RMC6WT3W–Gorgonian Coral, polyps retracted (Melithaea sp.). Red Sea, Egypt
RFJH4M0N–Favia stony coral (Favia sp.) with retracted polyps, Palawan, Mimaropa, Sulu Lake, Pacific Ocean, Philippines
RMC6WTWD–Stony Coral (Scleractinia) polyps retracted. Papua New Guinea, Bismarck Sea
RFJH4KYE–Detail of a fan coral (Acabaria sp.) with retracted polyps, yellow, Palawan, Mimaropa, Sulu lake, Pacific Ocean, Philippines
RMC6WT57–Hand Alcyonarian coral (Chironephthya sp.) polyps retracted. Egypt, Red Sea
RM2MK7MF3–Philippine butterflyfish (Chaetodon adiergastos) in front of red yellow gorgonian, sea fan (Euplexaura), polyps retracted, red, yellow, bottom left
RM2HT56DC–Yellow cup coral (Tubastrea sp.), polyps retracted and looking like balls of red wool. Ambon, Indonesia
RMG2MW2G–Close-up, annella mollis (Annella mollis) with retracted polyps, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Cairns, Pacific Ocean
RMW7YE68–Nagasaki damselfish (Pomacentrus nagasakiensis) portrait with Red Soft Coral Tree (Dendronephthya sp.), coral polyps retracted. Lembeh Strait, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.
RF2J0GBGJ–Cauliflower-like soft coral with retracted polyps
RFH9PAW9–Healthy coral (Acropora sp.) with retracted purple polyps visible. A natural latticed pattern detail on the surface. Egypt, Red Sea, November
RFPCDT6J–This is a sea pen (Virgularia gustaviana: height 12 cms.) with its numerous eight tentacled polyps feeding in the current. Sea pens are most commonly encountered on sandy or silty substrates, to which they attach themselves by a bulbous 'foot'. A soft coral colony, it consists of a central stalk from which branches extend on either side. The polyps live on these branches and, when resting, fold their tentacles inwards to form tiny balls. If threatened, the whole colony can be retracted into the substrate. The common name is because they reminded people of feathery quill pens. Bali, Indonesia.
RMAYMC0F–Close up view of branching gorgonian coral with polyps retracted. Eunicella cavolinii.
RFPT7X6H–This soft leather coral (Sarcophyton elegans: diameter 30 cms.) is found commonly on reefs in the Indo-Pacific region. Attached to the substrate by a short thick stalk, its 'mushroom-shaped' top - called a capitulum - extends into the water column in a series of folds. When resting, the polyps are retracted, giving the colony a smooth appearance. The leathery base contains toxins, which discourages potential predators from eating it. In a current, the colony's many eight-tentacled polyps are extended fully (as in this instance) in order to catch passing zooplankton. Hurghada, Egyptian Red Sea.
RMC6WTJP–Sea Fan Gorgonia Coral (Subergorgia hicksoni), polyps open and feeding at night, Papua New Guinea - Bismarck Sea
RM2BTYJTC–Zoanthid polyps, with retracted tentacles
RMW7Y8CH–Leather coral (Alcyonacea) some polyps out, some retracted. Fiji, South Pacific.
RF2GCR0FH–Lesser Valley Coral (Favia), detail with retracted polyps, Red Sea, Aqaba, Kingdom of Jordan
RF2CBBC15–Detail of a fan coral (Acabaria sp.) with retracted polyps, yellow, Tulamben, Bali, indonesia
RM2N571HY–Lesser valley coral (Favia) detail with retracted polyps, Lake Sawu, Pacific Ocean, Komodo National Park, Lesser Sunda Islands, East Nusa Tenggara
RFHH2F48–Mushroom coral showing 'mouth' and partially retracted polyps. Indonesia.
RM2TBD93Y–Extreme close-up of neon goby sharknose goby (Elacatinus evelynae) sitting on stony coral (Acropora) with retracted polyps Coral polyps, Caribbean
RFT34P9D–Flowerpot coral [Goniopera species]. Large polyp stony coral, with polyps partly retracted. North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Indo-West Pacific.
RM2BF4255–Closeup of grooved brain coral (Diploria labyrinthiformis) polyps and structure on a coral reef, Cayman Islands, Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean, color
RMCYBYN6–A mushroom leather coral, Sarcophyton sp., has retracted its polyps as it grows near the edge of a mangrove forest.
