br />
was mentioned above. Even if political<br />
conditions in the country complicate the<br />
realization of such projects, a descriptive<br />
33<br />
approach provides a small, but valuable insight<br />
into ecological and physiological processes<br />
and by this a useful didactic tool for scientific<br />
education.<br />
This work was presented on the 'International<br />
South American Congress of Limnology -<br />
Neolimnos 2002' in Leticia/Colombia with<br />
financial support of the DFG.<br />
Bibliography<br />
NAZAROVA, L.B., H.W. RISS & A. KAHLHEBER:<br />
Some observations of buccal deformities in<br />
chironomid larvae Diptera: Chironomidae) from<br />
the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Colombia. -<br />
Caldasia (in press).<br />
NAZAROVA L.B., L.K. GOVORKOVA, R.M. SABIROV<br />
& Z.V. LATYPOVA 2001. Morphological<br />
deformations of chironomid larvae in assessment<br />
of Kuybishev water reservoir ecological state. -<br />
Environ. Radioecol. App. Ecol. 7 (2) 22-27.<br />
PERDOMO, L., I. ENSMINGER, L.F. ESPINOSA, C.<br />
ELSTER, M. WALLNER-KERSANACH & M.L.<br />
SCHNETTER 1998. The mangrove ecosystem of<br />
the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta Colombia.<br />
Observations on regeneration and trace metals in<br />
sediment. - Mar. Poll. Bull. 37 (8-12) 393-403.<br />
RISS, H.W., R. OSPINA & J.D. GUTIÉRREZ.<br />
Establecimiento de valores de bioindicación para<br />
macroinvertebrados acuáticos de la sabana de<br />
Bogota. - Caldasia (in press).<br />
STEGGER, P., H.W. RISS, E. BLÜBAUM-GR<strong>ON</strong>AU &<br />
E.I. MEYER 2002. Mentum- und<br />
Mandibeldeformationen bei Chironomus-Larven<br />
(Diptera: Chironomidae) als Testkriterium für<br />
Sedimentkontaktteste: Ein kritischer Beitrag. -<br />
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Limnologie (DGL) -<br />
Tagungsbericht 2001 (Kiel), Tutzing 2002: 819-<br />
824.<br />
VERMEULEN A.C. 1995. Elaboration chironomid<br />
deformities as bioindicators of toxic sediment<br />
stress: the potential application of mixture<br />
toxicity concepts. - Ann. Zool. Fenn. 32: 265-<br />
285.<br />
WARWICK W.F. 1988. Morphological deformities<br />
in Chironomidae (Diptera) larvae as biological<br />
indicators of toxic stress. Toxic contaminants<br />
and ecosystem health; A Great Lakes focus. John<br />
Wiley & Sons: 281-320.
THESES<br />
PHD-THESIS <strong>ON</strong> FAUNA, SYSTEMATICS AND DISTRIBUTI<strong>ON</strong> OF<br />
CHIR<strong>ON</strong>OMIDS OF THE TRIBE CHIR<strong>ON</strong>OMINI (DIPTERA, CHIR<strong>ON</strong>OMIDAE)<br />
OF SOUTH PART OF THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST (2002) (IN RUSSIAN)<br />
by Oksana V. Zorina<br />
Institute of Biology and Soil Sciences Far East Branch Russian Academy of Sciences,<br />
690022 Vladivostok, Russia. E-mail: ovz@mailru.com<br />
The taxonomic revision of chironomids of tribe Chironomini is given for the south of Russian Far East<br />
for the first time. As a results 123 species from 33 genera are recognized; 11 species and 1 subgenus<br />
(Miscellanea) new to science are described; 11 species are recorded for the Palaearctic for the first<br />
time; 1 subgenus and 38 species are registered for Russia for the first time; 69 species are collected for<br />
Russian Far East for the first time. The names of 2 species are shown to be synonyms. Descriptions of<br />
previously unknown of female of 10 species and the male of 1 species are given. Preimaginal and<br />
