RM2AJHFMP–The cell in development and inheritance . and this in turn often contains Attraction-sphere enclosing two centrosomes. Nucleus -I Plasmosome or true nucleolus Chromatin- network Linin-network Karyosome,net-knot, orchromatin-nucleolus. Plastids lying in thecytoplasm Vacuole Passive bodies (meta-plasm or paraplasm)suspended in the cy-toplasmic meshwork Fig. 6.— Diagram of a cell. Its basis consists of a meshwork containing numerous minutegranules (microsomes) and traversing a transparent ground-substance. one or more smaller bodies or nucleoli. By some of the earlierworkers the nucleus was suppo
RF2GD6HRC–Entamoeba histolytica. Anatomy of trophozoite. Entamoeba is an anaerobic parasitic amoeba that cause infection disease of intestine
RMPFK8YT–. Cytology, with special reference to the metazoan nucleus. Cells. 204 CYTOLOGY CHAP. two different phases of the life cycle of Coccidiam schubergi (Schaudinn, 1900). In the schizont (the asexual cycle), before nuclear division the chromatin granules become massed together in little clumps and irregular threads, in which, however, no definite longitudinal splitting can be made out, and they do not get collected into an equatorial plate. They sort themselves out in some way or other into two groups which appear to be pushed apart by the elongation of the karyosome, which contains, or takes the
RMRWK20B–Elements of biology, with special Elements of biology, with special reference to their rôle in the lives of animals elementsofbiolog00buch Year: 1933 30 ELEMENTS OF BIOLOGY type of protoplasm, although it is continuous with the underlying substance. This boundary, known as the plasma membrane, may be, and in many cases is, surrounded by a non-living pellicle or cell WALL, formed by substances constructed by the chemical processes within the cell. CELL WALL N U C u s CHROMATIN KARYOSOME PLASMA MEMBRANE NUCLEAR MEM BRANE NUCLEAR SAP PLASMOSOME LININ PLASTID GOLGI BODIES CENTROSOME CENTROSPHE
RM2AKJANB–Collected papers . Cliilomastix gallinarum, showing the four free flagella,blepharoplast, well-developed phaiynx, and nucleus. Abbreviations.—Ax. Axostyle. BJ. Blepharoplast. h.g. Basalgranules. Chr. B. Chromatic blocks. Chr. L. Chromatic line. Cyt.Cytostome. F. Free flagelhun. Ka. Karyosome. M.F. Membraneflagellum. Nu. Nucleus. Ph. Pharynx. ; 1 In this the first part of oiu- paper we only deal with the morphologyof the flagellate parasites we have found. In the second part we givean account of the other aninral parasites and of the results obtainedfrom new infections. FURTHER OBSERVATIONS OX
RMPFK86B–. Cytology, with special reference to the metazoan nucleus. Cells; Cytology. 204 CYTOLOGY chap. two different phases of the Ufe cycle of Coccidiitm schubergi (Schaudinn, 1900). In the schizont (the asexual cycle), before nuclear division the chromatin granules become massed together in little clumps and irregular threads, in which, however, no definite longitudinal splitting can be made out, and they do not get collected into an equatorial plate. They sort themselves out in some way or other into two groups which appear to be pushed apart by the elongation of the karyosome, which contains, or
RM2AGDNCM–. The American journal of anatomy. he Histology and Histogenesis of the Heart Muscle Cell. Anat. Anz., Jena, 1897, Bd. XIII, S. 609-620. 98.—On the Histogenesis of the Striated Muscle Fiber and the Growth of the Human Sartorius Muscle. Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., Balto.,1898, Vol. IX, pp. 208-215.Ranvier, 89.—Traite technique dhistologie. Paris, 1889. EXPLANATION OF FIGURES 1 TO 17.Abbreviations Used. a = Heavily staining deposits at the nodal points of cyto-reticulum of earlyembryonic cells. b = Karyosome masses. c = Transverse threads of cyto-reticulum. d = Nucleus. &Z^ Lightly staining bands