RFF81971–Close up of the retracted tentacles of a Red of Soft Coral in the St. Lawrence River.
RMC3XWM4–A Longnose Hawkfish (Oxycirrhitus typus) rests on branch of Black Coral. Egypt, Red Sea
RMB2A70X–A pygmy sea horse on a fan in the warm waters around the Solomons.
RFRTKTWF–The frame is filled with a colony of closed Aggregating anemones, exposed at low tide on a remote beach on British Columbia's Central Coast.
RM2AB8CD9–Colony of tube corals (Tubastrea sp.), polyps feeding at night. They remain retracted during the day, like other hard corals. Found widely in tropical
RFMTA6K1–The orange colour and black markings of the flamingo tongue cowrie (Cyphoma gibbosum: 1 cm.) are formed by the mollusc's mantle, which covers the animal's shell. If alarmed, the mantle is retracted to avoid predation; clearly, the snail was not perturbed by my presence. The species lives in the warm waters of the Western Atlantic, the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. It is usually found on sea rod gorgonians (as in this case) where it feeds on the coral's polyps. Sadly, they are becoming rarer, mainly because they are taken for the aquarium trade. Photographed in the Cuban Caribbean Sea.
RFHMT4R9–Soft focusedpurple pink coral polyps in aquarium. Seabottom background.
RMRDT3WB–. An introduction to the study of zoology. Zoology. COiLENTERATA. I59 tive functions. In many the reproductive polyps are so much reduced that they appear to be only organs, and not individuals of a colony; they were named blastostyles (reproductive buds) or gonophores (carriers of the reproductive organs) before their morphological value as separate individuals was fully. Fij. 36—Blastostyles, b, of a colony of hydroid polyps; r, hydroirt polyps retracted, e, expanded; c, enteron or digestive cavity, seen in optical Bection. (Magnified.) recognised. The fully-formed medusa is to be re- garded
RMC3XWGE–A Longnose Hawkfish (Oxycirrhitus typus) rets on Gorgonian Coral. Egypt, Red Sea
RMC3XTNN–A Longnose Hawkfish (Oxycirrhitus typus) rests on Gorgonian Coral. Borneo - South China Sea
RMHMT4TB–Soft focusedpurple pink coral polyps in aquarium. Seabottom background.
RM2AWEN21–Annals of the South African MuseumAnnale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum . lum arises from an elongate and narrow stalk. The largestspecimen has a capitulum measuring 12 mm in width, whereas the stalk is2-3 mm in width. The capitulum is dome-shaped or elliptical with the polypscovering the entire surface. Polyps are dimorphic. The retracted anthocodiae ofthe autozooids may form small protuberances on the surface of the capitulumbut these are not true calyces, since the protuberances are capable of completeretraction into the capitulum. Autozooids are small and numerous (50-100 innumber and 0,9-
RFJ8TTG2–macro, close-up, macro admission, close up view, closeup, reef, navy, marine,
RM2AWF22K–Annals of the South African MuseumAnnale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum . ; retracted polypsoften form small rounded protuberances on the surface of the polyparium,expanded polyps mostly 0,5 mm in length and diameter preserved. Polypswithout conspicuous or permanent calyces but may form hemispherical pro-trusions on the surface of the polyparium when retracted. These protuberancesare capable of retraction into the polyparium. Sclerites from surface of lobes arepredominantly compact eight-radiates (capstans), 0,040-0,065 mm in length,with angular or thorny tubercles. A few sclerites are triradi
RM2AWEP95–Annals of the South African MuseumAnnale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum . unbranched; digitiform, capitate, or digitate. Polyps monomor-phic. Retracted polyps form distinct hemispherical, cup-like or dish-like per-manent calyces on the capitulum surface. Anthocodia completely retractile intocalyx, sometimes forming a low rounded eight-rayed protuberance inside thecalicular cup. Sclerites are primarily eight-radiates and capstans. A genus of perhaps 15 species of the Indo-West Pacific; three species insouthern Africa. Type species. Eleutherobia japonica Putter, 1900, Japan. Eleutherobia rotifer