imaginal systems of the tribe Chironomini are compared and consolidated using literature and original<br />
data on the metamorphosis of 51 species that are distributed in the south of the Russian Far East.<br />
Diagnoses and keys to 33 genera and 123 species of Chironomini are given for three stages of<br />
metamorphosis. Distribution of chironomids of the tribe Chironomini in regions of the south of the<br />
Russian Far East is reported. The types of distribution of 123 species are analyzed. Seventy-four<br />
species are recorded in the Palaearctic and 44 species occur in the Holarctic. Text 542 pages, Figures –<br />
133, References – 188.<br />
SHORT-COMMUNICATI<strong>ON</strong>S<br />
NEW NAME FOR Thienemanniella similis CASPERS & REISS, 1989<br />
NOT MALLOCH, 1915<br />
By O. A. Sæther<br />
Museum of Zoology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.<br />
Caspers & Reiss (1989) described a new species, Thienemanniella similis, from Turkey. That name is<br />
preoccupied by Thienemanniella similis (Malloch) originally described as Corynoneura similis<br />
(Malloch 1915: 413). The species is redescribed by Hestenes & Sæther (2000: 113).<br />
Thienemanniella caspersi is hereby proposed as a replacement name.<br />
References<br />
CASPERS, N. & REISS, F. 1989. Die Chironomidae der Türkei. Teil I: Podonominae, Diamesinae, Prodiamesinae,<br />
Orthocladiinae (Diptera, Nematocera, Chironomidae). - Entomofauna 10: 105-160.<br />
HESTENES, T. C. & SÆTHER. 0. A. 2000. Three new Nearctic Thienemanniella Kieffer species with a review of<br />
the Nearctic species. Pp. 103-127 in: HOFFRICHTER, O. (ed.): Late 20th century research on Chironomidae:<br />
an anthology from the 13th international symposium on Chironomidae. - Shaker Verl., Aachen, 661 pp.<br />
MALLOCH, J. R. 1915. The Chironomidae, or midges, of Illinois, with particular reference to the species<br />
occurring in the Illinois River. - Ill. St. Lab. nat. Hist. 10: 275-543.<br />
34
WL/WShL=1.9 or thereabouts<br />
Peter H. Langton<br />
In my Key to pupal exuviae of British Chironomidae (1984), I provided a graph of the relationship<br />
between the lengths of the pupal wing sheath and adult wing (data obtained from reared specimens<br />
belonging to the Tanypodinae, Orthocladiinae and Chironominae). I continue to find this useful, so I<br />
reprint the graph here for those who may not have seen the original.<br />
35
Xth BALBIANI RING WORKSHOP IN VARNA, BULGARIA<br />
By P. Michailova<br />
Institute of Zoology, Sofia, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences<br />
he Xth Balbiani Ring workshop was held on August 31 - September 4, 2001 in Varna - the third<br />
largest city in Bulgaria, the queen of the Bulgarian Black<br />
Sea coast. 27 participants were received at Xth Workshop by<br />
the host Prof.P. Michailova in the famous International<br />
House of Scientists " Fr.Joliot - Curie", St. Constantine,<br />
Varna. Institute of Zoology, laboratory of " Cytotaxonomy<br />
and Evolution" with the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences<br />
organized this jubilee Balbiani Ring Workshop, the first in<br />
the new century. Twenty years ago prof. I.I. Kiknadze and<br />
her collaborators organized in Novosobirsk the first<br />
Symposium on " Organization and expression of tissue<br />
specific genes" having as a main topic the so called Balbiani<br />
Ring structure of the chromosomes in a particular group of<br />