RMPFK85R–. Cytology, with special reference to the metazoan nucleus. Cells. 204 CYTOLOGY CHAP. two different phases of the Ufe cycle of Coccidium schubergi (Schaudinn, 1900). In the schizont (the asexual cycle), before nuclear division the chromatin granules become massed together in little clumps and irregular threads, in which, however, no definite longitudinal splitting can be made out, and they do not get collected into an equatorial plate. They sort themselves out in some way or other into two groups which appear to be pushed apart by the elongation of the karyosome, which contains, or takes the p
RM2AKJ82K–Collected papers . ; andfigs. 27-31, 40-42 from owl 23. (Figs. 14-31 are from preparations stained by Giemsa.) Figs. 14 and 15.—Small spindles. Fig. 16.—Small spindle, just commencing division; there are twokinetonuclei, and apparently the karyosome in the trophonucleus hasalso divided. Figs. 17-19.—Intermediate stages in the growth of the medium-sizedslender type. Figs. 20 and 21.—Fully developed medium-sized forms. Figs. 22 and 24.—Massive blue forms. Fig. 23.—Small individual of the same type. Figs. 25, 26, and 28.—Stout spindles. Fig. 27.—Transitional form from small fusiform type to stout
RMRHK4NF–. The biology of the Protozoa. Protozoa; Protozoa. 60 BIOLOGY OF THE PROTOZOA structures. After treatment with beef broth the body of Dileptus is enormously distended due to the swelhng of these cytoendosomes (Fig. 24). The centrally placed intranuclear body is generally described under the name karyosome, a term which has been so widely used by students of the Protozoa and for so many obviously different structures that it is practically synonymous with endosome or Binnenkorper. Thus Minchin describes it as a combination of chro- matin and plastin; Doflein defines a karyosome as a centrally p
RMRDXBJH–. ProtozooÌlogy. Protozoa; Protozoa, Pathogenic. FERTILIZATION BY AUTOGAMY 141 nuclei, but of masses of idiochromidia which in other protozoa become differentiated into such nuclei. The karyosome and some of the peripheral chromatin form a degenerating "somatic" nucleus which takes no part in the later processes. The further fate of the encysted form thus brought about has not been followed, Ijut in Entameba histolytica, according to the observa- tions of Schaudinn and, later, of Craig ('OS), such a stage is followed by spore formation. Schaudinn ('03) observed, and his observations
RMRE08N3–. The Protozoa. Protozoa. SPECIAL MORPHOLOGY OF THE PROTOZOAN NUCLEUS 255 condenses, there is left a small bud, usually attached by a short peduncle, and this bud, which Siedlecki calls the secondary karyosome, seems to be the seat of the subsequent changes in the disruption of the nucleus. The secondary karyosome enlarges as though a certain amount of chromatin had reached it through the peduncle. When it has reached the volume of the first karyosome, it is also similar in structure. A third karyosome is then formed in the same way, and so on until in some cases more than twenty have been dev
RMRD2B0N–. Cytology, with special reference to the metazoan nucleus. Cells. 204 CYTOLOGY CHAP. two different phases of the life cycle of Coccidiam schubergi (Schaudinn, 1900). In the schizont (the asexual cycle), before nuclear division the chromatin granules become massed together in little clumps and irregular threads, in which, however, no definite longitudinal splitting can be made out, and they do not get collected into an equatorial plate. They sort themselves out in some way or other into two groups which appear to be pushed apart by the elongation of the karyosome, which contains, or takes the
RMRHKAC7–. Biologisches Zentralblatt. Biology. searching for them, I was able to find cysts (/«) which showed the formation of the „second reduction nuclei". In all these stages the somatic nucleus is still present. It usually has an annular appearance, with a large peripheral karyosome. It is interesting to compare this with the „somatic nucleus" in Bodo. During these stages Prowazek describes this as the . . „alten Kern, der blass und chrornatinarm ist und nur ein weitmaschiges achromatisches Gerüstwerk, dem seitlich der oft zerfallene Innenkörper anliegt, besitzt ..." And further he i