RM2AN3521–The royal natural history . RED CORAL. Part of a stock with retracted polyps, two havebeen opened (magnified) ; B, With polyps moreor less extended ; a larva (a) seen in the act ofemerging through the mouth of the uppermostpolyp.. organ-pipe coral, Tvbipom (nat. size a, Starting points of new individuals(nat. size.) the inner transverse parti-tions (tabulce), by means ofwhich the upper living partof the tube is from time to time cut ott from the dead part below. Thetransverse platforms are neither regularly parallel nor continuous; neverthe-less they do indicate in a general way stages of grow
RM2AWF6B9–Annals of the South African MuseumAnnale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum . Fig. 18. Alcyoniwn moriferum (Tixier-Durivault, 1954). A. Entire colony with anthocodiae retracted into basal portions of polyps; total colony length 15 mm. B. Entire colony with polyps completely retracted into polyparium; total length of colony 20 mm. C. Coenenchymal sclerites; scale bar = 0,1 mm. 288 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM cC< i;-:-:;V-v^V::v..;.;.A^. Fig. 19. Alcyonium mutabiliforme Williams, 1988. A. Entire colony, contracted, preserved, 12 mm in height. B. Single polyp showing placement of sclerit
RM2AWFDDM–Annals of the South African MuseumAnnale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum . Fig. 4. Scleranthelia thomsoni Williams, 1987a. A. An entire colony; scalebar =10 mm. B. A single anthostele with anthocodia retracted, 12 mm length.C. Three anthocodial sclerites. D. Four sclerites from the spiculiferous mesoglealmatrix contained in the basal interior of the polyps. C-D. Scale bar = 0,2 mm.E. Five plate-like sclerites from anthostelar wall, sclerite at left shows outer surface,other four sclerites show inner surface; scale bar = 0,5 mm. 264 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM. Fig. 5. Scanning electron m
RMRJ4PC9–. A textbook of invertebrate morphology [microform]. Invertebrates; Morphology (Animals); Invertébrés; Morphologie (Animaux). 90 INVERTEBRATE MORPUOLOOT. knobbed; these are probably oflfeusive polyps, of use to the colony in obtaining food, and are known as dactylozoids (Fig. 46, d). The cavities in the corallura in which the gasterozoids live are divided by transverse partitions into chambers into the outermost of which the hydranth may be retracted, the arrangement recalling what occurs in the corallum of the fossil Tabulate Corals. In the genus Stylaster, however, which forms a rose-red bra
RMRE0882–. A text-book of invertebrate morphology. Invertebrates. 90 INVERTEBBATE MORPHOLOGY. knobbed; these are probably offensive polyps, of use to the colony in obtaining food, and are known as dactylozoids (Fig. 46, d). The cavities in the corallum in which the gasterozoids live are divided by transverse partitions into chambers into the outermost of which the hydranth may be retracted, the arrangement recalling what occurs in the corallum of the fossil Tabulate Corals. In the genus Stylaster, however, which forms a rose-red branching corallum, these partitions are. . .. CO Fig. 46.—Portion op Colo
RMRE89GN–. Corals and coral islands. Coral reefs and islands; Corals. AL'JYONOID POLYPS. 89 or cortex; while the branch on the right, with the surface dotted, has the cortex complete, and the dots are the sites of the contracted polyps. The circular figure below is a trans- verse section of the stem enlarged, showing the cavities occu- pied by the retracted polyps. In the genus Melitsea, and some others related, the inter-. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not
RMRHKRHA–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. •m. FIGURE 7. Escape behavior from Arinuia californica. A. A. californica approaching an expanded sea pansy. Note expanded autozooids. B. A. californica contacting R. kollikcri. Note retraction of polyps and commencement of rachidial wave. C. The sea pansy is being- uprooted as rachidial waves continue and the peduncle retracts. (Animal in background is the sand dollar Dcndrastcr cxccntricus.) D. Uprooted colony in "saddle" configuration. Note retracted peduncle. The diameter of the Renilla depicted is 65 mm.. Plea
RMRHN3H1–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 34 Y. BENAYAHU AND Y. LOYA. FIGURE 1. Colonies of Xenia macrospiculata. a: Aggregation of colonies at the coral reef of Muqebla'. b: Colonies with retracted polyps, c: Colony with extended polyps (X4). Abbreviations: A—anthocodium, C—capitulum, S—stalk. X. macrospiculata colonies are dioecious. Hermaphroditic colonies are very rare; among more than 2000 colonies examined, only three bore both sperm sacs and oocytes. The gonads are arranged along the four lateral and two sulcal mesenteries (Fig. 2b), except for the anthocodia