insects (Diptera), especially the family Chironomidae. Later, these Symposia were renamed Balbiani<br />
Ring Workshop. Every two years such workshops have been held in different countries in the world<br />
where molecular and cytological aspects of Balbiani Ring structure as well as a wide spectrum of<br />
problems such as heterochromatin, repetitive DNA, molecular and karyotype evolution, were<br />
discussed.<br />
Director of the Institute of the Zoology, Corr. member Prof. V. Golemansky opened the Xth Balbiani<br />
Ring workshop by a welcome address done by him and by the President of the Bulgarian Academy of<br />
Sciences, Acad. I. Yuhnovski.<br />
Prof. Kiknadze prepared the Balbiani Ring workshop’s history lecture "From gene to genome".<br />
Famous specialists came from USA, Brazil, Canada, Russia, Germany, Italy and Bulgaria to<br />
participate in the workshop. A total of 25 papers directly concerning Balbiani<br />
ring structure were presented during the workshop. They were presented in four<br />
sessions: Gene and amplification, Gene structure and evolution, Transposable<br />
elements and variability, Chromosome structure and evolution. 1<br />
Workshop, looking at the poster<br />
The program of the workshop offered sessions dealing with general progress at<br />
contrasting levels: from molecules to whole organisms, from biodiversity to<br />
evolution. The abstract book of the BR workshop appeared before the<br />
workshop.<br />
The workshop offered the opportunity for old friends to meet again, for<br />
colleagues from different countries to make new contacts and to develop new<br />
ideas.<br />
For one day all participants enjoyed the Bulgarian nature and customs, visiting<br />
the Botanical garden in north Bulgaria - Balchik and a typical Bulgarian village.<br />
We discussed the possibilities of the next BR workshop. Different opinions<br />
were considered: either to be a workshop at the next Chironomidae Symposium<br />
which will be in USA, or to be a workshop at the next congress of the European<br />
Society for Evolutionary Biology (ESEB).<br />
We believe that Xth BR workshop was successful and fruitful and all foreign guests had a pleasant<br />
stay in the beautiful ancient resort on the Black sea coast - St. Constantine<br />
1 Abstracts referring to Chironomidae: see Current Bibliography<br />
36<br />
View at the Botanical<br />
Garden, Balchik
.<br />
AFRICA:<br />
LIST OF REGI<strong>ON</strong>AL REPRESENTATIVES 2002<br />
South Africa:<br />
Arthur HARRIS<strong>ON</strong>, 111 A Berg Road, Fish<br />
Hoek 7975, South Africa.<br />
West Afrika:<br />
Josef S. AMAKYE, Institute of Aquatic<br />
Biology (C.S.I.R.), P.O.Box 38, Achimota -<br />
Accra, Ghana.<br />
AMERICAS:<br />
Argentina :<br />
Julieta MASAFERRO, Department of<br />
Entomology, Natural History Museum,<br />
Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, U.K.<br />
Email: J.Massaferro@nhm.ac.uk<br />
Brazil:<br />
Marcos CALLISTO, Universidade Federal de<br />
Minas Gerais, ICB, Depto. Biologia Geral,<br />
Lab. Limnologia/Ecologia de Bentos, CP. 486,<br />
CEP. 30.161-970, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.<br />
Email : callisto@mono.icb.ufmg.br<br />
Canada:<br />
Ian R. WALKER, Departments of Biology,<br />
and Earth and Environmental Sciences, North<br />
Kelowna Campus, Okanagan University<br />
College, 3333 College Way, Kelowna, BC,<br />
V1V 1V7, Canada.<br />
Email: iwalker@ouc.bc.ca<br />
Central America:<br />