RMRMGXAP–. Annals of tropical medicine and parasitology. Parasites. 252 film for at least thirty minutes, and to regulate the amount of washing afterwards by frequent microscopic examinations. It was found that the Giemsa method showed up the flagellar attachments better than the Leishman method did, whereas the latter demonstrated the nuclear karyosome better. (Plate XVIII, figs. 12 and 14.) V. MORPHOLOGY This protozoon is a typical specimen of the genus Prowazekia (Hartmann and Chagas, 1910), formerly included in the genus Bodo. It possesses two fiagella (an anterior and a lateral), and two nuclei (a
RMRD2X27–. Cytology, with special reference to the metazoan nucleus. Cells; Cytology. 204 CYTOLOGY chap. two different phases of the Ufe cycle of Coccidiitm schubergi (Schaudinn, 1900). In the schizont (the asexual cycle), before nuclear division the chromatin granules become massed together in little clumps and irregular threads, in which, however, no definite longitudinal splitting can be made out, and they do not get collected into an equatorial plate. They sort themselves out in some way or other into two groups which appear to be pushed apart by the elongation of the karyosome, which contains, or
RMRE08KH–. The Protozoa. Protozoa. 264 THE PROTOZOA although two classical objects, Actinosphcerium and Englypha, have been repeatedly examined. Nuclear division in the former was first described by Gruber ('83), then by Hertwig ('84), by Brauer ('94), and, finally, reexamined in great detail by Hertwig ('98). All agree as to the general features of division, but disagree widely in details. In some stages (before the " primary mitosis," Hertwig) the chromatin is in a single large karyosome which incloses a faintly staining achromatic mass (Gruber, Hertwig). In addition to these there is. Plea
RMRHK4N2–. The biology of the Protozoa. Protozoa; Protozoa. NUCLEI AND KINETIC ELEMENTS 61 practical value is concerned the term karyosome is no more useful than the non-committal term Binnenkorper or Minchin's equivalent term endosome. I would advocate, therefore, discarding altogether. Fig. 24:.—Dileptus anser: A, vegetative individual in culture with nucleus in the form of scattered chromatin granules; B, individual showing the effect of treatment with beef extract on the chromatin granules. (Original.) the term karyosome which seemingly bears the earmarks of some- thing definite in the cell, using
RMRN0T69–. Annales de la Société royale zoologique et malacologique de Belgique. Zoology; Mollusks. Fig. 200. — Monocystis X 790, page 14. — ep — Épispore. — en = Endospore. — hy — Karyosome.. Fig. 207. —Monocystis X 1180, page 164 Spores conjuguées.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Société royale zoologique et malacologique de Belgique. [S. l. : s. n. ]
RMRE099W–. The Protozoa. Protozoa. ^Mkrs, . â . ' .:r- W$0f/. Fig. 70. â Nuclear division in Noctiluca miliaris. A. The first changes of the chromatin from the large karyosome condition ; concentration of the substance of the divi- sion centre (s). B. Further disintegration of the chromatin and arrangement of granules to form the chromosomes {ch). C. Amphiaster and completed chromosomes. D. The central spindle in the hollow of the nucleus; the nuclear plate of chromosomes is thus wrapped around the division-centre. £. A section through the centre of the long axis of the division- centre before divisio
RMRD2X16–. Cytology, with special reference to the metazoan nucleus. Cells. 204 CYTOLOGY CHAP. two different phases of the Ufe cycle of Coccidium schubergi (Schaudinn, 1900). In the schizont (the asexual cycle), before nuclear division the chromatin granules become massed together in little clumps and irregular threads, in which, however, no definite longitudinal splitting can be made out, and they do not get collected into an equatorial plate. They sort themselves out in some way or other into two groups which appear to be pushed apart by the elongation of the karyosome, which contains, or takes the p