RMRR4DAJ–. An account of the alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian marine survey ship Investigator in the Indian Ocean. Alcyonaria. 139 '' Chironephthya siphonogorgica, n. sp. " Branches few in iiuiiil)ei', directed obliquely upwards and not further sub- divided. Polyps l)()rne directly on main stem and branches. Each polyp com- pletely retractile within a definite calyx, which can be closed over the retracted polyp. Spicules of stem and branches disposed longitudinally and somewhat loosely packed together. Stem spicules bright coral-red ; polyp spicules bright yellow; tentacles colourless. &
RMRGH1DA–. Bulletin of the Essex Institute. Essex Institute; Natural history; genealogy. 52 CCELENTERATA AND gemmation and ova. Hermaphrodite. Eggs develop in- ternally. Abundant everywhere at low tide. A. marginata.. ACTINOLOBA WITH BODY CONTRACTED. Bunodes. Body with thick walls, covered externally with warts. Tentacles short, not numerous, in four rows. B. spectabilis. Polythoa. Polyps in clusters connected by living cceno- sarc. Attached to shells inhabited by hermit crabs, worms, etc. P. parasitica. Tealia.1 Solitary, tentacles in many series. Base large. Body bright red, smooth; when retracted, f
RMRMKN0C–. Annals of the South African Museum = Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum. Natural history. 90 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM. Fig. 26. Virgularia mirabilis. A. Entire colony. Scale = 10 mm. B. Detail of rachis with retracted polyps. Scale = 1 mm. C. Part of rachis from colony with expanded polyps. Scale = 10 mm. D. Detail of rachis showing expanded polyps. Scale = 1 mm.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work
RMRMKNG7–. Annals of the South African Museum = Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum. Natural history. Fig. 11. Actinoptilum molle. A. Expanded colony in situ. Scale = 30 mm. B. Single autozooid and five siphonozooids. C. Three autozooids retracted into calyces, and numerous siphono- zooids. D. Two autozooid calyces with four smaller siphonozooids. Scales: B-D = 0,8 mm. E. Expanded autozooid. Scale = 1,8 mm. F. Preserved colony with retracted polyps. Scale = 10 mm.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration a
RMRE09GM–. A manual of zoology. Zoology. Fig. 206.âCoraXlium ruhruvi, vqH q(^v,, (After Lacazo Diitliiers.) -^, ciliated young; B, young colony ; C, part of colony with polyps in extension (o) and contrac- tion {(â ); d, co3nosarc; D^ stereogram of a brancli; h, c, partly and completely re- tracted polyps; r/, ccenosarc; c, skeletal axis exposed: /', /, larger and smaller ccenosarcal canals; m, mesenterial filaments; *â , (.esophagus; t, retracted tentacles; A^ greatly, B, C I slightly enlarged. of these project on the outer surface as cos(a Still outside these may be a second cup, the epifhent. I
RMRMHTM1–. Annals of the South African Museum = Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum. Natural history. 236 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM. Fig. 37. Leptogorgia capensis (Hickson, 1900). An entire colony, 340 mm in height. (1,5-2,5 mm in diameter and up to 170 mm long) that may be somewhat droop- ing. Branching is planar and dichotomous to slightly lateral. Branches are cylindrical and arise from a single basal stem. Anastomosis apparently does not occur. Retracted polyps may form low rounded protuberances (<1,0 mm high) or totally retract into coenenchyme leaving minute slits (<0,5 mm long)
RMRMKN1X–. Annals of the South African Museum = Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum. Natural history. 88 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM. Fig. 25. Virgulariaschultzei. A. Entire preserved colony. Scale = 20 mm. B. Expanded colony in situ. Scale = 20 mm. C. Polyp leaf from a 120 mm long colony. Scale = 1 mm. D. Peduncle sclerites. Scale = 0,005 mm. E. Lower surface of a polyp leaf from middle of rachis of a 400-mm long colony. Scale = 2 mm. F. Two retracted polyps from a polyp leaf showing siphonozooids at base. Scale = 0,5 mm.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images t
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