Carlos DE LA ROSA, Brooker Creek<br />
Preserve, Pinellas Co. Environmental Mgmt.<br />
Dept., 1001 Lora Lane, Tarpon Springs,<br />
Florida 34689, U.S.<br />
Email: cdelaros@co.pinellas.fl.us<br />
Mexico:<br />
Javier ALCOCER, UNAM Campus Iztacala,<br />
Limnology Lab, Environmental Conservation<br />
& Improvement Project, Universidad Nacional<br />
Autonoma de Mexico, Calle 15, #51 San Pedro<br />
de los Pinos, Mexico City, D.F. 03800,<br />
Mexico. jalcocer@unamvm1.dgsca.unam.mx<br />
Suriname:<br />
Arnoldine BURGOS, Bureau voor Openbare<br />
Gezondheidszorg, Centraal laboratorium, Rode<br />
Kruislaan 13 Postbus 1911, Paramaribo,<br />
Suriname.<br />
U.S.A.:<br />
L.C. FERRINGT<strong>ON</strong> Jr., Department of<br />
Entomology, Hodson Hall, 1980 Folwell<br />
Avenue, University of Minnesota, St. Paul,<br />
MN 55108, U.S.<br />
Tel.: (612) 624-3265. Email:<br />
ferri016@umn.edu<br />
ASIA:<br />
P. R. of China:<br />
WANG, Xinhua, Biology Dept., Nankai<br />
University, Tianjin, 300071, China.<br />
Fax: +86 22 344853. Email:<br />
xhwang@sun.nankai.edu.cn<br />
37<br />
India:<br />
P.K. CHAUDHURI, Dept of Zoology,<br />
University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713 104,<br />
W.B., India.<br />
Fax: +91 342 64452<br />
Iran:<br />
Seyed Karim MOUSAYI, Dept. of Freshwater<br />
Biology, The Norwegian College of Fishery<br />
Science, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.<br />
Email: karim@nfh.uit.no<br />
Israel:<br />
Jehoshua KUGLER, Dept of Zoology, Tel-<br />
Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel.<br />
Japan:<br />
Toshio IWAKUMA, Hokkaido University,<br />
Kita-Jujo-Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Saporo, Hokkaido,<br />
060 Japan.<br />
Email: iwakuma@ees.hokudai.ac.jp<br />
Malaysia:<br />
A.R. ISMAIL, Jabatan Biologie, University<br />
Pertanian Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang,<br />
Selangor, Malaysia.<br />
Far East of Russia:<br />
Eugenyi A. MAKARCHENKO, Laboratory of<br />
Freshwater Hydrobiology, Institute of Biology<br />
and Soil Sciences, Far Eastern Branch of the<br />
Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022<br />
Vladivostok - 22, Russia.<br />
Email: emakar@mail.ru (home) and<br />
zoology@eastnet.febras.ru (work)<br />
Lake Baikal and River Angara, South<br />
Siberia:<br />
Engelsina ERBAEVA, Institute of Biology,<br />
Irkutsk State University, P.O. Box 24, Lenin<br />
street 3, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia.
South Korea:<br />
Youn BYE<strong>ON</strong>G-JIN, Pusan National<br />
University, Department of Biology, #30<br />
Changjeon-dong Kumjeong-Ku, Pusan 609-<br />
735, South Korea.<br />
EUROPE<br />
Austria:<br />
Ruth C<strong>ON</strong>TRERAS, Naturhistorisches<br />
Museum, 2. Zoologische Abt., Burgring 7<br />
(Box 417), A-1014 Wien, Austria.<br />
Email: ruth.contreras@nhm-wien.ac.at<br />
Belgium:<br />
Boudewijn GODDEERIS, Koninklijk Belgisch<br />
Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen, Afdeling<br />
Zoetwaterbiologie, Vautierstraat 29, B-1040<br />
Brussel, Belgium.<br />
Email: goddeeri@kbinirsnb.be<br />
Bulgaria:<br />
Paraskeva MICHAILOVA, Institute of<br />
Zoology, boul. Rouski 1, Bulgarian Academy<br />
of Sciences, Institute of Zoology, Sofia 1000,<br />
Bulgaria.<br />
Email: parmich@mail.bol.bg<br />
Czech Republic:<br />
Pavel CHVOJKA, National Museum,<br />
Department of Entomology, Kunratice 1,<br />
14800 Praha, Czechia.<br />