RMRN4PGW–. Animal parasites and human disease. Parasites; Medical parasitology; Insects as carriers of disease. 130 AMEB.E. Fig. 36. Endamoeba histolytica. X 1650. A, stained vegetative ameba; B, cyst with four nuclei; n., nucleus, showing peripheral chromatin granules and central karyosome; r. b. c, ingested red blood corpuscles; chr. b., chromatoid body. (After Dobell.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Chandler, As
RMRHN70D–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 344 NANCY B. KINDERMAN AND ROBERT C. KING observed rough surface of the endobody suggests that there is movement of the packets either into or out of the endobody. By S10A the surface is smooth, and packets are no longer seen in the vicinity. "We iavor the movement of packets into * £ *y.- - >. FIGURE 8. (A.) A section through a S8 oocyte which does not include the karyosome. A dense endohody u-) is seen surrounded by packets of nucleolar material. Vesicles (v) are present inside the oocyte nucleus, and nuclear pores
RMRHN72K–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. OOGENESIS IN DROSOPH1LA VIRILIS 341 ':'-'!i".:, nucleolar material | chromatin / . 1. Sn Sll. By S5 the chromatin has aggregated into a karyosome (k) which expands through S10B. In S5, small packets of material (depicted as heavy dots) are seen near the nucleolus, and they persist through S9. Small clumps of granules are associated with the karyosome from S6 through Sll. In S10B, vitelline bodies (vb) are deposited, and these coalesce to form a vitelline membrane (vm) by Sll. The endochorion (ec), is laid down during S1
RMRN4PFR–. Animal parasites and human disease. Parasites; Medical parasitology; Insects as carriers of disease. Fig. 37. Endamoeba coli. X 1650. A, stained vegetative ameba; B, cyst, with eight nuclei; n., nucleus, showing coarse peripheral chromatin granules, chromatin granules in "clear zone" between periphery and karyosome, and eccentric karyosome; chr. b., remnant of chromatoid body. Note large number of food vacuoles in vegetative ameba. (After Dobell.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration
RMRN4PEY–. Animal parasites and human disease. Parasites; Medical parasitology; Insects as carriers of disease. Fig. 38. Endolimax nana. X 1650. A, two stained vegetative forms, show- ing nuclei with large irregular karyosome, and numerous food vacuoles. B, cyst with four nuclei. (After Dobell.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Chandler, Asa C. (Asa Crawford), 1891-1958. New York, J. Wiley
RMRDW696–. The germ-cell cycle in animals . Cells. INTRODUCTION fibrillar phases, at different periods of growth and in different conditions of physiological activity," and that "apparently homogeneous protoplasm is a complex mixture of substances which may assume. Fig. 1. â Diagram of a, cell, as = attraction-sphere; c = centrosome; ch = chromatin reticulum; cr = chromidia; re ââ ectoplasm; in = cn- doplasm; A; = karyosome; Z = limn; /h = mitochondria; me = mcta- plasm; n.m = nuclear membrane; p = plastid; /)/ = plasmosome or nucleolus; s = spongioplasm; t) = vacuole. various forms of visibl
RMRN4PCY–. Animal parasites and human disease. Parasites; Medical parasitology; Insects as carriers of disease. gl.m. Fig. 39. Iodamceba b'utschlii. X 1650. A, stained vegetative ameba, showing numerous food vacuoles and nucleus (n.), the latter with large central karyosome and a single layer of granules between karyosome and nuclear membrane. B, cyst, showing nucleus (n.) with peripheral karyosome, and glycogen mass (gl. m.) or "iodophilic body," from which these cysts received the name "Iodine or I. cysts." (After Dobell.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned
RMRN0T6H–. Annales de la Société royale zoologique et malacologique de Belgique. Zoology; Mollusks. Fig. 204. — Monocystis magna X 37, page 164. — Les deux parasites ont encore leur revêtement de spermatozoïdes. — sf ^= Entonnoirs vibra- tiles du testicule. — •» = noyau.. Fig. 200. — Monocystis X 790, page 14. — ep — Épispore. — en = Endospore. — hy — Karyosome.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Société royale zoologi
RMRN4PDN–. Animal parasites and human disease. Parasites; Medical parasitology; Insects as carriers of disease. gl.m. Fig. 39. Iodamceba b'utschlii. X 1650. A, stained vegetative ameba, showing numerous food vacuoles and nucleus (n.), the latter with large central karyosome and a single layer of granules between karyosome and nuclear membrane. B, cyst, showing nucleus (n.) with peripheral karyosome, and glycogen mass (gl. m.) or "iodophilic body," from which these cysts received the name "Iodine or I. cysts." (After Dobell.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned
RMRHRA4N–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. THE RELATION BETWEEN AMITOSIS AND MITOSIS. 113 nucleus or cytoplasm. No spireme has been observed but a number of deeply staining granules appear in the nucleus in ad- dition to the karyosome. The yolk appears first in the form of small granules which increase in size and fuse, until the cell con- tains a single large spherical mass of yolk and the greatly reduced nucleus is flattened at one side. Successive stages of yolk-de- velopment are shown in Figs. 31-35. These cells apparently. FIGS. 29-35. arise from the same primor
RMRN4PBE–. Animal parasites and human disease. Parasites; Medical parasitology; Insects as carriers of disease. Fig. 40. Dientamoeba fragilis. X 1650. A, stained vegetative ameba. show- ing two nuclei with granular karyosomes, and lood vacuoles; B, living ameba, showing leaf-like pseudopodia. (A, after. Dobell; B, after Jepps and Dobcll.). Fig. 41. Councilmania lafleuri. X 1650. A, stained vegetative ameba with a pseudopodium in early phase of protrusion and one nearly retracted and filled with endoplasm; nucleus showing peripheral chromatin and large irregular, ec- centric karyosome; endoplasm filled
RMRHKDF9–. Biologisches Zentralblatt. Biology. 548 Swarczewsky, Zur Chromidienfrage und Kerndualismushypothese. Nimmt man an, dass die Dimensionen aller dieser Tochterkerne sich schließlich ausgleichen, was durch weitere Teilungen der größeren Kerne zustande kommen kann, so wird man natürlich voraussetzen müssen, dass die Zahl der kleinen Kerne eine sehr große sein wird. Einen jeden der so gebildeten Kerne (oder richtiger Karyosome) halten sowohl Jollos wie auch Hartmann für „totipotent", d. h. wie man annehmen muss, für völhg ausgebildete Kerne, welche im- stande sind, alle dem Kerne zukommenden
RMRN4PG5–. Animal parasites and human disease. Parasites; Medical parasitology; Insects as carriers of disease. Fig. 36. Endamoeba histolytica. X 1650. A, stained vegetative ameba; B, cyst with four nuclei; n., nucleus, showing peripheral chromatin granules and central karyosome; r. b. c, ingested red blood corpuscles; chr. b., chromatoid body. (After Dobell.). Fig. 37. Endamoeba coli. X 1650. A, stained vegetative ameba; B, cyst, with eight nuclei; n., nucleus, showing coarse peripheral chromatin granules, chromatin granules in "clear zone" between periphery and karyosome, and eccentric kary
RMRN0ED9–. Annales de l'Institut Pasteur. Science; Allergy and Immunology; Medicine; Microbiology. 810 ANNALES DE L'INSTITUT PASTEUR. retire de plus en plus à la périphérie (fig. B) ; l'amas, à structure plus dense, prend une forme très régulière, celle d'un triangle appuyé par sa base contre la membrane nucléaire et dont le sommet touche la membrane du karyosome (fig. B).. A.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Institu