Denmark:<br />
Claus LINDEGAARD, Freshwater Biological<br />
Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, 51<br />
Helsingorsgade, DK-3400, Hillerød, Denmark.<br />
Fax: +45 48241476. Email:<br />
clindegaard@zi.ku.dk<br />
Estonia:<br />
Andu & Kulli KANGUR, Vorstjarv<br />
Limnological station, EE2454 Rannu, Estonia.<br />
Email: andu@lim.tartu.ee<br />
Finland:<br />
Esa KOSKENNIEMI, West Finland Regional<br />
Environment Centre, P.O. Box 262, SF-65101<br />
Vaasa, Finland.<br />
Email: Esa.Koskenniemi@vyh.fi<br />
France:<br />
Yannick R. DELETTRE, C.N.R.S. (U.M.R.<br />
6553 "ECOBIO") - Universite de Rennes I,<br />
Station Biologique, F-35380 Paimpont, France.<br />
Email: yannick.Delettre@univ-rennes1.fr<br />
Germany:<br />
SPIES, Martin, Schraemelstr. 151, D-81247<br />
München, Germany.<br />
Email: spies@zi.biologie.uni-muenchen.de<br />
Hungary:<br />
György DÉVAI, L. Kossuth University,<br />
Ecological Institute, H-4010 Debrecen,<br />
Hungary.<br />
Iceland:<br />
Jon Sigurdur OLAFSS<strong>ON</strong>, University of<br />
Iceland, Institute of Biology, Grensasvegi 12,<br />
108 Reykjavik, Iceland. Email: jsol@rhi.hi.is<br />
Italy:<br />
Bruno ROSSARO, Univ. of Milano, Dept. of<br />
Biology, Sect. Ecology, via Celoria 26, I-<br />
20133 Milano, Italy<br />
Email: rossaro@mailserver.unimi.it<br />
38<br />
Ireland:<br />
Declan MURRAY, Dept of Zoology ,<br />
University College Dublin, Belfield, Stillorgan<br />
Road, Dublin 4, Ireland.<br />
Email: declan.murray@ucd.ie.<br />
The Netherlands:<br />
Heather A.LESLIE, Department of Aquatic<br />
Ecology and Ecotoxicology, IBED, Faculty of<br />
Science, University of Amsterdam, Kruislaan<br />
320, P.O. Box 94084, 1090 GB, Amsterdam,<br />
The Netherlands.<br />
Email: leslie@science.uva.nl<br />
Norway:<br />
Endre WILLASSEN, University of Bergen,<br />
Institute of Zoology, Museum of Zoology,<br />
Muséplass 3, N-5007 Bergen, Norway.<br />
Email: Endre.Willassen@zmb.uib.no#<br />
Poland:<br />
Andrzei KOWNACKI, Institute of Freshwater<br />
Biology, Academy of Sciences, Ul.<br />
Slawkowska 17, PL-31016 Krakow, Poland..<br />
Tel: +48 12 222115<br />
Romania:<br />
Maria-Monica TUDORANCEA, Dept.of<br />
Ecology-Genetics, Faculty of Biology and<br />
Geology, "Babes-Bolyai" University, 1 M.<br />
Kogalniceanu Str., Cluj-Napoca, 3400<br />
ROMANIA. Email: mtudor@biolog.ubbcluj.ro<br />
Togliatti:<br />
Tatiana ZINCHENCO, Institute of Ecology of<br />
the Volga River Bassin, Russian Academy of<br />
Sciences, Togliatti 445003, Russia.<br />
Slovakia :<br />
Peter BITUSIK, Faculty of Ecology and<br />
Environmental Sciences, Technical University,<br />
Masarykova 24, SK-960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia.<br />
Email: bitusik@vsld.tuzvo.sk<br />
Spain:<br />
Narcis PRAT, Dept Ecologia, Diagonal, 645<br />
Universitat de Barcelona, ES-08028 Barcelona,<br />
Spain. Fax: (3)4111438. Email:<br />
narcis@porthos.bio.ub.es<br />
Sweden:<br />
Richard K. JOHNS<strong>ON</strong>, University of<br />
Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, S 75007<br />
Uppsala, Sweden. Fax: +46 18 673156. Email:<br />
Richard.Johnson@ma.slu.se
Switzerland:<br />
Brigitte LODS-CROZET, Service des Eaux,<br />
Sols et Assainissement, Chemin des<br />
Boveresses 155, CH-1066 Epalinges,<br />
Switzerland.<br />
Email: brigitte.lods-crozet@sesa.vd.ch<br />
UK:<br />
Peter H. LANGT<strong>ON</strong>, 5 Kylebeg Avenue,<br />
Mountsandel, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry,<br />