RMRHN713–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. ' • CHAMBER VOLUME ' OOCYTE VOLUME POSTERIOR NUCLEI NURSE CELL NUCLEAR VOLUME B . ANTERIOR / ° 0 OOCYTE NUCLEAR "• O • VOLUME O. odo HALO VOLUME KARYOSOME o VOLUME O, OOCYTE NUCLEOLAR VOLUME 3Z STAGE |9|ia4lOB|ll|H|l3 FIGURE 7. The volumes of various ovarian structures as a function of developmental stage; B, breakdown of nuclear envelope; C, condensation of karyosomes into individual bivalents; D, degeneration of nurse cell nuclei; F, fragmentation of the oocyte halo and nucleolus. Inset : the pattern of interconnecte
RMRE08N6–. The Protozoa. Protozoa. ^KL E Fig. 134. — Types of nuclei. [A. Calcituba polymorpha Roboz, from SCHAUDINN. B. Colptdium colpoda, from a preparation. C. Euglena vlridis Ehr. irom a preparation. D. letramiius ctulomo- nas, n. sp. E. Noctiluca miliaris Sur., from a preparation.] A single karyosome (A) becomes vesicular, and ultimately gives rise to several daughter-karyo- somes (so-called "fragmentation" Schaudinn). Several karyosomes in Noctduca (E) hold the chromatin, the rest of the nucleus is filled with "achromatic " granules. In Tetramitus chilomonas (D) the chromatin
RMRHKDEE–. Biologisches Zentralblatt. Biology. (S(i Hartmann, Polyenergide Kerne. Karyosome (Sekundärkerne) sich mit aller Deutlichkeit aus ihrem morphologischen Bau ergibt. Der Hinweis auf die oben genauer geschilderten Vorgänge bei Adelea genügt wohl, um zu begreifen, dass es sich bei der Zerfallteilung, wie bei der fortgesetzten Kern- knospung einfach um das Freiwerden aller resp. einzelner vor- gebildeter, totipotenter Sekundärkerne aus dem polyenergiden Pri- märkern (Polykaryon) handelt. Besonders erwähnen möchte ich noch die Bildung derGameten- kerne bei WagnereUa, weil der Vorgang große Ähnlichk
RMRHKA05–. Biologisches Zentralblatt. Biology. a) Flagellat von Para- moeha. Blepharoplast mit geteilten Zen- Kern und Zellkern der P.aramoeba in Chardi-Zentriolen triolen. geteilt. b) Kern von Flagellaten mitgeteiltem Zentriol. Fig. 5. •;C^i V «i^r.; Kern und dessen Teilung bei einer Süßwasser-J.moe&o. Die granulären Differenzierungen der Zellen, wie die Centriolen der Karyosome, die als zweite Kerne aufzufassen sind, die Centriolen der Zentralkörper der Heliozoen (Acanthocystis), viele Blepharoplast- centriolen und Basalkörperchen sind geteilt und befinden sich meistens dauernd auf den Diplosom
RMRMWB9D–. Annales des sciences naturelles. Plants; Biology. LES CHAMPIGNO.NS DITS AMBROSIA 57 avec régression au glyrennàthermlschung, montrent les corpus- cules métachromatiques souvent groupés dans de grandes vacuoles, et, dans les cellules levures, dans de petites vacuoles situées aux deux pôles (PI. V, fig. 1). Des fdaments fixés au formol ou au picroformol et colorés par la méthode de Ileidenhain (hématoxyline au fer) ont montré qu'il y avait plusieurs noyaux dans chaciue cellule (fig. 8). Ces noyaux comportent un karyosome fortement coloré entouré d'une zone Fig. 8. — Filament de Cliampignon pro
RMRN0EAX–. Annales de l'Institut Pasteur. Science; Allergy and Immunology; Medicine; Microbiology. C.. B. La cellule s'accroissant de plus en plus, son noyau grandit, devient ovale ; le réseau de chromatine est presque exclusive- ment à la périphérie du noyau, et la communication entre l'amas polaire et le karyosome ne se fait plus que par un pédoncule mince et allongé. (Fig. C.) Enfin, quand le noyau atteint presque son état adulte, le contact entre l'amas et la membrane nucléaire cesse ; on a une petite boule de chromatine très condensée reliée au karyosome par un mince pédoncule (lig. D) ; c'est le
RMRCRHBG–. Elements of biology, with special reference to their rôle in the lives of animals. Biology; Zoology. 30 ELEMENTS OF BIOLOGY type of protoplasm, although it is continuous with the underlying substance. This boundary, known as the plasma membrane, may be, and in many cases is, surrounded by a non-living pellicle or cell WALL, formed by substances constructed by the chemical processes within the cell. CELL WALL N U C u s CHROMATIN KARYOSOME PLASMA MEMBRANE. NUCLEAR MEM BRANE NUCLEAR SAP PLASMOSOME LININ PLASTID GOLGI BODIES CENTROSOME CENTROSPHERE MITOCHONDRIA CYTOPLASM VACUOLE METAPLASM' Fig.
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