Northern Ireland, BT52 1JN - Northern Ireland<br />
Email: 106375.1453@compuserve.com<br />
PACIFIC<br />
Australia:<br />
Peter S. CRANST<strong>ON</strong>,, Department of<br />
Entomology, University of California, One<br />
Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, US<br />
Email: pscranston@ucdavis.edu<br />
New Zealand:<br />
Ian K.G. BOOTHROYD, Kingett Mitchell &<br />
Associates, Level 2, ASDA Plaza, 4 Fred<br />
Thomas Drive, P.O. Box 33849, Takapuna,<br />
Auckland, New Zealand<br />
Email: (work) iboothroyd@kma.co.nz (home)<br />
Ian.b@xtra.co.nz<br />
39<br />
Philippines:<br />
Zenaida Batac CATALAN, Institute of<br />
Environmental Science and Management, The<br />
University of the Philippines at Los Baños,<br />
College, Laguna, Philippines.<br />
Deadline for <strong>CHIR<strong>ON</strong>OMUS</strong> 16 is the<br />
1 st of July 2003<br />
For changes and updates please visit<br />
the Chironomidae – Homepage and the<br />
List of Regional Representatives at:<br />
http://www.sci.ouc.bc.ca/fwsc/iwalker/intpan<br />
is/director.html#REGREP
CURRENT BIBLIOGRAPHY<br />
Current Bibliography: 1 Jan. 2001 - 31 Dec. 2001<br />
by Odwin Hoffrichter<br />
[© 2002 by <strong>CHIR<strong>ON</strong>OMUS</strong>, and O. Hoffrichter - Associated Editor]<br />
This listing is compiled, as usual, from many sources: databases, tables of contents of journals, references and<br />
citations of papers, autopsy of many periodicals, lists provided by authors (thanks to you!). One important source<br />
is always the Zoological Record (ZR). During the last years, Chironomidae references from the ZR volumes<br />
invariably yielded between 200-300 records, about one tenth of which used to be new, i.e. they had not been<br />
retrieved by other means. Nevertheless, not all titles of a particular year can be reported the following year,<br />
therefore, the current titles are preceded by supplementary of the earlier year (2 years at most). For older titles,<br />
go to the chironomid home page (http://www.ouc.bc.ca/fwsc/iwalker/intpanis/). As before, only printed titles are<br />
reported here. Online publications should be retrieved differently, in particular, check the chironomid home page<br />
for eventual references.<br />
Supplement to 1999 Current Bibliography:<br />
additions & corrections<br />
Ali, A. and Lobinske, R. J. 1999a. Benthic<br />
macroinvertebrate communities, especially<br />
Chironomidae and Chaoboridae in two shallow<br />
lakes in central Florida. - Univ. Fla, IFAS, Res.<br />
Rep. SAN 99-09.<br />
Ali, A. and Lobinske, R. J. 1999b. Use of lit-barges<br />
on Lake Monroe to attract nuisance chironomid<br />
midges and discourage migration of midge<br />
swarms to Sanford City, central Florida. - Univ.<br />
Fla, IFAS, Res. Rep. SAN 2000-04.<br />
Ali, A. and Lobinske, R. J. 1999c. Invertebrate<br />
comnmunity structure and population dynamics<br />
in experimental ponds during spring and<br />
summer. - Univ. Fla, IFAS, Res. Rep. SAN 2000-<br />
08.<br />
Amaya de Guerra, J. y Guerra-Martinez, A. 1999a.<br />
Diagnóstico del "gusano rojo del arroz" (Diptera:<br />
Chironomidae) en el alto Valle Jequetepeque,<br />
Camarca, Perú. - Revta per. Ent. 41: 143-145.<br />
Bomke, C. 1999a. Die Larven von Chironomus<br />
piger (Diptera, Chironomidae) als<br />
Testorganismen für gentoxische Substanzen in<br />
Wasser und Sedimenten mit Hilfe der Alkalische<br />
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